A roadbed detection and sampling device for highway engineering supervision

Abstract

The present invention discloses a roadbed detection sampling device for highway engineering supervision in the field of roadbed detection technology. The device comprises a base plate with a through hole formed on the base plate, and further comprises: two frame plates, the two frame plates are detachably arranged on the base plate, and the two frame plates can be spliced ​​together to form a ring body; two limit members, the two limit members are both arranged on the base plate and symmetrically distributed about the center point of the base plate; in the present invention, when the size of the test hole excavation only needs to meet the requirement that the collar descends inside the test hole, the collar inside the test hole can be directly and firmly positioned by the test hole size, so that the test hole size is transformed from a through hole that is originally in a fixed position and does not change to the bottom end of the collar that gradually descends with the excavation depth of the test hole as the excavation reference, thereby avoiding the reference point of the test hole excavation size from being offset.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed detection, in particular to roadbed detection sampling equipment for highway engineering supervision. Background Art

[0002] In highway engineering supervision, the sand filling method is often used to measure the compaction of the roadbed during roadbed inspection and sampling. The method involves excavating a test hole on the roadbed and taking the soil inside the test hole as a sampling sample. The soil or aggregate in the test hole is then replaced with standard sand. The measured dry density of the sample is then calculated based on the moisture content of the soil to evaluate the compaction of the roadbed.

[0003] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, when taking soil samples, the base plate needs to be placed on the roadbed, and then the diameter O of the through hole on the base plate is used as a reference to ensure the diameter of the test hole during excavation. The more important factors affecting the accuracy of the roadbed test results are the size and shape of the test hole. That is, when excavating the test hole, it should be noted that the shape of the test hole should be cylindrical, avoiding the upper part being larger and the lower part being smaller, or the upper part being smaller and the lower part being larger. It is also necessary to avoid the irregular shape of the test hole causing the volume of the soil to change during sampling, thereby affecting the accuracy of the test.

[0004] In actual use, there are two factors that affect the excavation and sampling of test holes:

[0005] 1. As the test hole is excavated, the bottom plate needs to be lifted up several times to place the soil stored above into the container, which will cause the subsequent placement of the bottom plate to deviate from the first placement position, such as Figure 2 As shown, by extending the position Q where the bottom plate is first placed upward, it can be concluded that the excavation diameter of the test hole when the bottom plate is first placed is based on the distance L1 between the two vertical lines a. When the bottom plate is lifted for the first time or is put down after being lifted multiple times, the placement position P of the bottom plate will deviate from the position Q where the bottom plate is first placed. At this time, the excavation diameter of the test hole is likely to be based on the distance L2 between the two vertical lines b again, which will lead to an increase in the variable (error) due to the chiseling during the excavation of the test hole. At this time, the following will occur: Figure 4 The vertical ideal test hole side wall line T1 shown changes to the wavy actual test hole side wall T2, and thus the test hole diameter changes, causing changes in soil sampling, affecting the accuracy of subsequent testing;

[0006] 2. After the base plate is placed on the roadbed, the excavation size of the test hole is based on the through hole on the base plate. During excavation, the staff needs to visually inspect the actual size of the test hole after excavation and continuously repair and visually inspect the diameter of the test hole based on their own judgment. However, the staff's visual inspection is in a downward direction and they will squint at the size of the through hole and the test hole after excavation at different positions. That is, the staff's observation line R will be at the following position: Figure 3This will cause the size of the test hole to differ from the reference hole diameter O at different viewing angles (oblique view and top view at different positions), which will increase the variables during excavation and repair. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, with the increase of the excavation depth of the test hole, it is more likely to cause the variables to increase at different observation positions, thereby affecting the accuracy of sampling and the accuracy of subsequent test results. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a roadbed detection and sampling device for highway engineering supervision to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a roadbed detection and sampling device for highway engineering supervision, comprising a bottom plate with a through hole, and further comprising:

[0009] Two frame plates, the two frame plates are detachably arranged on the bottom plate, and the two frame plates can be spliced ​​together to form a ring body;

[0010] Two limiting members, both of which are arranged on the bottom plate and symmetrically distributed about the center point of the bottom plate;

[0011] Two support rods, both of which are L-shaped and are slidably connected to the two limiting members;

[0012] A plurality of collars are provided, and the collars are detachably connected to the support rods and can slide along both ends of the support rods. The diameter of the collars is equal to the diameter of the through holes on the bottom plate. The collars are used to be placed one by one on the support rods as the depth of the sand pit excavation increases so that the excavation of the sand pit can be regular.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the support rod and the limit piece are detachably connected, the inner walls of the two limit pieces are fixedly connected with wedge blocks, the inner walls on the left and right sides of the support rod are slidably connected with trigger rods, a first spring is fixedly connected between the trigger rod and the inner wall of the support rod, a plurality of one-way gears are rotatably provided on the trigger rod, the one-way gears can only rotate in one direction, the bottom of the support rod is inserted into the two limit pieces and when sliding downward, the wedge block will push the trigger rod to slide along the support rod, and the left and right side walls of the plurality of collars are fixedly connected to the first rack rod at the corresponding positions of the one-way gears.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, a supporting member is commonly provided below the two limiting members, and the supporting member is annular and slidably connected to the bottom plate.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, a gear ring is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and a gear rod is rotatably connected to each of the limit members. The two gear rods are engaged with the gear ring, and the ends of the two gear rods are engaged with a second rack rod. The two second rack rods are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the support rod. When the support member rotates, the gear rod engages with the gear ring and rotates, and the support rod and the ring sleeved on the support rod are driven to rise and fall inside the sand pit through the second rack rod.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, the collar is composed of two arc-shaped members and two connecting members, the two arc-shaped members are slidably connected to the two connecting members respectively, and the two arc-shaped members can slide along the support rod;

[0017] A turntable is slidably connected to the support member, and two push rods are rotatably connected to the top of the turntable. The other ends of the two push rods are rotatably connected to the ends of two limit members. The two limit members are slidably connected to the support member, and a second spring is fixedly connected between the limit members and the support member. A plurality of first armrests and a second armrest are fixedly connected to the support member and the turntable, and the bottom ends of the two support rods can slide relative to each other.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the left and right side walls of the two connecting members are fixedly connected with guide rods, and the side walls of the two arc-shaped members are provided with guide holes at positions corresponding to the guide rods.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention, both frame plates are provided with feeding holes.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention, two positioning grooves are provided on the bottom plate, and positioning ends are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two frame plates.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, when the size of the test hole excavation only needs to meet the requirements of the collar lowering inside the test hole, the collar inside the test hole can be directly and firmly positioned by the test hole size, so that the test hole size is transformed from a through hole that is originally in a fixed position to a collar that gradually lowers with the excavation depth of the test hole. The bottom end of the collar serves as the excavation reference, thereby avoiding deviation of the reference point of the test hole excavation size. Moreover, the reference only acts on the collar that can lower the collar and will not change due to changes in the visual viewpoint of the staff, thereby ensuring the regularity of the hole opening and size, avoiding excessive excavation, and ensuring that the amount of soil sampling will not deviate due to changes in the test hole size during subsequent soil sampling, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent test results. 2. According to the present invention, as the depth of the test hole increases, the number of collars inside it will also increase accordingly. However, the top of the collar will not protrude excessively above the horizontal plane of the bottom plate, thereby preventing interference with the workers' arm construction movements and excavation equipment during the excavation of the test hole. In addition, as the number of collars sunk into the test hole increases, the side walls of the test hole can be protected, preventing the workers from accidentally digging and colliding with the inner wall of the test hole during construction, thereby changing the size of the inner wall of the test hole. 3. After the two arc-shaped members approach each other, their side walls will no longer contact the inner wall of the test hole. Only the connecting member will contact the inner wall of the test hole. Then, after the test hole is excavated and the second handrail is kept tightly gripped and the support member is rotated to raise the support rod to the highest point, the friction between the collar and the inner wall of the test hole can be greatly reduced when the collar is removed from the test hole, thereby reducing damage to the soil layer on the inner wall of the excavated test hole, preventing soil from falling off, and thus improving the accuracy of soil sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the test hole to be excavated when the base plate is used as a reference;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the deviation of the base plate after the first placement and multiple placements;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the base plate and observation lines when observing at different positions;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram when the test hole size error is large;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a test hole when excavating based on the collar;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention's collar being inside a test hole;

[0031] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the depth of the test hole when the ring is added;

[0032] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the connection between the collar and the support rod of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the connection between the support rod, the trigger rod and the limiter of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the trigger rod and the wedge block when the support rod and the limit member are installed;

[0035] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the one-way gear and the first rack rod when the wedge-shaped block pushes the trigger rod and after the wedge-shaped block is out of contact with the trigger rod;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the base plate, the gear ring and the support member of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the turntable and the support member, and between the limit member and the push rod of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the connection between the gear rod, the push rod and the limiter of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the push rod and the limiting member when the turntable of the present invention rotates relative to the supporting member;

[0040] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the arc-shaped member of the present invention before and after sliding along the connecting member;

[0041] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the collar and the test hole before and after lowering;

[0042] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship between two supporting rods of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 21 This is a partial schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the bottom plate and the frame plate of the present invention.

[0044] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0045] 1. Base plate; 2. Frame plate; 3. Limiting member; 4. Support rod; 5. Ring; 6. Wedge block; 7. Trigger rod; 8. First spring; 9. One-way gear; 10. First rack rod; 11. Support member; 12. Ring gear; 13. Gear rod; 14. Second rack rod; 15. Arc member; 16. Connecting member; 17. Turntable; 18. Push rod; 19. Second spring; 20. First handrail; 21. Second handrail; 22. Guide rod; 23. Cutting hole; 24. Positioning slot; 25. Positioning end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] See also Figures 1-21 The present invention provides a technical solution: a roadbed detection and sampling equipment for highway engineering supervision, comprising a base plate 1 with a through hole, two frame plates 2, two limit members 3, two support rods 4 and a plurality of collars 5, the two frame plates 2 are detachably arranged on the base plate 1, and the two frame plates 2 can be spliced ​​together to form a ring body; the two limit members 3 are both arranged on the base plate 1 and are symmetrically distributed about the center point of the base plate 1; the two support rods 4 are both L-shaped and are slidably connected to the two limit members 3 respectively; the plurality of collars 5 are detachably connected to the support rods 4 and the collars 5 can slide along the two ends of the support rods 4, the diameter of the collars 5 is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the base plate 1, and the plurality of collars 5 are used to be mounted one by one on the support rods 4 as the depth of the sand pit excavation increases so that the excavation of the sand pit can be regular.

[0047] like Figure 5-Figure 11 As shown:

[0048] When in use, the base plate 1 is placed on the surface of the roadbed, and the test hole is excavated downward with the size of the through hole as a reference. During excavation, it is ensured that the soil will not be scattered outside the base plate 1 and the frame plate 2. As the excavation depth of the test hole increases, the staff's visual estimation of the test hole size will deviate, which will easily lead to changes in the test hole size and affect the volume of subsequent soil sampling, thereby reducing the accuracy of the test results. When the test hole is excavated, the bottom end of the support rod 4 will gradually extend into the inside of the test hole. When the depth of the test hole excavation is greater than the height of the ring 5, the ring 5 is placed on the support rod 4 so that the ring 5 can slide up and down along the support rod 4, and the ring 5 is directly slid down along the support rod 4 to the bottom of the test hole;

[0049] At this time, the ring 5, the support rod 4 and the test hole are in the same position as Figure 7In the state shown in g1, the collar 5 is at the position a1, and the bottom of the test hole is lower than the collar 5. At this time, there is no need to excavate the test hole with reference to the through hole. It is only necessary to make the excavation size of the test hole able to meet the requirement that the collar 5 can drop from a1 to a2 inside the test hole after being pressed down. That is, it is only necessary to dig out the area where the collar 5 at the position a2 coincides with the shadow surface of the roadbed below. When the excavation depth of the test hole gradually increases, it is only necessary to increase the number of collars 5 so that the collars 5 are vertically arranged on the support rod 4 and inside the test hole, that is, Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the size of the test hole can be continuously limited at this time. When the number of rings 5 ​​increases, it is necessary to press the top ring 5 so that the lower ring 5 can descend along the support rod 4 and the inner wall of the test hole to prevent the ring 5 and the inner wall of the test hole from staying due to mutual friction;

[0050] When the size of the test hole excavation only needs to meet the requirement that the collar 5 descends inside the test hole, the collar 5 inside the test hole can be directly and firmly positioned by the test hole size, so that the test hole size is transformed from a through hole that is originally in a fixed position and does not change. The bottom end of the collar 5 gradually descends as the depth of the test hole excavation is used as the excavation reference, thereby avoiding the reference point of the test hole excavation size from being offset. Moreover, the reference only acts to enable the collar 5 to descend, and will not change due to changes in the visual viewpoint of the staff, thereby ensuring the regularity of the hole opening and size, avoiding excessive excavation, and ensuring that the amount of soil sampling will not be deviated due to changes in the test hole size during subsequent soil sampling, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent test results.

[0051] Moreover, as the depth of the test hole excavation increases, the number of the collars 5 inside it will also increase accordingly, but the top of the collar 5 will not protrude excessively above the horizontal plane of the bottom plate 1, thereby avoiding interference with the workers' arm construction movements and excavation equipment when excavating the test hole. In addition, as the number of collars 5 sunk inside the test hole increases, the side walls of the test hole can be protected, preventing the workers from accidentally digging and colliding with the inner wall of the test hole during construction, thereby preventing the inner wall size of the test hole from changing.

[0052] The soil excavated from the test hole is poured onto the frame plate 2. When the amount of soil on the frame plate 2 is large, the frame plate 2 can be directly removed from the bottom plate 1 to pour the soil sampled from the top into the container, thereby avoiding the situation in which the bottom plate 1 is separated from the roadbed surface in the traditional way, causing the reference point position to change continuously and the reference point position of the test hole excavation size to change continuously.

[0053] The support rod 4 is detachably connected to the limit member 3. The inner walls of the two limit members 3 are fixedly connected with wedge blocks 6. The inner walls on both sides of the support rod 4 are slidably connected with trigger rods 7. A first spring 8 is fixedly connected between the trigger rod 7 and the inner wall of the support rod 4. Several one-way gears 9 are rotatably provided on the trigger rod 7. The one-way gear 9 can only rotate in one direction. The bottom of the support rod 4 is inserted into the two limit members 3 and when it slides downward, the wedge block 6 will push the trigger rod 7 to slide along the support rod 4. The left and right side walls of several rings 5 ​​and the corresponding positions of the one-way gear 9 are fixedly connected with the first rack rod 10.

[0054] like Figure 11-13 As shown:

[0055] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the end of the support rod 4 is H-shaped, and its bottom end can slide up and down along the limiter 3 after being inserted into the limiter 3. The side walls of the limiter 3 and the collar 5 respectively match the two sides of the limiter 3, thereby satisfying the relative sliding between them, and the bottom end of the support rod 4 can be separated from the limiter 3 after sliding up to the highest point;

[0056] When the support rod 4 is sleeved on the two limit members 3, the support rod 4 is pushed down along the limit members 3. At this time, the wedge block 6 contacts the bottom of the trigger rod 7 and pushes the trigger rod 7 to slide inside the support rod 4 (as shown in FIG. Figure 12 As shown in b1, b2 and b3 in the figure, and compressing the first spring 8, the one-way gear 9 will also move with the trigger rod 7. When the wedge block 6 contacts the side wall of the trigger rod 7, it will continue to push the side wall of the trigger rod 7 to make the trigger rod 7 stay in this position. When the collar 5 is mounted on the support rod 4 and slides down along the support rod 4, the first rack rod 10 will engage with the one-way gear 9 during the descent process and rotate the one-way gear 9. The one-way gear 9 can only be driven to rotate when the first rack rod 10 descends. Therefore, at this time, the collar 5 and the first rack rod 10 will be restricted in one direction, only being able to slide down along the support rod 4 but not to rise. Figure 13 As shown in c1;

[0057] Then, after the test hole is excavated, the ring 5 can be sunk into the test hole by lowering the support rod 4 to provide an excavation reference. Even if friction occurs between the inner wall of the test hole and the ring 5 when the support rod 4 is lowered, the ring 5 will not be driven to slide up along the support rod 4, reducing the tedious steps of manual adjustment. However, when the support rod 4 is not manually pushed down, the static friction between the ring 5 and the inner wall of the test hole can keep the support rod 4 and the ring 5 in this position, thereby providing a reference for the excavation of the test hole through the ring 5.

[0058] After the support rod 4 is pulled up, the collar 5 will be directly driven to rise. When the test hole is excavated, the support rod 4 is directly pulled up to disengage from the limiter 3. When the trigger rod 7 is no longer in contact with the wedge block 6, the first spring 8 will directly drive the trigger rod 7 and the one-way gear 9 to move inside the support rod 4 in a direction away from the first rack rod 10 and disengage from the first rack rod 10. Figure 13 In the state shown in c2, the one-way restriction of the one-way gear 9 on the collar 5 disappears, making it easier to remove the collar 5.

[0059] A support member 11 is provided below the two limiting members 3 . The support member 11 is annular and slidably connected to the base plate 1 .

[0060] like Figure 5-Figure 6 、 Figure 14 As shown:

[0061] By rotating the support member 11, the two limit members 3 and the support rod 4 can be driven to rotate, and the ring 5 can also be driven to rotate inside the test hole. When the test hole is excavated, the support member 11 can be rotated to adjust the position of the support rod 4 and the ring 5 inside the test hole, thereby facilitating the excavation of the test hole.

[0062] A gear ring 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 1, and a gear rod 13 is rotatably connected to each of the limit members 3. The two gear rods 13 are engaged with the gear ring 12, and the ends of the two gear rods 13 are engaged with a second rack rod 14. The two second rack rods 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the support rod 4. When the support member 11 rotates, the gear rod 13 rotates by engaging with the gear ring 12, and the support rod 4 and the ring 5 sleeved on the support rod 4 are driven to rise and fall inside the sand pit through the second rack rod 14.

[0063] like Figure 5-6 、 Figure 11-14 As shown:

[0064] When the support member 11 is rotated, the gear rod 13 will engage with the gear ring 12 to rotate the gear rod 13. At this time, the gear rod 13 will engage with the second rack rod 14 that is fixedly connected to the support rod 4 to enable the support rod 4 to rise and fall along the limit member 3 when the support member 11 rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, thereby completing the lifting of the support rod 4 and the ring 5 when they rotate inside the test hole.

[0065] The collar 5 is composed of two arc-shaped members 15 and two connecting members 16. The two arc-shaped members 15 are slidably connected to the two connecting members 16 respectively, and the two arc-shaped members 15 can slide along the support rod 4.

[0066] A turntable 17 is slidably connected to the support member 11, and two push rods 18 are rotatably connected to the top of the turntable 17. The other ends of the two push rods 18 are rotatably connected to the ends of the two limit members 3. The two limit members 3 are slidably connected to the support member 11. A second spring 19 is fixedly connected between the limit members 3 and the support member 11. Several first armrests 20 and second armrests 21 are fixedly connected to the support member 11 and the turntable 17, respectively. The bottom ends of the two support rods 4 can slide relative to each other.

[0067] like Figure 5-6 、 Figures 11-20 As shown:

[0068] The turntable 17 is located on the support member 11 and can rotate along the trajectory of the support member 11. When the support member 11 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, the gear rod 13 engages with the ring gear 12 and drives the support rod 4 to rise and fall while rotating through the second rack rod 14.

[0069] However, when the staff holds the first handrail 20 and squeezes the second handrail 21, the second handrail 21 will drive the turntable 17 to rotate clockwise relative to the support member 11. Figure 17 As shown in d1, when the turntable 17 rotates, the push rod 18 pushes the limiter 3 to slide along the support member 11 and compresses the second spring 19. At this time, the gear rod 13 also slides along the gear ring 12 while maintaining engagement with the gear ring 12. At this time, the two limiters 3 will slide along the support member 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 17 As shown in d2, the two rods 4 will slide relative to each other and approach each other. When the rods 4 approach each other, they will drive the two arc-shaped members 15 to slide toward the inside of the connecting member 16. At this time, the two arc-shaped members 15 will approach each other, that is, Figure 18 When the position e1 in the middle turns to the position e2, the side walls of the two arc-shaped members 15 will be as shown in FIG. Figure 19 As shown in f2 (f1 is a schematic diagram of the direct contact between the collar 5 and the inner wall of the test hole when it is lowered), that is, the left and right side walls do not contact the inner wall of the test hole, and only the connecting member 16 contacts the inner wall of the test hole. Then, when the test hole is excavated and the second handrail 21 is kept tightly gripped and the support member 11 is rotated to raise the support rod 4 to the highest point, the friction between the collar 5 and the inner wall of the test hole can be greatly reduced when the collar 5 is removed from the inside of the test hole, thereby reducing damage to the soil layer on the inner wall of the excavated test hole, preventing soil from falling off, and thus improving the accuracy of soil sampling;

[0070] When the second armrest 21 is released, the second spring 19 elastically returns to its original position, driving the rotary disk 17 to return to its original position.

[0071] The left and right side walls of the two connecting members 16 are fixedly connected with guide rods 22 , and the side walls of the two arc-shaped members 15 are provided with guide holes at positions corresponding to the guide rods 22 .

[0072] like Figure 18 As shown:

[0073] The arc-shaped member 15 and the connecting member 16 can be guided by the guide rod 22 when they slide relative to each other.

[0074] Both frame plates 2 are provided with feeding holes 23 .

[0075] like Figure 5 、 Figure 21 As shown:

[0076] The discharge hole 23 allows the soil to be conveniently poured into the interior of the container when the frame plate 2 is removed from the bottom plate 1 .

[0077] Two positioning grooves 24 are formed on the bottom plate 1 , and positioning ends 25 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two frame plates 2 .

[0078] like Figure 21 As shown:

[0079] The positioning groove 24 and the positioning end 25 facilitate the stable placement of the frame plate 2 .

Claims

1. A roadbed detection sampling device for highway engineering supervision, comprising a base plate (1), wherein the base plate (1) is provided with a through hole, characterized in that: Also includes: Two frame plates (2), the two frame plates (2) being detachably arranged on the bottom plate (1), and the two frame plates (2) being able to be spliced ​​together to form a ring body; Two limiting members (3), both of the limiting members (3) are arranged on the bottom plate (1) and are symmetrically distributed about the center point of the bottom plate (1); Two support rods (4), both of which are L-shaped and are slidably connected to the two limiting members (3); A plurality of collars (5), wherein the collars (5) are detachably connected to the support rod (4) and the collars (5) can slide along both ends of the support rod (4), wherein the diameter of the collars (5) is equal to the diameter of the through hole on the bottom plate (1), and the collars (5) are used to be sleeved on the support rod (4) one by one as the depth of the sand pit excavation increases so that the excavation of the sand pit can be regularized; The support rod (4) is detachably connected to the limit member (3), the inner walls of the two limit members (3) are fixedly connected with a wedge block (6), the inner walls on the left and right sides of the support rod (4) are slidably connected with a trigger rod (7), a first spring (8) is fixedly connected between the trigger rod (7) and the inner wall of the support rod (4), a plurality of one-way gears (9) are rotatably provided on the trigger rod (7), and the one-way gear (9) can only rotate in one direction, the bottom of the support rod (4) is inserted into the two limit members (3) and when it slides downward, the wedge block (6) pushes the trigger rod (7) to slide along the support rod (4), and the left and right side walls of the plurality of collars (5) corresponding to the one-way gear (9) are fixedly connected with a first rack rod (10); A support member (11) is provided below the two limiting members (3) and is annular and slidably connected to the bottom plate (1). The top of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly connected to a gear ring (12), and the limiting member (3) is rotatably connected to a gear rod (13). The two gear rods (13) are meshed with the gear ring (12), and the ends of the two gear rods (13) are meshed with a second rack rod (14). The two second rack rods (14) are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right side walls of the support rod (4). When the support member (11) rotates, the gear rod (13) meshes with the gear ring (12) and rotates, and drives the support rod (4) and the ring (5) sleeved on the support rod (4) to rise and fall inside the sand pit through the second rack rod (14).

2. The roadbed detection and sampling equipment for highway engineering supervision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The collar (5) is composed of two arc-shaped members (15) and two connecting members (16), the two arc-shaped members (15) are respectively slidably connected to the two connecting members (16), and the two arc-shaped members (15) are both able to slide along the support rod (4); The support member (11) is slidably connected to a turntable (17), and the top of the turntable (17) is rotatably connected to two push rods (18). The other ends of the two push rods (18) are rotatably connected to the ends of two limit members (3). The two limit members (3) are slidably connected to the support member (11). A second spring (19) is fixedly connected between the limit members (3) and the support member (11). The support member (11) and the turntable (17) are respectively fixedly connected to a plurality of first handrails (20) and a second handrail (21). The bottom ends of the two support rods (4) can slide relative to each other.

3. The roadbed detection and sampling equipment for highway engineering supervision according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The left and right side walls of the two connecting members (16) are fixedly connected to guide rods (22), and the side walls of the two arc-shaped members (15) are provided with guide holes at positions corresponding to the guide rods (22).

4. The roadbed detection and sampling equipment for highway engineering supervision according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Both frame plates (2) are provided with a feeding hole (23).

5. The roadbed detection and sampling equipment for highway engineering supervision according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Two positioning grooves (24) are provided on the bottom plate (1), and positioning ends (25) are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the two frame plates (2).

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