Method for producing surface metallized ceramic particles and ceramic wear parts

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of surface metallized ceramic particles and the preparation method of ceramic wear-resistant fittings, mainly solve the technical problems such as high cost, poor product performance, low yield etc. existing in the preparation method of existing ceramic composite material.Therein, the preparation method of surface metallized ceramic particles includes: preparing volume ratio 0.5-1.5:8.5-9.5 of coating alloy and ceramic particles, coating alloy includes mass ratio 15-40:60-80:0-10 of active metal, auxiliary welding metal, fluxing metal;Ceramic particles and coating alloy are mixed and loaded into coating reaction tube, in turn through vacuumizing, heating, injecting reducing gas and / or protective gas, vacuumizing again, heating to 900-1250 DEG C, so that the surface oxide of auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal is completely reduced, vacuumizing again, heating to 900-1250 DEG C, so that coating alloy is melted, and then through heat preservation, room temperature, obtain surface metallized ceramic particles.The method is short in time, low in energy consumption, and higher in production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing ceramic wear-resistant parts, specifically to a method for preparing surface-metallized ceramic particles, and a method for preparing ceramic wear-resistant parts based on these ceramic particles. Background Technology

[0002] In numerous industries such as mining, cement production, thermal power generation, building sand production, metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental protection, construction, and dredging, a large number of crushing equipment, grinding equipment, tunneling equipment, dredging equipment, as well as pumps and pipelines for conveying mud and mortar are widely used. Their main function is to crush, grind, or transport raw materials through pipelines. Under high-intensity working conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and high friction environments, the steel working parts of these devices usually suffer severe wear, resulting in short equipment lifespan and high maintenance costs.

[0003] To improve the service life of wear-resistant parts for the aforementioned equipment, extend maintenance cycles, and reduce maintenance costs, technicians have attempted to combine ceramic and metallic materials to form ceramic composite materials, aiming to obtain high-performance wear-resistant parts. Existing technologies primarily employ molybdenum-manganese sintering, centrifugal self-propagating technology, and silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide technology to synthesize ceramic composite materials. However, these methods still have many limitations in practical applications. For example, while the molybdenum-manganese sintering process can improve the bonding strength between ceramics and metals, it is complex, costly, and produces products with limited bonding strength. Centrifugal self-propagating technology improves the wear resistance of ceramic linings, but its density is poor, making the ceramics prone to cracking at low temperatures, and it is difficult to fabricate pipes with complex shapes. While silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide technology offers excellent wear resistance, it has poor impact resistance, is difficult to manufacture, and has a low yield.

[0004] In summary, existing methods for preparing ceramic composite materials all have certain shortcomings. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new method for preparing ceramic composite materials to overcome these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of existing molybdenum-manganese sintering processes being complex, costly, and having limited bonding strength of the products; or the technical problems of existing centrifugal self-propagating technology having poor density, being prone to cracking, and being difficult to manufacture complex-shaped pipes; or the technical problems of existing silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide technology having high manufacturing difficulty and low yield. Therefore, this invention provides a method for preparing surface-metallized ceramic particles and ceramic wear-resistant parts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for preparing surface-metallized ceramic particles, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, prepare the coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:8.5-9.5; the coating alloy includes active metal, auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal with a mass ratio of 15-40:60-80:0-10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium and chromium; the auxiliary welding metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, nickel and boron; the fluxing metal is an alloy containing copper and titanium and having a melting point lower than 1000℃, preferably copper-silver-titanium-boron alloy, copper-silver-titanium alloy, copper-titanium alloy or copper-titanium alloy containing 20%-50% titanium; the ceramic particles are at least one of alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si2N4), sialon, titanium carbide reinforced alumina (TiC-Al2O3 composite), titanium carbide reinforced silicon carbide (TiC-SiC composite), titanium carbide reinforced silicon nitride (TiC-Si3N4 composite) and silicon carbide reinforced alumina (SiC-Al2O3 composite), and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.3-6mm;

[0009] Step 2, mix the ceramic particles and the coating alloy, then load them into a coating reaction tube, seal the coating reaction tube or load the coating reaction tube into a sealed system, and extract the gas in the coating reaction tube through a gas extraction tube to make the vacuum degree 0.1-10Kpa, then heat the coating reaction tube to 200-300℃;

[0010] Step 3, inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube through a gas injection tube to dilute the residual air and reduce the metal surface oxides, at the same time, slowly increase the temperature and extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmosphere, until the temperature is increased to 300-700℃, after the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fluxing metal are reduced, the gas injection tube is closed, at this time, the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fluxing metal are basically completely reduced;

[0011] Step 4, extract the gas in the coating reaction tube through the gas extraction tube, keep the internal vacuum degree 0.1-5Kpa, then keep the absolute vacuum degree stable, heat it to 900-1250℃ according to the temperature rising curve to make the coating alloy melt, keep the temperature for 15-60 minutes, then reduce it to room temperature, to obtain the surface metallized ceramic particles, load the surface metallized ceramic particles into a sealed anti-oxidation bag or mix them with anti-oxidation protective agent, for standby use.

[0012] Further, in step 1, the content of titanium metal in the coating alloy is 18%-30%, experiments show that when the content of titanium in the coating alloy is about 18%-30%, the connection strength with the ceramic particles is the highest and the energy consumption is the least.

[0013] Further, step 2 is specifically as follows: after mixing the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is closed, and the cladding reaction tube is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the cladding reaction tube is extracted through an air extraction pipe, the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube is 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then the cladding reaction tube is heated to 200-300℃ by the high-temperature sintering furnace.

[0014] Further, step 2 is specifically as follows: after mixing the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is closed, and the cladding reaction tube is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the cladding reaction tube is extracted through an air extraction pipe, the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube is 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then the cladding reaction tube is heated to 200-300℃ by the high-temperature sintering furnace.

[0015] Further, step 2 is specifically as follows: after mixing the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is closed, and the cladding reaction tube is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the cladding reaction tube is extracted through an air extraction pipe, the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube is 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then the cladding reaction tube is heated to 200-300℃ by the high-temperature sintering furnace.

[0016] Further, step 2 is specifically as follows: after mixing the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is closed, and the cladding reaction tube is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the cladding reaction tube is extracted through an air extraction pipe, the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube is 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then the cladding reaction tube is heated to 200-300℃ by the high-temperature sintering furnace.

[0017] In addition, the mixture of the ceramic particles and the cladding alloy can also be directly loaded into a vacuum reaction tank with a rotating function, the vacuum reaction tank is closed, the vacuum reaction tank is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the air extraction pipe and the air injection pipe are connected with the vacuum reaction tank, when the temperature is raised, the rotating system of the vacuum reaction tank is started, and the vacuum reaction tank is slowly and reversely reciprocating rotated, so that the internal materials are uniformly heated and cladded.

[0018] Meanwhile, the application also provides a preparation method of the surface metalized ceramic wear-resistant accessory, which comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: according to the shape and size of the wear-resistant accessory, a forming cavity and a pressing mold matched with the forming cavity are made; the shape of the forming cavity is matched with the shape of the wear-resistant accessory, and the volume of the forming cavity is larger than the volume of the wear-resistant accessory, so that the material can be compressed and filled in the pressing process; the pressing mold is used to press the forming cavity from outside to inside, so that the inner cavity of the forming cavity is contracted;

[0020] For complex or large volume fittings, the forming cavity can be divided into multiple small cavities, respectively made and then welded together to form a whole forming cavity. For simple or small volume fittings: multiple forming cavities can be made in one piece, and then cut into individual pieces after completion. In addition, metal inserts can be installed in the forming cavity. The metal inserts play three roles during production: first, as a wear-resistant fitting connecting piece with the main machine; second, for connecting the split fittings; third, for preventing deformation of large-area fittings. The use of metal inserts provides great convenience for the installation, connection and loading of wear-resistant fittings.

[0021] Step 【2】: prepare the gold-ceramic mixture and load it into the forming cavity. After filling, seal the forming cavity;

[0022] The gold-ceramic mixture includes gold-ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 3.5-5.5:1.5-5:1-3. The gold-ceramic particles are surface metallized ceramic particles, or the gold-ceramic particles include clean ceramic particles and surface metallized ceramic particles in a volume ratio of 0-0.8:9.2-10. The surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the above-mentioned method. The clean ceramic particles are selected from at least one of alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, and boron carbide, and the particle size of the clean ceramic particles is 0.08-0.3 mm. The metal material is metal particles and / or metal powder, wherein the metal particles are at least one of carbon steel alloy, stainless steel, manganese steel alloy, chromium steel alloy, and nickel steel alloy, and are subjected to annealing softening treatment to ensure appropriate mechanical properties and forming ability during subsequent processing. The metal particles are particles with a particle size of 0.5-2.5 mm and / or metal wires with a diameter of 0.3-1 mm and a length of 1.5-3 mm. The metal powder is a metal, metal alloy, or reducible metal oxide powder with a melting point higher than the highest temperature during the production of the wear-resistant fitting. The brazing metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and boron.

[0023] Step 【3】: adjust the vacuum degree in the forming cavity and place it in a high-temperature furnace to heat it to a preset temperature. The forming cavity is pressed and shaped by a pressing mold to obtain a wear-resistant fitting semi-finished product. The preset temperature is 20-200℃ higher than the melting point of the highest material in the brazing metal or the gold-ceramic particle coating alloy.

[0024] Step 【4】: according to the preset process requirements, sequentially heat treat, cut, weld, and finish the wear-resistant fitting semi-finished product to obtain a surface metallized ceramic wear-resistant fitting.

[0025] Further, in step 【2】, when the wear-resistant part needs to be locally reinforced, a reinforcing cermet mixture is prepared separately, and the reinforcing cermet mixture comprises cermet particles, metal materials and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 5.2-6.2:0-1.5:3-3.8.

[0026] Further, step 【3】 is specifically:

[0027] 3.1, the gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the exhaust pipe until the vacuum degree reaches 0.05-0.2 atm, then the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and / or the protective gas are filled into the forming cavity until the vacuum degree is equal to 1 atm;

[0028] 3.2, the forming cavity is heated to a preset temperature by the high-temperature furnace and then is kept at the temperature, so that the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity is kept consistent; during the heating and keeping, the air pressure in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm;

[0029] 3.3, the exhaust pipe is closed, and the forming cavity which has reached the preset temperature is put into the pressing mold for pressure setting and shaping, so that the wear-resistant part semi-product is obtained.

[0030] Further, in step 【1】, the forming cavity comprises a cavity shell and a cavity cover connected with the cavity shell;

[0031] The exhaust pipe is arranged on the cavity shell or the cavity cover and is used for exhausting the gas in the cavity, and an isolation net is arranged at the joint of the exhaust pipe and the cavity shell or the cavity cover, so as to prevent material loss;

[0032] Alternatively, the exhaust pipe is arranged on the cavity shell or the cavity cover, and an overflow bin is connected with the exhaust pipe, the overflow bin is communicated with the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe and is used for collecting the excess material, so as to ensure that the material in the forming cavity is uniformly distributed; an isolation net is arranged at the inlet of the overflow bin;

[0033] In step 3.2, the high-temperature furnace adopts the segmented heating and segmented pressurizing mode during the heating process;

[0034] In step 3.3, during the pressure setting and shaping process, the overflow bin is always communicated with the forming cavity and is kept warm; at the same time, the forming cavity is cooled from the end far away from the overflow bin by the temperature control system, and the cooling rate is controlled, so as to prevent the deformation or cracks caused by thermal stress.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) The method for preparing surface metallized ceramic particles of the present application, by using active metal to coat ceramic particles, and causing the active metal to react with the ceramic particles in a vacuum environment at 900-1250 DEG C, to form surface metallized ceramic particles. The method has lower sintering temperature and shorter sintering time than the traditional molybdenum-manganese method, greatly reducing energy consumption.

[0037] (2) In the preparation of surface metallized ceramic particles, the present application introduces a low melting point fluxing metal, which accelerates the melting speed of the active metal and the auxiliary welding metal, and lowers their relative melting points. The fluxing metal melts at a lower temperature, causing other metals to melt faster and react with the ceramic, forming an extended droplet zone, further improving the melting speed of the coating alloy, reducing energy consumption, and improving equipment efficiency.

[0038] (3) The present application coats active metal alloy on the surface of ceramic particles to form surface metallized ceramic particles, which are used to manufacture wear-resistant parts. This method significantly improves the wear resistance of the parts, and can optimize the ratio of active metal and auxiliary welding metal according to needs, improve the connection strength and wear resistance, and reduce the manufacturing cost. In addition, this process shortens the reaction time, reduces energy consumption, and optimizes production efficiency.

[0039] (4) The present application calculates the amount of coating alloy according to the particle size of the ceramic particles to ensure uniform coating thickness; at the same time, different output methods are used according to the production demand of ceramic particles, especially by using a vacuum reaction tank that can rotate and a coating reaction tube placed in the vacuum reaction tank, to avoid unevenness of the material when heated, and ensure that the mechanical properties of the surface metallized ceramic particles produced are uniform.

[0040] (5) The present application uses reducing gas and / or protective gas during the coating process, which can effectively remove oxygen and reduce the residual amount of nitrogen, thereby protecting the active metal and avoiding its reaction with oxygen and nitrogen to affect the performance of the product; at the same time, it can also eliminate the oxidation layer on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal, improve the coating strength, and effectively control the production cost.

[0041] (6) The surface metallized ceramic particles prepared by the present application have excellent performance, for example, the connection strength of Cu-Ni-Ti alloy and silicon nitride ceramic can reach 298 MPa, far exceeding the traditional molybdenum-manganese method. However, due to the high content of unreacted titanium element in the coating alloy, the coating alloy has poor toughness and high brittleness. In the preparation of wear-resistant parts, high-temperature pressing and brazing metal fusion will effectively change the distribution and content of titanium element in the brazing alloy, greatly improving the flexibility and impact resistance of the material, which is not achieved by the prior art.

[0042] (7)The present application ensures uniform distribution of the material at high temperature, eliminates the cavities and pinholes in the forming cavity, thereby improving the quality and brazing effect of the wear-resistant parts, and ensuring higher wear resistance and stability of the parts during use.

[0043] (8)In the preparation of the wear-resistant parts, during the heating of the forming cavity to the set maximum temperature, the metal particles in the forming cavity are gradually deformed under extrusion, so that they can be closely fitted with the surrounding gold porcelain particles, gradually improving the density of the material, and ensuring the uniformity and density of the final product.

[0044] (9)The present application can use metal powder to replace part or all of the metal particles, which can improve the fluidity of the gold porcelain mixture, greatly reduce the pressing strength and manufacturing difficulty, and the process is particularly suitable for manufacturing large and complex shape wear-resistant parts, ensuring uniform internal structure and higher quality.

[0045] (10)In the process of pressure production, the overflow bin can collect excess gold porcelain mixture to prevent defects caused by volume shrinkage during cooling. During cooling, the gold porcelain mixture in the overflow bin can be supplemented into the parts to ensure the perfect shape of the finished product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 The tool structure schematic diagram for sintering surface metallized ceramic particles in embodiment one of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0047] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the forming cavity and the pressing die for preparing wear-resistant flat guard plate in embodiment one of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0048] Figure 3 The cross section comparison schematic diagram of the forming cavity before and after pressing in embodiment one of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0049] Figure 4 The tool structure schematic diagram for sintering surface metallized ceramic particles in embodiment two of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0050] Figure 5 The cross section structure schematic diagram of the forming cavity in embodiment two of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0051] Figure 6 The tool structure schematic diagram for sintering surface metallized ceramic particles in embodiment three of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0052] Figure 7 The structure schematic diagram of the forming cavity and the pressing die in embodiment three of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0053] Figure 8 Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming cavity of the wear-resistant gold porcelain ball in the fourth embodiment of the present application before being closed;

[0054] Figure 9 Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming cavity of the wear-resistant gold porcelain ball in the fourth embodiment of the present application when being pressed;

[0055] Figure 10 Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the horizontal sintering furnace for sintering the surface metallized ceramic particles in the fifth embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 11 Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of the horizontal sintering furnace for sintering the surface metallized ceramic particles in the fifth embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 12 Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming cavity and the pressing die in the fifth embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 13 Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the structure of the forming cavity in the sixth embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 14 Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming cavity before being welded in the sixth embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 15 Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming cavity in the sixth embodiment of the present application in a layered sectional view;

[0061] Figure 16 Fig. 12 is a horizontal sectional view of the rotary pressing forming cavity in the seventh embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 17 Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotary pressing forming cavity in the seventh embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 18 Fig. 14 is a horizontal sectional view of the composite die set pressing forming cavity in the eighth embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 19 Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming cavity in the eighth embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 20 Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of several wave-shaped steel strips used in the eighth embodiment of the present application.

[0066] The reference signs are explained as follows:

[0067] 1-coated reaction tube; 2-ceramic mixture; 3-tube cover; 4-exhaust pipe; 5-injection pipe; 6-gold ceramic mixture; 7-cavity shell; 8-cavity cover; 9-isolation net; 10-exhaust pipe; 11-extrusion movable die; 12-extrusion fixed die; 13-overflow bin; 14-heating furnace; 15-first welded seal; 16-second welded seal; 17-elongated sintering furnace; 18-vacuum sintering furnace; 19-circular sintering furnace; 20-horizontal sintering furnace; 21-cavity pressure movable die; 22-cavity pressure forming die set; 23-ejector rod; 30-vacuum reaction tank; 31-drawing pressure forming die set; 32-arc surface roller; 41-cavity pressure arc movable die; 42-cavity pressure arc forming die set; 43-cavity pressure arc ejector rod; 50-horizontal vacuum reaction tank; 51-rotary precession expanding pipe pressing fixed die; 52-expanding pipe pressing rotary movable die; 53-expanding pipe roller; 54-reaction tank rotating shaft; 55-rotating shaft support seat; 56-horizontal sintering furnace door; 61-cavity pressure fixed die; 62-cavity pressure movable die; 63-cavity pressure center pressing die; 64-enclosure; 65-rotating shaft connecting piece; 66-shaping sand; 71-rotary movable die; 72-rotary internal support fixed die; 73-rotary roller; 81-inner expanding pipe pressing die; 82-expanding roller; 83-outer shrinking pipe pressing die; 751-first outer pipe; 752-first inner pipe; 761-back plate outer shell; 762-back plate inner shell; 763-blade shell; 764-front plate inner shell; 765-front plate outer shell; 771-second inner pipe; 772-second outer pipe; 781-outer sleeve pipe; 782-inner sleeve pipe; 783-undulating steel strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the objectives, advantages and features of the present application clearer, the following further describes the present application in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Embodiment One

[0070] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing surface metallized ceramic particles, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step 1, preparing coated alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.68:9.32, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from alumina with a particle size of 2.2-2.5 mm; the coated alloy is selected from active metal, auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal with a mass ratio of 25:73:2; the active metal is titanium (powder), the auxiliary welding metal is copper (powder), and the fluxing metal is copper-titanium alloy particles containing 20% titanium.

[0072] Step 2, as Figure 1As shown, the ceramic particles selected in step 1 are mixed with the cladding alloy to obtain ceramic mixture 2. A small amount of adhesive can be added to the ceramic mixture to adhere the powder to the particles. The adhesive should have good heating, decomposition, volatilization, no residue, and no effect on the surface metallization of the ceramic particles. Then, ceramic mixture 2 is loaded into cladding reaction tube 1, which is closed with tube cover 3. Cladding reaction tube 1 is connected to gas extraction tube 4 and gas injection tube 5, and is placed in elongated sintering furnace 17. The gas extraction equipment is connected to gas extraction tube 4 and gas injection tube 5 to adjust the vacuum degree of cladding reaction tube 1. The gas in cladding reaction tube 1 is extracted through gas extraction tube 4 to maintain a vacuum degree of 0.1-10 Kpa in cladding reaction tube 1. Cladding reaction tube 1 is heated to 250°C by elongated sintering furnace 17. Gas extraction tube 4 and gas injection tube 5 can be installed separately to continuously control the gas in cladding reaction tube 1, or can be installed together to alternately and intermittently control the gas in cladding reaction tube 1.

[0073] Step 3: Reducing gas and / or protective gas is slowly injected into cladding reaction tube 1 through gas injection tube 5, and the heating is continued. At the same time, the excess gas in cladding reaction tube 1 is extracted by the gas extraction equipment to maintain a vacuum degree of 1 atm in cladding reaction tube 1. When the temperature rises to 650°C, the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary filler metal and the fluxing metal are completely reduced, and gas injection tube 5 is closed.

[0074] Step 4: The gas in cladding reaction tube 1 is extracted through gas extraction tube 4 to maintain a vacuum degree of 0.1-5 Kpa in cladding reaction tube 1. The vacuum degree is kept stable, and cladding reaction tube 1 is heated to 1100°C according to the temperature curve to melt the cladding alloy. The cladding alloy is kept at 1100°C for 15 minutes to allow the composite reaction between the cladding alloy and the surface of the ceramic particles. Then, the temperature is lowered to room temperature to obtain surface metallized alumina ceramic particles, which are loaded into a sealed anti-oxidation bag for use.

[0075] The present embodiment has a lower sintering temperature and a shorter sintering time than the traditional molybdenum-manganese method, which greatly reduces energy consumption. For example, a copper-titanium alloy containing about 20% titanium metal is used, which has a low melting point (870-920°C), so that the subsequent process can be completed below 1000°C, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the equipment requirements.

[0076] The present embodiment takes a wear-resistant flat guard plate (arc-shaped guard plate) based on the above surface metallized alumina ceramic particles as an example to introduce its preparation method. The length of the wear-resistant flat guard plate is 800 mm, the cross section is a rectangular structure with a width of 400 mm and a thickness of 25 mm, and the volume ratio of alumina ceramic particles in the wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant flat guard plate is 35-38%. The specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0077] Step 【1】: making the forming cavity and the pressing mold

[0078] Making the forming cavity: extruding a long strip-shaped thin-walled round tube with a wall thickness of 1 mm, a diameter of 270 mm, and a length slightly greater than 4000 mm into a cavity shell 7 with a rectangular structure and a cross-sectional thickness of 35 mm; then reducing one end of the cavity shell 7 to a rectangular tube opening with a cross-sectional size of 400 mm in width and 25 mm in thickness (as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 ). Then, according to the shape and size of the tube openings at both ends of the cavity shell 7, two cavity covers 8 capable of being embedded into the corresponding tube openings are made, respectively, and one of the cavity covers 8 with a larger size is provided with an exhaust pipe 10 with a overflow bin 13, which is in communication with the cavity shell 7 through the exhaust pipe 10, and a separation net 9 is installed at the interface between the exhaust pipe 10 and the cavity shell 7. The other cavity cover 8 with a smaller size is embedded into the tube opening at the other end of the cavity shell 7, and then the first welding seal 15 and the second welding seal 16 are used to weld the two cavity covers 8 and the cavity shell 7 together to form a sealed forming cavity.

[0079] For wear-resistant parts with simple shape or small volume, multiple forming cavities can be connected together for integrated production, and then cut into independent individuals, which can simplify the production steps, improve the production efficiency, and be suitable for mass production.

[0080] For complex or large-volume wear-resistant parts, the sealed forming cavity can be divided into multiple small cavities, which are made separately and then welded together, which greatly reduces the difficulty of making large and complex parts, and realizes the simple production of complex parts and the small-scale manufacturing of large parts.

[0081] Making the pressing mold for the sealed forming cavity: making the extrusion movable mold 11 and the extrusion fixed mold 12 with segmented precession displacement and fixed thickness, and the final width of the extrusion movable mold 11 and the extrusion fixed mold 12 is 400 mm and the thickness is 25 mm, which is consistent with the size requirement of the wear-resistant flat plate.

[0082] Step 【2】: preparing the uniformly mixed gold-ceramic mixture 6 according to the proportion requirement, and then loading the gold-ceramic mixture 6 into the forming cavity, and sealing the forming cavity after filling.

[0083] The gold-ceramic mixture 6 of the embodiment is gold-ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 3.5:4.5:2, wherein the gold-ceramic particles are the aforementioned surface metallized alumina ceramic particles prepared by the method; the metal materials include 50% of metal particles and 50% of metal powder, wherein the metal particles are copper-plated 45 steel particles with a particle size of 1.8-2 mm and need to be annealed and softened, and the metal powder is steel powder with a particle size of 320 μm; and the brazing metal is copper powder or copper particles.

[0084] The gold-ceramic mixture 6 is filled into the cavity shell 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8, and during the filling process, the gold-ceramic mixture 6 is vibrated, rammed or machine-pressed so as to be densely filled in the cavity shell 7; after being filled, the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell 7 are welded together by two-stage welding to form a sealed forming cavity.

[0085] Step 【3】: starting gas control and heating

[0086] The displacement gas is extracted from the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe 10, and when the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and the protective gas are filled into the forming cavity, and when the vacuum degree reaches 0.8-1 atm.

[0087] The forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace 14 for heating and warming up until the set maximum temperature 1100℃ is reached, and then the temperature is kept constant, so that the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity is uniform; during the warming up, the vacuum degree in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm.

[0088] The exhaust pipe 10 is closed, and the forming cavity which has reached the preset maximum temperature is placed in the extrusion movable mold 11 and the extrusion fixed mold 12 for pressure setting. During the pressure setting, the overflow bin 13 needs to be always connected with the forming cavity, and at the same time, the overflow bin 13 is kept warm to ensure that the excess material can be smoothly discharged during the pressure setting. In addition, during the setting process, the overflow bin 13 needs to be cooled from the position far away from the overflow bin 13 (i.e. the overflow bin 13 is cooled last), and the cooling rate is controlled to prevent deformation or cracks caused by thermal stress, and finally the wear-resistant flat guard plate semi-finished product is obtained.

[0089] Step 【4】: post-processing

[0090] According to the preset process requirements, the wear-resistant flat guard plate semi-finished product is sequentially subjected to heat treatment, cutting, welding and finishing, so as to obtain the wear-resistant flat guard plate finished product. The heat treatment is used to improve the mechanical properties and internal structure of the material; the cutting, welding and finishing are used to ensure that the finished product meets the design requirements and use standards.

[0091] The above preparation method is also applicable to wear-resistant curved guard plates and integrated wear-resistant ball (rod) mill liner plates.

[0092] Example Two

[0093] The embodiment provides a preparation method of surface metallized ceramic particles, comprising the following steps:

[0094] Step 1, prepare the coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.63:9.37, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from alumina with a particle size of 2.5-2.8 mm; the coating alloy is selected from active metal, auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal with a mass ratio of 21:77:2; the active metal is titanium powder, the auxiliary welding metal is copper powder, and the fluxing metal is copper-titanium alloy containing 20% titanium.

[0095] Step 2, as shown in Figure 4 , mix the ceramic particles selected in step 1 and the coating alloy uniformly to obtain ceramic mixture 2, and load the ceramic mixture 2 into the coating reaction tube 1; then place the coating reaction tube 1 in the vacuum sintering furnace 18 and arrange it uniformly; then connect the air exhaust pipe 4 and the air injection pipe 5 on the vacuum sintering furnace 18 to the corresponding equipment; close the vacuum sintering furnace 18; exhaust the gas in the coating reaction tube 1 through the air exhaust pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1-10 Kpa; heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 280℃ through the vacuum sintering furnace 18.

[0096] Step 3, slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum sintering furnace 18 and the coating reaction tube 1 through the air injection pipe 5, and continue to heat slowly; at the same time, use the air exhaust vacuum equipment to exhaust the excess gas in the vacuum sintering furnace 18 and the coating reaction tube 1, and synchronously keep the vacuum degree in the furnace always equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 600℃, after the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fluxing metal are completely reduced, close the air injection pipe 5.

[0097] Step 4, exhaust the gas in the coating reaction tube 1 through the air exhaust 4 equipment to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1-5 Kpa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100℃ according to the temperature rising curve to make the coating alloy melt; keep the temperature for 25 minutes to make the coating alloy and the ceramic particles on the surface react; then cool down to room temperature to obtain the surface metallized alumina ceramic particles, and load them into airtight anti-oxidation bags or coat anti-oxidation isolating agent for use.

[0098] This embodiment takes the wear-resistant ball mill liner based on the above-mentioned surface metallized alumina ceramic particles as an example to introduce its preparation method. The wear-resistant ball mill liner is a rectangular structure with a length of 600 mm, a cross-section of a rectangle with a width of 350 mm and an average thickness of 65 mm, and the alumina ceramic particles in the wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant ball mill liner account for 35-38% of the volume ratio. The specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0099] Step 【1】, making a forming cavity and a pressing mold

[0100] Making a forming cavity: as shown in Figure 5A long strip round pipe with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, a diameter of 265 mm and a length of 600 mm is made into a cuboid cavity shell 7 with a cavity thickness greater than 65 mm, and the two ends of the cavity shell 7 are respectively made into rectangular pipe mouths with a cross section of 350 mm wide and 65 mm thick, and a head is made for each of the two pipe mouths, one end of the pipe mouth is sealed with the head, the middle part of the cavity shell 7 is provided with an exhaust pipe 10 and an isolation net 9 at the interface between the exhaust pipe 10 and the cavity shell 7, and the head at the other end of the pipe mouth is used as a cavity cover, which is sealed and connected with the cavity shell 7 to form a sealed forming cavity in use.

[0101] The pressing die is made: the pressing die is a cavity pressure type forming die set 22 with an ejection rod 23 and a cavity pressure type movable die 21, and the final sizing size is 600 mm×350 mm×65 mm.

[0102] Step 【2】: uniformly mixed gold porcelain mixture 6 is prepared according to the proportioning requirement, and then the gold porcelain mixture 6 is filled into the forming cavity, and the forming cavity is sealed after being filled.

[0103] The gold porcelain mixture 6 of the embodiment is gold porcelain particles, metal materials and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 4:3:3, wherein the gold porcelain particles are clean ceramic particles and the aforementioned surface metallized aluminum oxide ceramic particles in a volume ratio of 0.8:9.2; the metal particles selected for the metal materials are chromium 12 steel particles with a particle size of 1.5-1.8 mm and need to be annealed; and the brazing metal is copper (powder).

[0104] First, the fixed metal part of the wear-resistant ball mill liner is installed in the corresponding position in the forming cavity, and then the above-mentioned gold porcelain mixture 6 is filled into the cavity shell 7 from the cavity cover 8 position, and in the filling process, the gold porcelain mixture 6 is densely filled in the cavity shell 7 by vibration and tamping or machine pressing during filling; after being filled, the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell 7 are welded together to form a sealed forming cavity.

[0105] Step 【3】: start gas control and heating

[0106] The gas is replaced, and the gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the exhaust pipe 10 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, and then the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and the protective gas are filled into the forming cavity until the pressure reaches 0.5-0.8 atm.

[0107] The forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace 14 for heating and warming up until the set maximum temperature 1100℃ is reached, and then the temperature is kept constant, so that the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity is uniform, and during the warming up period, the vacuum degree in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm.

[0108] The gas in the molding cavity is extracted, and then the exhaust pipe 10 is sealed. The molding cavity, which has reached the preset maximum temperature, is placed into the cavity pressure molding mold group 22 for pressure shaping to obtain the wear-resistant ball mill liner semi-finished product.

[0109] Step [4] Post-processing

[0110] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, wear-resistant ball mill liners are obtained.

[0111] The above preparation method is also applicable to wear-resistant arc-shaped protective plates and integral wear-resistant ball (rod) mill liners.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] This embodiment provides a method for preparing surface-metallized ceramic particles, including the following steps:

[0114] Step 1: Prepare three combinations of coating alloy and ceramic particles: a volume ratio of coating alloy to 5.8–6 mm ceramic particles of 0.5:9.5; a volume ratio of coating alloy to 1.8–2 mm ceramic particles of 0.75:9.25; and a volume ratio of coating alloy to 0.8–1 mm ceramic particles of 1.05:8.95. The coating alloy is a titanium-copper-nickel alloy powder, comprising an active metal and a soldering metal in a mass ratio of 39:61. The active metal is titanium, and the soldering metal is copper and nickel in a mass ratio of 34:27. The ceramic particles are silicon nitride and / or silicon carbide particles.

[0115] Step 2, as follows Figure 6 As shown, the three combinations selected in step 1 are mixed evenly to obtain three sets of ceramic mixtures 2, which are then loaded into the corresponding coating reaction tubes 1. All the coating reaction tubes 1 are then loaded into the vacuum reaction vessel 30 in an orderly manner, and the vacuum reaction vessel 30 is sealed. The vacuum reaction vessel 30 is then placed into the circular sintering furnace 19. Next, the gas extraction pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5 on the vacuum reaction vessel 30 are connected to the corresponding equipment. The gas in the vacuum reaction vessel 30 and the coating reaction tubes 1 are extracted through the gas extraction pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tubes 1 0.1~10Kpa. The coating reaction tubes 1 are heated to 200℃ through the circular sintering furnace 19.

[0116] Step 3: Use the gas injection pipe 5 to slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum reaction vessel 30 and the coating reaction tube 1, and continue heating to slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use the evacuation pipe 4 to extract the excess gas from the vacuum reaction vessel 30 and the coating reaction tube 1, and keep the vacuum degree in the vacuum reaction vessel 30 equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 700℃, after the oxide on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal is completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5.

[0117] Step 4: Extract the gas from the vacuum reaction vessel 30 and the coating reaction tube 1 through the evacuation pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1-5 kPa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1250℃ according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy; keep it at this temperature for 20-25 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles; then cool it to room temperature to obtain three sets of surface metallized ceramic particles, which are then placed in a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coated with an anti-oxidation release agent for later use.

[0118] This embodiment takes a gold-ceramic nail (a metal-ceramic composite nail replacing a tungsten nail) based on the aforementioned surface-metallized ceramic particles as an example. This gold-ceramic nail has a diameter of... Gold-ceramic nails, made of copper alloy composite silicon nitride or silicon carbide ceramics with a length of 35mm to 50mm, are mainly used for embedding in wear-resistant crushing equipment, pressure rollers, grinding rollers, and tunneling teeth, and can replace tungsten nails. The preparation method of these gold-ceramic nails is as follows:

[0119] Step [1]: Make the molding cavity and pressing mold (e.g.) Figure 7 (As shown)

[0120] Fabricating a sealed molding cavity: using a diameter greater than A 2mm thick steel straight tube is used to form a one-piece sealed molding cavity. One end of the molding cavity is sealed by welding with a cavity cover 8, and an exhaust pipe 10 is installed on the other end of the cavity cover 8. An overflow bin 13 is installed on the exhaust pipe 10. Figure 2 (Same as above), the molding cavity is cleaned or rust-proofed.

[0121] Making a pressing mold: making a mold with... The arc surfaces of the upper and lower circular arc surfaces of the roller pressing roller 32 are formed by a pressing die assembly 31, the final diameter of which is...

[0122] Step [2]: Prepare a uniformly mixed gold-ceramic mixture 6 according to the required proportions, and then load the gold-ceramic mixture 6 into the molding cavity.

[0123] In this embodiment, the gold-ceramic mixture 6 is composed of gold-ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metal in a volume ratio of 4.5:3.8:1.7. The gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles prepared by the aforementioned method, with particles of 5.8-6 mm accounting for 8-10% of the volume, particles of 0.8-1 mm accounting for 30-32% of the volume, and particles of 1.8-2 mm accounting for 5-6% of the volume. The metal material is selected from annealed and softened chromium 12 steel particles with a particle size of 1-1.2 mm. The brazing metal is a copper-nickel alloy powder in a mass ratio of 90:10.

[0124] The gold porcelain mixture 6 is filled into the forming cavity from the position of the cavity cover 8. During the filling process, the gold porcelain mixture 6 is vibrated, rammed and pressed to be densely filled in the forming cavity shell. After the cavity is filled, the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell 7 are welded together by two-stage welding to form a sealed forming cavity.

[0125] Step 3, vacuumizing and heating

[0126] The gas in the forming cavity is replaced by the exhaust pipe 10 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, and the exhaust is stopped. The reducing gas and the protective gas are filled into the forming cavity until the vacuum degree reaches 0.6-0.9 atm.

[0127] The forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace 14 to heat and warm up until the set maximum temperature 1200℃ is reached, and then the temperature is kept uniform. During the heating period, the vacuum degree in the forming cavity is kept at 1 atm. The exhaust pipe 10 is closed, and the forming cavity which has reached the preset maximum temperature is placed in the pressure forming mold group 31 to be pressed and shaped to obtain the wear-resistant gold porcelain nail semi-finished product.

[0128] Step 4, post-processing

[0129] According to the post-processing mode of Example 1, the wear-resistant gold porcelain nail finished product is obtained according to the preset process requirements. The wear-resistant gold porcelain nail is embedded in the gold porcelain nail mounting hole on the pressure roller, the grinding roller, the crushing equipment, and the digging tooth, and the wear-resistant pressure roller sleeve, the grinding roller sleeve, the crushing workpiece, and the digging tooth equipment are obtained.

[0130] Example Four

[0131] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing surface metallized ceramic particles, comprising the following steps:

[0132] Step 1, prepare two combinations of coating alloy and ceramic particles, respectively: the volume ratio of coating alloy to 5.8-6mm ceramic particles is 0.5:9.5; the volume ratio of coating alloy to 0.5-0.8mm ceramic particles is 1.25:8.75; the ceramic particles are selected from alumina particles; the coating alloy is composed of active metal, auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal with a mass ratio of 25:74:1; the active metal is titanium powder; the auxiliary welding metal is copper powder; the fluxing metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% titanium.

[0133] Step 2, mix the two combinations selected in Step 1 uniformly to obtain two groups of ceramic mixtures 2, and then put them into the corresponding coating reaction tubes 1; then put all the coating reaction tubes 1 into the vacuum sintering furnace 18 and arrange them uniformly Figure 4(as shown); then connect the gas extraction pipe 4 and gas injection pipe 5 on the vacuum sintering furnace 18 to the corresponding equipment; seal the vacuum sintering furnace 18; extract the gas in the vacuum sintering furnace 18 and the coating reaction tube 1 through the gas extraction pipe 4, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 is 0.1~10Kpa; heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 300℃ through the vacuum sintering furnace 18.

[0134] Steps 3 and 4 are the same as steps 3 and 4 in Example 2, resulting in two sets of surface-metallized alumina ceramic particles, which are then placed in sealed anti-oxidation bags or coated with anti-oxidation release agents for later use.

[0135] This embodiment uses a wear-resistant ceramic ball based on the aforementioned surface-metallized alumina ceramic particles as an example. This wear-resistant ceramic ball can replace the steel balls used in ball mills, and its specifications are as follows: diameter... The preparation method of the metal-composite alumina ceramic gold-ceramic ball is described below:

[0136] Step [1]: Making the molding cavity and pressing mold

[0137] Creating the molding cavity: such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a long strip-shaped cylindrical tube with a wall thickness of 2mm, a diameter of 160mm (smaller than the diameter of the ceramic ball to be made), and an appropriate length is used to make the forming cavity. First, the two ends of the long strip-shaped cylindrical tube are heated and shrunken to form an approximately elliptical can-shaped cavity shell 7 with holes at both ends. Then, two end caps are made according to the hole diameter as cavity covers 8. One cavity cover 8 is welded to the bottom of the cavity shell 7 by two-stage welding, and the other cavity cover 8 is drilled and welded to the other end of the cavity shell 7. This section is connected to an exhaust pipe 10. In use, the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell 7 are sealed to form a sealed forming cavity.

[0138] Fabrication of the pressing mold: Fabrication of a cavity-pressing arc-shaped forming mold assembly 42, comprising a cavity-pressing arc-shaped ejector rod 43 and a cavity-pressing arc-shaped moving mold 41, the final shape of which is the diameter. It is the same size as the gold ceramic ball.

[0139] Step [2]: Prepare a uniformly mixed gold-ceramic mixture 6 according to the required proportions, and then fill the molding cavity with the gold-ceramic mixture 6. After filling the cavity, seal the molding cavity.

[0140] In this embodiment, the gold-ceramic mixture 6 is a mixture of gold-ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metal in a volume ratio of 5.5:1.5:3; wherein, the gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized alumina ceramic particles prepared by the aforementioned method; the metal materials are No. 45 steel powder with a particle size of 120 micrometers; and the brazing metal is copper powder or copper particles.

[0141] The gold porcelain mixture 6 is filled into the forming cavity from the position of the cavity cover 8, and during the filling process, the gold porcelain mixture 6 is vibrated, rammed or pressed to be densely filled in the forming cavity; after being filled, the cavity cover 8 and the cavity shell 7 are welded together by two-stage welding to form a sealed forming cavity.

[0142] Step 【3】: starting gas control and heating

[0143] The gas is replaced, and the gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the exhaust pipe 10 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, and then the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and the protective gas are filled into the forming cavity until the pressure reaches 0.8-1 atm.

[0144] The forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace 14 for heating and warming up until the set maximum temperature 1100℃ is reached, and then the temperature is kept constant, so that the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity is uniform; during the warming up period, the vacuum degree in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm. The gas in the forming cavity is extracted, the exhaust pipe 10 is closed, and the forming cavity which has reached the preset maximum temperature is placed in the cavity pressure type camber forming die set 42 for pressure setting and shaping, and finally the wear-resistant gold porcelain ball semi-finished product is obtained.

[0145] Step 【4】: post-processing

[0146] According to the post-processing mode of Example One, the wear-resistant gold porcelain ball finished product is obtained according to the preset process requirements.

[0147] Example Five

[0148] The embodiment provides a preparation method of surface metallized ceramic particles, comprising the following steps:

[0149] Step 1: four combinations of coating alloy and ceramic particles are prepared, and the volume ratios of the coating alloy and the 5.8-6 mm ceramic particles, the coating alloy and the 1.8-2 mm ceramic particles, the coating alloy and the 0.8-1 mm ceramic particles, and the coating alloy and the 0.3-0.5 mm ceramic particles are 0.5:9.5, 0.75:9.25, 1.05:8.95 and 1.5:8.5 respectively; wherein the ceramic particles are alumina particles; the coating alloy is an active metal, an auxiliary welding metal and an ignition metal with a mass ratio of 22:75:3, the active metal is titanium powder, the auxiliary welding metal is copper particles, and the ignition metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% titanium.

[0150] Step 2, mix the four selected combinations in step 1 evenly respectively to obtain four groups of ceramic mixtures 2, then put them into the corresponding coated reaction tubes 1 respectively, and block the entrances of the coated reaction tubes 1 with the gas-permeable tube plugs; then put all the coated reaction tubes 1 into the rotatable horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 in sequence, seal the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50, and then put it into the horizontal sintering furnace 20, install the reaction tank rotating shaft 54 on the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 on the rotating shaft support seat 55, and close the horizontal sintering furnace door 56; connect the gas extraction pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5 on the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 with the corresponding equipment; extract the gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 and the coated reaction tube 1 through the gas extraction pipe 4, so that the vacuum degree in the coated reaction tube 1 is 0.1-10 Kpa; heat the coated reaction tube 1 to 200℃ through the horizontal high-temperature sintering furnace 20, as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 .

[0151] Step 3, slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 and the coated reaction tube 1 through the gas injection pipe 5, and keep heating and slowly rising the temperature; at the same time, extract the excess gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 and the coated reaction tube 1 through the gas extraction pipe 4, and keep the vacuum degree in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 always equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 550℃, after the metal surface oxides of the auxiliary welding metal are completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5.

[0152] Step 4, extract the gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 and the coated reaction tube 1 through the gas extraction pipe 4, so that the vacuum degree in the coated reaction tube 1 is 0.1-5 Kpa; keep the vacuum degree stable, heat the coated reaction tube 1 to 1100℃ according to the temperature rising curve, so that the coated alloy is melted, and at the same time, the horizontal driven vacuum reaction tank 50 reciprocally rotates in clockwise and counterclockwise directions; keep the temperature for 25-30 minutes, so that the coated alloy and the ceramic particle surface occur composite reaction; after the reaction is completed, reduce to room temperature, to obtain four groups of surface metallized alumina ceramic particles, and put them into the sealed anti-oxidation bag or coated anti-oxidation isolation agent respectively for use.

[0153] In the above preparation method, if the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50 is relatively small, the ceramic mixture 2 can be directly put into the horizontal vacuum reaction tank 50, so as to prepare the surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0154] This embodiment takes the wear-resistant round pipe based on the above surface metallized ceramic particles as an example to introduce its preparation process. The outer diameter of the wear-resistant round pipe is 3 meters, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is 25 mm, the thickness of the steel outer pipe is 5 mm, the thickness of the inner pipe is 2 mm, and the volume ratio of alumina ceramic in the wear-resistant layer is 52%. The preparation process is as follows:

[0155] Step 1, make the forming cavity and the pressing mold (such asFigure 12 (As shown)

[0156] Fabrication of the molding cavity: The molding cavity includes a first outer tube 751 and a first inner tube 752. The first outer tube 751 has a wall thickness of 5mm and an outer diameter of [missing information]. A 3-meter-long straight steel pipe. The first inner pipe, 752, uses a wall thickness of 2mm and an outer diameter less than... A 3-meter-long steel straight pipe is used. The first inner pipe 752 and the first outer pipe 751 are fitted together, and the pipe ends at the same point are flanged and welded to seal them. The other end, after being filled with the gold-ceramic mixture 6, is flanged and welded to form a sealed cavity shell 7. A hole is then drilled at the flanged weld, and an exhaust pipe 10 with an overflow chamber 13 is welded on to form a sealed molding cavity. An isolation mesh is installed at the interface between the exhaust pipe 10 and the cavity shell 7. Furthermore, the inner side of the first outer pipe 751 and the outer side of the first inner pipe 752 of the molding cavity must be cleaned.

[0157] Manufacturing pressing molds: Manufacturing a rotary precessing tube expanding and pressing mold assembly, which includes a rotary precessing tube expanding pressing mold 51, a tube expanding pressing rotary moving mold 52, and a tube expanding pressing roller 53.

[0158] Step [2]: Prepare a uniformly mixed gold-ceramic mixture 6 according to the required proportions, and then load the gold-ceramic mixture 6 into the molding cavity.

[0159] In this embodiment, the gold-ceramic mixture 6 comprises gold-ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metal in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles prepared by the aforementioned method, with particles of 5.8–6 mm accounting for 10% of the volume, particles of 1.8–2 mm accounting for 45%, particles of 0.8–1 mm accounting for 40%, and particles of 0.3–0.5 mm accounting for 5%. The metal material uses annealed and softened Q235 steel particles with a particle size of 1.5–2 mm. The brazing metal is a copper alloy (powder).

[0160] The above-mentioned gold-ceramic mixture 6 is filled into the molding cavity from the opening of the molding cavity. During the filling process, it is vibrated and tamped or machine-pressed while filling so that the gold-ceramic mixture 6 can be densely filled into the molding cavity. Then, one end of the first inner tube 752 and the first outer tube 751 are flanged and welded together by two-stage welding to completely seal the molding cavity. The other end of the tube is drilled and welded with an exhaust pipe 10 with an overflow chamber 13 to form a sealed molding cavity.

[0161] Step [3]: Start gas control and heating

[0162] Substitute gas, through the exhaust pipe 10 to extract the gas in the forming cavity, until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.2-0.1 atmosphere, stop pumping; Fill the forming cavity with reducing gas and protective gas until it reaches 0.8-1 atmosphere.

[0163] Put the forming cavity into the heating furnace 14, heat it up in a segmented heating and segmented pressurizing way, until the set maximum temperature 1100℃, then keep it warm, make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity uniform, keep the vacuum degree in the forming cavity equal to 1 atmosphere during the heating period. Close the exhaust pipe 10, then put the forming cavity which has reached the preset maximum temperature into the rotary prograde pipe expanding press forming die 51, pipe expanding press forming rotary die 52, pipe expanding press wheel 53 to pressurize and shape, get the wear-resistant round pipe semi-finished product.

[0164] During the pressurizing and shaping, the overflow bin 13 should always be connected with the forming cavity, and the overflow bin 13 should be kept warm to ensure that the excess material is smoothly discharged. During the shaping process, cool from the side far from the overflow bin 13 to control the cooling rate and prevent deformation or cracks caused by thermal stress.

[0165] Step 【4】 post-processing

[0166] According to the preset process requirements, the final copper-titanium composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant round pipe is obtained according to the post-processing method of example one.

[0167] The above method is also suitable for preparing wear-resistant bushings, equipment lining pipes, etc.

[0168] Example six

[0169] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing surface metallized ceramic particles, comprising the following steps:

[0170] Step 1, prepare four combinations of coating alloy and ceramic particles, respectively: the volume ratio of coating alloy to 3.5-4mm ceramic particles is 0.6:9.4; the volume ratio of coating alloy to 1.8-2.2mm ceramic particles is 0.75:9.25; the volume ratio of coating alloy to 1-1.2mm ceramic particles is 1.05:8.95; the volume ratio of coating alloy to 0.3-0.5mm ceramic particles is 1.5:8.5; wherein the ceramic particles are alumina particles; the coating alloy is an active metal, a secondary welding metal, and a fluxing metal with a mass ratio of 25:72:3; the active metal is titanium (powder), the secondary welding metal is copper particles, and the fluxing metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% titanium.

[0171] Mix the above four combinations evenly respectively, and prepare four groups of surface metallized alumina ceramic particles according to the methods of steps 2, 3, and 4 in example five, and put them into airtight anti-oxidation bags or wrap them with anti-oxidation isolating agents for use.

[0172] The present embodiment takes the wear-resistant impeller based on the surface metalized alumina ceramic particles as an example to introduce its preparation method. The impeller is a metal composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant impeller for a slurry pump, and its diameter is The thickness of the wheel plate is 300 mm, the thickness of the front and rear impeller plates is 30 mm, and the wall thickness of the steel sealing forming cavity is 1 mm. The alumina ceramic accounts for 45% of the volume ratio in the wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant impeller, and the blade uses reinforced material, and the volume ratio of alumina is 50%-62%. The specific preparation process of the wear-resistant impeller is as follows:

[0173] Step 【1】: making a forming cavity and a pressing mold (as shown in Figure 13 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 )

[0174] Making a forming cavity: the forming cavity includes a front plate outer shell 765, a rear plate outer shell 761, a front plate inner shell 764, a rear plate inner shell 762, and 5 blade shells 763, which are welded together using a 1 mm thick steel sheet, as shown in Figure 14 , to form a circular member with a diameter of . The thickness of the wheel plate is greater than 300 mm, and the thickness of the front and rear impeller plates is greater than 30 mm.

[0175] Weld the shaft connecting piece 65 with the rear plate outer shell 761, and each blade shell 763 is respectively two-stage welded with the front plate inner shell 764 and the rear plate inner shell 762. Finally, the front plate outer shell 765 and the front plate inner shell 764, and the rear plate outer shell 761 and the rear plate inner shell 762 are correspondingly welded together to form a cavity shell 7. Then, the exhaust pipe 10 with the overflow bin 13 is welded on the front plate outer shell 765 to form a cavity cover 8 (as shown in Figure 13 ), and the isolation net 9 is installed at the interface of the exhaust pipe 10, and the inside of the forming cavity needs to be cleaned or plated with copper.

[0176] Making a pressing mold: making a cavity pressing type movable mold 62 with a cavity pressing type center pressing mold 63 and a cavity pressing type fixed mold 61 to obtain a finally shaped forming mold.

[0177] Step 【2】: preparing a uniform mixed gold ceramic mixture 6 according to the proportioning requirements, and then loading the gold ceramic mixture 6 into the forming cavity.

[0178] The gold ceramic mixture 6 of the present embodiment includes two kinds of ingredients A and B. The ingredient A is gold ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metals with a volume ratio of 4.5:3.3:2.2. The gold ceramic particles are the surface metalized alumina ceramic particles prepared by the above method, and the particle size is 1-1.2 mm. The metal materials are selected from the surface copper-plated Q235 steel particles after annealing softening treatment, and the particle size is 1-1.3 mm. The brazing metal is copper (particles and powder).

[0179] The ingredient B (enhanced) is gold porcelain particles, metal material, brazing metal with a volume ratio of 6.2:0.8:3. The gold porcelain particles are 3.5-4 mm, 1.8-2.2 mm, 0.3-0.5 mm surface metallized alumina ceramic particles prepared by the above method, and the volume ratio of the three is 65%:27%:8%. The metal material is an annealed softening treated surface copper plated Q235 steel particle with a particle size of 1-1.3 mm. The brazing metal is copper (particle and powder).

[0180] The ingredient A is loaded into the cavity formed by the rear plate outer shell 761 and the rear plate inner shell 762 of the forming cavity, and the cavity formed by the front plate inner shell 764 and the front plate outer shell 765; at the same time, the ingredient B is loaded into the cavity of each blade shell 763. During the loading process, the gold porcelain mixture 6 is densely filled into the corresponding cavity by vibration, tamping or machine pressing during loading. After filling, the cavity shell 7 and the cavity cover 8 are sealed to form a forming cavity. In addition, the shape retaining sand 66 is also filled in the hole surrounded by the surrounding ring 64 between the blades of the impeller. The shape retaining sand 66 has a similar compression ratio to the gold porcelain mixture 6 in the ingredient B, which ensures that the wear-resistant impeller produced does not deform.

[0181] Step 【3】: Start gas control and heating

[0182] Replace the gas, and extract the gas in the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe 10 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, and then stop the exhaust. Fill reducing gas and protective gas into the forming cavity until the pressure reaches 0.8-1 atm.

[0183] Place the forming cavity into the heating furnace 14 for heating and temperature rising. During the temperature rising, the gas pressure in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm. Continue heating until the set maximum temperature 1100℃ is reached. Control the heating to keep the temperature at 1100℃, so that the temperature in the forming cavity 7 is uniform. Close the exhaust pipe 10, and then place the forming cavity that has reached the preset maximum temperature into the cavity pressure type fixed mold 61, cavity pressure type movable mold 62 and cavity pressure type center pressure mold 63 for pressure shaping to obtain the wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product.

[0184] Step 【4】: Post-processing

[0185] According to the post-processing method of Example One, the wear-resistant impeller finished product is obtained according to the preset process requirements.

[0186] The above preparation method is also applicable to the preparation of wear-resistant slurry pump volute inner liner, wear-resistant axial flow pump impeller and wear-resistant axial flow pump shell inner liner.

[0187] Example Seven

[0188] The embodiment provides a preparation method of surface metallized ceramic particles, which comprises the following steps:

[0189] Step 1: Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.85:9.15; wherein the ceramic particles are alumina particles with a particle size of 1.2-1.5 mm; the coating alloy includes active metal, auxiliary welding metal and ignition metal in a mass ratio of 25:70:5; the active metal is titanium (powder), the auxiliary welding metal is copper (powder), and the ignition metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0190] Steps 2, 3, and 4 are the same as the corresponding steps in Example 2, thereby obtaining surface-metallized alumina ceramic particles, which are then placed in sealed anti-oxidation bags or coated with an anti-oxidation release agent for later use.

[0191] This embodiment uses a wear-resistant liner based on the aforementioned surface-metallized alumina ceramic particles as an example to introduce its preparation method. This wear-resistant liner is a circular copper-titanium-alumina composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant liner for industrial equipment, with an outer diameter of [missing information]. The tube is 1 meter long, with a composite wear-resistant layer thickness of 20 mm, a steel outer tube thickness of 5 mm, and an inner tube thickness of 2 mm. The alumina ceramic in the wear-resistant layer accounts for 48% of the volume. The specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0192] Step [1]: Making the molding cavity and pressing mold

[0193] Fabrication of the molding cavity: The molding cavity consists of a second outer tube 772 and a second inner tube 771, wherein the second outer tube 772 has a wall thickness of 5mm and an outer diameter greater than [missing information]. A 1-meter-long Q235 steel straight pipe; the second inner pipe 771 uses a 2mm wall thickness and an outer diameter of The Q235 steel straight pipe; the specific manufacturing process is the same as in Example 5, and will not be repeated here.

[0194] Fabrication of pressing molds: Fabrication of a spinning moving mold 71 with spinning rollers 73 and a spinning internal support fixed mold 72, as follows. Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown.

[0195] Step [2]: Prepare a uniformly mixed gold-ceramic mixture 6 according to the required proportions, and then load the gold-ceramic mixture 6 into the molding cavity.

[0196] In this embodiment, the gold-ceramic mixture 6 is composed of gold-ceramic particles, metal materials, and brazing metal in a volume ratio of 4.5:3:2.5. The gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized alumina ceramic particles prepared by the aforementioned method; the metal materials are Q235 steel particles that have undergone annealing and softening treatment and have been copper-plated on the surface, with a particle size of 1 to 1.2 mm; and the brazing metal is an aluminum alloy (particles).

[0197] The gold porcelain mixture 6 is filled into the forming cavity from the position of the opening of the forming cavity. During the filling process, the gold porcelain mixture 6 is vibrated, rammed and pressed to enable the gold porcelain mixture 6 to be densely filled in the forming cavity. After the filling is completed, the forming cavity is sealed in the manner of step 2 of Example 5.

[0198] Step 3, starting gas control and heating

[0199] The displacement gas is extracted from the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe 10 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, and then the extraction is stopped. The protective gas is filled into the forming cavity until it reaches 0.8-1 atm.

[0200] The forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace 14 for heating and temperature rising. During the temperature rising, the air pressure in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm. The heating continues until the set maximum temperature of 900℃ is reached. The heating is controlled to keep the temperature at 900℃, and the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity is uniform. During the heating to the set maximum temperature, the segmented heating and segmented pressurizing mode is adopted.

[0201] After the exhaust pipe 10 is closed, the forming cavity that has reached the preset maximum temperature is placed in the press forming die formed by the rotary pressure movable die 71, the rotary pressure inner support fixed die 72 and the rotary roller 73 to obtain the semi-finished product of the wear-resistant lining.

[0202] Step 4, post-processing

[0203] According to the post-processing mode of Example 1, the finished product of the wear-resistant lining is obtained according to the preset process requirements. The wear-resistant lining is suitable for grinding barrels, mixer shells, sand washing machine shells and air flow dryers.

[0204] Example 8

[0205] The embodiment provides a preparation method of surface metallized ceramic particles, comprising the following steps:

[0206] Step 1, preparing the coated alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.65:9.35; wherein the ceramic particles are alumina ceramic particles with a particle size of 3.5-4 mm; the coated alloy is an active metal and a secondary welding metal with a mass ratio of 25:75; the active metal is titanium (powder); and the secondary welding metal is copper (powder).

[0207] Steps 2, 3 and 4 are the same as the corresponding steps of Example 2, so as to obtain the surface metallized alumina ceramic particles, which are loaded into a sealed anti-oxidation bag or wrapped with an anti-oxidation isolation agent for use.

[0208] This embodiment takes the wear-resistant counter roller sleeve based on the surface metallized alumina ceramic particles as an example to introduce its preparation method. The counter roller sleeve is a steel material and gold porcelain mixed material interlocking anti-slip counter roller sleeve. The copper-titanium composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant counter roller sleeve for industrial grinding roller is prepared in this embodiment, and the outer diameter is 1.5 meters in length, and the composite wear-resistant layer is 60 mm in thickness. The inner sleeve and the outer sleeve of the steel forming cavity are both 5 mm in thickness, and the alumina ceramic in the wear-resistant layer accounts for 45% in volume ratio. The specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0209] Step 【1】: making the forming cavity and the pressing mold

[0210] Making the forming cavity: the forming cavity is a sealed forming cavity made of Q235 steel material, including an outer sleeve 781, an inner sleeve 782, and a plurality of interlocked wave-shaped steel strips 783. The wave-shaped steel strips 783 are used to enhance the strength and wear resistance of the wear-resistant counter roller sleeve, as shown in Figure 18 、 Figure 19 、 Figure 20

[0211] The outer sleeve 781 of this embodiment is a Q235 steel straight pipe with an outer diameter greater than 5 mm in thickness and 1.5 meters in length; the inner sleeve 782 is a Q235 steel straight pipe with an inner diameter less than 5 mm in thickness and 1.5 meters in length. The wave-shaped steel strip (as shown in Figure 20 ) is a steel strip with a rectangular cross-section or a steel strip with rounded corners and cut corners, plated with copper, made into a sine wave shape, a triangular wave shape, a trapezoidal wave shape, etc., used to enhance the structural strength of the wear-resistant counter roller sleeve.

[0212] When assembling, the first layer of wave-shaped steel strips 783 is installed on the inner sleeve 782 by multi-point welding, and a designed distance is evenly left between the adjacent two wave-shaped steel strips 783. The second layer of wave-shaped steel strips 783 is spot-welded on the first layer of wave-shaped steel strips, and is staggered by half a wavelength from the first layer of wave-shaped steel strips. The remaining layers are installed in this way, and at least two layers of wave-shaped steel strips 783 are installed.

[0213] Sealed forming cavity shell: after the wave-shaped steel strips 783 are installed on the inner sleeve 782, the outer sleeve 781 is sleeved thereon, and the same process as step 【1】 of embodiment five is adopted to heat and turn the edges of the pipe openings at the same end of the inner sleeve 782 and the outer sleeve 781 to weld and form the cavity shell. After the gold porcelain mixed material 6 is installed, the other end is turned and welded to seal the cavity shell 7, then a hole is punched at the turned and welded part, and a vent pipe 10 with a overflow bin 13 is welded and installed to form a sealed forming cavity. Similarly, the inner side of the outer sleeve 781 and the outer side of the inner sleeve 782 need to be cleaned or electroplated.

[0214] ​Making the pressing mold: making a composite mold set, the composite mold set is formed by the outer shrink tube pressing mold 83 and the inner expansion tube pressing mold 81, the outer shrink tube pressing mold 83 positions the forming cavity and presses inwardly; the expansion roller 82 on the inner expansion tube pressing mold 81 rotates outwardly from inside to outside to press, Figure 18 as shown.

[0215] Step 【2】: preparing the uniform mixed gold porcelain mixture 6 according to the proportion requirement, and then loading the gold porcelain mixture 6 into the forming cavity.

[0216] The gold porcelain mixture 6 of the embodiment is gold porcelain particles, metal materials, and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 4.5:3.5:2; the gold porcelain particles are the surface metallized ceramic particles prepared by the foregoing method; the metal materials are selected from metal particles, which are 60% by mass of chromium 12 steel particles with a particle size of 2-2.2 mm and surface plated with copper, and 40% by mass of Q235 steel particles with a particle size of 1.2-1.5 mm and surface plated with copper, and the metal particles need to be annealed and softened. The brazing metal is a copper alloy (powder or particle).

[0217] The gold porcelain mixture 6 is loaded into the forming cavity from the position of the opening of the forming cavity, and in the loading process, the gold porcelain mixture 6 is vibrated, rammed, and pressed to be densely filled in the forming cavity. After filling, the flanges of the inner sleeve 782 and the outer sleeve 781 are welded together by two-stage welding to completely seal the forming cavity, and a vent pipe 10 with a overflow bin 13 is welded at one end.

[0218] Step 【3】: starting gas control and heating

[0219] The gas is replaced, and the gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the vent pipe 10 until the vacuum degree in the forming cavity reaches 0.1-0.2 atm, and then the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and the protective gas are filled into the forming cavity until the pressure reaches 0.8-1 atm.

[0220] The forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace 14 for heating and temperature rising, and during the temperature rising, the gas pressure in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm; the heating continues until the set maximum temperature 1100℃ is reached; the temperature is controlled and kept at 1100℃ to make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity uniform. During the heating to the set maximum temperature, the segmented heating and segmented pressurizing mode is adopted.

[0221] The vent pipe 10 is closed, and then the forming cavity that has reached the preset maximum temperature is placed in the bidirectional pressing mold set formed by the inner expansion tube pressing mold 81 and the outer shrink tube pressing mold 83 to implement the outer shrink tube pressing and the inner rotating expansion tube pressing, and finally the wear-resistant roller cover semi-finished product is obtained.

[0222] Step 【4】: post-processing

[0223] According to the preset process requirements, the post-processing mode of example one is used to obtain the finished product of the anti-slip roller sleeve made of the mutual embedding of the steel material and the gold porcelain mixture, and the roller sleeve is suitable for the wear-resistant roller sleeve and the grinding roller sleeve of various vertical mills, Raymond mills and various roller machines and pressure roller machines.

[0224] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements to part or all of the technical features, and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing surface metalized ceramic particles, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, preparing the coating alloy and ceramic particles in a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:8.5-9.5; the coating alloy comprises active metal, auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal in a mass ratio of 15-40:60-80:0-10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium and chromium; the auxiliary welding metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, nickel and boron; the fluxing metal is an alloy containing copper and titanium and having a melting point lower than 1000 DEG C; the ceramic particles are at least one of alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, titanium carbide reinforced alumina, titanium carbide reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide reinforced silicon nitride and silicon carbide reinforced alumina, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.3-6 mm; Step 2, mixing the ceramic particles and the coating alloy, loading them into a coating reaction tube, sealing the coating reaction tube or loading the coating reaction tube into a sealed system, and extracting the gas in the coating reaction tube through an air extraction pipe to make the vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube 0.1-10 Kpa, and then heating the coating reaction tube to 200-300 DEG C; Step 3, injecting reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube through an air injection pipe, slowly heating and extracting the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, so that the vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmosphere, until the temperature is raised to 300-700 DEG C, and then the air injection pipe is closed after the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fluxing metal are reduced; Step 4, extracting the gas in the coating reaction tube through the air extraction pipe to keep the internal vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube 0.1-5 Kpa, and then heating to 900-1250 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 15-60 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface metallized ceramic particles.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the content of titanium metal in the coating alloy is 18-30%.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the ceramic particles and the coating alloy are mixed, loaded into the coating reaction tube, the coating reaction tube is sealed, and then placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the coating reaction tube is extracted through the air extraction pipe to make the vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube 0.1-10 Kpa, and then the coating reaction tube is heated to 200-300 DEG C through the high-temperature sintering furnace.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the ceramic particles and the coating alloy are mixed, loaded into the coating reaction tube, and then the coating reaction tube is loaded into a vacuum sintering furnace, the vacuum sintering furnace is sealed, the gas in the vacuum sintering furnace is extracted through the air extraction pipe to make the vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube 0.1-10 Kpa, and then the coating reaction tube is heated to 200-300 DEG C through the vacuum sintering furnace.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein ​ ​ ​ Step 2 is specifically as follows: after the ceramic particles are mixed with the cladding alloy, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is loaded into a vacuum reaction tank, the vacuum reaction tank is closed, and then the vacuum reaction tank is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the vacuum reaction tank is extracted through an air extraction pipe, the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube is 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then the high-temperature sintering furnace is used to heat the mixture to 200-300℃.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the method comprising the following steps: Step 2 is specifically as follows: after the ceramic particles are mixed with the cladding alloy, the mixture is loaded into a cladding reaction tube, the cladding reaction tube is loaded into a vacuum reaction tank, the vacuum reaction tank is closed, and then the vacuum reaction tank is placed into a high-temperature sintering furnace, the gas in the vacuum reaction tank is extracted through an air extraction pipe, the vacuum degree in the cladding reaction tube is 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then the high-temperature sintering furnace is used to heat the mixture to 200-300℃.

7. A method of making a surface metallized ceramic wear part, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 【1】: according to the shape and size of the wear-resistant accessory, a forming cavity and a pressing mold matched with the forming cavity are made; the shape of the forming cavity is matched with the shape of the wear-resistant accessory, and the volume of the forming cavity is larger than the volume of the wear-resistant accessory; the pressing mold is used to press the forming cavity from outside to inside, so that the inner cavity of the forming cavity is contracted; Step 【2】: a gold-ceramic mixture is prepared and loaded into the forming cavity, and the forming cavity is sealed after being filled; The gold-ceramic mixture comprises gold-ceramic particles, metal materials and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 3.5-5.5:1.5-5:1-3; the gold-ceramic particles are surface metallized ceramic particles, or the gold-ceramic particles comprise clean ceramic particles and surface metallized ceramic particles in a volume ratio of 0-0.8:9.2-10; the surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6; the clean ceramic particles are selected from at least one of alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon and boron carbide, and the particle size of the clean ceramic particles is 0.08-0.3 mm; the metal materials are metal particles and / or metal powder, wherein the metal particles are at least one of carbon steel alloy, stainless steel, manganese steel alloy, chromium steel alloy and nickel steel alloy, and the metal particles are subjected to annealing softening treatment, and the metal particles are particles with a particle size of 0.5-2.5 mm and / or metal wires with a diameter of 0.3-1 mm and a length of 1.5-3 mm; the metal powder is a metal, metal alloy or reducible metal oxide powder with a melting point higher than the highest temperature for making the wear-resistant accessory; the brazing metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy and boron; Step 【3】: the vacuum degree in the forming cavity is adjusted, the forming cavity is placed into a high-temperature furnace and heated to a preset temperature, the forming cavity is pressurized and shaped by the pressing mold, and a wear-resistant accessory semi-finished product is obtained; the preset temperature is 20-200℃ higher than the melting point of the highest one of the brazing metal or the cladding alloy of the gold-ceramic particles. Step 【4】: according to the preset process requirements, the semi-finished wear-resistant parts are sequentially subjected to heat treatment, cutting, welding and trimming to obtain the surface metallized ceramic wear-resistant parts.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 【2】, when the wear-resistant parts need to be locally reinforced, the reinforcing gold-ceramic mixture is prepared separately, and the reinforcing gold-ceramic mixture comprises gold-ceramic particles, metal materials and brazing metals in a volume ratio of 5.2-6.2:0-1.5:3-3.

8.

9. The method for producing a surface metalized ceramic wear part according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Step 【3】 is specifically: 3.

1. The gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the exhaust pipe until the vacuum degree reaches 0.05-0.2 atm, and then the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and / or protective gas is filled into the forming cavity until the vacuum degree is equal to 1 atm; 3.

2. The forming cavity is heated to a preset temperature by a high-temperature furnace and then is kept at the temperature, so that the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity is kept consistent; during the heating and keeping, the air pressure in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm; 3.

3. The exhaust pipe is closed, and the forming cavity which has reached the preset temperature is put into the pressing mold for pressure setting to obtain the semi-finished wear-resistant parts.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step 【1】, the forming cavity comprises a cavity shell and a cavity cover connected with the cavity shell; The exhaust pipe is arranged on the cavity shell or the cavity cover, and an isolation net is arranged at the interface between the exhaust pipe and the cavity shell or the cavity cover; Alternatively, the exhaust pipe is arranged on the cavity shell or the cavity cover, and an overflow bin is connected with the exhaust pipe, the overflow bin is communicated with the forming cavity through the exhaust pipe, and is used for collecting excess materials; an isolation net is arranged at the inlet of the overflow bin; In step 3.2, the high-temperature furnace adopts the way of segmented heating and segmented pressurization during heating; In step 3.3, during the pressure setting, the overflow bin is always communicated with the forming cavity, and the overflow bin is kept warm; at the same time, the forming cavity is cooled from the end far away from the overflow bin by the temperature control system, and the cooling rate is controlled to prevent deformation or cracks caused by thermal stress.

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