Temperature control management method and system for electrolytic water tank and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of temperature control, in particular to a temperature control management method and system for an electrolytic water tank and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: performing micro-channel structure processing on a main body shell of the electrolytic water tank, and embedding a modular micro-channel cooling plate to obtain geometric parameters of a cooling channel; identifying a key thermosensitive area of the electrolytic water tank; deploying a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive area, and constructing a multi-point temperature monitoring network; collecting data in real time based on a multi-point temperature monitoring network to obtain real-time temperature data; and designing a micro-channel cooling liquid flow path based on cooling channel geometric parameter topological optimization to obtain a cooling liquid flow field structure. By integrating the micro-channel cooling structure and the high-density temperature monitoring network, efficient heat exchange and dynamic intelligent regulation and control of the electrolytic water tank cooling system are achieved, and the heat stability, safety and energy utilization efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of temperature control, and particularly to a temperature control management method, system and medium for an electrolytic water tank. Background Art

[0002] As an important path for realizing the conversion and storage of renewable energy, the electrolytic water hydrogen production technology has been widely applied in the fields of industry, transportation and energy storage. As a core device, the operation efficiency and safety of the electrolytic water tank highly depend on the temperature stability of the reaction area. Excessive or uneven temperature will cause the aging of electrode materials, the decrease of electrolysis efficiency, and even the risk of thermal runaway.

[0003] Traditional electrolytic water tanks mostly use a single cooling circuit or an outer wall cooling structure for temperature regulation. The cooling path design is relatively simple, and the heat exchange efficiency is low, making it impossible to effectively suppress local hot spots. At the same time, most temperature monitoring means use point sensors, and the monitoring data is discrete, making it difficult to form real-time perception and precise control of the overall thermal field. In addition, the operation of cooling equipment such as the pump valve system is usually based on fixed parameters, lacking an adaptive response mechanism to the actual heat load, resulting in energy waste or regulation lag.

[0004] At present, the existing technologies still have the following deficiencies in practical engineering applications: First, the cooling structure fails to be deeply coupled with the thermal field characteristics of the electrolytic water tank, and the design of the coolant flow channel lacks optimization, resulting in uneven cooling; second, there is a lack of a high-density, multi-point, flexible temperature sensing network, making it impossible to real-time feedback the true thermal distribution state; third, there is a lack of an intelligent feedback control mechanism based on thermal field data, and the operating parameters of the cooling equipment are disconnected from the change of the heat load, making it difficult to achieve dynamic regulation of thermal stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary for the present invention to provide a temperature control management method, system and medium for an electrolytic water tank to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, a temperature control management method for an electrolytic water tank includes the following steps: Step S1: Process the main shell of the electrolytic water tank to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channels; Step S2: Identify the key thermosensitive areas of the electrolytic water tank; deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive areas, construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network, and collect data in real time to obtain real-time temperature data; Step S3: Topologically optimize the design of the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain the coolant flow field structure; calculate the flow distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure to obtain the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme; Step S4: Deploy and configure a variable-frequency pump, an electronically controlled valve group, and a flow regulating device based on the coolant flow rate distribution scheme, and monitor the coolant flow state data in the microchannel in real time; Step S5: Construct a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data, and perform model visualization to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; Step S6: Identify the hot spot areas in the dynamic thermal field distribution map, analyze the temperature gradient, and obtain temperature deviation data; evaluate the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell based on the temperature deviation data, and dynamically adjust the variable-frequency pump, the electronically controlled valve group, and the flow regulating device using the thermal stability evaluation result to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0007] Through the integration of the microchannel structure and the modular cooling plate, the present invention realizes the deep coupling between the cooling system and the thermal characteristics of the electrolytic cell, effectively improving the cooling efficiency and thermal response sensitivity. Compared with the traditional cooling structure, this method can achieve efficient heat exchange with a larger specific surface area without increasing the system volume, significantly reducing the generation probability of local hot spots. At the same time, the introduction of the flexible micro temperature sensor array constructs a high-density, multi-point distributed temperature monitoring network, making the acquisition of thermal field information more comprehensive, continuous, and detailed, and solving the problem that the traditional point-type monitoring data is discrete and difficult to reflect the true thermal distribution. Combining the intelligent flow rate distribution and variable-frequency control mechanisms, the coolant flow rate and velocity can be adjusted in real time according to the change of the heat load, improving the system's adaptive control ability and avoiding energy waste or cooling lag. In addition, through the dynamic thermal field modeling and temperature deviation evaluation mechanism, the comprehensive perception and predictive adjustment of the system's thermal stability are realized, effectively improving the reliability, safety, and energy efficiency performance of the electrolytic cell during long-term operation, providing important support for the popularization and application of the electrolytic water hydrogen production technology in multiple scenarios.

[0008] Preferably, the present invention also provides a temperature control management system for an electrolytic cell, which is used to execute the above-mentioned temperature control management method for the electrolytic cell. The temperature control management system for the electrolytic cell includes: A microchannel cooling structure modeling module, which is used to process the main shell of the electrolytic cell to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channel; A multi-point temperature monitoring and sensing module, which is used to identify the key thermosensitive areas of the electrolytic cell; deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive areas, construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network, and collect data in real time to obtain real-time temperature data; A cooling path topology optimization module, which is used to topologically optimize and design the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channel to obtain the coolant flow field structure; calculate the flow distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure to obtain the coolant flow rate distribution scheme; The cooling execution system control module is used to deploy and configure variable-frequency pumps, electronically controlled valve groups, and flow regulating devices based on the coolant flow rate distribution scheme, and to monitor the coolant flow state data in the microchannels in real time; The thermal field modeling and analysis module is used to construct a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data, and to perform model visualization to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; The thermal stability regulation and optimization module is used to identify the hot spot areas in the dynamic thermal field distribution map, and to analyze the temperature gradient to obtain temperature deviation data; to evaluate the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell based on the temperature deviation data, and to dynamically adjust the variable-frequency pumps, electronically controlled valve groups, and flow regulating devices by using the thermal stability evaluation results to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0009] Through the precise modeling of the microchannel cooling structure and the embedding of modular cooling plates, the present invention realizes the scientific determination of the geometric parameters of the cooling channels, improves the cooling efficiency and structural integration. The multi-point temperature monitoring and perception module constructs a high-density and flexible temperature sensing network, realizes the comprehensive real-time temperature monitoring of key thermosensitive areas, and enhances the accuracy and response speed of thermal field perception. The cooling path topology optimization module intelligently designs the flow path and optimizes the flow rate distribution based on the geometric parameters, effectively improving the uniformity of the coolant flow field and the heat exchange performance. The cooling execution system control module realizes the dynamic configuration of the cooling equipment and the real-time monitoring of the operating state, ensuring the rapid response and precise adjustment of the system to the flow rate change. The thermal field modeling and analysis module constructs a high-precision dynamic thermal field distribution model by fusing real-time temperature and flow data, enhancing the scientific nature and dynamic adaptability of thermal management. The thermal stability regulation and optimization module scientifically evaluates the thermal stability of the system through hot spot identification and temperature gradient analysis, and realizes the intelligent dynamic adjustment of the cooling equipment, significantly improving the temperature balance, safety and energy utilization efficiency of the electrolytic cell, and overall enhancing the reliability and operating efficiency of the system.

[0010] Preferably, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the temperature control management method of the electrolytic cell described above is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] By reading the detailed description of the non-restrictive embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent: Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the steps of a temperature control management method for an electrolytic cell of the present invention; Figure 2 It is for Figure 1 a detailed schematic flow chart of step S1 in; Figure 3 It is for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the detailed step flow of step S2 in Specific implementation manners

[0012] The technical method of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and thus repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. The functional entities can be implemented in software form, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0014] It should be understood that although terms such as "first", "second", etc. may be used here to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, the first unit can be called the second unit, and similarly the second unit can be called the first unit. The term "and / or" used here includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed associated items.

[0015] To achieve the above object, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the present invention provides a temperature control management method for an electrolytic water tank, and the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Process the main body housing of the electrolytic water tank to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channels; Step S2: Identify the key thermosensitive areas of the electrolytic water tank; deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive areas, construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network, and collect data in real time to obtain real-time temperature data; Step S3: Topologically optimize the design of the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain the coolant flow field structure; calculate the flow rate distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure to obtain the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme; Step S4: Deploy and configure a variable frequency pump, an electric control valve group, and a flow regulating device based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, and monitor the coolant flow state data in the microchannels in real time; Step S5: Based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data, construct a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell, and perform model visualization to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; Step S6: Identify the hot spot areas in the dynamic thermal field distribution map, analyze the temperature gradient to obtain temperature deviation data; evaluate the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell based on the temperature deviation data, and use the thermal stability evaluation results to dynamically adjust the variable frequency pump, the electronic control valve group and the flow regulating device to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0016] In the embodiment of the present invention, with reference to Figure 1 As shown, it is a schematic flow chart of the steps of a temperature control management method for an electrolytic cell of the present invention. In this example, the temperature control management method for the electrolytic cell includes the following steps: Step S1: Process the main body shell of the electrolytic cell to form a microchannel structure to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channel; In the embodiment of the present invention, first use an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze the composition of the copper-based material of the main body shell of the electrolytic cell, and measure the thermal conductivity to be 401 W / (m·K). At the same time, use a universal testing machine to test the tensile strength of the shell to reach 220 MPa, and the bearing capacity meets the working pressure requirement of 15 bar; then use CAD three-dimensional modeling software to draw the microchannel processing paths on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell and the back of the electrode. The channel spacing is set to 2.5 mm, the depth is planned to be 0.8 mm, and the lengths are set to three specifications of 150 mm, 200 mm, and 250 mm according to the heat dissipation requirements; next, use a numerical control milling machine with a cemented carbide milling cutter with a diameter of 0.5 mm to perform precision machining on the shell, control the cutting speed at 1200 rpm, set the feed speed at 50 mm / min, and the machining accuracy reaches ±0.02 mm to form a regular microchannel groove structure; then, according to the layout positions of the anode plate, cathode plate and proton exchange membrane in the electrolytic cell, use an infrared thermal imager to measure the heat generation distribution in each area under the rated current density of 2 Under the working condition, generate a heat load distribution map, and determine that the heat dissipation requirement in the anode area is 8 , the cathode area is 6 , and the membrane area is 4 ; Based on the above heat dissipation requirement data, the microchannel diameter sizes are optimized to 500 μm in the anode region, 400 μm in the cathode region, and 300 μm in the membrane region, and the depths are 1.0 mm, 0.8 mm, and 0.6 mm respectively; then 6061 aluminum alloy with a thermal conductivity of 237 W / (m·K) is selected as the base material, and the main body of the cooling plate is manufactured by wire electrical discharge machining technology. An alumina ceramic coating with a thickness of 50 μm is applied on the surface using plasma spraying technology. The alkali corrosion resistance of the coating reaches continuous operation for 1000 hours without peeling in an environment with a pH value of 14, completing the preparation of the modular microchannel cooling plate; Next, the prepared cooling plates are assembled according to the hierarchical structure of electrode - copper high - thermal - conductivity intermediate layer - microchannel cooling layer - stainless - steel shell. The thickness of the high - thermal - conductivity intermediate layer is controlled to be 3 mm, and silicone sealant is used for joint sealing. The sealing ring is made of fluororubber, with a temperature resistance range of - 20°C to 150°C. At the same time, a stainless - steel coolant input pipeline with an inner diameter of 8 mm and an output pipeline with an inner diameter of 10 mm are configured. Quick - connect joints are used for pipeline connection to ensure the sealing performance; Finally, the overall microchannel system is pressure - tested with deionized water flowing at a velocity of 2 m / s through a circulation pump. The test pressure is set to 1.5 times the working pressure, that is, 22.5 bar, and there is no leakage after continuous testing for 30 minutes. The deviation of the flow rate distribution uniformity in each channel is measured and controlled within the range of ±5%. The cooling efficiency is determined by temperature difference testing to be a temperature drop of 15°C / L / min under unit flow rate. Finally, the geometric parameters of the cooling channels are calibrated, including the equivalent diameter of the channel 0.67 mm, the hydraulic diameter 0.89 mm, and the total heat transfer area 2.3 module.

[0017] Step S2: Identify the key thermosensitive areas of the electrolytic cell; Deploy a flexible micro - temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive areas, construct a multi - point temperature monitoring network, and collect data in real - time to obtain real - time temperature data; In the embodiment of the present invention, first, a FLIR E8 infrared thermal imager is used to conduct a comprehensive thermal load analysis on the internal structure of the electrolytic cell under operating conditions. The temperature measurement range is set from 0°C to 200°C, the measurement accuracy is ±2°C, and the scanning frequency is set to 30 Hz. Through 60 minutes of continuous thermal imaging monitoring, it is identified that the peak surface temperature of the anode plate in the electrolytic cell reaches 85°C, the surface temperature of the cathode plate is 78°C, the temperature in the gas-liquid contact area is 72°C, the temperature in the hydrogen outlet area is 68°C, and the temperature in the oxygen outlet area is 75°C. Based on the temperature gradient analysis, the area where the temperature change rate exceeds 5°C / cm is determined as the key thermosensitive area, and a key thermosensitive area distribution map containing 15 high heat flux density points is generated; Next, a flexible micro temperature sensor array is deployed in the identified key thermosensitive area. A thin film RTD temperature sensor made of a polyimide substrate with a thickness of 0.1 mm is selected. The sensor size is 3 mm × 2 mm, the temperature measurement range is -50°C to 300°C, the response time is less than 1 second, and the temperature coefficient is 3850 ppm / °C. Six sensors are arranged on the back of the anode plate with a spacing of 25 mm, five sensors are arranged on the back of the cathode plate with a spacing of 30 mm, two sensors are arranged in the gas-liquid contact area, one sensor is arranged at the hydrogen outlet, and one sensor is arranged at the oxygen outlet. The sensors are bonded and fixed through conductive silver paste, and the outer layer is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating film with a thickness of 0.05 mm for anti-corrosion protection. All sensors are connected to the data acquisition module through silver-plated copper wires with a diameter of 0.2 mm to construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network with 15 monitoring nodes. The network topology structure adopts a star connection method to ensure that a single point failure does not affect the overall monitoring function; Finally, an NI cDAQ-9178 data acquisition chassis is configured with an NI 9214 thermocouple input module. The sampling frequency is set to 10 Hz, the resolution is 24 bits, a periodic temperature acquisition task is established through the LabVIEW data acquisition program, the sampling period is set to 0.1 second, the data buffer is set to 1000 sampling points, the real-time temperature data is transmitted to the industrial control computer through the Ethernet interface, the data transmission rate is 100 Mbps, the internal storage of the industrial control computer adopts a circular buffer mechanism, the buffer size is set to 10 MB, the data saving format is a CSV file, and the file naming rule is "TempData_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.csv". A data file is automatically generated every hour. Through the above layout and acquisition system, the real-time temperature data of 15 key thermosensitive areas is continuously obtained, and the data accuracy reaches 0.1°C.

[0018] Step S3: Based on the topological optimization design of the geometric parameters of the cooling channels, design the flow path of the microchannel coolant to obtain the coolant flow field structure; Based on the coolant flow field structure, calculate the flow rate distribution of each branch channel to obtain the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme; In the embodiments of the present invention, first, based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels, the boundary conditions of the coolant inlet in the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation platform are set as a constant flow rate of 2.5 m / s, a temperature of 25 °C, and a pressure of 3 bar, the boundary conditions of the outlet are a pressure outlet of 1 bar and a freely floating temperature, and the wall boundary conditions are set as a no-slip wall and a constant heat flux density of 8000 , and the turbulence model uses a two-equation model. Tetrahedral meshes are used for mesh generation, and the minimum mesh size is 0.05 mm to obtain the boundary constraint parameters including the inlet flow rate, the outlet pressure, and the wall heat flux density. Next, according to the distribution map of the key thermosensitive regions generated in step S2, the regions where the temperature exceeds 80 °C and the heat flux density is greater than 6000 are selected as the cooling target regions, and 3 points in the anode plate region, 2 points in the cathode plate region, and 1 point in the gas-liquid contact region, a total of 6 high heat flux target regions, are determined. The heat dissipation requirements for each region are 8500 , 8200 , 7800 in the anode region, 6800 , 6500 in the cathode region, and 5200 , form a set of high heat flux target regions; then input the boundary constraint parameters and the set of high heat flux target regions into the COMSOL optimization module, set the optimization objective function to minimize the weighted sum of the maximum temperature and pressure loss, with weight coefficients of 0.7 and 0.3 respectively, and set the constraint conditions as the flow velocity range of 1 - 4 m / s, the pressure loss less than 2 bar, and the temperature uniformity deviation less than 10 °C. Establish the mathematical expression of the combined optimization problem as Min[0.7×(Tmax - Tmin)+0.3×ΔP] to obtain the input values for bionic topology optimization; next, based on the fluid distribution characteristics of the fish gill breathing structure, construct a three - level branch structure with a main flow channel width of 5 mm, and the decreasing rules of the branch flow channel widths are 4 mm, 3 mm, and 2 mm. The branch angles are set to three specifications of 30°, 45°, and 60°. The flow channel depth is uniformly set to 0.8 mm, and the branch density is set to 2 branches, 3 branches, and 4 branches per square centimeter respectively according to the high and low heat dissipation requirements, forming a basic flow channel template that simulates the fish gill lamellar structure; then use the density - based topology optimization method to discretize the design domain into 50×50×10 three - dimensional grid cells, set the range of the material density variable to 0 to 1, and the volume constraint to 40%. Through the OC (Optimality Criteria) iterative solution process, the initial density distribution is set to 0.4, and the convergence criterion is set to the change rate of the objective function less than 0.01%. After 150 iterations of calculation, obtain the optimal density distribution matrix. Define the cells with density values greater than 0.5 as fluid channels and those less than 0.5 as solid walls to generate a tree - like coolant path distribution structure including the main flow channel, primary branches, secondary branches, and tertiary branches; next, establish a three - dimensional flow and heat transfer simulation calculation in ANSYS Fluent, set the working fluid as deionized water, with a density of 998 , a viscosity of 0.001 Pa·s, a thermal conductivity of 0.6 W / (m·K), and a specific heat capacity of 4182 J / (kg·K). Adopt the SIMPLE pressure - velocity coupling method, and the discrete formats of the momentum equation and the energy equation both adopt the second - order upwind format. The residual convergence criterion is set to , calculate to obtain the pressure distribution range in the flow channel as 1.2 - 2.8 bar, the pressure drop as 1.6 bar, the average flow velocity as 2.3 m / s, and the heat transfer coefficient distribution range as 8000 - 15000 , the total heat exchange capacity is 45.2 kW, and the heat exchange efficiency is 85.6%, obtaining the pressure drop and heat exchange efficiency data; finally, based on the simulation calculation results, local correction is carried out on the flow channel area with a heat exchange efficiency lower than 80%. The branch angle is adjusted from 45° to 35°, and the branch width is increased from 2 mm to 2.5 mm. For the flow channel area with a pressure drop exceeding 2 bar, the main flow channel width is expanded from 5 mm to 6 mm. Through 5 iterative correction calculations, the main flow channel width of 6 mm, the primary branch width of 4.5 mm, the secondary branch width of 3 mm, the tertiary branch width of 2.5 mm, the branch angle of 35°, the flow channel depth of 0.8 mm, and the branch density of 2 - 4 are finally determined according to the heat load distribution. The coolant flow field structure of realizes the performance indicators of a pressure drop of 1.4 bar, a heat exchange efficiency of 88.3%, and a temperature uniformity deviation of 8.2 °C. Subsequently, the flow balance calculation method is adopted. According to the hydraulic diameter Dh = 4A / P formula of each branch channel, the hydraulic diameter of the main channel is calculated to be 4.8 mm, the primary branch is 3.6 mm, the secondary branch is 2.4 mm, and the tertiary branch is 2.0 mm. The resistance coefficient of each branch is calculated using the Darcy - Weisbach formula, where the resistance coefficient of the main channel is 0.025, the primary branch is 0.032, the secondary branch is 0.041, and the tertiary branch is 0.055. Based on the flow continuity equation Q = A×v and the pressure balance condition, the main flow channel flow rate accounts for 40% of the total flow rate, the primary branch accounts for 25%, the secondary branch accounts for 20%, and the tertiary branch accounts for 15%. The corresponding flow velocities are 2.8 m / s, 2.2 m / s, 1.8 m / s, and 1.4 m / s respectively, forming a coolant flow velocity distribution plan to ensure pressure balance and reasonable flow rate distribution of each branch.

[0019] Step S4: Deploy and configure a variable - frequency pump, an electric control valve group, and a flow regulating device based on the coolant flow velocity distribution plan, and monitor the coolant flow state data in the micro - channel in real - time; In the embodiment of the present invention, first, based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, Grundfos CR15-3 variable frequency centrifugal pump is selected as the main circulation pump. According to the distribution ratio that the main flow channel flow accounts for 40% of the total flow, the rated flow velocity of the variable frequency pump is set to 120 L / min, the corresponding rotational speed is 2850 rpm, the adjustable frequency range is set to 20 - 50 Hz, the starting pressure parameter is set to 1.5 bar, the overload protection pressure is set to 4 bar, the motor power is selected as 3 kW, and the rotational speed is controlled by the ABB ACS580 frequency converter with a control accuracy of ±1 rpm to form the initial operating parameters of the variable frequency pump. Next, according to the flow distribution requirements that the primary branch accounts for 25%, the secondary branch accounts for 20%, and the tertiary branch accounts for 15% in the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, electric control ball valves are installed at the joints of the main flow channel and each level of branches. Siemens VKF42 series electric control valves are selected, and the valve diameters are DN25, DN20, DN15, and DN10 respectively, corresponding to the primary to tertiary branch flow channels. The driving torque of the electric actuator is set to 50 Nm, the adjustment time is set to 15 seconds from fully open to fully closed, the opening adjustment accuracy is 1%, and the initial opening values of each section are set as the opening of the primary branch valve is 75%, the opening of the secondary branch valve is 60%, and the opening of the tertiary branch valve is 45%. It is connected to the PLC control system through the Modbus RTU communication protocol to obtain the opening parameters of the electric control valve group. Then, KROHNE OPTIFLUX 1000 turbine flow sensors are installed in the main flow channel and each level of branch flow channels respectively. The accuracy level of the sensor is 0.5 level, the measurement range is 0.5 - 50 L / min, and the output signal is a 4 - 20 mA analog signal. A YOKOGAWA EJA110A micro differential pressure sensor is installed before and after each branch node, with a measurement range of 0 - 5 kPa and an accuracy of 0.075%. At the same time, a PIV particle image velocimetry system is installed at the key flow channel cross-section for flow velocity imaging monitoring. The power of the Nd:YAG laser is 200 mJ, the resolution of the CCD camera is 2048×2048 pixels, the shooting frequency is set to 1000 fps, the particles are selected as hollow glass balls with a diameter of 10 μm, and the concentration is controlled at 1000 per cubic centimeter to establish a micro-channel flow monitoring network including 12 flow monitoring points, 8 differential pressure monitoring points, and 4 flow velocity imaging areas, and generate a monitoring point distribution map with detailed marked position coordinates and numbers of each monitoring device. Next, based on the initial operating parameters of the variable frequency pump, the opening parameters of the electric control valve group, and the monitoring point distribution map, a data acquisition logic program is written in the Siemens S7-1500 PLC controller. The sampling period of the flow sensor is set to 0.2 seconds, the sampling period of the differential pressure sensor is set to 0.5 seconds, and the sampling period of the flow velocity imaging system is set to 2 seconds. The data storage adopts the FIFO first-in-first-out queue mechanism, the queue length is set to 5000 data points, and the alarm threshold is set as the flow deviation exceeds ±10%, the differential pressure exceeds the design value ±0.When the pressure is 5 kPa and the flow rate deviation exceeds ±15%, an alarm signal is triggered. Real-time communication between each sensor and the PLC is achieved through Profinet industrial Ethernet. The communication cycle is set to 100 ms, and the data transmission baud rate is 100 Mbps, forming the operating parameters of the cooling equipment including the sampling frequency, storage mechanism, alarm threshold, and communication parameters. Finally, the entire monitoring system is started. The variable-frequency pump starts running according to the set parameters, each electric control valve is adjusted to the preset opening, the flow sensor starts continuously measuring the actual flow values of each branch. The measured main flow channel flow rate is 48 L / min, the primary branch flow rate is 30 L / min, the secondary branch flow rate is 24 L / min, and the tertiary branch flow rate is 18 L / min. The differential pressure sensor monitors the pressure loss at each node in real time. The measured main flow channel pressure drop is 0.8 bar, the primary branch pressure drop is 0.6 bar, the secondary branch pressure drop is 0.5 bar, and the tertiary branch pressure drop is 0.4 bar. The PIV flow velocity imaging system captures the velocity distribution cloud map of each flow channel cross-section, showing the center flow velocity of the main flow channel is 2.8 m / s and the side wall flow velocity is 1.2 m / s. The uniformity deviation of the flow velocity distribution in the branch flow channels is controlled within the range of ±8%. The PLC system collects all sensor data every 0.1 second, generating the coolant flow state data including the real-time flow value, pressure difference value, flow velocity distribution, and system operating state.

[0020] Step S5: Based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data, construct a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell and perform model visualization to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; In the embodiment of the present invention, first, three-dimensional geometric structure data is obtained, including the complete coordinates and boundary information of the electrolytic cell housing, microchannel cooling layer, electrode assembly, and gas-liquid distribution area. Based on the real-time temperature data collected by the flexible micro temperature sensor array deployed in the multi-point temperature monitoring network constructed in step S2, spatial continuous expansion processing is performed on all the collected point data through cubic spline interpolation method, converting the discrete point temperature values into a continuously distributed data field. Combining the coordinate mapping method, the interpolation result is registered with the three-dimensional structure data to complete the spatial temperature mapping inside the electrolytic cell structure and generate a three-dimensional temperature field distribution map. Subsequently, enter step S52. Based on the coolant flow state data obtained in step S4, which includes the flow velocity distribution and pressure difference value in each microchannel branch, by dividing the modular microchannel cooling plate into multiple minimum flow units with a hydraulic diameter range of 100–500 μm and a length not exceeding 5 cm, according to the steady-state fluid mechanics and heat transfer theory, the Reynolds number and Prandtl number are calculated for each unit respectively, and the empirical formula is used Obtain the Nusselt number, determine the thermal conductivity value k of the coolant in the current state by combining the real-time temperature data, substitute the Nusselt number and the hydraulic diameter D_h into the formula h = Nu·k / D_h to inversely calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient of each channel segment, and complete the calculation of the local heat transfer coefficient distribution map; enter step S53, pair the nodes of the three-dimensional temperature field distribution map and the local heat transfer coefficient distribution map in a unified coordinate system, divide the structural area with the shell, electrode, and cooling channel as the basic units, construct a heat transfer relationship table indexed by spatial coordinates, record the heat conduction path, temperature difference gradient, and convective heat transfer boundary information between regions, and realize a complete description of the heat transfer structure; in step S54, set three working conditions: rated condition, rapid temperature rise, and variable load, and input the reaction heat intensity value (range: 500–900 ), the ambient convective boundary temperature (25–35 °C), and the coolant flow rate (1.2–3.5 m / s). Perform heat flow balance calculations for each structural area based on the law of conservation of energy and Fourier's law of heat conduction. Through iterative processing of each area and combining real-time temperature data for periodic error correction, with the temperature correction value not exceeding ±1 °C as the convergence criterion, finally form a dynamic thermal field distribution map with working condition time series information and spatial temperature distribution characteristics.

[0021] Step S6: Identify the hot spot area of the dynamic thermal field distribution map, analyze the temperature gradient, and obtain the temperature deviation data; evaluate the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell based on the temperature deviation data, and use the thermal stability evaluation result to dynamically adjust the variable-frequency pump, the electronic control valve group, and the flow regulating device to obtain an optimized coolant distribution plan.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present invention, first, the MATLAB image processing toolbox is used to perform regional segmentation processing on the dynamic thermal field distribution map. The watershed segmentation method based on gradient is adopted, and the temperature gradient threshold is set to 8 °C / cm. The thermal field distribution map is divided into 5×5 grid areas, and the size of each grid is 50 mm×50 mm. By traversing the temperature values of each grid cell, abnormal concentration areas with a temperature exceeding 85 °C and a temperature difference from the surrounding area greater than 12 °C are identified. It is determined that there are 3 hot spots in the anode plate area, 2 hot spots in the cathode plate area, and 1 hot spot in the gas-liquid contact area. The center coordinates of each hot spot are recorded as anode plate (125, 75), (175, 85), (225, 65), cathode plate (135, 45), (185, 55), and gas-liquid contact area (155, 95). The influence radii of the hot spots are 25 mm, 30 mm, 20 mm, 28 mm, 22 mm, and 35 mm respectively, generating hot spot area positioning data including the position coordinates, influence range, and peak temperature of the hot spots. Next, based on the hot spot area positioning data and the real-time temperature data of the 15 monitoring points obtained in step S2, the temperature differences in each thermal sensitive interval are calculated. Using the calculation method of subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value, the temperature differences in the anode plate area are (87.5 - 82.3) = 5.2 °C, (89.2 - 84.1) = 5.1 °C, (85.8 - 81.2) = 4.6 °C, the temperature difference in the cathode plate area is (82.4 - 78.9) = 3.5 °C, (83.7 - 79.2) = 4.5 °C, and the temperature difference in the gas-liquid contact area is (79.8 - 75.3) = 4.5 °C. At the same time, the deviation values of the hot spot areas from the design reference temperature of 75 °C are calculated, obtaining anode plate hot spot deviations of 12.5 °C, 14.2 °C, 10.8 °C, cathode plate hot spot deviations of 7.4 °C, 8.7 °C, and gas-liquid contact area hot spot deviation of 4.8 °C, forming temperature deviation data including the temperature difference within the area and the reference deviation. Then, based on the temperature deviation data and combined with the coupled thermal field simulation results in step S5, the thermal stability evaluation index formula is used Calculate the thermal stability coefficient of each area, where is the temperature standard deviation, Taking the average temperature, the thermal stability coefficients calculated for the anode plate region are 0.938, 0.932, and 0.945 respectively, for the cathode plate region are 0.954 and 0.947, and for the gas-liquid contact region is 0.961. It is set that a thermal stability coefficient lower than 0.940 represents an unstable state, higher than 0.950 represents a stable state, and between 0.940 - 0.950 represents a critical state. It is determined that the first two regions of the anode plate are in an unstable state and need enhanced cooling, while the remaining regions are in a stable or critical state. Generate a thermal stability assessment result including the stability level of each region and adjustment suggestions; finally, based on the thermal stability assessment result, establish a position mapping relationship between the hot spots in the electrolytic cell and the microchannel cooling system. Convert the hot spot coordinates (x_hot, y_hot) into the corresponding cooling channel numbers through the coordinate transformation formula. The transformation formula is Channel_ID = floor(x_hot / 50) + floor(y_hot / 50) × Grid_X. Determine that the hot spots on the anode plate correspond to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments of the main flow channel and the 2nd and 3rd segments of the first-level branch, and the hot spots on the cathode plate correspond to the 3rd and 4th segments of the first-level branch and the 1st segment of the second-level branch. Generate a target adjustment region distribution map including the correspondence between the hot spot positions and the cooling channels. Subsequently, according to the regions with unqualified thermal stability, combined with the coolant flow rate distribution scheme in step S3, calculate the additional cooling flow rate required, using the heat transfer formula , where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient of 8500 , is the heat transfer area, The temperature difference is calculated, and the cooling flow rate of the first hot spot area of ​​the anode plate needs to be increased by 8L / min, and the second hot spot area needs to be increased by 6L / min. The main flow channel flow rate is adjusted from 48L / min to 56L / min, and the first-level branch flow rate is increased from 30L / min to 36L / min. The branch flow rate correction parameters to be adjusted, which contain the correction values ​​of the flow rates of each branch, are generated. Next, the frequency adjustment command is sent to the ABB inverter through the Modbus communication protocol to adjust the main circulation pump frequency from 45Hz to 52Hz. At the same time, the opening adjustment command is sent to the Siemens electric control valve to adjust the valve opening of the corresponding hot spot area from 75% to 85% and from 60% to 70%. The opening of the proportional control valve in the flow control device is increased by 15% from the current value accordingly. The PLC control system executes the parameter write operation, updates the operating frequency of the variable frequency pump, the opening value of each valve, and the flow setting value to the equipment control register, and forms the operating parameters of the cooling equipment after adjustment. Finally, ANSYS is used Fluent simulates the flow field to verify the adjusted operating parameters. The calculated flow velocity of the main channel after adjustment is 3.2m / s, the flow velocity of the first-level branch is 2.8m / s, the flow velocity of the second-level branch is maintained at 1.8m / s, and the flow velocity of the third-level branch is maintained at 1.4m / s. The total pressure drop increases to 1.8bar, which is still within the design range. The heat exchange capacity increases from 45.2kW to 52.8kW, and the temperature in the hot spot area of ​​the anode plate is expected to drop by 8℃ to 12℃. The temperature uniformity deviation improves from 8.2℃ to 6.5℃. An optimized coolant distribution plan is generated, which includes flow velocity distribution, pressure drop analysis, heat exchange performance, and temperature control effect.

[0023] The present invention realizes the deep coupling between the cooling system and the thermal characteristics of the electrolytic water tank by integrating the microchannel structure with the modular cooling plate, and effectively improves the cooling efficiency and thermal response sensitivity. Compared with the traditional cooling structure, the present method can achieve efficient heat exchange with a larger specific surface area without increasing the volume of the system, and significantly reduces the probability of generating local hot spots. At the same time, the introduction of the flexible micro temperature sensor array constructs a high-density, multi-point distributed temperature monitoring network, which makes the acquisition of thermal field information more comprehensive, continuous and precise, and solves the problem that the traditional point monitoring data is discrete and difficult to reflect the real heat distribution. Combined with the intelligent flow rate distribution and frequency conversion control mechanism, the coolant flow rate and flow rate can be adjusted in real time according to the change of heat load, and the adaptive control ability of the system can be improved to avoid energy waste or cooling lag. In addition, through the dynamic thermal field modeling and temperature deviation evaluation mechanism, the comprehensive perception and predictive regulation of the thermal stability of the system are realized, which effectively improves the reliability, safety and energy efficiency of the electrolytic water tank during long-term operation, and provides important support for the promotion and application of water electrolysis hydrogen production technology in multiple scenarios.

[0024] Preferably, step S1 comprises the following steps: Step S11: Conduct material analysis and structural evaluation on the main shell of the electrolytic cell to obtain thermal conductivity performance data and shell bearing performance data; Step S12: Based on the thermal conductivity performance data and shell bearing performance data, plan the microchannel processing paths on the inner wall and the back of the electrodes of the main shell of the electrolytic cell to obtain a microchannel layout scheme; Step S13: Based on the microchannel layout scheme, conduct precision machining on the electrolytic cell shell to obtain a microchannel groove structure; Step S14: Identify the key heat dissipation areas based on the preset electrode layout in the electrolytic cell, generate a heat load distribution map, and determine the heat dissipation requirement parameters based on the heat load distribution map; Step S15: Optimize the microchannel diameter size based on the heat dissipation requirement parameters to obtain microchannel geometric dimension parameters, where the diameter range is 100μm - 1mm; Step S16: Manufacture a cooling plate using a high - thermal - conductivity material based on the microchannel geometric dimension parameters and apply an alkali - resistant corrosion - protection coating to obtain a modular microchannel cooling plate; Step S17: Install and fix the modular microchannel cooling plate based on the microchannel groove structure to form a layered structure of electrode - high - thermal - conductivity intermediate layer - microchannel cooling layer - outer shell, and conduct sealing treatment and connection pipeline configuration to obtain a coolant flow circuit and sealing performance data; Step S18: Test the overall microchannel cooling performance based on the coolant flow circuit and calibrate the parameters to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channels.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present invention, first, in step S11, a RIGAKU MiniFlex 600 X-ray diffractometer is used to analyze the composition of the 316L stainless steel material of the main body shell of the electrolytic water tank, and the chromium content is measured to be 18.2%, the nickel content is 10.5%, and the molybdenum content is 2.8%. The thermal conductivity of the material is measured to be 16.3 W / (m·K) by a NETZSCH LFA 467 laser thermal conductivity meter. The Instron5985 universal testing machine is used to test the tensile strength of the shell to reach 620 MPa, the yield strength is 310 MPa, and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa. The bearing performance meets the strength requirements under a working pressure of 20 bar, and the safety factor reaches 2.5, obtaining the thermal conductivity performance data and the shell bearing performance data. Subsequently, in step S12, based on the data of the thermal conductivity of 16.3 W / (m·K) and the bearing strength of 620 MPa, the SolidWorks CAD three-dimensional modeling system is used to plan the microchannel processing paths for the inner wall of the electrolytic water tank and the back of the electrode. The depth of the microchannel on the inner wall is set to 1.2 mm, the width is 3.0 mm, and the length is 300 mm. The depth of the microchannel on the back of the electrode is 0.8 mm, the width is 2.5 mm, and the length is 250 mm. The channel spacing is uniformly set to 5.0 mm. The processing path adopts a serpentine tool path, the feed angle is set to 15°, and the retract angle is 10°, generating a microchannel layout plan containing 178 processing paths. Then, in step S13, a DMG MORI DMU 50 five-axis CNC machining center is used, equipped with a solid carbide end mill with a diameter of 0.8 mm. The tool material is WC-Co, the hardness is HRA92, the spindle speed is set to 8000 rpm, the feed rate is set to 200 mm / min, the cutting depth is 0.2 mm each time, and the coolant flow rate is 15 L / min. The microchannel with a depth of 1.2 mm is machined through 5-layer cutting, and the machining accuracy is controlled within the range of ±0.01 mm, and the surface roughness Ra value is less than 0.8 μm, forming a microchannel groove body structure with precise geometric dimensions. Then, in step S14, according to the layout configuration of the anode plate size of 400 mm×300 mm, the cathode plate size of 380 mm×280 mm, and the proton exchange membrane size of 360 mm×260 mm in the electrolytic water tank, a FLIR T1050sc infrared thermal imager is used to measure the heat generation distribution in each region under the rated working current density of 3 conditions. The highest temperature point of the anode plate is measured to be 95 °C, and the average temperature is 88 °C. The highest temperature point of the cathode plate is 82 °C, and the average temperature is 78 °C. The highest temperature point of the proton exchange membrane is 76 °C, and the average temperature is 72 °C. A temperature distribution cloud map is drawn to identify 15 key heat dissipation regions, and the heat dissipation requirements for each region are calculated as 12 for the anode plate region , 8 for the cathode plate region , and 5 for the proton exchange membrane region , generate a heat load distribution map with detailed annotation of the heat dissipation power density, and determine the cooling power with a total heat dissipation requirement parameter of 25 kW; next, in step S15, based on the heat dissipation requirement parameters, use the heat transfer calculation formula Combined with the relationship between the Reynolds number and the Nusselt number, calculate that the optimal diameter of the microchannels in the anode plate area is 600 μm and the depth is 1.0 mm, the diameter of the microchannels in the cathode plate area is 500 μm and the depth is 0.8 mm, and the diameter of the microchannels in the proton exchange membrane area is 400 μm and the depth is 0.6 mm. The lengths are set to 280 mm, 240 mm, and 200 mm respectively, and the number of channels are 120, 96, and 72 respectively, to obtain the geometric size parameters of the microchannels that meet the heat dissipation requirements; then in step S16, select 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate with a thermal conductivity of 237 W / (m·K), the thickness is 15 mm, use a WEDM wire cutting equipment equipped with a molybdenum wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm, the cutting speed is set to 3 mm / min, the pulse frequency is 200 kHz, and manufacture the microchannel structure through precision wire cutting. After processing, use a plasma spraying equipment to apply an Al2O3 ceramic coating on the surface, the coating thickness is controlled at 80 μm ± 10 μm, the spraying temperature is set to 15000 °C, the spraying distance is 150 mm, the coating hardness reaches HV1200, and the alkali corrosion resistance is tested by soaking in a KOH solution with pH = 13 for 1500 hours without peeling, to complete the manufacture of the modular microchannel cooling plate with excellent heat transfer performance and corrosion resistance; then in step S17, assemble according to the layered structure of electrode - high thermal conductivity intermediate layer - microchannel cooling layer - shell. The high thermal conductivity intermediate layer uses a copper plate with a thickness of 5 mm and a thermal conductivity of 401 W / (m·K), and use thermal conductive silicone grease to fill the contact surface gap, the thermal conductivity is 5.0 W / (m·K), and the interlayer contact thermal resistance is controlled within 0.01 Next, the microchannel cooling plate is fixed with M6 stainless steel bolts, the torque is set to 15 N·m, the seal uses a fluororubber O-ring with a thickness of 2 mm, the hardness is Shore A70, and the temperature resistance range is -40 °C to 200 °C. The coolant input pipeline uses a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 12 mm, and the output pipeline uses a stainless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 15 mm. The pipeline connection uses quick-connect joints to ensure convenient disassembly and assembly, and the joint sealing grade reaches IP67. Conduct a sealing test with a helium leak detector, and the leak rate is less than , a complete coolant flow circuit and excellent sealing performance data are obtained; finally, in step S18, a Grundfos CR20-2 circulation pump is used to establish a test circuit, the cooling medium is deionized water with a conductivity less than 5 μS / cm, the test flow rate is set to 200 L / min, the inlet temperature is controlled at 20 °C, the system pressure is set to 25 bar, which is 1.25 times the working pressure, and the test runs continuously for 120 minutes. The temperature distribution is monitored by K-type thermocouples installed in each channel. The temperature uniformity deviation in the microchannel is controlled within the range of ±3 °C. The cooling power of a single module reaches 8.5 kW, the cooling efficiency is a temperature drop of 18 °C per liter of flow rate, the pressure loss is 1.2 bar, and the flow rate distribution uniformity deviation is less than ±3%. Through the comprehensive calibration of the flow meter, pressure gauge, and temperature sensor, the geometric parameters of the cooling channel are determined, including an equivalent diameter of 0.72 mm, a hydraulic diameter of 0.95 mm, a heat transfer area of 2.8 modules, a flow resistance coefficient of 0.035, and a heat transfer coefficient of 12500 .

[0026] Through the systematic analysis of the materials and structures of the main body shell of the electrolytic cell, the present invention realizes the precise design and efficient manufacturing of the microchannel cooling system, significantly improves the thermal management performance and structural safety. By scientifically planning and precisely machining the microchannel processing paths on the inner wall and the back of the electrode, the layout of the cooling channels is more reasonable, and the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, effectively meeting the heat load requirements of the key heat dissipation areas. By optimizing the microchannel diameter and selecting materials with high thermal conductivity and alkali corrosion resistance, the heat conduction ability and service life of the cooling plate are significantly enhanced, ensuring the stable operation of the system under harsh working conditions. The layered structure design combined with the sealing treatment and the reasonable configuration of the flow path not only realizes the efficient circulation of the coolant flow and good sealing performance, but also improves the reliability and maintenance convenience of the overall system. Finally, through the performance test and parameter calibration of the coolant flow circuit, the accuracy of the cooling system design and the actual application effect are ensured, providing a solid technical guarantee for the temperature control of the electrolytic cell.

[0027] Preferably, step S2 includes the following steps: Step S21: Conduct a heat load analysis on the internal structure of the electrolytic cell, identify the thermal-sensitive characteristics of the electrode plate, gas-liquid contact area, and gas outlet area of the electrolytic cell, and generate a distribution map of key thermal-sensitive areas; Step S22: Based on the distribution map of key thermal-sensitive areas, deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermal-sensitive areas to construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network, and obtain the structure of the deployed sensing system; Step S23: Periodically collect the temperatures of the key thermal-sensitive areas based on the structure of the deployed sensing system to obtain real-time temperature data.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present invention, first, a thermal load analysis operation is performed on the internal structure of the electrolytic cell tank. This operation is based on the structure drawing of the electrolytic cell tank and the thermal power design parameters. Using the steady-state heat conduction module in the finite element analysis software Ansys Fluent, zone-by-zone modeling is carried out for the electrode plate area, the gas-liquid mixing area, and the gas outlet section. The boundary conditions are set as the heating power density in the electrode area is 50 , the convective heat transfer coefficient in the gas-liquid contact area is 800 , the initial wall temperature in the gas outlet area is set at 50°C. The temperature distribution data is output through simulation calculation, and the areas with a local temperature gradient greater than 15°C / cm are extracted to generate a distribution map of key thermally sensitive areas. This map is output in CAD format for the basis of sensor layout; Subsequently, under the guidance of the distribution map of key thermally sensitive areas, flexible micro temperature sensor arrays are respectively arranged at the upper and lower boundaries of the electrode plate and the middle area of the gas-liquid mixing area. Each array is composed of 25 platinum resistance sensors with a diameter of 1 mm and a thermocouple accuracy of ±0.2°C. The sensor array is fixed on the inner wall of the shell using a PI flexible substrate and an adhesive. The sensor leads are led out through a sealed hole and connected to a multi-channel parallel data acquisition card. This data acquisition card has a 16-bit ADC resolution, a sampling frequency of 10 Hz, and no less than 32 input channels. All layout operations are assisted by a six-axis robot equipped with a vision recognition system to ensure the accurate positioning and bonding of the sensors. After the sensor layout is completed, an insulating and corrosion-resistant coating is immediately used for secondary protection; After the layout is completed, the data acquisition system starts to work. The temperature values of all sensors are collected every 1 second in a cyclic scanning manner, and the data is transmitted to the main control unit through the RS485 bus. There is data caching and comparison logic in the control unit. Each data point is processed by a 3-point moving average, and after the error values are eliminated, they are synchronously written into the database, and at the same time, the real-time temperature data is output.

[0029] Through the accurate thermal load analysis of the internal structure of the electrolytic cell tank, the present invention realizes the accurate identification and positioning of key thermally sensitive areas, ensures that temperature monitoring covers key parts such as the electrode plate, the gas-liquid contact area, and the gas outlet area, and greatly improves the pertinence and effectiveness of thermal field perception. The deployment of the flexible micro temperature sensor array constructs a high-density and multi-point temperature monitoring network, realizes the comprehensive, continuous and real-time monitoring of complex thermal environments, helps to capture temperature fluctuations and hot spot changes in a timely manner, improves the accuracy and response speed of the system temperature control, and thus effectively guarantees the operation safety and thermal stability of the electrolytic cell tank.

[0030] Preferably, in step S3, the topology optimization design of the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels includes: Setting the boundary conditions of the coolant inlet and outlet based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain the boundary constraint parameters; Screening the cooling target areas based on the distribution map of key thermally sensitive areas to obtain a set of high heat flux target areas; Jointly model the boundary constraint parameters and the set of high heat flux target regions to obtain the input values for bionic topology optimization; Initialize the input values for bionic topology optimization to obtain a fish gill-shaped basic flow channel template; Iteratively solve the fish gill-shaped basic flow channel template to obtain the coolant path distribution structure; Perform fluid simulation calculations on the coolant path distribution structure to obtain pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency data; Modify the coolant path distribution structure based on the pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency data to obtain the coolant flow field structure.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, first obtain the calibrated cooling channel geometric parameters in step S1. The cooling channel geometric parameters include that the microchannel diameter ranges from 100 μm to 1 mm, the channel length ranges from 80 mm to 120 mm, the inner wall plane size of the shell is 200 mm × 300 mm, and the channel arrangement pitch is fixed at 2 mm; set the coolant inlet and outlet boundary conditions according to these geometric parameters. The inlet pressure is set to 0.2 MPa, the outlet pressure is the atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa, the coolant fluid property is water, the temperature is 20 °C, and the density is 998 , with a dynamic viscosity of 0.001 Pa·s, set the coolant flow rate to 0.6 L / min, and form a boundary constraint parameter set through calculation; secondly, combined with the key thermally sensitive area distribution map generated in step S2, screen all areas with local temperatures exceeding 55 °C in the temperature distribution map as high heat flux target areas, divide each area into 5 mm × 5 mm grids, and summarize to form a high heat flux target area set, which contains a total of 52 thermally sensitive grid points; then, jointly process the boundary constraint parameter set and the high heat flux target area set, adopt the CAD two-dimensional structure superposition and path layout method, set that the coolant must pass through all thermally sensitive grids and the shortest path of the channel does not exceed 150 mm, and on this basis, construct an initial map of the cooling channel distribution in an irregular parallel arrangement; then, taking the radial channel structure of the natural biological fish gill as a template, establish equally spaced radial main channels and lead branch channels to the target areas, so that the coolant can flow from the inlet through the main channels and then sequentially enter each target area and finally converge into the outlet main channel to complete the initialization of the fish gill-shaped basic flow channel template; then perform an iterative process on this template. Through the flow rate and heat flux matching principle, in each round of iteration, compare the flow rate distribution of the coolant in each channel with the heat flux value of the area where it is located in proportion. When the heat flux corresponding to a certain channel exceeds the cooling capacity, increase the diameter of this channel by 5%, and when it is insufficient, reduce the diameter by 3%. Continuously iterate not less than 20 rounds until the difference between the heat flux and the cooling capacity of the areas corresponding to all channels is less than 5%, so as to generate the coolant path distribution structure; next, use the CFX fluid simulation platform to perform three-dimensional modeling and steady-state calculation on the coolant path distribution structure. The grid used for calculation is a hexahedral structure, and each channel is divided into no less than 20,000 units. Input the coolant physical property parameters, inlet and outlet pressure conditions and initial velocity values. By solving the velocity field and temperature field of the coolant in each channel, extract the channel pressure drop value and the heat transfer coefficient values of each key area, and calculate that the pressure drop shall not exceed 0.15 MPa, and the minimum heat transfer coefficient shall not be lower than 250 , if the requirements are not met, return to the previous path distribution structure and adjust the branch channel angle and diameter, optimize the structure under the premise of unchanged boundary, and finally output the coolant flow field structure that meets the requirements of pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency.

[0032] Through the topology optimization design based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels, the present invention realizes the highly optimized and intelligent layout of the microchannel coolant flow path, effectively improving the flow uniformity of the coolant in the key thermosensitive areas and the heat exchange efficiency. With the innovative design of the bionic fish gill-shaped flow channel structure, not only the hydrodynamic performance is optimized, the system pressure drop is significantly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, but also the targeted coverage of the coolant for the high heat flux areas is enhanced, effectively suppressing the formation of local hot spots. The introduction of the fluid simulation and feedback correction mechanism realizes the dynamic optimization of the coolant flow field structure, ensuring that the cooling system has excellent thermal management capabilities and operating stability under actual working conditions, thereby significantly improving the overall thermal stability and energy utilization efficiency of the electrolytic cell.

[0033] Preferably, calculating the flow rate distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure in step S3 includes: Partitioning and numbering the coolant flow field structure to obtain an identification coding table for each branch channel; Calculating the flow distance and channel cross-section of the coolant in each branch channel based on the identification coding table of each branch channel to obtain the resistance parameters of each branch; Allocating the coolant flow rate based on the numerical values of the resistance parameters of each branch to obtain a coolant flow velocity distribution scheme.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, first, based on the coolant flow field structure constructed in the previous step and taking the main branch path of the cooling channel as the basis, through the two-dimensional CAD drawing combined with the actual channel layout result for spatial partitioning, the entire coolant flow field is divided into 27 independent branch channels, and each branch channel is set a unique identification number. The numbering method is sequentially marked according to the flow direction from the inlet to the outlet, from channel number T01 to T27, generating an identification coding table for the branch channels including the number, start and end coordinates, and spatial position; subsequently, according to the start and end coordinates of each channel in the identification coding table, through the spatial distance formula Calculate the center line length of each branch channel, with the accuracy controlled within ±0.1 mm. At the same time, read the cross-sectional geometric parameters of each branch channel in the coolant flow field structure. The channel type is a rectangular cross-section, the channel width ranges from 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, and the height is fixed at 0.5 mm. Combining the physical property parameters of water ρ = 998 , μ = 0.001 Pa·s, and using the Darcy-Weisbach formula Calculate the resistance coefficient of each channel, where the equivalent hydraulic diameter , is the channel width, is the channel height, The resistance coefficient is determined by looking up a table after judging the flow regime through the Reynolds number Re = ρvD_h / μ. Finally, a resistance parameter data table for each branch channel is formed, including the channel number, flow distance, equivalent hydraulic diameter, resistance coefficient, and pressure drop coefficient. After obtaining the resistance parameters of each branch, according to the principle of fluid series and parallel flow conservation, the flow distribution principle is used to make the total flow rate Q = 0.6 L / min be distributed in each branch channel to ensure that the sum of the pressure drops remains the same, that is, in each channel, make , where is the flow rate of the branch, is the cross-sectional area, is the resistance coefficient, is the channel length. After the calculation is completed, organize the values of all branches and calculate the average flow velocity , and obtain the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme. The flow velocity in each channel in the scheme is controlled between 0.3 m / s and 1.2 m / s, and the sum of the cumulative flow rates of all channels is equal to the set total inlet flow rate value.

[0035] Through the systematic partitioning and precise coding of the coolant flow field structure, the present invention realizes the detailed identification and quantitative analysis of each branch channel, effectively revealing the resistance distribution characteristics in the flow path. Based on the scientific calculation of resistance parameters and flow distribution, the coolant realizes a reasonable and balanced flow velocity distribution among each branch, optimizing the flow efficiency and heat exchange effect of the coolant, avoiding the problem of uneven cooling caused by too high or too low local flow velocity, thereby improving the thermal management performance and operation stability of the overall cooling system, and further ensuring the temperature balance and safe operation of the electrolytic cell.

[0036] Preferably, step S4 includes the following steps: Step S41: Based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, set the rated flow velocity, adjustment frequency range, and start-up pressure parameters of the variable-frequency pump to obtain the initial operation parameters of the variable-frequency pump; Step S42: Based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, divide the flow control sections of the electric control valve group and set the initial opening values of each section to obtain the opening parameters of the electric control valve group; Step S43: Based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, install turbine flow sensors, micro differential pressure sensors, and flow velocity imaging components in each branch channel to construct a micro-channel flow monitoring network to obtain a monitoring point distribution map; Step S44: Based on the initial operation parameters of the variable-frequency pump, the opening parameters of the electric control valve group, and the monitoring point distribution map, set the real-time monitoring logic and sampling period of the coolant to obtain the operation parameters of the cooling equipment; Step S45: Based on the operation parameters of the cooling equipment, perform multi-point synchronous monitoring on the flow state of the coolant in the micro-channel to obtain the coolant flow state data.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, first, in step S41, according to the obtained coolant flow rate distribution scheme, a cooling system with a rated total flow rate of 0.6 L / min is selected. The maximum flow rate in 27 microchannel branches is 1.2 m / s, and the minimum is 0.3 m / s. Calculate that the required total head is not less than 30 kPa. Select a high-precision brushless DC variable-frequency pump with a rated flow rate of 0.65 L / min, an output head range of 10 kPa to 50 kPa, a regulation frequency range of 30 Hz to 80 Hz, and a starting pressure parameter set to 15 kPa. The control interface of the variable-frequency pump is an RS485 standard interface, and the power supply voltage is 24V DC. Set the initial working frequency to 50 Hz and synchronously output the initial operation parameters; enter step S42. According to the flow rate values of the 27 branches in the coolant flow rate distribution scheme, divide them into 6 control sections with every 5 branches as a group, and the remaining 2 branches form the 7th section. Each control section is equipped with an electro-hydraulic proportional valve. The response time of the proportional valve is less than 50 ms, and the working voltage is 12V DC. The control method uses PWM pulse width modulation. Set the initial opening value of each section corresponding to the flow rate percentage of each section. For example, in a total flow rate of 0.6 L / min, if the flow rate of a certain section is 0.12 L / min, then the initial opening of the valve in this section is set to 20% of the maximum opening. Write all the opening parameters into the electro-hydraulic valve group controller; in step S43, in combination with the coolant flow rate distribution scheme and the branch numbering result, install a turbine-type micro flow sensor with a diameter not greater than 1.5 mm at the inlet section of each branch channel. The response time is less than 20 ms, and the accuracy is ±0.05 L / min. Install a chip-type piezoelectric micro differential pressure sensor in the middle of the channel, with a measurement range of 0–50 kPa and a resolution of 0.5 kPa. Deploy a flow velocity imaging component based on fluorescence tracer imaging at the outlet section of the channel, with an imaging frequency not less than 60 frames per second. The three types of sensors are connected to the lower data acquisition board through a dedicated micro connector to form a complete microchannel flow monitoring network. Generate a monitoring point distribution map based on the sensor layout coordinates. The layout quantity is 3 per channel, for a total of 81 monitoring points; enter step S44. Integrate the initial operation parameters of the variable-frequency pump, the opening parameters of the electro-hydraulic valve group, and the monitoring point distribution map. Connect all the control and acquisition modules to the central control unit through the industrial Ethernet. Set the monitoring logic to parallel acquisition, caching, sorting, and comparison based on the channel number. The sampling period is 0.5 times per second, the data cache depth is 30 groups, and all operating parameters are indexed in the control logic according to the channel number and updated and written into the cooling equipment operating parameter table in real time. Finally, in step S45, according to the cooling equipment operating parameters, the multi-point synchronous monitoring of the microchannel coolant flow state is carried out. The control logic sequentially triggers the sensors to work, collects the inlet flow rate, middle-section pressure difference and outlet velocity field image of each channel, calculates the instantaneous flow rate, pressure drop value and flow vector distribution respectively, and summarizes the three types of data under the same time stamp, generates structured coolant flow state data in units of channels, and completes a complete data update in each sampling period. The data storage format is a two-dimensional matrix structure.

[0038] Through the scientific setting of the operating parameters of the variable-frequency pump and the electronically controlled valve group based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, the present invention realizes the precise adjustment and efficient control of the cooling equipment, and improves the response speed and flexibility of the system to the change of flow demand. Equipped with a variety of high-precision flow and pressure difference sensors and flow velocity imaging components, a perfect microchannel flow monitoring network is constructed, which can realize the multi-point synchronous real-time monitoring of the coolant flow state, and greatly enhances the system's perception ability and diagnostic ability of the flow field change. Combined with reasonable monitoring logic and sampling period, it ensures the continuity and accuracy of data collection, provides a reliable basis for the dynamic adjustment and optimal control of the cooling equipment, and thus effectively guarantees the stable operation and energy efficiency optimization of the cooling system.

[0039] Preferably, step S5 includes the following steps: Step S51: Align the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data in space and time to obtain a synchronous monitoring data set; Step S52: Calibrate the thermal physical properties parameters of the electrolytic cell shell material based on the synchronous monitoring data set to obtain a material thermal parameter table; Step S53: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the electrolytic cell based on the cooling channel geometric parameters and the material thermal parameter table, and perform mesh division to obtain a discretized calculation mesh; Step S54: Solve the numerical value of the transient heat conduction-convection coupling equation based on the discretized calculation mesh to obtain a temperature field spatio-temporal distribution matrix; Step S55: Perform cloud map rendering and gradient calculation on the temperature field spatio-temporal distribution matrix to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, first, in step S51, real-time temperature data from the multi-point temperature monitoring network and coolant flow state data from the micro-channel flow monitoring network are acquired. All data are sampled at a period of 0.5 seconds. The temperature data consists of a triple of channel number, sensor number, and timestamp. The flow state data includes inlet flow velocity, channel pressure drop, and outlet flow direction distribution. The three are aligned according to a unified time reference. A high-precision real-time clock synchronizer is used to ensure that the time error between the temperature and flow data does not exceed 10 ms. At the same time, the data is registered in terms of position based on the spatial coordinates of the sensors, and a three-dimensional coordinate mapping table is established in millimeters, thus forming a complete synchronized monitoring data set. In step S52, using the temperature change rate and coolant velocity distribution data recorded at different time points in the synchronized monitoring data set, combined with the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation and Newton's cooling formula , the heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of each monitoring point are extracted respectively. Given the heat flux density and temperature gradient, the thermal conductivity k is calculated. Given the surface temperature and coolant temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient h is calculated. The thermal physical properties of each region of the electrolytic cell shell are obtained by fitting respectively, including the thermal conductivity k in the range of 120–180 W / (m·K), and the thermal diffusivity α is to , which are sorted into a material thermal parameter table. Subsequently, step S53 is executed. The cooling channel geometric parameters in step S1 and the material thermal parameter table in step S52 are imported into the three-dimensional structure construction platform. By precisely scanning the outer shell and internal micro-channel structure of the electrolytic cell body, a complete three-dimensional geometric model is established at a scale of 1:1. The minimum structural feature of the channel is 0.1 mm. A hexahedral structured grid meshing tool is used for discretization operation, controlling the minimum grid size to be 0.05 mm, the maximum grid size not exceeding 1 mm, and the total number of grids controlled within 1.5 million to ensure both calculation accuracy and solution speed, and finally a discretized computational grid is generated. In step S54, a combined solution method of transient heat conduction and fluid convection under the principle of energy conservation is adopted. The explicit time marching method is used to gradually solve the discrete control volume. The time step is controlled to be 0.1 second, the calculation duration is set to 300 seconds, and the total number of iteration steps is 3000 steps. The boundary conditions are set as the inlet liquid temperature being constantly 20 °C, the inlet liquid flow rate being 0.6 L / min, and the outer shell convective boundary being a natural cooling coefficient of 10 . A local heat balance calculation is performed for each grid cell to obtain the temperature value at the grid node. The output format of the temperature field is a three-dimensional coordinate matrix and a timestamp array, forming a complete spatio-temporal distribution matrix of the temperature field. Finally, in step S55, post-processing is performed on the spatio-temporal distribution matrix of the temperature field. The temperature distribution at different time levels is rendered as a pseudo-color thermal cloud map through the VTK graphics rendering engine, with a temperature resolution of 0.1 °C. At the same time, the temperature gradients in the x, y, and z directions are calculated for each time frame , extract the area where the gradient is greater than 20 °C / cm and display it in red to generate a dynamic thermal field distribution map.

[0041] Through the spatio-temporal alignment of real-time temperature and flow state data, the present invention constructs a synchronous monitoring data set, improving the accuracy of data-driven thermal analysis; combined with the calibration of material thermal property parameters, enhancing the model's ability to reflect actual working conditions; through high-precision three-dimensional geometric modeling and mesh generation, providing a reliable basis for numerical simulation; solving the transient heat conduction-convection coupling equation to achieve dynamic and accurate simulation of the thermal field evolution process; finally, through the visual rendering of the thermal field matrix and temperature gradient analysis, comprehensively presenting the internal thermal distribution characteristics of the electrolytic cell, significantly improving the scientific nature of system thermal management and decision-making support capabilities.

[0042] Particularly importantly, step S52 includes the following steps: Step S521: Discretize the channel section of the modular microchannel cooling plate based on the operating parameters of the cooling device and the coolant flow state data to obtain the local distribution matrix of the coolant flow rate. Step S522: Solve the fluid-thermal coupling of each microchannel section based on the local distribution matrix of the coolant flow rate and the real-time temperature data to obtain the Nusselt number distribution data. Step S523: Based on the Nusselt number distribution data, perform inverse calculation of the local convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat transfer surface of each microchannel unit to obtain the local heat transfer coefficient distribution map.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, first in step S521, according to the rated coolant flow rate range (1.2 - 3.5 m / s) set by the initial operating parameters of the variable-frequency pump and the opening parameters of the electric control valve group configured in step S4, as well as the pressure difference distribution data real-time feedback by the micro differential pressure sensor, combined with the branch flow rate data collected by the turbine flow sensors arranged in each branch channel, identify and number the channels inside the modular microchannel cooling plate, and divide the cooling plate into the smallest calculation unit sections according to the geometric structure data, with the area of each section limited to 1 - 5 , and then calculate the average flow rate value of the coolant in each channel section by the flow rate value interpolation method at each sensing point to construct the local distribution matrix of the coolant flow rate; in step S522, use the coolant flow rate value corresponding to each channel section in the local distribution matrix and the temperature data real-time collected by the multi-point temperature monitoring network in step S2, obtain the physical properties of the coolant (such as density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity) by the look-up table method, and substitute them into the dimensionless number formula for calculation respectively, where the Reynolds number and Prandtl number are used to determine the Nusselt number, and the coolant working temperature is controlled in the range of 30 - 70 °C, and the Nusselt number calculation formula is used , and calculate for each channel segment in sequence, finally obtaining the Nusselt number distribution data; in step S523, substitute the Nusselt number obtained in step S522 into the convective heat transfer coefficient expression h = Nu·k / D_h, where k is the thermal conductivity of the coolant at the current temperature, and D_h is the hydraulic diameter of the channel (defined as 100–500 μm in the microchannel structure), calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the heat transfer surface of each microchannel unit, and generate a local heat transfer coefficient distribution map within the cooling structure area after summarizing all the calculation results.

[0044] In the present invention, by finely discretizing the coolant flow in the modular microchannel cooling plate, an accurate description of the local distribution of the coolant flow velocity is achieved, and the fineness of the hydrodynamic analysis is improved. Combining with the real-time temperature data to carry out fluid-thermal coupling solution, the Nusselt number distribution of each microchannel segment is obtained, which accurately reflects the change characteristics of the local heat transfer performance and heat transfer efficiency. Based on the Nusselt number data, the local convective heat transfer coefficient is inversely deduced, realizing the fine-grained heat transfer performance evaluation of the heat transfer surface, providing a scientific basis for the optimal design and dynamic regulation of the cooling system, and thus significantly improving the thermal management effect of the microchannel cooling plate and the overall thermal stability of the system.

[0045] Preferably, step S6 includes the following steps: Step S61: Perform regional segmentation on the dynamic thermal field distribution map, and identify the temperature abnormally concentrated areas in the electrolytic cell to obtain the hot spot area positioning data; Step S62: Calculate the temperature difference of each thermal sensitive interval based on the hot spot area positioning data and the real-time temperature data to obtain the temperature deviation data; Step S63: Evaluate the thermal stability of multiple regions of the electrolytic cell based on the temperature deviation data and the spatio-temporal distribution matrix of the temperature field to obtain the thermal stability evaluation result; Step S64: Based on the thermal stability evaluation result, link the variable frequency pump, the electric control valve group and the flow regulating device to dynamically adjust the coolant flow velocity and the distribution structure to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, first in step S61, based on the dynamic thermal field distribution map obtained in step S5, using the geometric boundary defined in the electrolytic cell structure database and the cooling channel number table, the overall thermal field is divided into several regional units, and the area of each unit is not greater than 5 , and then by calculating the maximum and minimum differences of the temperature values within each regional unit and comparing them with a set threshold (the threshold is fixed at 12 °C), the areas with temperature differences exceeding the threshold are marked as temperature anomaly concentration areas. The hotspot area positioning data is generated through the summary of the markings, and this data includes the spatial position, area, and average temperature value of the hotspot area in the structural coordinate system; in step S62, by matching the spatial coordinates in the hotspot area positioning data with the real-time temperature data collected by the temperature sensor array in step S2, a one-to-one temperature difference calculation is performed for the low-temperature areas adjacent to each hotspot area. The central difference method is used to calculate the temperature gradient between each hotspot area and its corresponding low-temperature area, and it is recorded in the form of °C / cm. If there are multiple monitoring points in a single area, the average value is used to represent it, and finally, the complete temperature deviation data is generated; in step S63, combined with the temperature field spatio-temporal distribution matrix obtained in step S5, the temperature deviation data is substituted into the corresponding heat transfer paths of each structural area, and the thermal stability coefficient of each structural unit is calculated according to Fourier's law and the energy conservation equation. The thermal stability coefficient is expressed as the ratio of the actual temperature deviation value to the local heat transfer coefficient of the cooling channel, and the unit is , when the thermal stability coefficient is greater than 0.15, it is defined as local thermal instability. After traversing all areas, the thermal stability evaluation results are output, including three categories: stable areas, boundary areas, and unstable areas; in step S64, according to the numbers of the unstable areas in the thermal stability evaluation results, the coolant flow rate distribution scheme formed in step S3 and the list of the numbers of each branch channel set in step S4 are called, and a space mapping operation is performed to clarify the corresponding adjustment areas. The required coolant flow rate correction amount for the channel branches located in the hotspot areas is calculated, and the correction range does not exceed ±35%. Then, the control module of the cooling execution system controls the output frequency of the variable-frequency pump (range: 10–60 Hz), the opening degree of the electric control valve group (accuracy: 1°), and the displacement of the throttle valve of the flow regulating device (maximum not exceeding 0.5 mm) in a linked manner. After writing the new equipment operation parameters, the coolant flow field is reconstructed, and then the compliance of the flow rate and pressure drop of the new distribution scheme is checked through flow field simulation. Finally, an optimized coolant distribution scheme for the next cycle of operation is generated and recorded and updated by the cooling path topology optimization module.

[0047] Through the precise regional segmentation and hotspot positioning of the dynamic thermal field distribution map, the present invention realizes the timely identification of the abnormal concentration of the temperature in the electrolytic cell, and improves the accuracy and pertinence of the temperature anomaly monitoring. By using the temperature deviation data in combination with the temperature field spatio-temporal distribution matrix, the thermal stability of multiple regions is scientifically evaluated, enhancing the overall control of the thermal safety and operating state of the system. Based on the evaluation results, the cooling equipment is dynamically linked to realize the real-time optimization adjustment of the coolant flow rate and distribution structure, effectively suppressing the formation of hotspots, improving the thermal uniformity and stability of the system, and thus significantly ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the electrolytic cell and the energy utilization efficiency.

[0048] Particularly importantly, step S64 includes the following steps: Step S641: Perform spatial mapping on the hot spot areas and low heat areas in the electrolytic water tank based on the thermal stability evaluation result data to obtain a distribution map of target adjustment areas; Step S642: Adjust and analyze the flow branches in the hot spot areas based on the distribution map of target adjustment areas and the coolant flow rate distribution scheme to obtain the corrected parameters of the flow rate of the branch to be adjusted; Step S643: Control the variable frequency pump, the electronic control valve group and the flow rate adjustment device based on the corrected parameters of the flow rate of the branch to be adjusted, perform real-time parameter writing operations, and obtain the operating parameters of the adjusted cooling equipment; Step S644: Conduct structural analysis and flow field simulation verification on the operating parameters of the adjusted cooling equipment to generate an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, first, in step S641, based on the thermal stability evaluation results obtained in step S6, spatial mapping operations are performed on each hot spot area and the corresponding low heat area. Using the three-dimensional geometric structure coordinates of the electrolytic water tank housing as a reference system, by calculating the spatial distance between the unstable area and the adjacent stable area in the thermal stability grading data, it is identified that the spatial distance is less than 8 cm and the thermal stability difference coefficient is greater than 0.1 The area pairs, combined with the channel numbers in the microchannel cooling structure modeling module, mark the range of channel numbers covering the hot spot area and the transition area, and finally draw a target adjustment area distribution map, which represents the channel positions and adjustment priorities in the form of a two-dimensional grid map; in step S642, according to the range of channel numbers in the target adjustment area distribution map and the initial flow velocity values in the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme generated in step S3, by analyzing the corresponding relationship between the flow velocity of each branch in the hot spot area and its corresponding temperature deviation value, the flow velocity in the area where the temperature deviation is greater than 6°C is increased by no more than 30% according to the linear ratio method, and the flow velocity in the area where the temperature gradient is lower than 3°C / cm is decreased by no more than 15%, and the total flow rate is ensured to be constant. After calculation, summarize the channel numbers of all the branches that need to be adjusted and the target flow velocity values to form the flow velocity correction parameters of the branches to be adjusted; in step S643, according to the flow velocity correction parameters of the branches to be adjusted, an operation instruction is sent to the cooling execution system control module, where the output frequency accuracy of the variable-frequency pump is not less than 1 Hz, the electric control valve group finely adjusts the valve opening degree in units of 1° through the actuator, and the micro throttle valve of the flow regulating device performs a step control with a maximum displacement not exceeding 0.4 mm. All instructions are sent through the CAN bus protocol and written into the cooling equipment operation control unit in real time. After completion, new adjusted cooling equipment operation parameters are generated; in step S644, using the coolant flow field structure information provided by the cooling path topology optimization module, apply the adjusted operation parameters to the hydrodynamic equation to solve the pressure and velocity of each channel. Adopt the finite area difference method to check the pressure drop value and the actual flow velocity value of all branches. If the flow velocity deviation exceeds ±5% or the local pressure drop exceeds 200 Pa, readjust the valve opening degree of the corresponding branch and solve again. Finally, after confirming that all the adjusted operation parameters meet the cooling channel structure boundary conditions and the system stability requirements, output the optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0050] The present invention accurately maps the thermal stability evaluation results to the hot spots and low-temperature areas in the electrolytic cell, realizes the spatial precise positioning of the coolant flow rate adjustment, and improves the pertinence and effectiveness of the adjustment strategy. Based on the target adjustment area and the flow velocity distribution scheme, scientifically adjust the flow branches in the hot spot area to ensure the reasonable allocation and efficient utilization of cooling resources. Combined with the real-time control technology, realizes the dynamic parameter update of the variable-frequency pump, the electric control valve group and the flow regulating device, and improves the system response speed and adjustment accuracy. Through the structural analysis of the adjustment parameters and the verification of the flow field simulation, the scientificity and practicability of the optimized coolant distribution scheme are ensured, thereby significantly enhancing the thermal management ability and the overall operation efficiency of the electrolytic cell.

[0051] Preferably, the present invention also provides a temperature control and management system for an electrolytic cell, which is used to execute the temperature control and management method of the electrolytic cell as described above. The temperature control and management system for the electrolytic cell includes: A microchannel cooling structure modeling module, which is used to process the microchannel structure of the main shell of the electrolytic cell tank, embed a modular microchannel cooling plate, and obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channels; A multi-point temperature monitoring and sensing module, which is used to identify the key thermosensitive areas of the electrolytic cell tank; deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive areas to construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network; collect data in real time based on the multi-point temperature monitoring network to obtain real-time temperature data; A cooling path topology optimization module, which is used to topologically optimize and design the flow path of the microchannel coolant based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain the coolant flow field structure; calculate the flow rate distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure to obtain a coolant flow velocity distribution scheme; A cooling execution system control module, which is used to deploy and configure a variable frequency pump, an electric control valve group and a flow regulating device based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme to obtain the operating parameters of the cooling equipment; monitor the coolant flow state data in the microchannel in real time based on the operating parameters of the cooling equipment; A thermal field modeling and analysis module, which is used to construct a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell tank based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; A thermal stability regulation and optimization module, which is used to identify the hot spot areas in the dynamic thermal field distribution map, analyze the temperature gradient to obtain temperature deviation data; evaluate the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell tank based on the temperature deviation data, and dynamically adjust the variable frequency pump, the electric control valve group and the flow regulating device based on the thermal stability evaluation result to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

[0052] Preferably, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the temperature control management method of the electrolytic cell tank described above is implemented.

[0053] Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is not limited by the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the application document are intended to be included in the present invention.

[0054] The above description is only the specific implementation manners of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features invented herein.

Claims

1. A temperature control management method for an electrolytic water tank, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step S1: Process the main shell of the electrolytic cell tank to have a microchannel structure to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channels; Step S2: Identify the key thermosensitive areas of the electrolytic cell tank; Deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive areas, construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network, and collect data in real time to obtain real-time temperature data; Step S3: Topologically optimize and design the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain the coolant flow field structure; Calculate the flow rate distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure to obtain the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme; Step S4: Deploy and configure a variable-frequency pump, an electric control valve group, and a flow regulating device based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme, and monitor the coolant flow state data in the microchannels in real time; Step S5: Construct a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell tank based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data, and perform model visualization to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; Step S6: Identify the hot spot areas in the dynamic thermal field distribution map, analyze the temperature gradient to obtain temperature deviation data; Evaluate the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell tank based on the temperature deviation data, and dynamically adjust the variable-frequency pump, the electric control valve group, and the flow regulating device using the thermal stability evaluation results to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

2. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes the following steps: Step S11: Conduct material analysis and structural evaluation on the main shell of the electrolytic cell tank respectively to obtain the thermal conductivity performance data and the shell bearing performance data; Step S12: Plan the microchannel processing path on the inner wall and the back of the electrode of the main shell of the electrolytic cell tank based on the thermal conductivity performance data and the shell bearing performance data to obtain the microchannel layout scheme; Step S13: Conduct precision machining on the electrolytic cell tank shell based on the microchannel layout scheme to obtain the microchannel tank structure; Step S14: Identify the key heat dissipation areas based on the preset electrode layout in the electrolytic cell tank, generate a heat load distribution map, and determine the heat dissipation requirement parameters based on the heat load distribution map; Step S15: Optimize the microchannel diameter size based on the heat dissipation requirement parameters to obtain the microchannel geometric size parameters, where the diameter range is 100μm - 1mm; Step S16: Manufacture a cooling plate using a high thermal conductivity material based on the microchannel geometric size parameters, and apply an alkali-resistant corrosion protection coating to obtain a modular microchannel cooling plate; Step S17: Install and fix the modular microchannel cooling plate based on the microchannel tank structure to form a layered structure of electrode - high thermal conductivity intermediate layer - microchannel cooling layer - outer shell, and perform sealing treatment and connection pipeline configuration to obtain the coolant flow circuit and the sealing performance data; Step S18: Test the overall microchannel cooling performance based on the coolant flow circuit and calibrate the parameters to obtain the geometric parameters of the cooling channels.

3. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S21: Conduct a heat load analysis on the internal structure of the electrolytic cell tank, identify the thermosensitive characteristics of the electrode plate, the gas-liquid contact area, and the gas outlet area of the electrolytic cell tank, and generate a key thermosensitive area distribution map; Step S22: Based on the critical thermosensitive area distribution map, deploy a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the critical thermosensitive areas to construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network, and obtain the structure of the sensor system already arranged. Step S23: Periodically collect the temperatures of the critical thermosensitive areas based on the structure of the sensor system already arranged to obtain real-time temperature data.

4. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the topological optimization design of the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels includes: Set the boundary conditions of the coolant inlet and outlet based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain boundary constraint parameters. Screen the cooling target areas based on the critical thermosensitive area distribution map to obtain a set of high heat flux target areas. Perform joint modeling on the boundary constraint parameters and the set of high heat flux target areas to obtain the input values for bionic topological optimization. Initialize the input values for bionic topological optimization to obtain a fish gill-shaped basic flow channel template. Perform iterative solution on the fish gill-shaped basic flow channel template to obtain the coolant path distribution structure. Perform fluid simulation calculations on the coolant path distribution structure to obtain pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency data. Modify the coolant path distribution structure based on the pressure drop and heat transfer efficiency data to obtain the coolant flow field structure.

5. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the calculation of the flow rate distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure includes: Number the partitions of the coolant flow field structure to obtain an identification coding table for each branch channel. Calculate the flow distance and channel cross-section of the coolant in each branch channel based on the identification coding table of each branch channel to obtain the resistance parameters of each branch. Allocate the coolant flow rate based on the numerical values of the resistance parameters of each branch to obtain a coolant flow velocity distribution scheme.

6. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes the following steps: Step S41: Set the rated flow velocity, adjustment frequency range, and starting pressure parameters of the variable frequency pump based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme to obtain the initial operating parameters of the variable frequency pump. Step S42: Divide the flow control sections of the electric control valve group based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme and set the initial opening values of each section to obtain the opening parameters of the electric control valve group. Step S43: Deploy turbine flow sensors, micro differential pressure sensors, and flow velocity imaging components in each branch channel based on the coolant flow velocity distribution scheme to construct a microchannel flow monitoring network and obtain a monitoring point distribution map. Step S44: Set the real-time monitoring logic and sampling period of the coolant based on the initial operating parameters of the variable frequency pump, the opening parameters of the electric control valve group, and the monitoring point distribution map to obtain the operating parameters of the cooling equipment. Step S45: Perform multi-point synchronous monitoring on the flow state of the coolant in the microchannel based on the operating parameters of the cooling equipment to obtain coolant flow state data.

7. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 includes the following steps: Step S51: Align the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data in space and time to obtain a synchronous monitoring data set. Step S52: Calibrate the thermal physical properties parameters of the electrolytic cell shell material based on the synchronous monitoring data set to obtain a material thermal parameter table. Step S53: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the electrolytic cell based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels and the material thermal parameter table, and perform mesh division to obtain a discretized calculation mesh. Step S54: Solve the numerical value of the transient heat conduction-convection coupling equation based on the discretized calculation mesh to obtain the temperature field spatio-temporal distribution matrix. Step S55: Perform cloud map rendering and gradient calculation on the spatio-temporal distribution matrix of the temperature field to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map.

8. The temperature control management method of the electrolytic water tank according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S6 includes the following steps: Step S61: Segment the dynamic thermal field distribution map and identify the regions with abnormally concentrated temperature in the electrolytic cell tank to obtain hot spot area positioning data; Step S62: Calculate the temperature difference between each thermosensitive interval based on the hot spot area positioning data and the real-time temperature data to obtain temperature deviation data; Step S63: Evaluate the thermal stability of multiple regions of the electrolytic cell tank based on the temperature deviation data and the spatio-temporal distribution matrix of the temperature field to obtain a thermal stability evaluation result; Step S64: Based on the thermal stability evaluation result, link the variable frequency pump, the electric control valve group and the flow regulating device to dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate and the distribution structure to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

9. A temperature control and management system for an electrolytic water tank, characterized in that, For implementing the temperature control management method of the electrolytic cell tank as described in Claim 1, the temperature control management system of the electrolytic cell tank includes: A microchannel cooling structure modeling module for processing the main housing of the electrolytic cell tank to form a microchannel structure and obtaining the geometric parameters of the cooling channels; A multi-point temperature monitoring and sensing module for identifying the key thermosensitive regions of the electrolytic cell tank; deploying a flexible micro temperature sensor array in the key thermosensitive regions to construct a multi-point temperature monitoring network and collecting data in real time to obtain real-time temperature data; A cooling path topology optimization module for topologically optimizing and designing the microchannel coolant flow path based on the geometric parameters of the cooling channels to obtain a coolant flow field structure; calculating the flow rate distribution of each branch channel based on the coolant flow field structure to obtain a coolant flow rate distribution scheme; A cooling execution system control module for deploying and configuring a variable frequency pump, an electric control valve group and a flow regulating device based on the coolant flow rate distribution scheme and monitoring the coolant flow state data in the microchannels in real time; A thermal field modeling and analysis module for constructing a thermal field distribution model of the electrolytic cell tank based on the real-time temperature data and the coolant flow state data and performing model visualization to obtain a dynamic thermal field distribution map; A thermal stability regulation and optimization module for identifying the hot spot areas of the dynamic thermal field distribution map and analyzing the temperature gradient to obtain temperature deviation data; evaluating the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell tank based on the temperature deviation data and dynamically adjusting the variable frequency pump, the electric control valve group and the flow regulating device using the thermal stability evaluation result to obtain an optimized coolant distribution scheme.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program which, when executed, implements the temperature control management method of the electrolytic cell tank as described in any one of Claims 1-8.

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