Multidirectional synchronous composite loading device and loading forming method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing and material forming, in particular to a multidirectional synchronous composite loading device and a loading forming method.The loading device comprises an upper die plate and a lower die plate, a guide mechanism is arranged on the lower die plate, and toggle rod mechanisms and force bearing check blocks which are arranged towards a forming die in the center area of the guide mechanism are distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower die plate; the forming die is composed of an upper forming die body and a lower forming die body, the upper forming die body and the upper die plate have relative displacement in the vertical direction, the upper die plate is connected with punches penetrating through the die wall to an inner cavity of the upper die plate, the bearing check blocks are tightly attached to the side wall of the die to be positioned, two assembling bases of the toggle rod mechanism are rotationally connected, and one assembling base is fixedly connected with the upper die plate. And the other assembly seat is in sliding connection with the guide mechanism through a radial slide way, and when the upper die plate moves downwards, the punches arranged in multiple directions are driven to move towards the center of the cavity. According to the multi-directional special-shaped component forging device, multi-directional random-angle synchronous loading and high-precision forming are achieved, and the forging efficiency and quality of a multi-directional special-shaped component are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of metal processing and material forming, and in particular to a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device and a loading forming method. Background Art

[0002] Multi-directional special-shaped load-bearing components are widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as oil pipelines, aerospace, etc. due to their unique joint structural characteristics. However, traditional processing and manufacturing methods, such as direct cutting of forging billets, have significant problems of low material utilization and low processing efficiency, which greatly limits their large-scale application and performance improvement.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, multi-directional extrusion technology came into being. This technology uses a multi-directional forging device equipped with multiple groups of working cylinders to synchronously or asynchronously extrude the blank from multiple directions, thereby realizing efficient and high-performance forming of multi-directional special-shaped components. However, multi-directional extrusion technology still faces two major technical bottlenecks in practical applications: First, the versatility and flexibility of multi-directional forging equipment are poor, and its loading directions are mostly vertically or horizontally symmetrically distributed, which is difficult to meet the forming requirements of multi-directional special-shaped components distributed in any direction in space; second, multi-directional forging equipment requires precise control of the synchronous operation of multiple groups of hydraulic cylinders, which places extremely high requirements on the control accuracy and structural rigidity of the equipment, making it difficult to achieve precise loading control in different directions. In response to the above problems, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN111036814B discloses a "special-shaped multi-way joint multi-directional flexible loading integral forming device and method", which shows great application potential in the integral forming of multi-directional special-shaped complex components. The core principle is to use multiple sets of elbow transmission mechanisms to convert the movement of the press template into the axial movement of each punch along each pipe of the special-shaped multi-way joint, thereby realizing the coordinated loading of multiple punches in various directions.

[0004] However, despite the progress made in this technology, there are still the following problems to be solved: (1) The toggle mechanism has limited load-bearing capacity: The toggle mechanism is connected and transmits the forming load through a rotating shaft. Its load-bearing limit is limited by the size of the rotating shaft. When the required forming load is large, the rotating shaft may deform or even break, thereby affecting the forming quality of the component and the safety of the equipment.

[0005] (2) Difficulty in horizontal fixation of the forming die: During the multi-directional coordinated loading process, a large horizontal force will be generated, making it difficult to accurately position and fix the die and blank in the horizontal direction. This not only affects the accuracy of multi-directional synchronous loading, but may also have an adverse effect on the forming quality of the component.

[0006] (3)Difficulty in resetting the toggle mechanism after loading: After the forming process is completed, the forging cools and shrinks, which may tightly hold the punch, making it difficult for the toggle arm to be smoothly withdrawn from the loading channel. Forcibly withdrawing it may not only damage the toggle mechanism but also cause damage to the split die.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative technology or device that can solve problems such as poor load-bearing capacity of the toggle mechanism, difficulty in fixing the forming die in the horizontal direction, and difficulty in resetting the toggle mechanism after loading in the existing technology, so as to improve the forming efficiency and quality of multi-directional and irregular components. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device and a loading and forming method to solve problems such as poor load-bearing capacity of the toggle mechanism, difficulty in fixing the forming die in the horizontal direction, and difficulty in resetting the toggle mechanism after loading existing in the prior art.

[0009] The embodiments of this application can be implemented through the following technical solutions: A multi-directional synchronous composite loading device includes an upper template and a lower template. A guiding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the lower template, with at least two groups of toggle mechanisms and load-bearing blocks circumferentially distributed. The inner ends of all toggle mechanisms and load-bearing blocks are arranged towards the central area of the guiding mechanism. A forming die is installed in the central area of the guiding mechanism. The forming die includes an upper forming die and a lower forming die that are detachably and fixedly connected. The upper forming die and the upper template have a relative displacement in the vertical direction. The upper template and the toggle mechanisms are both fixedly connected with punches that pass through the wall surface of the forming die and extend into its cavity. The load-bearing blocks are closely attached to the side wall of the forming die and position it. The toggle mechanism includes two obliquely arranged and rotatably connected assembly seats. One assembly seat is fixedly connected to the upper template, and the other assembly seat with the punch connected to its inner side is slidably connected to the radial slideway of the guiding mechanism. When the upper template is driven downward, the multi-directionally arranged punches apply multi-directional composite loads to the central area of the cavity.

[0010] Further, the upper forming die and the upper template have a directional displacement in the vertical direction through a vertical guiding mechanism, and the guiding stroke of the vertical guiding mechanism is greater than the relative displacement of the upper forming die and the upper template in the vertical direction.

[0011] Further, the toggle mechanism includes an upper assembly seat, a lower assembly seat, and a toggle push arm. The two ends of the toggle push arm are respectively hinged to the lower part of the upper assembly seat and the upper outer side of the lower assembly seat to form a linkage structure for driving the radial sliding of the lower assembly seat. The punch connected to the inner end of the lower assembly seat is arranged horizontally. The setting direction of the load-bearing block is collinear with the radial resultant force direction of at least two of the toggle mechanisms in the horizontal loading direction, and the geometric center of the load-bearing block is located on the vector synthesis path of the horizontal radial component forces of the toggle mechanisms.

[0012] Further, a semi-circular bearing bush is fixed in the inner cavity of each of the assembly seats, and the end of the toggle push arm is embedded in the inner cavity of the assembly seat and forms a curved surface contact with the surface of the bearing bush.

[0013] Further, the end of the toggle push arm is rotatably connected to the assembly seat through a rotating shaft, and the shaft hole of the toggle push arm has a clearance fit with the rotating shaft.

[0014] Further, the upper assembly seat includes an upper assembly seat body and an upper assembly seat cover. An inner cavity for accommodating the end of the toggle push arm is provided in the upper assembly seat body. The upper assembly seat cover is connected to one side of the assembly seat body. An outer bearing ring is sleeved outside the rotating shaft arranged in the inner cavity, and the bearing ring is abutted against the side surface of the toggle push arm by the upper assembly seat cover.

[0015] Further, the end of the rotating shaft cooperating with the upper assembly seat extends through the wall surface of the upper assembly seat and is positioned outside as an operating rod. The outer end of the upper assembly seat is connected to the guiding mechanism through an elastic reset mechanism.

[0016] Further, the reset mechanism includes a first positioning plate, a spring, a second positioning plate, a nut and a bolt. One end of the bolt is fixedly connected to the second positioning plate through the nut, and the other end passes through the first positioning plate and is detachably and fixedly connected to the lower assembly seat. The first positioning plate is fixedly connected to the guiding mechanism. The spring is sleeved outside the bolt, and both ends respectively abut against the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate; The spring is configured to generate elastic deformation when the lower assembly seat is displaced relative to the guiding mechanism and provide a restoring force for resetting the lower assembly seat to the initial position.

[0017] This application also provides a multi-directional synchronous composite loading forming method. The blank is subjected to multi-directional synchronous composite loading by using the multi-directional synchronous composite loading device as described above, including the following parameter adjustment steps: According to the component forming parameters, set the number of toggle mechanisms, the relative positions of the toggle mechanisms circumferentially arranged along the guiding mechanism, and the loading directions and loading strokes of the punches, and adjust the connection positions, position angles, and dimensional parameters of the assembly seats and toggle push arms of the toggle mechanisms. The radial resultant force direction of the punches connected to the inner ends of the toggle mechanisms in the horizontal loading direction is collinear with the setting direction of the load-bearing block.

[0018] Further, based on the adjusted parameters, the blank is positioned and placed in the cavity of the forming die. After fixing the forming die, it is preheated. After the blank in the forming die is heated to the preset temperature, the press drives the upper template to move downward until it reaches the specified stroke and then holds the pressure. After the pressure holding is completed, the press moves upward, pushing the operating rod extending to the outside of the operating shaft to move upward. Under the action of the reset mechanism, the punch is driven to withdraw from the forming die, completing the demolding.

[0019] The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device and the loading and forming method provided by the embodiments of the present application at least have the following beneficial effects: In the present application, a balanced support system is formed by a plurality of sets of toggle mechanisms distributed circumferentially and the load-bearing blocks, which bears the horizontal resultant force generated by the multi-directional synchronous composite loading, ensures uniform force on the die during the forming process, reduces eccentric load deformation, and improves the loading accuracy and the forming quality of the component. In the present application, by utilizing the toggle mechanism that can change the loading direction and the force-increasing effect, the unidirectional loading is converted into synchronous loading in multiple set directions. By changing the length of the upper arm of the toggle and the initial angle, the loading requirements in any direction can be achieved, with strong versatility and flexibility, and the efficient integral forging forming of multi-directional special-shaped components can be realized.

[0020] The end of the toggle push arm in the present application is in arc surface contact with the assembly seat, and the forming load is directly transmitted through the installation mating surface. Compared with the force transmission by the rotating shaft, the force transmission contact area is increased, the risk of deformation and fracture of the rotating shaft is reduced, and the rigidity and ultimate load-bearing capacity of the toggle mechanism are significantly improved. In the present invention, a spring reset mechanism is arranged in the loading direction of the punch. After the forming is completed, the punch is withdrawn from the die cavity by the spring force, and the toggle mechanism is reset.

[0021] In summary, the present application can achieve synchronous loading in different directions under the action of uniaxial loading, can be applicable to multi-directional synchronous loading at any angle, high-precision forming and efficient demolding, and significantly improves the forging efficiency and quality of multi-directional special-shaped components. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device of the present application; Figure 2 、 Figure 3 are respectively the exploded state schematic diagrams of a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device of the present application from different perspectives; Figure 4 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the toggle mechanism in the present application; Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the toggle mechanism removing one end face of the assembly seat in the present application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the toggle push arm in this application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the guiding mechanism in this application; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the toggle mechanism and the reset mechanism cooperate with each other in this application.

[0023] The reference numerals in the figure 1 - upper template; 11 - sleeve; 12 - chain; 2 - lower template; 21 - column; 22 - T-shaped groove; 3 - guiding mechanism; 31 - wedge-shaped slide rail; 32 - positioning groove; 4 - toggle mechanism; 41 - upper assembly seat; 411 - upper assembly seat body; 412 - upper assembly seat cover; 413 - upper bearing bush; 42 - lower assembly seat; 421 - lower assembly seat body; 422 - lower assembly seat cover; 423 - lower bearing bush; 424 - dovetail groove; 43 - toggle push arm; 431 - toggle; 432 - hemispherical upper shaft arm; 433 - hemispherical lower shaft arm; 44 - rotating shaft; 45 - bearing ring; 5 - load-bearing stop block; 6 - forming die; 61 - upper forming die; 62 - lower forming die; 7 - punch; 8 - reset mechanism; 81 - first positioning plate; 82 - spring; 83 - second positioning plate; 84 - nut; 85 - bolt; 9 - vertical guiding mechanism. Specific embodiments

[0024] Hereinafter, this application will be further described based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In addition, for the convenience of understanding, various components in the drawings are enlarged or reduced, but this approach is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application.

[0026] Singular forms of words also include plural meanings, and vice versa.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship, it is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the products in the embodiments of this application are usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to this application. In addition, in the description of this application, in order to distinguish different units, the first, second, etc. are used in this specification, but these are not restricted by the manufacturing sequence and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the detailed description and claims of this application, their names may be different.

[0028] The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application. It should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "arranged", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be specifically understood.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device for the present application. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 They are respectively schematic diagrams of a disassembled state of a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device for the present application from different perspectives. As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a multi-directional synchronous composite loading device includes an upper template 1 and a lower template 2. A guiding mechanism 3 is connected to the lower template 2. A toggle mechanism 4 and a load-bearing block 5 distributed along the circumference are arranged on the guiding mechanism 3. The number of the toggles 4 is at least two. The inner ends of at least two of the toggle mechanisms 4 and the load-bearing block 5 are all arranged towards the central area of the guiding mechanism 3. A forming die 6 is arranged in the central area of the guiding mechanism 3. The forming die 6 includes an upper forming die 61 and a lower forming die 62 which are detachably and fixedly connected. The upper forming die 61 is arranged below the upper template 1. The lower forming die 62 is fixedly connected to the guiding mechanism 3. A cavity is formed between the upper forming die 61 and the lower forming die 62 after being closed. Punches 7 are fixedly connected in the horizontal direction below the upper template 1 and at the inner ends of the toggle mechanisms 4. Each of the punches 7 passes through the wall surface of the forming die 6 and inserts into the cavity. The load-bearing block 5 supports the side wall of the forming die 6. The load-bearing block 5 is used to resist the resultant force load generated by at least two of the toggle mechanisms 4 in the horizontal direction.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the upper template 1 is detachably connected to the upper forming die 61 through a chain 12. The chain 12 can rigidly suspend the upper forming die 61 and also enable a relative displacement in the vertical direction between the upper template 1 and the upper forming die 61. When the workpiece needs to be taken out after blank forming, the upper template 1 is connected to the upper forming die 61. When the upper template 1 moves downward for stamping, the chain 12 can be removed.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, the upper template 1 and the lower template 2 are connected by a vertical guiding mechanism 9. The vertical guiding mechanism 9 includes a sleeve 11 fixedly connected to the lower part of the upper template 1 and a column 21 fixedly connected to the upper part of the upper template. The sleeve 11 is sleeved outside the column 21 to form a sliding pair, and the length of the column 21 fitted and connected inside the sleeve 11 is greater than the length of the chain 12, which is used to directionally guide the relative displacement of the upper template 1 in the vertical direction. That is to say, when the upper forming die 61 and the lower forming die 62 are fixedly connected, since the top of the upper forming die 61 and the upper template 1 are connected by the chain 12, even if the upper template 1 has a vertical displacement relative to the upper forming die 61, the upper template 1 can still displace along the established path, ensuring that the punch 7 connected to the upper template 1 can still accurately enter the cavity of the forming die 6 through the channel at the top of the upper forming die 61.

[0032] Furthermore, the toggle mechanism 4 includes two mounting seats and a toggle push arm 43. The mounting seats are respectively an upper mounting seat 41 and a lower mounting seat 42. The upper mounting seat 41 is fixedly connected to the upper template 1, the lower mounting seat 42 is slidably connected to the upper along the radial slideway of the guiding mechanism 3, and the inner end of the lower mounting seat 42 facing the forming die 6 is connected to the punch 7. The upper mounting seat 41 is connected to the upper oblique side of the outer end of the lower mounting seat 42 through the toggle push arm 43. The two ends of the toggle thrust arm 43 are respectively rotatably connected to the upper mounting seat 41 and the lower mounting seat 42, so that when the upper template 1 displaces downward from top to bottom, it can drive the horizontally arranged punch 7 to act, realizing efficient transmission and precise control of power, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of the forming process.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments, the punch 7 connected to the inner end of the lower mounting seat 42 is arranged horizontally. The setting direction of the bearing block 5 is collinear with the radial resultant force direction of at least two toggle mechanisms 4 in the horizontal loading direction. The geometric center of the bearing block 5 is located on the vector synthesis path of the horizontal radial component forces of each toggle mechanism 4, so that the bearing block 5 can bear the horizontal resultant force generated by multi-directional synchronous composite loading, ensuring the force balance of the device in the horizontal direction.

[0034] Furthermore, when the press drives the upper template 1 to move downward, the toggle push arm 43 pushes the lower mounting seat 42 to slide radially inward along the guiding mechanism 3, synchronously driving the punches 7 in the horizontal and vertical directions to apply multi-directional composite loads to the central area of the cavity, so as to realize synchronous driving of multi-directional punches to apply force, and improve the forming accuracy and quality of the workpiece.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments, to improve the problem of poor load-bearing capacity of the toggle mechanism 4, the structure of the toggle mechanism 4 is further optimized in this application, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown. Taking the upper mounting seat 41 as an example, the end of the toggle push arm 43 is in arc contact with the inner cavity of the upper mounting seat 41. The end of the toggle push arm 43 is embedded in the groove of the mounting seat and is rotatably connected to the mounting seat through a rotating shaft 44. Among them, a radial clearance of 0.5-1.0 mm is reserved between the shaft hole of the toggle push arm 43 and the rotating shaft 44 to form a clearance fit. During the loading process, the arc surface of the toggle push arm 43 is in direct contact with the inner cavity of the mounting seat, and the stress is dispersed through the surface contact method. The rotating shaft 44 only plays a positioning role and does not bear the main load. When the reset is required after the loading is completed, the rotating shaft 44 realizes the angle adjustment of the toggle push arm 43 through the looseness of the clearance fit. This structure not only retains the high load-bearing advantage of arc surface force transmission but also avoids the stress concentration problem caused by traditional rigid connection through the clearance fit.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, to prevent the rotating shaft 44 from moving axially during the force application process, a bearing ring 45 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft 44. The upper mounting seat 41 includes an upper mounting seat body 411 and an upper mounting seat cover 412. An inner cavity for accommodating the end of the toggle push arm 43 is provided in the upper mounting seat body 411. The upper mounting seat cover 412 is connected to one side of the upper mounting seat body 411 and presses the bearing ring 45 against the side surface of the toggle push arm 43, forming a double anti-axial movement structure through the radial positioning of the bearing ring 45 and the axial constraint of the upper mounting seat cover 412.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments, a semi-circular upper bearing bush 413 is embedded in the inner cavity of the upper mounting seat body 411. The upper bearing bush 413 is made of a high-strength copper-based alloy material, and oil storage grooves are evenly machined on its inner wall and are circumferentially positioned and connected to the upper mounting seat body 411 through a clamping step. The upper bearing bush 413 forms a precise curved surface contact with the outer arc surface of the toggle push arm 43. The upper bearing bush 413 is used to reduce the frictional resistance of the contact and absorb the impact load.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the lower mounting seat 42 has the same overall structure as the upper mounting seat 41. The lower mounting seat 42 includes a lower mounting seat body 421, a lower mounting seat cover 422, and a lower bearing bush 423. The difference is that a dovetail groove 424 is opened at the bottom of the lower mounting seat body 421. Correspondingly, a wedge-shaped sliding rail 31 adapted to the dovetail groove 424 is also opened on the guiding mechanism 3, as Figure 7 shown. One end of the wedge-shaped sliding rail 31 communicates with the end of the guiding mechanism 3, and the other end extends toward its central region.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 7 shown, a plurality of positioning grooves 32 are also formed on the guiding mechanism 3. Correspondingly, a plurality of T-shaped grooves 22 distributed along the circumferential direction of the lower template 2 are further formed on the lower template 2. The positioning bolts are clamped on the positioning grooves 32 through the T-shaped grooves 22 for positioning and installing the guiding mechanism 3 on the lower template 2.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 6 shown, the toggle push arm 43 is of a split structure. The toggle push arm 43 includes a toggle 431, a hemispherical upper shaft arm 432, and a hemispherical lower shaft arm 433. The hemispherical upper shaft arm 432 and the hemispherical lower shaft arm 433 are detachably and fixedly connected to both ends of the toggle 431, which is used to facilitate the separate replacement of local components after wear and reduce the maintenance cost.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, to facilitate the reset of the toggle mechanism 4 after loading, the present application also creatively provides a reset mechanism 8. The outer end of the upper assembly seat 41 is connected to the guiding mechanism 3 through the elastic reset mechanism 8. At the same time, the end of the rotating shaft 44 is set to extend outward through the side wall of the upper assembly seat 41 and is positioned outside as an operating rod. By pulling the rotating shaft 44 obliquely upward, with the assistance of the reset mechanism 8, the toggle mechanism 4 can be reset, and the reset position of the toggle mechanism 4 can be positioned under the action of the reset mechanism 8.

[0042] Specifically, as Figure 1 , Figure 8 shown, the reset mechanism 8 includes a first positioning plate 81, a spring 82, a second positioning plate 83, a nut 84, and a bolt 85. One end of the bolt 85 is fixedly connected to the second positioning plate 83 through the nut 84, and the other end passes through the first positioning plate 81 and is detachably and fixedly connected to the lower assembly seat 42. The first positioning plate 81 is fixedly connected to the guiding mechanism 3. The spring 82 is sleeved outside the bolt 85, and both ends thereof respectively abut against the first positioning plate 81 and the second positioning plate 83. The spring 82 is configured to generate elastic deformation when the lower assembly seat 42 displaces relative to the guiding mechanism 3 and provide a restoring force for resetting the assembly seat 42 to the initial position.

[0043] When the toggle mechanism 4 is loaded, the lower assembly seat 42 slides radially along the guiding mechanism 3 to compress the spring 82 for energy storage. After the loading is completed, the operating rod outside the rotating shaft 44 is pulled to rotate the toggle push arm 43 around the axis to the initial position, and the spring 82 releases the elastic potential energy to push the second positioning plate 83 to reset, assisting the toggle mechanism 4 to reset after the loading is completed.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, an insulating plate is sleeved outside the forming die 6. The insulating plate has an upper and lower split structure. When hot forming processing is adopted, the heat transfer at the contact part between the toggle mechanism 4 and the forming die 6 is isolated by the insulating plate, preventing the toggle mechanism 4 from being heated and reducing its load-bearing capacity.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments, the forming die 6 is further provided with jacks for accommodating heating rods, and the forming die can be heated by the heating rods.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the present application further provides a multi-directional synchronous composite loading forming method. The above multi-directional synchronous composite loading device is used to perform multi-directional synchronous composite loading on the blank, including the following steps: Parameter adjustment: According to the component forming parameters, set the number of the toggle mechanisms 4, the relative positions of the respective toggle mechanisms 4 circumferentially arranged along the guiding mechanism 3, the loading directions and loading strokes of the respective punches 7, and adjust the connection positions, position angles, and dimensional parameters of the respective assembly seats of the toggle mechanism 4 and the toggle push arms 43. The radial resultant force direction of the punches 7 connected to the inner ends of the respective toggle mechanisms 4 in the horizontal loading direction is collinear with the setting orientation of the load-bearing blocks 5.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, based on the adjusted parameters, the following loading and forming steps are further included: Position and place the blank in the cavity of the forming die 6, fix the forming die 6 and preheat it. After the blank in the forming die 6 is heated to the preset temperature, the press drives the upper template 1 to move downward until it is loaded to the preset stroke and then holds the pressure. After the pressure holding ends, the press moves upward, pushing the operating rod extending outside the operating shaft 44 to move upward, and under the action of the reset mechanism 8, driving the punch 7 to withdraw from the forming die 6 to complete demolding.

[0048] The following takes a multi-directional special-shaped component with a length, width, and height of 150 mm, 140 mm, and 120 mm respectively, having structural features in four different directions, with angles of 30°, 45°, 50°, and 60° respectively with the horizontal plane, outer diameters of Φ40 mm, Φ45 mm, Φ40 mm, and Φ50 mm in different directions, depths of 40 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm, and 40 mm respectively, and a wall thickness of 3 mm as an example to describe the loading and forming steps in detail.

[0049] Step 1: According to the forming requirements of the multi-directional structural features, design the loading strokes of the punches 7 to be 18 mm, 20 mm, 19 mm, and 18 mm respectively, and design four groups of toggle mechanisms 4. The included angles of the four groups of toggle mechanisms 4 distributed along the horizontal loading direction after transformation are 30°, 45°, 50°, and 60° respectively.

[0050] Step 2: Determine that the lengths of the hemispherical upper shaft arms 432 of the toggle mechanisms 4 are 140 mm, 160 mm, 145 mm, and 140 mm respectively, and the initial angles between the hemispherical upper shaft arms 432 and the horizontal plane are 43°, 47°, 44°, and 43° respectively, so as to determine the hinged positions of the hemispherical upper shaft arms 432 and the upper mounting seat 41 relative to the upper template 1.

[0051] Step 3: Install the forming die 6, lock the forming die 6 on the lower template 2, install the load-bearing block 5 in the direction of the resultant load, and position the upper template 1 and the lower template 2 through the guiding mechanism 3. Install the upper mounting seat 41 at the set position on the upper template 1, place the lower mounting seat 42 on the wedge-shaped slide rail 31 of the guiding mechanism 3, and sequentially install the bearing bush and the toggle push arm 43, so that the end of the toggle push arm 43 is completely attached to the arc end face of the mounting seat through the bearing bush, and insert the rotating shaft 44 that matches the hemispherical upper shaft arm 432 to complete the assembly of each upper mounting seat 41.

[0052] Step 5: Install the punches 7 at the ends of the lower mounting seats 42 of the toggle mechanisms 4 respectively, move each lower mounting seat 42 to the preset initial loading position so that the punches 7 can move smoothly on the loading channels in the forming die, and adjust the height of the upper template 1 to make the toggle push arm 43 contact the bearing bush in the inner cavity of the lower mounting seat 42, and insert the rotating shaft 44 that matches the hemispherical lower shaft arm.

[0053] Step 6: Put the blank into the forming die 6, tighten the bolts to lock the forming die 6, cover the heat insulation and heat preservation sleeve on the surface of the forming die 6, turn on multiple heating rods to heat the forming die 6 and the blank inside it. When the blank and the die are preheated to 150°C - 200°C, spray graphite emulsion on the inner surface of the cavity of the forming die 6 and the surface of the punches 7 as a lubricant.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments, in order to directly observe the real-time temperature of the blank, it can be set to insert a thermocouple into contact with the blank to measure the real-time temperature of the blank.

[0055] Step 7: When the blank is heated to the specified forming temperature, the press descends at a speed of 2 mm / s until the preset stroke is loaded, and then holds the pressure for 30 s.

[0056] Step 8: After the forming is completed, the press ascends, pushing the operating rod extending to the outside of the operating rotating shaft 44 to move upward, and under the action of the reset mechanism 8, driving the punches 7 to withdraw from the forming die 6 to complete the demolding.

[0057] Step 9: Open the die after the forming die 6 cools down, and take out the component.

[0058] The specific embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and modifications can still be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-directional synchronous composite loading device, comprising an upper template (1) and a lower template (2), characterized in that: A guiding mechanism (3) is fixedly arranged on the lower template (2), and at least two groups of toggle mechanisms (4) and load-bearing blocks (5) are circumferentially distributed thereon, and the inner ends of all the toggle mechanisms (4) and the load-bearing blocks (5) are arranged towards the central area of the guiding mechanism (3). A forming die (6) is installed in the central area of the guiding mechanism (3). The forming die (6) comprises an upper forming die (61) and a lower forming die (62) which are detachably and fixedly connected. The upper forming die (61) and the upper template (1) have a relative displacement amount in the vertical direction. The upper template (1) and the toggle mechanism (4) are both fixedly connected with a punch (7) that passes through the wall surface of the forming die (6) and extends into its cavity. The load-bearing block (5) is closely attached to the side wall of the forming die (6) and positions it; The toggle mechanism (4) comprises two obliquely arranged and rotatably connected mounting seats. One of the mounting seats is fixedly connected with the upper template (1), and the other mounting seat with the punch (7) connected to its inner side is slidably connected with the radial slideway of the guiding mechanism (3); When the upper template (1) is driven to move downward, the multi-directionally arranged punches (7) apply a multi-directional composite load to the central area of the cavity.

2. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper forming die (61) and the upper template (1) are displaced in the vertical direction through a vertical guiding mechanism (9), and the guiding stroke amount of the vertical guiding mechanism (9) is greater than the relative displacement amount of the upper forming die (61) and the upper template (1) in the vertical direction.

3. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toggle mechanism (4) comprises an upper mounting seat (41), a lower mounting seat (42) and a toggle push arm (43). The two ends of the toggle push arm (43) are respectively hinged to the lower part of the upper mounting seat (41) and the upper outer side of the lower mounting seat (42) to form a linkage structure for driving the radial sliding of the lower mounting seat (42). The punch (7) connected to the inner end of the lower mounting seat (42) is arranged in the horizontal direction; The setting direction of the load-bearing block (5) is collinear with the radial resultant force direction of at least two toggle mechanisms (4) in the horizontal loading direction, and the geometric center of the load-bearing block (5) is located on the vector synthesis path of the horizontal radial component forces of each toggle mechanism (4).

4. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Semicircular bearing bushes are fixedly arranged in the inner cavities of all the mounting seats. The end part of the toggle push arm (43) is embedded in the inner cavity of the mounting seat and forms a curved surface contact with the surface of the bearing bush.

5. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end part of the toggle push arm (43) is rotatably connected with the mounting seat through a rotating shaft (44), and the shaft hole of the toggle push arm (43) has a clearance fit with the rotating shaft (44).

6. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 5, wherein: The upper mounting seat (41) includes an upper mounting seat body (411) and an upper mounting seat cover (412). An inner cavity for accommodating the end of the toggle push arm (43) is provided in the upper mounting seat body (411). The upper mounting seat cover (412) is connected to one side of the mounting seat body (411). A bearing ring (45) is sleeved outside the rotating shaft (44) disposed in the inner cavity, and the bearing ring (45) is abutted against the side surface of the toggle push arm (43) by the upper mounting seat cover (412).

7. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 5, wherein: The end of the rotating shaft (44) cooperating with the upper mounting seat (41) extends through the wall surface of the upper mounting seat (41) and is positioned outside as an operating rod. The outer end of the upper mounting seat (41) is connected to the guiding mechanism (3) through an elastic reset mechanism (8).

8. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to claim 7, wherein: The reset mechanism (8) includes a first positioning plate (81), a spring (82), a second positioning plate (83), a nut (84) and a bolt (85). One end of the bolt (85) is fixedly connected to the second positioning plate (83) through the nut (84), and the other end passes through the first positioning plate (81) and is detachably and fixedly connected to the lower mounting seat (42). The first positioning plate (81) is fixedly connected to the guiding mechanism (3). The spring (82) is sleeved outside the bolt (85), and both ends thereof respectively abut against the first positioning plate (81) and the second positioning plate (83); The spring (82) is configured to generate elastic deformation when the lower mounting seat (42) is displaced relative to the guiding mechanism (3), and provide a restoring force for resetting the lower mounting seat (42) to the initial position.

9. A multi-directional synchronous composite loading and forming method, which uses the multi-directional synchronous composite loading device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 above to perform multi-directional synchronous composite loading on a blank, including the following parameter adjustment steps: Set the number of toggle mechanisms (4) according to the component forming parameters, the relative positions of the respective toggle mechanisms (4) circumferentially arranged along the guiding mechanism (3), and the loading directions and loading strokes of the respective punches (7), and adjust the connection positions, position angles, and dimensional parameters of the respective mounting seats and toggle push arms (43) of the toggle mechanism (4). The radial resultant force direction of the punches (7) connected to the inner ends of the respective toggle mechanisms (4) in the horizontal loading direction is collinear with the set orientation of the load-bearing block (5).

10. The multi-directional synchronous composite loading and forming method according to claim 9, characterized in that, It further includes the following steps: Based on the adjusted parameters, position and place the blank in the cavity of the forming die (6), fix the forming die (6) and preheat it; After the blank in the forming die (6) is heated to the preset temperature, the press drives the upper template (1) to move downward until it is loaded to the preset stroke and then holds the pressure; After the pressure holding is completed, the press moves upward, pushing the operating rod extending to the outside of the operating shaft (44) to move upward, and under the action of the reset mechanism (8), driving the punch (7) to withdraw from the forming die (6) to complete demolding.

Images