Anti-seepage waterproof and drainage system for underground structure and construction method of anti-seepage waterproof and drainage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a waterproof and drainage system for underground structure seepage resistance and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of underground structure seepage prevention, the waterproof and drainage system comprises a water storage layer which is located at the bottom of an underground structure and has a high middle and low two sides, wicking geotechnical cloth is laid on the top surface of the water storage layer, and a water-resisting layer is laid on the top surface of the wicking geotechnical cloth; backfill soil layers are arranged on the two sides of the water storage layer, and concrete layers are arranged over the backfill soil layers and the water-resisting layer; the drainage mechanism comprises a drainage pipe, one end of the drainage pipe is communicated with the dewatering well, a humidity sensor array is arranged in the water storage layer, a negative pressure fan is arranged in the drainage pipe, an electric gate is arranged in the drainage pipe, a flow meter is arranged in the drainage pipe, a central control box is reserved at the concrete layer, and the central control box is provided with a central control structure. Through the innovative structural design, the influence of underground water permeation and water pressure on the concrete structure is effectively reduced, and then the water resistance and durability of the underground structure are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground structure anti-seepage, and particularly relates to a drainage and water-proofing system for underground structure anti-seepage and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The technology of underground structure anti-seepage is an important research direction in the field of civil engineering. With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the development and utilization of underground space are becoming increasingly frequent, and the problem of underground structure leakage is becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional anti-seepage methods mainly include self-waterproofing of the structure, external waterproofing, and setting up drainage layers, etc. Self-waterproofing of the structure realizes anti-seepage by improving the density and impermeability of concrete, but it is easily affected by construction quality and difficult to cope with large water pressures. External waterproofing is to set a waterproof layer on the surface of the structure, such as waterproof coiled materials, coatings, etc., but there are durability problems and it is easy to age and break. Setting up a drainage layer is to drain the groundwater infiltrating around the structure by setting up drainage pipes or blind ditches, etc., but the drainage efficiency is low and it is easily affected by siltation. In recent years, with the continuous emergence of new materials and technologies, the technology of underground structure anti-seepage has made great progress. For example, wicking geotextile, as a new type of drainage material, has good water absorption and water conductivity and is widely used in the drainage field of underground projects. At the same time, intelligent control technology has also been gradually applied to the underground structure anti-seepage system, improving the operation efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0003] However, the existing underground structure anti-seepage technologies still have some deficiencies. First of all, traditional self-waterproofing and external waterproofing methods of the structure are difficult to completely prevent the infiltration of groundwater. Especially in the case of high underground water level or large water pressure, the leakage problem is still difficult to avoid. Secondly, the existing drainage layer has low drainage efficiency and is difficult to meet the requirements of underground structure anti-seepage. Traditional drainage pipes or blind ditches are easily silted up, affecting the drainage effect. In addition, the existing anti-seepage system has a low degree of intelligence and is difficult to realize real-time monitoring and control of the underground water level, resulting in low operation efficiency of the system. For example, traditional drainage systems usually adopt a timed drainage method and cannot be adjusted according to the change of the underground water level, causing problems such as energy waste and untimely drainage.

[0004] How to solve the above technical problems is the subject faced by the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a wicking geotextile waterproof and drainage system for underground structures that is reasonably designed, safe, and reliable, along with its construction method. By designing a multi-level water flow control system that combines capillary action, gravity flow, and the action of a negative pressure blower, effective isolation, storage, and drainage of groundwater are achieved in underground structures. The system uses wicking geotextiles with water conduction functions, in combination with fillers, water barriers, and drainage systems with different permeability properties, to form a closed-loop water flow control, reducing groundwater seepage and the impact of water pressure on concrete structures, thereby improving the water resistance and durability of underground structures.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures includes a water storage layer located at the bottom of the underground structure and having an overall structure that is higher in the middle and lower on both sides. A wicking geotextile for guiding groundwater to the drainage mechanism through capillary action is laid on the top surface of the water storage layer. A water barrier layer is laid on the top surface of the wicking geotextile. Backfill soil layers for leveling the ground are provided on both sides of the water storage layer, and a concrete layer is provided directly above the backfill soil layer and the water barrier layer.

[0007] The water storage layer includes a water storage section layer directly below the easily water-permeable weak position of the concrete layer. A diversion slope section layer for accelerating the lateral diversion of groundwater is provided on the water storage section layer. A connection slope section layer that cooperates with the drain pipe in the drainage mechanism is provided at one end of the diversion slope section layer away from the water storage section layer, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is greater than the slope of the diversion slope section layer.

[0008] The drainage mechanism includes drain pipes provided on both sides of the water storage layer and cooperating with the connection slope section layer. One end of the drain pipe is connected to a precipitation well. A humidity sensor array is provided in the water storage layer. A negative pressure blower is provided in the drain pipe. An electric gate cooperating with the negative pressure blower is provided in the drain pipe. A flow meter cooperating with the electric gate is provided in the drain pipe. A central control box is reserved at the concrete layer, and the central control box is provided with a central control structure.

[0009] Further, the water storage layer is composed of highly permeable filler, and the compaction degree is controlled below 80%; the water barrier layer is composed of low-permeability filler, and the compaction degree is not less than 95%.

[0010] Further, the slope of the diversion slope section layer is set to 15° - 25°, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is set to 30° - 45°.

[0011] Preferably, the slope of the diversion slope section layer is set to 20°, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is set to 35°.

[0012] Further, the humidity sensor array includes a plurality of humidity sensors, which are distributed uniformly or non-uniformly in the water storage layer for monitoring the humidity change of the water storage layer.

[0013] Preferably, the humidity sensor array is arranged in a grid pattern in the water storage layer, and the spacing between two adjacent humidity sensors is set to 10 - 15 cm.

[0014] Further, a trapezoidal slit is formed in the drain pipe, and the two ends of both sides of the wicking geotextile penetrate into the drain pipe through the slit. An expandable putty upon water contact is coated on the outside of the slit, and the wicking geotextile is fixed in the drain pipe through waterproof glue on the inside of the slit;

[0015] The drain pipe has a drainage slope of 0.5% - 2%, and adjacent pipe sections are connected through socket joints with sealing rings, and polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the joints.

[0016] Further, the negative pressure fan is linked and controlled with the electric gate. When the flowmeter detects backflow, the central controller automatically closes the gate and starts the negative pressure fan to control the water circulation flow direction to prevent backflow; turning on the negative pressure fan can significantly increase the air circulation rate in the pipe, reduce the relative humidity in the pipe, and increase the lateral drainage rate of the wicking geotextile.

[0017] A construction method for a waterproof and drainage system for underground structure impermeability includes the following steps:

[0018] S1: Construction of the water storage layer;

[0019] After the positioning and layout of the underground structure, a water storage layer foundation trench is excavated below the easily water-seeping weak position of the concrete layer to form a working surface;

[0020] The water storage layer is filled in layers to form a slope structure with a higher middle and lower sides, including a water storage section layer, a diversion slope section layer, and a connecting slope section layer;

[0021] A humidity sensor array is arranged in the water storage layer, wirelessly networked with the central control box, and the commissioning of the wireless network is completed;

[0022] S2: Laying of the wicking geotextile;

[0023] The wicking geotextile is laid above the water storage layer, covering the water storage section layer, the diversion slope section layer, and the connecting slope section layer, and ensuring that it is completely adhered to the water storage layer;

[0024] S3: Installation and commissioning of the drain pipe;

[0025] The drain pipes are installed along both sides of the water storage layer, and the ends of the wicking geotextile are embedded into the trapezoidal slits in the pipe wall and fixed;

[0026] One end of the drain pipe leads to the dewatering well. After pouring the concrete layer, the drainage system is adjusted.

[0027] Adjacent drain pipe segments are connected through socket joints with sealing rings, and polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the joints.

[0028] A negative pressure fan, an electric gate, and a flow meter are installed in the drain pipe and adjusted to the normal operating state.

[0029] S4: Construction of the waterproof layer and the backfill soil layer.

[0030] The waterproof layer is formed by compacting in layers above the capillary absorption geotextile, and the backfill soil layers on both sides are backfilled synchronously.

[0031] S5: Construction of the concrete layer.

[0032] The concrete layer is poured above the backfill soil layer to construct the main part of the underground structure, and a central control box is reserved. The central control box is provided with a central control structure for connecting a humidity sensor, a negative pressure fan, an electric gate, and a flow meter.

[0033] Further, the filler of the water storage layer in step S1 is graded gravel with a particle size controlled within 5 - 20 mm. During filling, the "retreat type" layered paving process is adopted, and the compaction degree is controlled within 75% - 80%. Volcanic rock debris is provided in the graded gravel to enhance the capillary water conduction ability, and rubber particles are provided in the graded gravel to provide elastic support to prevent structural settlement. The surface of the rubber particles is treated with a silane coupling agent, and capillary channels are formed at the contact surface between the rubber particles and the gravel to enhance the structure.

[0034] Further, the waterproof layer in step S4 adopts gradient-cured composite soil. The bottom layer is cement-improved soil with a cement content of 12 - 15%; the middle layer is a bentonite-fly ash composite layer with a bentonite content of 20 - 25% and a fly ash content of 30 - 35%; the surface layer is polymer-modified clay with 0.5 - 1% polyacrylamide added to form a continuous hydrophobic film.

[0035] Further, in step S2, each section of the capillary absorption geotextile covers the water storage section layer, the diversion slope section layer, and the connecting slope section layer, and ensures that it is completely attached to the water storage layer. The capillary absorption geotextile is firmly fixed on the water storage layer through U-shaped nails to avoid position deviation caused by water flow impact or soil movement.

[0036] Several sections of capillary absorption geotextiles are laid on the water storage layer along the axis of the drain pipe. When multiple sections of capillary absorption geotextiles are overlapped, the overlap width should not be less than 50 cm or 30% of the length of this section of capillary absorption geotextile to ensure its blocking and horizontal water conduction effects.

[0037] And a part is reserved at both ends of each section of the wicking geotextile, and this part of the wicking geotextile extends into the pipe through the trapezoidal slit of the drain pipe. The outside of the slit is coated with water-swellable putty, and the inside is fixed with waterproof glue.

[0038] In the present invention, the underground structure is positioned and set out, and a water storage layer foundation trench is excavated below the easily seepage-prone and weak position of the concrete layer to form an operation surface, realizing the accurate identification and treatment of potential leakage points. The water storage layer is filled in layers to form a slope structure with a higher middle and lower sides, which not only helps to quickly drain water but also reduces the pressure of accumulated water on the underground structure. The humidity sensor array is arranged and wirelessly networked with the central control box, which can monitor and feedback the humidity change of the water storage layer in real time, providing data support for subsequent automatic adjustment. The function of this water storage layer is to preventively manage groundwater, prevent its accumulation and damage to the structure, achieving the purpose of efficient anti-seepage.

[0039] In the present invention, a wicking geotextile is laid above the water storage layer and ensured to be completely attached to the water storage layer, and the capillary action of the wicking geotextile is utilized to guide the flow of groundwater. U-shaped nails are used to fix the wicking geotextile, avoiding position deviation caused by water flow impact or soil movement. When multiple sections of the wicking geotextile are lapped, a sufficient width is ensured, enhancing the integrity and stability of the system. The effect of this wicking geotextile is to improve the lateral drainage efficiency of water, reduce the water retention time, and thus reduce the risk of erosion of the underground structure.

[0040] In the present invention, drain pipes are installed on both sides of the water storage layer, and the ends of the wicking geotextile are embedded in the trapezoidal slits of the pipe wall for fixation. This process ensures that water can smoothly enter the drainage system without leakage. One end of the drain pipe is connected to the dewatering well, and a negative pressure fan, an electric gate, and a flow meter are provided in the drain pipe. These devices work together to effectively control the water flow direction and prevent the occurrence of backflow. In addition, polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the interface to further enhance the sealing performance. The function of this drain pipe is to provide a reliable drainage channel and improve the drainage efficiency through an intelligent control system, achieving the goal of protecting the underground structure from water damage.

[0041] In the present invention, a water barrier layer is formed by compacting in layers above the wicking geotextile, and the two side backfill soil layers are synchronously backfilled. A water barrier with excellent anti-seepage performance is constructed using materials with a specific ratio. This water barrier layer is designed to prevent the upper water source from infiltrating downward and protect the lower structure from interference. Using gradient-cured composite soil as the water barrier layer material not only improves the water barrier effect but also increases the structural stability, ultimately achieving effective protection of the underground structure. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each functional layer of the anti-drainage system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic plan view of the waterproof and drainage system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the layout inside the PVC drain pipe of the waterproof and drainage system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the construction situation, installation and drainage principle of the waterproof and drainage system of the present invention;

[0046] Among them, the attached drawing reference signs are: 100, water storage layer; 200, core suction geotextile; 300, water barrier layer; 400, backfill soil layer; 500, concrete layer; 610, drain pipe; 620, negative pressure fan; 630, electric gate; 640, precipitation well; 650, humidity sensor array; 700, easily water-permeable weak position. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a waterproof and drainage system for anti-seepage of underground structures includes a water storage layer 100 located at the bottom of the underground structure and having an overall structure that is higher in the middle and lower on both sides. A core suction geotextile 200 for guiding groundwater to the drainage mechanism by capillary action is laid on the top surface of the water storage layer 100. A water barrier layer 300 is laid on the top surface of the core suction geotextile 200. Backfill soil layers 400 for leveling the ground are provided on both sides of the water storage layer 100. A concrete layer 500 is provided directly above the backfill soil layer 400 and the water barrier layer 300;

[0048] The water storage layer 100 includes a water storage section layer directly below the easily water-permeable weak position 700 of the concrete layer 500. A diversion slope section layer for accelerating the lateral diversion of groundwater is provided on the water storage section layer. A connection slope section layer that cooperates with the drain pipe 610 in the drainage mechanism is provided at one end of the diversion slope section layer away from the water storage section layer, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is greater than the slope of the diversion slope section layer;

[0049] The drainage mechanism includes drain pipes 610 provided on both sides of the water storage layer 100 and cooperating with the connection slope section layer. One end of the drain pipe 610 is connected to a precipitation well 640. A humidity sensor array 650 is provided in the water storage layer 100. A negative pressure fan 620 is provided inside the drain pipe 610. An electric gate 630 that cooperates with the negative pressure fan 620 is provided in the drain pipe 610. A flow meter 660 that cooperates with the electric gate 630 is provided in the drain pipe 610. A central control box is reserved at the concrete layer 500, and the central control box is provided with a central control structure.

[0050] Furthermore, in the underground structure, the weak locations 700 susceptible to water seepage mainly include concrete construction joints, areas with densely distributed pile heads, post-cast strips, and bottom plate-side wall joints.

[0051] Furthermore, in the drainage mechanism, in addition to the existing humidity sensor, flow meter 660, negative pressure fan 620 and electric gate 630, some other types of sensors, such as water level sensor, water quality sensor, etc., can be added to the system to obtain more comprehensive groundwater information. At the same time, the central control mechanism is basically consistent with the common logic control device on the market.

[0052] Furthermore, the water storage layer 100 is composed of high-permeability fillers, and the compaction degree is controlled below 80%; the waterproof layer 300 is composed of low-permeability fillers, and the compaction degree is not less than 95%.

[0053] Furthermore, the slope of the diversion slope section layer is set to 15° to 25°, and the slope of the connecting slope section layer is set to 30° to 45°.

[0054] Preferably, the slope of the diversion slope section layer is set to 20°, and the slope of the connecting slope section layer is set to 35°.

[0055] Furthermore, the humidity sensor array 650 includes a plurality of humidity sensors uniformly or non-uniformly distributed in the water storage layer 100 , and is used to monitor humidity changes in the water storage layer 100 .

[0056] Preferably, the humidity sensor array 650 is arranged in a grid shape in the water storage layer 100, and the distance between two adjacent humidity sensors is set to 10-15 cm.

[0057] Furthermore, a trapezoidal slit is provided on the drainage pipe 610, and the ends of both sides of the wicking geotextile 200 penetrate into the drainage pipe 610 through the slit, the outer side of the slit is coated with water-expandable putty, and the inner side of the slit is fixed to the wicking geotextile 200 in the drainage pipe 610 by waterproof glue;

[0058] The drainage pipe 610 is provided with a drainage slope of 0.5%-2%, and adjacent pipe sections are connected via a socket joint with a sealing ring, and a polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the joint.

[0059] In addition, in the selection of the material of the drainage pipe 610, in addition to the commonly used PVC pipe, new composite pipes with higher strength and corrosion resistance can also be considered, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic sand pipe, HDPE steel belt reinforced spiral corrugated pipe, etc., to adapt to different geological environments and drainage requirements. At the same time, some diversion ribs or turbulators can be set on the inner wall of the drainage pipe 610 to change the flow state of the water flow and improve the drainage capacity and water flow stability of the drainage pipe 610.

[0060] Further, the negative pressure fan 620 and the electric gate 630 are linked and controlled. When the flowmeter 660 detects backflow, the central controller automatically closes the gate and starts the negative pressure fan 620 to control the water circulation direction to prevent backflow; turning on the negative pressure fan 620 can significantly increase the air circulation rate in the pipe, reduce the relative humidity in the pipe, and increase the transverse drainage rate of the wicking geotextile 200.

[0061] A construction method for a waterproof and drainage system for underground structure impermeability, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: Construction of the water storage layer 100;

[0063] After the underground structure is positioned and set out, a foundation trench for the water storage layer 100 is excavated below the vulnerable water seepage position 700 of the concrete layer 500 to form a working surface;

[0064] The water storage layer 100 is filled in layers to form a slope structure with a high middle and low sides, including a water storage section layer, a diversion slope section layer, and a connecting slope section layer;

[0065] A humidity sensor array 650 is arranged in the water storage layer 100, wirelessly networked with the central control box, and the wireless networking is debugged;

[0066] S2: Laying of the wicking geotextile 200;

[0067] The wicking geotextile 200 is laid above the water storage layer 100, covering the water storage section layer, the diversion slope section layer, and the connecting slope section layer, and ensuring that it is completely attached to the water storage layer 100;

[0068] S3: Installation and debugging of the drain pipe 610;

[0069] The drain pipes 610 are installed along both sides of the water storage layer 100, and the ends of the wicking geotextile 200 are embedded in the trapezoidal slits of the pipe wall and fixed;

[0070] One end of the drain pipe 610 leads to the dewatering well 640, and the drainage system is adjusted after pouring the concrete layer 500;

[0071] Adjacent sections of the drain pipe 610 are connected through socket joints with sealing rings, and polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the joints;

[0072] A negative pressure fan 620, an electric gate 630, and a flowmeter 660 are installed in the drain pipe 610 and debugged to a normal operating state;

[0073] S4: Construction of the waterproof layer 300 and the backfill soil layer 400;

[0074] The waterproof layer 300 is formed by compaction in layers above the wicking geotextile 200, and the backfill soil layers 400 on both sides are backfilled synchronously;

[0075] S5: Construction of the concrete layer 500

[0076] Pour the concrete layer 500 above the backfill soil layer 400 to construct the main part of the underground structure, and reserve a central control box which is provided with a central control structure for connecting a humidity sensor, a negative pressure fan 620, an electric gate 630 and a flow meter 660.

[0077] Further, the filler of the water storage layer 100 in step S1 is graded gravel with a particle size controlled within 5 - 20 mm. During filling, the "retreating" layered spreading process is adopted, and the compaction degree is controlled within 75% - 80%. Volcanic rock debris for enhancing the capillary water conduction ability is provided in the graded gravel, and rubber particles for providing elastic support to prevent structural settlement are provided in the graded gravel. The surface of the rubber particles is treated with a silane coupling agent, and a capillary channel enhancing structure is formed at the contact surface between the rubber particles and the gravel.

[0078] In addition, in the selection of the filler of the water storage layer 100, in addition to using graded gravel, materials with high water absorption and water retention properties such as zeolite and bentonite can also be considered to further improve the water storage capacity of the water storage layer 100 and its regulation performance for groundwater. At the same time, some drainage blind ditches can be provided in the water storage layer 100, and the blind ditches are filled with gravel with large particle sizes or geotechnical materials with good drainage performance to enhance the drainage capacity of the water storage layer 100, so that groundwater can be gathered at the drain pipe 610 and discharged more quickly.

[0079] Further, the water - proof layer 300 in step S4 adopts gradient - cured composite soil. Among them, the bottom layer is cement - improved soil with a cement content of 12 - 15%; the middle layer is a bentonite - fly ash composite layer with a bentonite content of 20 - 25% and a fly ash content of 30 - 35%; the surface layer is polymer - modified clay with 0.5 - 1% polyacrylamide added to form a continuous water - repellent film.

[0080] Further, in step S2, each section of the wicking geotextile 200 covers the water storage section layer, the diversion slope section layer and the connecting slope section layer, and ensures that it is completely attached to the water storage layer 100, and the wicking geotextile 200 is firmly fixed on the water storage layer 100 through U - shaped nails to avoid position deviation caused by water flow impact or soil movement.

[0081] Several sections of the wicking geotextile 200 are laid on the water storage layer 100 along the axis direction of the drain pipe 610. When multiple sections of the wicking geotextile 200 are overlapped, the overlap width should not be less than 50 cm or 30% of the length of this section of the wicking geotextile 200 to ensure its blocking and horizontal water conduction effects.

[0082] Moreover, a part is reserved at both ends of each wicking geotextile 200, and this part of the wicking geotextile 200 extends into the pipe through the trapezoidal slit of the drain pipe 610. The outside of the slit is coated with water-swellable putty, and the inside is fixed with waterproof glue.

[0083] In addition, the surface of the wicking geotextile 200 can be specially treated, such as increasing the surface roughness or coating treatment, to enhance its contact area with groundwater and adsorption capacity, and improve the drainage effect.

[0084] Generally speaking, when the wicking geotextile 200 waterproof and drainage system is working, first, the water storage layer 100 stores and guides the groundwater temporarily. The groundwater seeps into the water storage layer 100 through the pores of the soil. In the water storage layer 100, the water is affected by the dual effects of gravity and capillary action, and a capillary head is generated through the surface tension effect, lifting the groundwater at the bottom of the water storage layer 100 vertically to the geotextile interface. The volcanic rock debris and graded gravel form multiple capillary channels to improve the horizontal diversion rate. At the same time, the diversion slope section layer and the connecting slope section layer form a hydraulic gradient to accelerate the water flow migrating towards the drain pipe 610. When the capillary force is not enough to overcome the water flow resistance, the negative pressure fan 620 in the drain pipe 610 forms an additional pressure gradient to improve the drainage efficiency.

[0085] When the negative pressure fan 620 in the drain pipe 610 is running, it can reduce the air pressure in the pipe to form a negative pressure environment, further promoting the groundwater to flow into the drain pipe 610 through the wicking geotextile 200 and improving the drainage efficiency. The electric gate 630 performs opening or closing operations according to the water flow situation detected by the flowmeter 660 and the instructions of the central control box, controls the direction and flow rate of the water flow, prevents backflow, and ensures that the groundwater can be discharged into the dewatering well 640 orderly.

[0086] The humidity sensor array 650 monitors the humidity change of the water storage layer 100 in real time and transmits the data to the central control box. The central control box analyzes and processes the data, and according to the humidity condition of the water storage layer 100 and the operation situation of the drainage system, intelligently regulates the working states of the negative pressure fan 620 and the electric gate 630, realizes the precise control and optimized management of the entire waterproof and drainage system, thereby effectively reducing the leakage risk of the underground structure and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the underground structure.

[0087] The technical features not described in the present invention can be realized by or adopted the existing technology, which will not be elaborated here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. The changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the essence scope of the present invention should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures, characterized in that: It includes a water storage layer (100) located at the bottom of the underground structure and with an overall structure that is higher in the middle and lower on both sides. A wicking geotextile (200) for guiding groundwater to the drainage mechanism through capillary action is laid on the top surface of the water storage layer (100). A waterproof layer (300) is laid on the top surface of the wicking geotextile (200). Backfill soil layers (400) for ground leveling are provided on both sides of the water storage layer (100). A concrete layer (500) is provided directly above the backfill soil layer (400) and the waterproof layer (300); The water storage layer (100) includes a water storage section layer directly below the easily water-permeable weak position (700) of the concrete layer (500). A diversion slope section layer for accelerating the lateral diversion of groundwater is provided on the water storage section layer. A connection slope section layer that cooperates with the drain pipe (610) in the drainage mechanism is provided at one end of the diversion slope section layer away from the water storage section layer, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is greater than the slope of the diversion slope section layer; The drainage mechanism includes drain pipes (610) provided on both sides of the water storage layer (100) and cooperating with the connection slope section layer. One end of the drain pipe (610) is connected to a precipitation well (640). A humidity sensor array (650) is provided in the water storage layer (100). A negative pressure fan (620) is provided in the drain pipe (610). An electric gate (630) that cooperates with the negative pressure fan (620) is provided in the drain pipe (610). A flow meter (660) that cooperates with the electric gate (630) is provided in the drain pipe (610). A central control box is reserved at the concrete layer (500), and the central control box is provided with a central control structure.

2. A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage layer (100) is composed of highly permeable fillers, and the compaction degree is controlled below 80%; The waterproof layer (300) is composed of low-permeability fillers, and the compaction degree is not less than 95%.

3. A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the diversion slope section layer is set to 15° - 25°, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is set to 30° - 45°.

4. A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the diversion slope section layer is set to 20°, and the slope of the connection slope section layer is set to 35°.

5. A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity sensor array (650) is arranged in a grid pattern in the water storage layer (100), and the distance between adjacent two humidity sensors is set to 10 - 15 cm.

6. A waterproof and drainage system for the impermeability of underground structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drain pipe (610) is provided with a trapezoidal slit, and the two ends of the wick geotextile (200) penetrate into the drain pipe (610) through the slit. The outside of the slit is coated with water-swellable putty, and the wick geotextile (200) is fixed in the drain pipe (610) by waterproof glue on the inside of the slit; The drain pipe (610) has a drainage slope of 0.5%-2%, and adjacent pipe segments are connected by socket joints with gaskets, and polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the joints.

7. A waterproof and drainage system for underground structure anti-seepage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure fan (620) is linked with the electric gate (630) for control. When the flowmeter (660) detects reverse flow, the central controller automatically closes the gate and starts the negative pressure fan (620) to control the water circulation flow direction to prevent backflow; starting the negative pressure fan (620) can significantly increase the air circulation rate in the pipe, reduce the relative humidity in the pipe, and increase the lateral drainage rate of the wick geotextile (200).

8. A construction method of a waterproof and drainage system for anti-seepage of underground structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Construction of the water storage layer (100); After the underground structure is positioned and set out, a foundation trench for the water storage layer (100) is excavated below the easily seepage vulnerable position (700) of the concrete layer (500) to form a working surface; The water storage layer (100) is filled in layers to form a slope structure with a high middle and low sides, including a water storage section layer, a diversion slope section layer and a connecting slope section layer; A humidity sensor array (650) is arranged in the water storage layer (100), wirelessly networked with the central control box, and the wireless networking is debugged; S2: Laying of the wick geotextile (200); The wick geotextile (200) is laid above the water storage layer (100), covering the water storage section layer, the diversion slope section layer and the connecting slope section layer, and ensuring that it is completely attached to the water storage layer (100); S3: Installation and debugging of the drain pipe (610); The drain pipe (610) is installed along both sides of the water storage layer (100), and the end of the wick geotextile (200) is embedded into the trapezoidal slit of the pipe wall and fixed; One end of the drain pipe (610) leads to the precipitation well (640), and the drainage system is adjusted after pouring the concrete layer (500); Adjacent drain pipe (610) segments are connected by socket joints with gaskets, and polyurethane waterproof coating is applied at the joints; A negative pressure fan (620), an electric gate (630) and a flowmeter (660) are installed in the drain pipe (610) and debugged to the normal operating state; S4: Construction of the water barrier layer (300) and the backfill soil layer (400); The water barrier layer (300) is formed by compacting in layers above the wick geotextile (200), and the two-side backfill soil layers (400) are backfilled synchronously; S5: Construction of the concrete layer (500); The concrete layer (500) is poured above the backfill soil layer (400) to construct the main part of the underground structure, and a central control box is reserved. The central control box is provided with a central control structure for connecting the humidity sensor, the negative pressure fan (620), the electric gate (630) and the flowmeter (660).

9. The construction method of a waterproof and drainage system for anti-seepage of underground structures as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The filler of the water storage layer (100) in step S1 is graded gravel with a particle size controlled at 5 - 20 mm. The "retreat type" layered paving process is adopted during filling, and the compaction degree is controlled at 75% - 80%. Volcanic rock debris for enhancing capillary water conduction ability is provided in the graded gravel, and rubber particles for providing elastic support to prevent structural settlement are provided in the graded gravel. The surface of the rubber particles is treated with a silane coupling agent, and capillary channels are formed at the contact surface between the rubber particles and the gravel to enhance the structure; The water - proof layer (300) in step S4 adopts gradient - cured composite soil. Among them, cement - improved soil is used at the bottom layer with a cement content of 12 - 15%; the middle layer is a bentonite - fly ash composite layer with a bentonite content of 20 - 25% and a fly ash content of 30 - 35%; the surface layer: polymer - modified clay, adding 0.5 - 1% polyacrylamide to form a continuous hydrophobic film.

10. The construction method of a waterproof and drainage system for anti - seepage of underground structures as described in claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, each section of the wicking geotextile (200) covers the water storage section layer, the diversion slope section layer, and the connecting slope section layer, and ensures that it is completely attached to the water storage layer (100). The wicking geotextile (200) is firmly fixed on the water storage layer (100) by U - shaped nails to avoid position deviation caused by water flow impact or soil movement; Several sections of the wicking geotextile (200) are laid on the water storage layer (100) along the axis direction of the drain pipe (610). When multiple sections of the wicking geotextile (200) are overlapped, the overlap width should not be less than 50 cm or 30% of the length of this section of the wicking geotextile (200) to ensure its water - blocking and horizontal water - guiding effects; And a part is reserved at both ends of each section of the wicking geotextile (200). This part of the wicking geotextile (200) extends into the pipe through the trapezoidal slit of the drain pipe (610). The outside of the slit is coated with water - swelling putty, and the inside is fixed with waterproof glue.

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