Battery pack

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery pack (10). The battery pack (10) comprises a shell (20) and a plurality of battery units (12) arranged in the shell (20). A plurality of conduits (60) are disposed at the bottom of the housing (20) and extend out of the housing (20). The plurality of conduits (60) is configured to enable a dielectric coolant (40) to flow through the plurality of conduits (60). The battery pack (10) also includes a pump (70) mounted to the housing (20). The pump (70) is configured to circulate the dielectric coolant (40) between the housing (20) and the plurality of conduits (60). The plurality of conduits (60) is configured to dissipate heat from the dielectric coolant (40) into the ambient atmosphere.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to a battery pack, and more particularly to a system for cooling a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] A battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells interconnected with each other. The battery pack obtains the required voltage by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series. Connecting the battery cells in series causes the voltages of each battery cell to be superimposed, and finally the total terminal voltage is obtained. Similarly, the battery pack obtains the required current by connecting a plurality of battery cells in parallel. Due to the many advantages of stored electrical energy compared to the electrical energy generated by a fossil fuel-powered internal combustion engine, the use of battery packs as an energy source is becoming increasingly popular around the world. Therefore, battery packs are used to power a variety of electrical and electronic devices, including high-power consumption applications such as automobiles, work machinery, and power tools.

[0003] The battery pack is the energy source of an electric vehicle, and it provides the electrical energy required to drive the vehicle and drive auxiliary components. During the charge and discharge cycle of the battery pack, it releases a large amount of heat, causing the battery cells of the battery pack to heat up. Excessive temperature is harmful to the health of the battery cells because the heating of the battery cells will cause the capacity to decay faster and may lead to thermal runaway. The capacity decay of the battery cells will reduce the performance and lifespan of the battery pack. The thermal runaway of the battery cells further poses a huge safety risk because it may cause the battery pack to catch fire and explode. Ideally, regardless of the ambient temperature conditions, the temperature of the battery cells needs to be maintained between 25 degrees Celsius and 45 degrees Celsius to obtain the best performance, lifespan, and safety. To ensure the safe operation of the battery cells and the best battery lifespan, it is crucial to keep the temperature of each cell uniform and the best thermal state of the entire battery pack.

[0004] Generally, there are two types of cooling systems for battery packs: active cooling and passive cooling. Small-capacity battery packs usually only require passive cooling to keep their temperature below the upper threshold. However, large-capacity battery packs generate more heat, so active cooling needs to be adopted to keep their temperature below the upper threshold. Traditional passive cooling systems use conventional conduction-convection cooling to dissipate the heat generated inside the battery pack to the surrounding environment. Phase change materials (PCMs) can also be used to absorb the generated heat and gradually dissipate it to the surrounding environment. Active cooling systems usually use forced air cooling, that is, a continuous airflow is maintained on the surface of the battery pack to take away the heat; or liquid cooling, that is, the coolant circulates inside the battery pack to absorb the heat generated by the battery cells. Passive cooling methods are not effective in cooling the battery pack because the cooling efficiency decreases as the temperature of the battery pack increases. For PCMs, once all the PCMs melt due to heat absorption, the phase change stops and the heat absorption drops sharply. As the temperature of the battery pack gradually increases and the cooling efficiency decreases, these effects result in a very high battery temperature.

[0005] Therefore, the active cooling system has better performance and is more suitable for cooling higher-capacity battery packs. However, the active cooling systems in the prior art are bulky and occupy a large amount of space. In addition, a separate cooling system must be provided for heat dissipation. For example, a separate and bulky heat exchanger disposed outside the battery pack is usually used to cool the coolant used.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need in the art for a battery pack having a compact and efficient liquid cooling system to at least address the above problems and limitations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a battery pack. The battery pack includes a housing and a plurality of battery cells disposed within the housing. A plurality of ducts are disposed at the bottom of the housing and extend outside the housing. The plurality of ducts are configured to enable a dielectric coolant to flow therethrough. The battery pack further includes a pump mounted to the housing. The pump is configured to circulate the dielectric coolant between the housing and the plurality of ducts. The plurality of ducts are configured to dissipate heat from the dielectric coolant to the surrounding atmosphere.

[0008] In one embodiment, the housing includes a first cover member and a second cover member. The second cover member has a base wall and one or more side walls orthogonally extending from the base wall. The first cover member is coupled to the side walls of the second cover member to form the housing. The first cover member and the second cover member together define a cavity of the housing.

[0009] In one embodiment, the plurality of battery cells are received within the cavity and the plurality of battery cells are immersed in the dielectric coolant.

[0010] In one embodiment, the housing includes a plurality of fins integrally formed with the housing. The plurality of fins extend outside the cavity. The plurality of fins are disposed on the base wall of the second cover member and the plurality of fins are adapted to dissipate heat from the housing to the surrounding atmosphere.

[0011] In one embodiment, the plurality of ducts are disposed outside the cavity and are scattered between the plurality of fins, and the plurality of ducts are disposed on the base wall of the second cover member.

[0012] In one embodiment, the battery pack is oriented such that the plurality of fins and the plurality of ducts are along the incoming air flow. The incoming air flow is generated by moving air or forced air from a cooling fan.

[0013] In one embodiment, the plurality of fins are spaced apart and arranged parallel to each other. In another embodiment, the plurality of ducts include side tubes arranged parallel to the plurality of fins.

[0014] In one embodiment, the battery pack includes an inlet pipe that receives the dielectric coolant from the cavity and transfers the dielectric coolant to the plurality of conduits. The inlet pipe is disposed along an edge of the base wall of the second cover member. And the inlet pipe is orthogonal to the plurality of conduits.

[0015] In one embodiment, the battery pack includes an outlet pipe that receives the dielectric coolant from the plurality of conduits. The dielectric coolant returns from the outlet pipe to the cavity of the housing. The outlet pipe is disposed along another edge of the base wall of the second cover member and is opposite to the inlet pipe.

[0016] In one embodiment, the battery pack includes a first pipe member and a second pipe member. The first pipe member is adapted to transfer the dielectric coolant from the cavity of the housing to the pump. The second pipe member is adapted to transfer the dielectric coolant from the pump to the inlet pipe.

[0017] In another embodiment, the battery pack includes a third pipe member that is adapted to transfer the dielectric coolant from the outlet pipe to the cavity of the housing. In one embodiment, the third pipe member includes: a first connecting pipe for receiving the dielectric coolant from the outlet pipe; and a second connecting pipe for receiving the dielectric coolant from the first connecting pipe and transferring the dielectric coolant to the cavity.

[0018] In yet another embodiment, the pump causes the dielectric coolant to flow from the cavity to the inlet pipe, from the inlet pipe to the plurality of conduits, so as to flow through the side pipes into the outlet pipe, and return from the outlet pipe to the cavity.

[0019] In one embodiment, the plurality of battery cells disposed in contact with the housing dissipate heat to a plurality of fins and at the same time dissipate heat to the dielectric coolant surrounding the battery cells.

[0020] In another embodiment, each of the plurality of conduits is in thermal contact with at least one of the plurality of fins, so that heat from the dielectric coolant flowing through the corresponding conduit is dissipated to the corresponding fin, and at the same time heat from the dielectric coolant flowing through the corresponding conduit is dissipated to the surrounding atmosphere. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention will be referred to hereinafter, examples of which may be shown in the drawings. These drawings are intended to illustrate, not to limit. Although the present invention is generally described in connection with these embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to these particular embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 A top perspective view of an exemplary battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 2 A cross-sectional perspective view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 3 A bottom perspective view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Figure 4 A perspective view of a plurality of conduits, an inlet pipe, and an outlet pipe of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 5 A perspective view of a plurality of conduits, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and an exemplary pump of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0027] Figure 6 A top perspective view of the battery pack and an exemplary third pipe member of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0028] Figure 7 A top perspective view of the battery pack and an exemplary second cover member of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0029] Figure 8 A perspective view of a plurality of conduits, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, an exemplary first pipe member, an exemplary second pipe member, and a third pipe member is shown.

[0030] Figure 9 A perspective view of a plurality of conduits, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a pump of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, indicating the flow direction of the dielectric coolant. Detailed Description

[0031] From the further description given below, various features and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent.

[0032] The present invention generally relates to a battery pack, and more particularly to a system for cooling a battery pack. In the following exemplary embodiments, the battery pack is shown as an octagonal pyramid. However, the disclosure of the present invention can be applied to any battery pack capable of accommodating the subject matter of the present invention without exceeding the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 1A top perspective view of an exemplary battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The battery pack 10 includes a housing 20. The housing 20 includes a first cover member 22 and a second cover member 24. The second cover member 24 has a base wall 240 and one or more side walls 242. The one or more side walls 242 extend orthogonally from the base wall 240 to define a chamber between the base wall 240 and the one or more side walls 242 and an opening at an entrance of the chamber. The first cover member 22 is coupled to the side walls 242 to cover the opening of the chamber, thereby forming the housing 20 and defining a cavity 30 therein. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 20 is in the shape of an octagonal pyramid and has eight side walls 242 extending from the base wall 240.

[0034] Figure 2 A cross-sectional perspective view of the battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The battery pack 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 12 disposed in a dielectric coolant 40 inside the housing 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of battery cells 12 are cylindrical battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 12 can be any type of battery cells, including prismatic battery cells. In one embodiment, a battery holder is provided in the battery pack 10 for securely accommodating the plurality of battery cells 12. The battery holder can be integrally provided only with the first cover member 22 or only with the second cover member 24, or integrally provided with both the first cover member 22 and the second cover member 24. The plurality of battery cells 12 are immersed in the dielectric coolant 40. The dielectric coolant 40 allows for immersion cooling of the plurality of battery cells 12. The housing 20 has an airtight structure to hold the dielectric coolant 40 within the cavity 30 without leakage. In one embodiment, the plurality of battery cells 12 are completely immersed in the dielectric coolant 40. In another embodiment, the plurality of battery cells 12 are only partially immersed in the dielectric coolant 40. The battery pack 10 includes a plurality of conduits 60 for allowing the dielectric coolant 40 to flow through the plurality of conduits 60. The plurality of conduits 60 are also used to dissipate heat of the dielectric coolant 40 to the surrounding atmosphere. The plurality of conduits 60 are provided on the housing 20, outside the housing 20, i.e., outside the cavity 30 of the housing 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of conduits 60 are provided on the base wall 240 of the second cover member 24 and are in thermal communication with the surrounding atmosphere. In one embodiment, the plurality of conduits 60 are embedded in the base wall 240 and are in thermal communication with the base wall 240. In another embodiment, the plurality of conduits 60 are composed of a plurality of side tubes 62 (as Figure 4 shown). The side tubes 62 are arranged parallel to each other.

[0035] Figure 3Shows a bottom perspective view of a battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The housing 20 includes a plurality of fins 50 integrally formed with the housing 20. The plurality of fins 50 extend to the outside of the cavity 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of fins 50 are provided on the base wall 240 of the second cover member 24. The plurality of fins 50 are used to dissipate heat from the housing 20 to the surrounding atmosphere. In addition, the plurality of fins 50 are spaced apart from each other and arranged in parallel to achieve an optimal heat dissipation effect to the surrounding atmosphere. In one embodiment, the plurality of fins 50 are in the shape of a cube, with a rectangular cross-section, a straight longitudinal length, and the plurality of fins 50 are arranged parallel to each other. In yet another embodiment, the plurality of fins 50 are molded or machined on the housing 20 so as to be integrally formed with the housing 20, thereby achieving a minimum thermal resistance. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of fins 50 are molded or machined on the base wall 240 of the second cover member 24. Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in one embodiment, a plurality of conduits 60 (i.e., side tubes 62) are dispersed between the plurality of fins 50. In another embodiment, each side tube 62 is sandwiched between a pair of fins 50, and the side tubes 62 are arranged in parallel along the plurality of fins 50. In yet another embodiment, the battery pack 10 is oriented such that the plurality of fins 50 and the plurality of conduits 60 are arranged along the direction of the incoming air flow. This arrangement can achieve an optimal cooling efficiency because the flowing wind will carry away the heat of the plurality of fins 50 and the plurality of conduits 60. In one embodiment, the battery pack 10 is mounted on a vehicle such that the incoming air flow is generated by the flowing wind caused by the vehicle movement. The battery pack 10 can be mounted to align with the vehicle floor or in any other arrangement such that the incoming air flow flows parallel to the plurality of fins 50 and the plurality of conduits 60. In another embodiment, the incoming air flow is generated by a forced air flow generated by a cooling fan.

[0036] The battery pack 10 includes a pump 70 mounted on the housing 20. The pump 70 is used to circulate the dielectric coolant 40 between the cavity 30 and the plurality of conduits 60. In the illustrated embodiment, the pump 70 is mounted outside the housing 20. However, in one embodiment, the pump 70 can also be mounted inside the cavity 30. In addition, the pump 70 can be mounted to the first cover member 22 or the second cover member 24. In one embodiment, the pump 70 is fixed to the housing 20 by means of any type of fastener known in the art.

[0037] Figure 4A perspective view of a plurality of conduits 60, an inlet tube 80, and an outlet tube 82 of a battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The battery pack 10 includes an inlet tube 80. The inlet tube 80 receives a dielectric coolant 40 from a cavity 30 of a housing 20 and transmits the dielectric coolant 40 to the plurality of conduits 60. In one embodiment, a pump 70 receives the dielectric coolant 40 from the cavity 30 and pumps the dielectric coolant 40 into the inlet tube 80. The connection between the cavity 30, the pump 70, and the inlet tube 80 is an internal connection. In another embodiment, the inlet tube 80 is disposed along an edge of a base wall 240 of a second cover member 24. This arrangement allows the side tubes 62 to have a maximum length, which is beneficial for heat dissipation. In yet another embodiment, the inlet tube 80 is disposed orthogonally to the plurality of conduits 60. The inlet tube 80 and the plurality of conduits 60 (i.e., side tubes 62) are in fluid communication with each other and are internally connected. The battery pack 10 further includes an outlet tube 82 for receiving the dielectric coolant 40 from the plurality of conduits 60 and transmitting the dielectric coolant 40 to the pump 70. The dielectric coolant 40 returns from the pump 70 to the cavity 30 of the housing 20. In one embodiment, the outlet tube 82 is disposed along another edge of the base wall 240 such that it is opposite to the inlet tube 80. In one embodiment, the outlet tube 82 and the plurality of conduits 60 (i.e., side tubes 62) are in fluid communication with each other and are internally connected. In another embodiment, the outlet tube 82 is composed of a first section and a second section. The first section is disposed along another edge of the base wall 240 and is opposite to the inlet tube 80. The second section of the outlet tube 82 is bent along another edge of the base wall 240 and is disposed orthogonally to the plurality of conduits 60 and the first section of the outlet tube 82. This allows the dielectric coolant 40 to flow a longer distance, thereby dissipating more heat before being pumped back into the cavity 30.

[0038] Figure 5 A perspective view of a plurality of conduits 60, an inlet tube 80, an outlet tube 82, and an exemplary pump 70 of a battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 6 A top perspective view of a battery pack 10 and an exemplary third tube member 84 of the battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6, the battery pack 10 includes a third pipe member 84 for transferring the dielectric coolant 40 from the outlet pipe 82 to the cavity 30 of the housing 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the third pipe member 84 includes a first connecting pipe 86 and a second connecting pipe 88. The first connecting pipe 86 receives the dielectric coolant 40 from the outlet pipe 82. The second connecting pipe 88 receives the dielectric coolant 40 from the first connecting pipe 86 and transfers the dielectric coolant 40 to the cavity 30. One end of the first connecting pipe 86 is in fluid communication with the outlet pipe 82, and the other end is in fluid communication with the second connecting pipe 88. One end of the second connecting pipe 88 is in fluid communication with the first connecting pipe 86, and the other end is in fluid communication with the cavity 30 of the housing 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the first connecting pipe 86 is an L-shaped elbow. In the illustrated embodiment, the second connecting pipe 88 is a J-shaped elbow.

[0039] Figure 7 A top perspective view of a battery pack 10 and its exemplary second cover member 24 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 8 A perspective view of a plurality of conduits 60, an inlet pipe 80, an outlet pipe 82, an exemplary first pipe member 72, an exemplary second pipe member 74, and a third pipe member 84 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the first pipe member 72 is used to transfer the dielectric coolant 40 from the cavity 30 of the housing 20 to the pump 70. One end of the first pipe member 72 is in fluid communication with the cavity 30 of the housing 20, and the other end is in fluid communication with the pump 70. The second pipe member 74 is used to transfer the dielectric coolant 40 from the pump 70 to the inlet pipe 80. One end of the second pipe member 74 is in fluid communication with the pump 70, and the other end is in fluid communication with the inlet pipe 80. At its other end. In one embodiment, the connection joints between the cavity 30 and the first pipe member 72, the first pipe member 72 and the pump 70, the pump 70 and the second pipe member 74, the second pipe member 74 and the inlet pipe 80, the inlet pipe 80 and the plurality of conduits 60, the plurality of conduits 60 and the outlet pipe 82, the outlet pipe 82 and the third pipe member 84, and the third pipe member 84 and the cavity 30 are all joined by brazing to form a sealed airtight joint to prevent leakage of the dielectric coolant 40. In another embodiment, the inlet pipe 80, the plurality of conduits 60, the outlet pipe 82, the first pipe member 72, the second pipe member 74, and the third pipe member 84 all have the same cross-sectional area.

[0040] Figure 9A perspective view of a plurality of conduits 60, an inlet pipe 80, an outlet pipe 82, and a pump 70 of a battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the subject matter of the present invention is shown, indicating the flow direction of the dielectric coolant 40. Due to the low pressure generated in the inlet pipe 80, the pump 70 causes the dielectric coolant 40 to flow from the cavity 30 to the inlet pipe 80. The dielectric coolant 40 flows from the inlet pipe 80 into the plurality of conduits 60 and enters the outlet pipe 82 through the side pipe 62. The dielectric coolant 40 flows back from the outlet pipe 82 to the cavity 30. Thus, the dielectric coolant 40 in the cavity 30 absorbs the heat generated by the plurality of battery cells 12 and other heat-generating components of the battery pack 10 and is pumped through the plurality of conduits 60 to dissipate the heat into the surrounding environment, and the cooled dielectric coolant 40 returns to the cavity 30. In one embodiment, the pump 70 is adapted to start when the temperature of the battery pack exceeds a threshold temperature and continue to operate and pump the dielectric coolant 40 when the temperature of the battery pack 10 remains above the threshold temperature. To this end, a temperature monitoring system is provided within the battery pack 10. The temperature monitoring of the battery pack 10 and the start of the pump 70 are monitored by the electronic device (such as a battery management system) of the battery pack 10. In addition, the battery pack 10 can be installed horizontally, vertically, or inclined to achieve optimal heat dissipation and cooling efficiency.

[0041] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the plurality of battery cells 12 and the plurality of conduits 60 are suitable for two-way cooling. The plurality of battery cells 12 in contact with the housing 20 dissipate heat to the plurality of fins 50 while dissipating heat to the dielectric coolant 40 surrounding the battery cells 12. In one embodiment, the bottom of the battery cell 12 in contact with the base wall 240 dissipates heat to the plurality of fins 50, the plurality of conduits 60, and the dielectric coolant 40 through the base wall 240 simultaneously. Each of the plurality of conduits 60 is in thermal contact with at least one of the plurality of fins 50 so that the heat generated by the dielectric coolant 40 flowing through the corresponding conduit 60 can be dissipated to the corresponding fin 50. The conduit 60 sandwiched between a pair of fins 50 can dissipate heat to both fins 50 simultaneously. While dissipating heat to the corresponding fins 50, the plurality of conduits 60 can also simultaneously dissipate the heat generated by the dielectric coolant 40 flowing through the corresponding conduits 60 to the surrounding atmosphere.

[0042] Advantageously, the present invention provides a battery pack and an immersion cooling system for the battery pack. As described above, the claimed battery pack configuration is not conventional, traditional, or well-known in the art, as the claimed battery pack configuration is capable of providing the following solutions to the problems existing in the prior art. Specifically, the battery pack can efficiently cool the battery cells and other heat-generating components thereof, thereby improving battery performance, life, and safety. The immersion cooling system disclosed in the present invention does not require the use of a separate radiator, thereby achieving a compact structure of the battery pack. The radiator constitutes a part of the battery pack housing through fins integrally formed with the housing and a plurality of conduits embedded in the housing. Since the cooling system is integrally formed with the battery pack housing, this also ensures the modularity of the battery pack. The battery pack disclosed in the present invention can be used in any type of vehicle, including two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and heavy-duty power tools using large-capacity batteries that require active cooling. The battery pack also achieves two-way cooling by providing the maximum heat dissipation surface area, thereby improving the cooling efficiency. Other advantages include increased durability, improved aesthetics, improved ergonomics, reduced overall weight, reduced total number of parts used, and reduced overall cost.

[0043] Although the present invention has been described with respect to certain embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.

[0044] List of reference numerals:

[0045] 10 - Battery pack

[0046] 12 - Multiple battery cells

[0047] 20 - Housing

[0048] 22 - First cover member

[0049] 24 - Second cover member

[0050] 240 - Base wall

[0051] 242 - One or more side walls

[0052] 30 - Cavity of the housing

[0053] 40 - Dielectric coolant

[0054] 50 - Multiple fins

[0055] 60 - Multiple conduits

[0056] 62 - Side tube

[0057] 70 - Pump

[0058] 72 - First pipe member

[0059] 74 - Second pipe member

[0060] 80 - Inlet pipe

[0061] 82 - Outlet pipe

[0062] 84 - Third pipe member

[0063] 86 - First connecting pipe

[0064] 88 - Second connecting pipe.

Claims

1. A battery pack (10), the battery pack (10) comprising: A housing (20); A plurality of battery cells (12), the plurality of battery cells (12) being disposed within the housing (20); A plurality of ducts (60), the plurality of ducts (60) being disposed at the bottom of the housing (20) and extending out of the housing (20), the plurality of ducts (60) being configured to enable a dielectric coolant (40) to flow therethrough; and A pump (70) mounted to the housing (20), the pump (70) being configured to circulate the dielectric coolant (40) between the housing (20) and the plurality of ducts (60); Wherein, the plurality of ducts (60) are configured to dissipate heat from the dielectric coolant (40) to the surrounding atmosphere.

2. The battery pack (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The housing (20) includes: a first cover member (22); and a second cover member (24), the second cover member (24) having a base wall (240) and one or more side walls (242) orthogonally extending from the base wall (240), and the first cover member (22) being coupled to the side wall (242) of the second cover member (24) to form the housing (20) and defining a cavity (30) therein.

3. The battery pack (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The plurality of battery cells (12) are received within the cavity (30), and the plurality of battery cells (12) are immersed in the dielectric coolant (40).

4. The battery pack (10) according to claim 2, wherein, The housing (20) includes a plurality of fins (50) integrally formed with the housing (20) and extending out of the cavity (30), the plurality of fins (50) being disposed on the base wall (240) of the second cover member (24), and the plurality of fins (50) being configured to dissipate heat from the housing (20) to the surrounding atmosphere.

5. The battery pack (10) according to claim 4, wherein, The plurality of ducts (60) are disposed outside the cavity (30) and are dispersed between the plurality of fins (50), the plurality of ducts (60) being disposed on the base wall (240) of the second cover member (24).

6. The battery pack (10) according to claim 5, wherein, The battery pack (10) is oriented such that the plurality of fins (50) and the plurality of ducts (60) are along an incoming air flow, wherein the incoming air flow is generated by moving air or forced air from a cooling fan.

7. The battery pack (10) according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of fins (50) are spaced apart and arranged parallel to each other, and the plurality of ducts (60) include side tubes (62) arranged parallel to the plurality of fins (50).

8. The battery pack (10) according to claim 5, the battery pack (10) including an inlet tube (80), the inlet tube (80) being configured to receive the dielectric coolant (40) from the cavity (30) and transmit the dielectric coolant (40) to the plurality of ducts (60), the inlet tube (80) being disposed along an edge of the base wall (240) of the second cover member (24), and the inlet tube (80) being orthogonal to the plurality of ducts (60).

9. The battery pack (10) according to claim 8, wherein the battery pack (10) includes an outlet pipe (82) configured to receive the dielectric coolant (40) from the plurality of conduits (60), the dielectric coolant (40) returning from the outlet pipe (82) to the cavity (30) of the housing (20), and the outlet pipe (82) being disposed along another edge of the base wall (240) of the second cover member (24) and opposite to the inlet pipe (80).

10. The battery pack (10) according to claim 9, the battery pack (10) comprising: A first pipe member (72) configured to transfer the dielectric coolant (40) from the cavity (30) of the housing (20) to the pump (70); and a second pipe member (74) configured to transfer the dielectric coolant (40) from the pump (70) to the inlet pipe (80).

11. The battery pack (10) according to claim 9, wherein the battery pack (10) includes a third pipe member (84) configured to transfer the dielectric coolant (40) from the outlet pipe (82) to the cavity (30) of the housing (20).

12. The battery pack (10) according to claim 11, wherein, The third pipe member (84) includes: a first connecting pipe (86) configured to receive the dielectric coolant (40) from the outlet pipe (82); and a second connecting pipe (88) configured to receive the dielectric coolant (40) from the first connecting pipe (86) and transfer the dielectric coolant (40) to the cavity (30).

13. The battery pack (10) according to claim 9, wherein, The pump (70) causes the dielectric coolant (40) to flow from the cavity (30) to the inlet pipe (80), from the inlet pipe (80) to the plurality of conduits (60), so as to flow into the outlet pipe (82) through the side pipes (62), and return from the outlet pipe (82) to the cavity (30).

14. The battery pack (10) according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of battery cells (12) disposed in contact with the housing (20) are configured to dissipate heat to the plurality of fins (50), and at the same time are configured to dissipate heat to the dielectric coolant (40) surrounding the battery cells (12).

15. The battery pack (10) according to claim 5, wherein, Each of the plurality of conduits (60) is in thermal contact with at least one of the plurality of fins (50) so that heat from the dielectric coolant (40) flowing through the corresponding conduit (60) is dissipated to the corresponding fin (50), and at the same time is configured to dissipate heat from the dielectric coolant (40) flowing through the corresponding conduit (60) to the surrounding atmosphere.

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