Coal mining machine and supporting device thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mining machine and a supporting device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining. The supporting device is located at the top of the coal mining machine and used for supporting a top plate during coal mining. The supporting device comprises a liftable bearing plate; a plurality of lower fixing seats are fixedly arranged on the surface of the bearing plate, and hydraulic shock absorbers are connected to the inner walls of the lower fixing seats; flexible plates are arranged above the hydraulic shock absorbers, and the multiple flexible plates are connected through sliding rotating hinges to form array arrangement. The top of the flexible plate is detachably connected with spikes, and a protection assembly used for protecting the spikes is installed on the flexible plate; the coal mining machine can be stably supported in a complex coal seam environment, vibration and shaking caused by uneven stress of the coal mining machine are reduced, and stable and efficient coal mining operation is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and specifically relates to a shearer and its supporting device. Background Art

[0002] In the coal mining industry, the stable operation of the shearer plays a decisive role in efficient and safe coal mining. During the coal mining operation, the shearer needs to penetrate into the coal roadway to mine the coal seam, and its working environment is extremely complex.

[0003] Traditional shearers still have deficiencies in contacting and supporting the coal seam. The existing structures of shearers in contact with the coal seam mostly adopt a rigid fixed plane design. When the shearer enters the coal roadway and uses a hydraulic push rod to drive the support structure to contact the coal seam, due to the irregular shape of the coal seam after mining, there are various uneven structures formed by mining, and at the same time, affected by the original geological conditions of the coal seam, there are different inclinations and differences in seam heights. The rigid plane of the existing support structure cannot be adaptively adjusted according to these complex and changeable coal seam shapes, resulting in poor fitting between the support structure and the coal seam, and there are a large number of gaps between the two, so that the forces generated during coal mining cannot be evenly dispersed. Due to uneven stress, the shearer is prone to vibration and jitter. This unstable working state affects the working efficiency of the shearer. Therefore, this application provides a shearer and its supporting device to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a shearer and its supporting device; the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A supporting device for a shearer, the supporting device is located at the top of the shearer and is used to support the roof during coal mining; it includes a liftable bearing plate; a plurality of lower fixing seats are fixedly arranged on the surface of the bearing plate, and a hydraulic shock absorber is connected to the inner wall of the lower fixing seat; a flexible plate is arranged above the hydraulic shock absorber, and a plurality of flexible plates are connected by sliding rotary hinges to form an array arrangement; a spike is detachably connected to the top of the flexible plate, and a protection component for protecting the spike is installed on the flexible plate; The protection component includes a plurality of boxes, and the boxes correspond to the flexible plates one by one; the boxes are fixed on the surface of the bearing plate, and a plurality of cavities are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box. A sliding rod is slidably connected in each cavity, and a second spring is connected between the bottom of the sliding rod and the bottom surface of the cavity. A wear-resistant sleeve is detachably connected to the sliding rod. Semi-circular sliding grooves are symmetrically opened on the outer circumference of each spike on the flexible plate. A wear-resistant sleeve forms a sliding fit with two symmetrically opened sliding grooves one by one; a plugging groove is opened on the wear-resistant sleeve, and a sliding piece is clamped in the plugging groove. A plurality of brushes are fixedly arranged on the sliding piece; the brushes are in contact with the outer side wall of the spike.

[0005] Further, a first spring is sleeved on the hydraulic shock absorber. One end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat, and the other end is connected to the upper fixing seat at the top of the hydraulic shock absorber. A fixing rod is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper fixing seat, and the end of the fixing rod away from the upper fixing seat is connected to the flexible plate.

[0006] Further, a plurality of connecting grooves are evenly distributed on the surface of the flexible plate. One side of the spike close to the flexible plate is fixedly provided with an insertion rod. The spike is inserted into the corresponding connecting groove through the insertion rod. A metal sheet is closely attached to the outer side wall of the insertion rod, and a connecting hole is opened on the metal sheet. A flexible gasket is nested in the connecting hole. One side of the flexible gasket is closely attached to the spike, and the other side is in close contact with the flexible plate. The metal sheet is fixedly connected to the flexible plate through a first bolt.

[0007] Further, an installation groove for inserting the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve is opened on the sliding rod. The size and shape of the installation groove are adapted to the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve. A threaded hole is opened on the inner wall of the sliding rod, and the wear-resistant sleeve is connected through a second bolt passing through the threaded hole and the installation groove.

[0008] Further, the spike is conically arranged, and inclined grooves are equidistantly opened on the outer side wall of the spike. The brush is gradually inclined from the side close to the top of the spike to the side close to the bottom of the spike, which is adapted to the conical structure of the spike.

[0009] Further, first inclined surfaces are opened on both sides of the sliding rod. When the brush cleans the spike, the crushed coal chips attached to the spike slide down along the first inclined surface. Second inclined surfaces are opened on both sides of the box body. When the crushed coal chips on the sliding rod move close to the box body along with the sliding rod, the crushed coal chips slide down under the guidance of the second inclined surface. The box body is arranged outside the hydraulic shock absorber, and the hydraulic shock absorber is wrapped by the inner wall of the box body.

[0010] Further, a plug is arranged at the bottom of the sliding piece, and a slot is opened on the inner wall of the plugging slot. The plug is clamped with the slot.

[0011] Further, the coal shearer includes a coal shearer body and a cutting part. The supporting device further includes a hydraulic push rod, and the hydraulic push rod is fixed on the top of the coal shearer body. The extending ends of a plurality of hydraulic push rods are jointly fixedly connected to the bearing plate.

[0012] Further, a support rod is fixedly arranged at each of the four corners of the top of the coal shearer body, and the bearing plate is slidably sleeved on the outer side wall of the support rod.

[0013] A coal shearer includes the above-mentioned coal shearer supporting device.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. Through the setting of the support device, when the shearer needs to be supported, the hydraulic push rod's extended end drives the flexible plate to contact the coal seam. When contacting the coal seam, it can adaptively fit. The flexible plates are connected by sliding rotary hinges and can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of the coal seam. After the flexible plate fits with the coal seam, the force is transmitted to the hydraulic shock absorber. When encountering coal seams with different dips or heights, the flexible plate rotates by the hinge to adapt to the changes, and the force received is transmitted to the hydraulic shock absorber through the fixed rod, compressing the hydraulic shock absorber and the first spring, realizing the stable support of the shearer in the complex coal seam environment, reducing the vibration and jitter caused by uneven force on the shearer, and ensuring the smooth and efficient progress of the coal mining operation.

[0015] 2. Through the setting of the spikes, when the flexible plate fits with the coal seam, the spikes can be inserted into the interior of the coal seam, further increasing the friction and adhesion between the flexible plate and the coal seam, enabling the shearer to obtain more stable support during the operation process, and reducing the unstable factors caused by sliding or displacement; the spikes are conically arranged, making the tip area small and the pressure concentrated. When the spikes contact the coal seam, they can achieve the purpose of inserting into the coal seam with a smaller acting force. And there are inclined grooves on the spikes. During the process of the spikes inserting into and pulling out of the coal seam, a large amount of coal chips will be generated. The existence of the inclined grooves provides a discharge channel for the coal chips, enabling the coal chips to be discharged along the inclined grooves from the contact area between the spikes and the coal seam, avoiding the accumulation of coal chips around the spikes and affecting the insertion depth and support effect of the spikes.

[0016] 3. Through the setting of the flexible gasket and the metal sheet, the spikes are fixed on the flexible plate through the flexible gasket and the metal sheet. When the spikes contact the coal seam, the flexible gasket can effectively buffer the contact force, reducing the impact force generated by the direct contact between the spikes and the coal seam. At the same time, this buffering effect reduces the wear of the connection part between the spikes and the flexible plate, extending the service life of the spikes, and facilitating the replacement of the spikes when they are worn.

[0017] 4. Through the set protection component, the wear-resistant sleeve first contacts the coal seam and bears the initial impact force, avoiding the spikes from bearing excessive pressure and friction prematurely, thus effectively reducing the wear degree of the spikes and extending the service life of the spikes. Due to the inclination of the coal seam or different layer heights, multiple wear-resistant sleeves can adaptively contact the coal seam to ensure the effective contact between the equipment and the coal seam and the stability of the work; during the process of the wear-resistant sleeve contacting the coal seam, the force drives the brush on the sliding piece to clean the coal ash attached to the outer wall of the spikes. After the spikes are separated from the contact with the coal seam, the second spring restores its deformation, enabling the brush on the wear-resistant sleeve to clean the remaining coal ash on the spikes again, preventing the coal ash from affecting the sharpness of the spikes and ensuring the working performance of the spikes; and both the wear-resistant sleeve and the brush are detachably arranged, which can be quickly replaced when worn after long-term use, reducing the maintenance time. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the shearer of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the shearer body, hydraulic push rod and bearing plate of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the box body, flexible plate and sliding rod of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view at position A; Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the box body of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the first spring, hydraulic shock absorber and box body of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the spikes and flexible plate of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view at position B; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the sliding piece, brush and wear-resistant sleeve of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the connection between the wear-resistant sleeve, flexible plate and sliding rod of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the box body, second inclined surface and sliding rotary hinge of the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Enlarged view at position C.

[0019] In the figure: 101, shearer body; 2, support device; 201, hydraulic push rod; 202, bearing plate; 203, lower fixing seat; 204, hydraulic shock absorber; 205, upper fixing seat; 206, first spring; 207, fixing rod; 208, flexible plate; 209, sliding rotary hinge; 210, spike; 211, connection groove; 212, inserting rod; 213, metal sheet; 214, flexible gasket; 215, first bolt; 3, protection component; 301, box body; 302, cavity; 303, second spring; 304, sliding rod; 305, wear-resistant sleeve; 306, sliding groove; 307, inserting groove; 308, sliding piece; 309, brush; 310, inserting part; 311, slot; 312, installation groove; 313, second bolt; 4, inclined groove; 5, first inclined surface; 6, support rod; 7, second inclined surface; 102, cutting part. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the protection scope is not limited hereby.

[0021] Referring to Figures 1 to 12 , this embodiment provides a shearer, which includes a shearer body 101, a cutting unit 102 and a support device 2; the support device 2 is installed on the top of the shearer body 101, and the support device 2 is used to support the roof when the shearer body 101 is performing coal mining work.

[0022] On both sides of the shearer body 101, cutting units 102 are respectively installed. The cutting unit 102 is the direct execution unit for coal mining. The cutting unit 102 is connected to the power system of the shearer body 101. The power system continuously provides strong power for the cutting unit 102, driving the high-speed operation of the cutting unit 102, so as to efficiently cut the coal mine.

[0023] Specifically, the support device 2 includes a hydraulic push rod 201. The hydraulic push rod 201, as the power driving unit of the support device 2, is fixed on the top of the shearer body 101 and is provided with several. The extending ends of several hydraulic push rods 201 are fixedly connected to a bearing plate 202 together; these hydraulic push rods 201 can adjust the extending length according to the actual needs of coal mining operations. Through the internal hydraulic system, when the shearer enters the coal roadway to carry out coal mining work, the hydraulic push rod 201 can be controlled to start, and its extending end gradually extends, thereby driving the connected bearing plate 202 to rise or fall to adapt to different coal seam heights and complex working environments, providing reliable power support for the entire support device 2; the bearing plate 202, as an important bearing component of the entire support device 2, can evenly disperse the force transmitted by the hydraulic push rod 201 to ensure the stable operation of each subsequent connected component.

[0024] A support rod 6 is fixedly provided at each of the four corners of the top of the shearer body 101. The bearing plate 202 is slidably sleeved on the outer side wall of the support rod 6. When the hydraulic push rod 201 drives the bearing plate 202 to rise or fall, the bearing plate 202 can smoothly slide along the outer side wall of the support rod 6. During this process, the support rod 6 plays a stable supporting role for the bearing plate 202, ensuring that the movement of the bearing plate 202 in the vertical direction remains stable and avoiding situations such as shaking and offset, which helps to improve the overall stability of the support device 2.

[0025] A plurality of lower fixing seats 203 are fixedly arranged on the surface of the bearing plate 202, and a hydraulic shock absorber 204 is connected to the inner wall of the lower fixing seat 203. A first spring 206 is sleeved on the hydraulic shock absorber 204, and one end of the first spring 206 is tightly fixed to the lower fixing seat 203, and the other end is connected to the upper fixing seat 205 on the top of the hydraulic shock absorber 204. During the operation of the coal mining machine, due to the complex and changeable coal seam conditions, the coal mining machine will inevitably be subjected to various shocks and vibrations. When these external forces are transmitted to the hydraulic shock absorber 204 through the bearing plate 202, the hydraulic shock absorber 204 can respond quickly, and through the internal hydraulic oil flow and damping structure, the impact force is effectively absorbed and mitigated, and excessive impact force is prevented from directly acting on other components, thereby protecting the entire support device 2 and the coal mining machine body 101. The first spring 206 and the hydraulic shock absorber 204 work together to further enhance the buffering effect.

[0026] When impacted, the hydraulic shock absorber 204 first plays a major buffering role. As the impact force continues to act, the first spring 206 begins to compress and deform, absorbing and storing part of the energy. When the impact force weakens, the first spring 206 will gradually release energy, assisting the hydraulic shock absorber 204 to reset the upper fixed seat 205, ensuring that the entire support structure can quickly return to a stable state, providing continuous and stable support for the coal mining machine.

[0027] A fixing rod 207 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper fixing seat 205. The end of the fixing rod 207 away from the upper fixing seat 205 is connected with a flexible plate 208. The flexible plate 208 is a component that directly contacts the coal seam roof. The flexible plate 208 is made of silicone rubber, and reinforcing fillers (such as white carbon black, etc.) are added to the silicone rubber to improve its hardness and supporting capacity. The silicone rubber has good flexibility, high temperature resistance and low temperature resistance, and can adapt to a large temperature change range in the coal mine. When the coal mining machine is in the process of coal mining, the flexible plate 208 can adaptively emit according to the irregular shape of the coal seam after mining. The flexible plates 208 are connected by a sliding rotary hinge 209 to form an array arrangement. The sliding rotary hinge 209 enables two flexible plates 208 to slide in a plane through the sliding rotary hinge 209, and can also rotate around the axis of the sliding rotary hinge 209, which greatly improves the adaptability of the flexible plates 208 to coal seams of different inclinations and shapes. For example, when encountering a coal seam with an inclined angle, the flexible plate 208 can adjust its own angle by rotating the sliding rotary hinge 209 to better fit the coal seam and ensure the supporting effect. like Figure 12As shown, the sliding and rotating hinge 209 is a conventional structure, which includes a base fixed between the flexible plates 208. A rotatable rotating shaft is provided on the base, and a connecting piece is installed on the rotating shaft. The connecting piece can rotate around the rotating shaft. A sliding groove is formed on the connecting piece, and a sliding rod is slidably connected in the sliding groove. The two connecting pieces achieve relative sliding through the sliding rod.

[0028] A spike 210 is detachably connected to the top of the flexible plate 208. When the flexible plate 208 is attached to the coal seam, the spike 210 can be inserted into the interior of the coal seam, further increasing the friction and adhesion between the flexible plate 208 and the coal seam, enabling the shearer to obtain a more stable support during operation and reducing unstable factors caused by sliding or displacement. The spike 210 is provided in a conical shape, and inclined grooves 4 are equidistantly formed on the outer side wall of the spike 210; the tip area of the conical spike 210 is small and the pressure is concentrated. When the spike 210 contacts the coal seam, it can achieve the purpose of inserting into the coal seam with a relatively small acting force. During the process of inserting and pulling out the spike 210 from the coal seam, a large amount of coal chips will be generated. The existence of the inclined grooves 4 provides a discharge channel for the coal chips, enabling the coal chips to be discharged along the inclined grooves 4 from the contact area between the spike 210 and the coal seam, preventing the coal chips from accumulating around the spike 210 and affecting the insertion depth and support effect of the spike 210. At the same time, the detachable design facilitates the replacement of the spike 210 after wear. The old spike 210 can be simply removed and a new spike 210 can be installed to ensure that the equipment is always in the best working condition.

[0029] Considering the complex coal mining operation environment, the spike 210 will bear a large impact force when contacting the coal seam. If it directly acts on the connection part between the flexible plate 208 and the spike 210, it is easy to cause wear or even damage to the connection part. Therefore, a number of connecting grooves 211 are evenly distributed on the surface of the flexible plate 208. A plug rod 212 is fixedly provided on the side of the spike 210 close to the flexible plate 208. When installing, the plug rod 212 is inserted into the connecting groove 211 to achieve preliminary positioning and connection. This matching method of the plug rod 212 and the connecting groove 211 provides basic stability for the installation of the spike 210 on the flexible plate 208, so that the spike 210 will not easily shift when contacting and being stressed by the coal seam.

[0030] During the actual coal mining operation process, when the shearer body 101 enters the coal mining area, the support device 2 is quickly started, and the hydraulic push rod 201 accurately adjusts the extension length, driving the bearing plate 202 to rise or fall smoothly until the flexible plate 208 is closely attached to the coal seam. During this process, the spike 210 is inserted into the coal seam, further enhancing the stability of the support, effectively reducing the vibration and displacement generated by the shearer due to uneven force during operation, and providing a solid and reliable support foundation for the stable operation of the cutting unit 102.

[0031] To further enhance the reliability and stability of the connection, a metal sheet 213 is closely attached to the outer side wall of the insertion rod 212. The metal sheet 213 has good strength and rigidity, and can effectively disperse the stress borne by the spikes 210 during operation, preventing damage to the connection part caused by stress concentration. A connection hole is provided on the metal sheet 213, and a flexible gasket 214 is nested in the connection hole. The flexible gasket 214 is made of a material with elasticity and buffering performance. One side of the flexible gasket 214 is closely attached to the spikes 210, and the other side of the flexible gasket 214 is in close contact with the flexible plate 208. When the spikes 210 come into contact with the coal seam and are stressed, it can effectively buffer the impact force, reduce the direct rigid collision between the spikes 210 and the flexible plate 208, thereby reducing the wear of the connection part and prolonging the service life of the spikes 210 and the flexible plate 208. The metal sheet 213 is fixedly connected to the flexible plate 208 through the first bolt 215, which can ensure that the metal sheet 213, the spikes 210 and the flexible plate 208 are closely combined together.

[0032] When the flexible plate 208 is in contact with the coal seam, the spikes 210 on the surface of the flexible plate 208 will come into contact with the coal seam and insert into the interior of the coal seam. This not only further improves the degree of fit between the flexible plate 208 and the coal seam, but also enhances the friction force between the flexible plate 208 and the coal seam, enabling the shearer to obtain a more stable support during operation and reducing unstable factors caused by sliding or displacement.

[0033] When the spikes 210 need to be replaced due to wear after long-term use, the replacement operation is simple and fast. Just unscrew the first bolt 215 on the metal sheet 213 from the flexible plate 208, and then pull out the insertion rod 212 of the spikes 210 from the connection groove 211, then the old spikes 210 can be removed from the metal sheet 213. Next, insert the insertion rod 212 of the new spikes 210 into the metal sheet 213, then insert the metal sheet 213 together with the insertion rod 212 into the connection groove 211, and finally use the first bolt 215 to re-fix the metal sheet 213 and the flexible plate 208, and the replacement of the spikes 210 is completed. If the flexible gasket 214 needs to be replaced, first remove the first bolt 215, take out the old flexible gasket 214 from the connection hole, and then replace it with a new flexible gasket 214. This easy-to-operate replacement method ensures that the equipment can quickly return to the best working state and improves the efficiency and continuity of coal mining operations.

[0034] Furthermore, considering that the shearer needs to continuously move forward during operation to collect the coal seam ahead, during this process, the support device 2 needs to be retracted in a timely manner. When the shearer moves to a new position and starts coal mining operations, the support device 2 is then driven to extend and contact the coal seam to provide support. Due to the frequent extension and retraction of the support device 2, the contact frequency between the spikes 210 and the coal seam increases significantly. During the frequent contact between the spikes 210 and the coal mine, the spikes 210 are vulnerable to damage such as wear and collision, which will shorten the service life of the spikes 210. Therefore, a protection component 3 is installed on the flexible plate 208 to protect the spikes 210.

[0035] Specifically, the protection component 3 includes a number of boxes 301, and the boxes 301 correspond to the flexible plates 208 one by one; the boxes 301 are fixed on the surface of the bearing plate 202. A number of cavities 302 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box 301. A sliding rod 304 is slidably connected in each cavity 302. A second spring 303 is connected between the bottom of the sliding rod 304 and the bottom surface of the cavity 302. When an external force is applied to the sliding rod 304, the second spring 303 can absorb and store energy, causing the sliding rod 304 to produce a corresponding displacement. When the external force disappears, the second spring 303 can quickly release energy and push the sliding rod 304 back to its original position.

[0036] A wear-resistant sleeve 305 is detachably connected to the sliding rod 304, considering the wear problem of the wear-resistant sleeve 305 during use, which is convenient for replacement and can ensure its effectiveness during the protection process. An installation groove 312 for inserting the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve 305 is specifically provided on the sliding rod 304. The size and shape of the installation groove 312 are adapted to the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve 305, providing a stable basis for the connection between the two. At the same time, a threaded hole is also provided on the inner wall of the sliding rod 304. After the second bolt 313 passes through the threaded hole and the installation groove 312, it is connected to the wear-resistant sleeve 305. This connection method is both stable and reliable, enabling the sliding rod 304 and the wear-resistant sleeve 305 to be closely combined, ensuring that the two can work together during the protection process. Symmetric semi-circular sliding grooves 306 are symmetrically provided on the flexible plate 208 corresponding to the outer circumference of each spike 210. A wear-resistant sleeve 305 corresponds to and forms a sliding fit with the two symmetrically provided sliding grooves 306. When the support device 2 works, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 can slide up and down along the sliding grooves 306. This sliding design enables the wear-resistant sleeve 305 to flexibly respond to different working conditions. For example, during the process of the support device 2 extending and contacting the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 can first contact the coal seam with the spike 210, effectively sharing the impact force and friction force borne by the spike 210.

[0037] When the flexible plate 208 contacts the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 first contacts the coal seam. As the extended end of the hydraulic push rod 201 continuously extends, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 continuously contacts the coal seam and is stressed. Due to the inclination of the coal seam or different layer heights, multiple wear-resistant sleeves 305 can adaptively contact the coal seam. When the wear-resistant sleeve 305 is acted upon by the coal seam, it will push the sliding rod 304 connected to it to slide downward along the inner wall of the cavity 302, thereby compressing the second spring 303 and causing the wear-resistant sleeve 305 to retract towards the box body 301, that is, to retract from the surface of the flexible plate 208. Under this design, first, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts and retracts from the coal seam, and then the spikes 210 contact the coal seam, which can effectively reduce the wear of the spikes 210. The reason is that the wear-resistant sleeve 305 bears the initial impact force of the coal seam, avoiding the spikes 210 from bearing excessive pressure and friction prematurely, thereby reducing the wear degree of the spikes 210. Furthermore, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 is provided with a socket groove 307, and a sliding piece 308 is clamped in the socket groove 307. A plurality of brushes 309 are fixedly arranged on the sliding piece 308. When the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts and slides along the coal seam, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 drives the brushes 309 to contact the outer side wall of the spikes 210. Since coal particles and coal ash will adhere to the surface of the spikes 210 after contacting the coal seam, the brushes 309 can timely clean the surface of the spikes 210 to prevent these attachments from affecting the performance and service life of the spikes 210. The brushes 309 are made of elastic rubber material, and the rubber material of the brushes 309 has good flexibility and wear resistance. When cleaning the spikes 210, it can closely adhere to the surface of the spikes 210 by virtue of its elasticity, effectively removing the attached coal chips and impurities, and can also avoid causing hard scraping damage to the spikes 210 during the cleaning process, ensuring the integrity and service life of the spikes 210.

[0038] At the same time, the brushes 309 are arranged in a gradually inclined shape from the side close to the top of the spikes 210 to the side close to the bottom of the spikes 210. This inclined design is adapted to the conical structure of the spikes 210, enabling the brushes 309 to better conform to the shape of the spikes 210 during the cleaning process and achieving full coverage cleaning from the top to the bottom of the spikes 210. When the sliding piece 308 drives the brushes 309 to slide along the outer side wall of the spikes 210, the inclined brushes 309 can sweep the crushed coal chips at different positions at the best angle and strength, improving the cleaning efficiency, effectively preventing coal chip residues, maintaining the cleanliness of the surface of the spikes 210, and thus ensuring that the spikes 210 always maintain good working performance during coal mining operations.

[0039] A plug 310 is provided at the bottom of the sliding piece 308, and a plug slot 311 is formed in the inner wall of the insertion slot 307. The plug 310 is snap-fitted with the plug slot 311. When it is necessary to replace the brush 309 or the sliding piece 308, simply pull out the plug 310, and the sliding piece 308 can be taken out of the insertion slot 307. The operation is simple and fast, improving the maintenance efficiency of the equipment.

[0040] First inclined surfaces 5 are formed on both sides of the sliding rod 304. When the brush 309 cleans the spikes 210, it can help the crushed coal chips attached to the spikes 210 slide down along the first inclined surfaces 5, effectively preventing the crushed coal chips from accumulating at the sliding rod 304. Second inclined surfaces 7 are formed on both sides of the box body 301. When the crushed coal chips on the sliding rod 304 move close to the box body 301 along with the sliding rod 304, under the guidance of the second inclined surfaces 7, the crushed coal chips will not accumulate and adhere to the surface of the box body 301, but slide down smoothly along the second inclined surfaces 7 to the lower part, so as to always keep the surface of the box body 301 relatively clean. The box body 301 is arranged outside the hydraulic shock absorber 204, and the inner wall of the box body 301 wraps the hydraulic shock absorber 204 to prevent the coal block debris generated during coal mining from entering between the hydraulic shock absorber 204 and the first spring 206.

[0041] During the process of the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacting the coal seam, due to the force, the brush 309 on the sliding piece 308 slides downward along the outer side wall of the spike 210 to clean the coal mine attached to the outer side wall of the spike 210. When the spike 210 is separated from the coal seam, the second spring 303 in the cavity 302 resumes deformation and pushes the sliding rod 304 to slide upward along the inner wall of the cavity 302, so that the brush 309 on the wear-resistant sleeve 305 contacts the outer side wall of the spike 210 again. At this time, the coal ash remaining on the spike 210 after contacting the coal seam can be cleaned. In this way, the wear-resistant sleeve 305 can not only protect the spike 210 when contacting the coal seam and reduce its wear, but also clean the crushed coal ash on the spike 210 during the retraction and reset process to prevent the coal ash from affecting the sharpness of the spike 210 when contacting the coal seam next time. When the brush 309 is severely worn due to long-term use and needs to be replaced, simply pull out the sliding piece 308 from the insertion slot 307 with force, replace it with a new sliding piece 308, and insert the plug 310 on the new sliding piece 308 into the plug slot 311 to complete the replacement. If the wear-resistant sleeve 305 needs to be replaced after long-term use, first loosen the second bolt 313, pull out the old wear-resistant sleeve 305 from the installation slot 312, then fix the new sliding piece 308 with the brush 309 by snap-fitting the plug 310 with the plug slot 311, and finally tighten the second bolt 313 to complete the replacement of the wear-resistant sleeve 305.

[0042] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the scope of patent protection determined by the claims submitted for the present invention.

Claims

1. A support device for a coal shearer, the support device (2) is located at the top of the coal shearer and is used to support the roof during coal mining; characterized in that, It includes a liftable carrier plate (202); several lower fixing seats (203) are fixedly arranged on the surface of the carrier plate (202), and a hydraulic shock absorber (204) is connected to the inner wall of the lower fixing seat (203); a flexible plate (208) is arranged above the hydraulic shock absorber (204), and a plurality of flexible plates (208) are connected by sliding rotary hinges (209) to form an array arrangement; the top of the flexible plate (208) is detachably connected with spikes (210), and a protection component (3) for protecting the spikes (210) is installed on the flexible plate (208). The protection component (3) includes several boxes (301), and the boxes (301) correspond to the flexible plates (208) one by one; the boxes (301) are fixed on the surface of the carrier plate (202), and several cavities (302) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the boxes (301). A sliding rod (304) is slidably connected in each cavity (302), and a second spring (303) is connected between the bottom of the sliding rod (304) and the bottom surface of the cavity (302). A wear-resistant sleeve (305) is detachably connected to the sliding rod (304). Semi-circular sliding grooves (306) are symmetrically opened on the outer periphery of each spike (210) on the flexible plate (208). A wear-resistant sleeve (305) corresponds to and forms a sliding fit with two symmetrically opened sliding grooves (306); a plug-in groove (307) is opened on the wear-resistant sleeve (305), and a sliding piece (308) is clamped in the plug-in groove (307). Several brushes (309) are fixedly arranged on the sliding piece (308); the brushes (309) are in contact with the outer side wall of the spike (210).

2. The shearer support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first spring (206) is sleeved on the hydraulic shock absorber (204). One end of the first spring (206) is fixedly connected to the lower fixing seat (203), and the other end is connected to the upper fixing seat (205) at the top of the hydraulic shock absorber (204); a fixing rod (207) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper fixing seat (205), and the end of the fixing rod (207) away from the upper fixing seat (205) is connected to the flexible plate (208).

3. The shearer support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several connecting grooves (211) are evenly distributed on the surface of the flexible plate (208). A plug rod (212) is fixedly arranged on the side of the spike (210) close to the flexible plate (208); the spike (210) is inserted into the corresponding connecting groove (211) through the plug rod (212); a metal sheet (213) is closely attached to the outer side wall of the plug rod (212), and a connecting hole is opened on the metal sheet (213). A flexible gasket (214) is nested in the connecting hole; one side of the flexible gasket (214) is closely attached to the spike (210), and the other side is closely in contact with the flexible plate (208); the metal sheet (213) is fixedly connected to the flexible plate (208) through a first bolt (215).

4. A shearer support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An installation groove (312) for plugging the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve (305) is formed on the sliding rod (304), and the size and shape of the installation groove (312) are adapted to the bottom of the wear-resistant sleeve (305); a threaded hole is formed in the inner wall of the sliding rod (304), and the second bolt (313) passes through the threaded hole and the installation groove (312) and then is connected to the wear-resistant sleeve (305).

5. The shearer support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spikes (210) are arranged in a conical shape, and inclined grooves (4) are equidistantly formed on the outer side wall of the spikes (210); the brush (309) is arranged in a gradually inclined shape from the side close to the top of the spikes (210) to the side close to the bottom of the spikes (210), and is adapted to the conical structure of the spikes (210).

6. The shearer support device according to claim 5, characterized in that, First inclined surfaces (5) are formed on both sides of the sliding rod (304). When the brush (309) cleans the spikes (210), the crushed coal dust attached to the spikes (210) slides down along the first inclined surfaces (5); second inclined surfaces (7) are formed on both sides of the box body (301). When the crushed coal dust on the sliding rod (304) moves close to the box body (301) along with the sliding rod (304), the crushed coal dust slides down under the guidance of the second inclined surfaces (7); the box body (301) is arranged outside the hydraulic shock absorber (204), and the hydraulic shock absorber (204) is wrapped by the inner wall of the box body (301).

7. The shearer support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plug-in part (310) is arranged at the bottom of the sliding piece (308), and a slot (311) is formed in the inner wall of the plug-in slot (307), and the plug-in part (310) is clamped with the slot (311).

8. The shearer support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal shearer includes a coal shearer body (101) and a cutting part (102); the supporting device (2) further includes a hydraulic push rod (201), and the hydraulic push rod (201) is fixed to the top of the coal shearer body (101); the extending ends of a plurality of hydraulic push rods (201) are fixedly connected to the bearing plate (202) together.

9. The shearer support device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A support rod (6) is fixedly arranged at each of the four corners of the top of the coal shearer body (101), and the bearing plate (202) is slidably sleeved on the outer side wall of the support rod (6).

10. A coal shearer, characterized in that, It includes a coal shearer supporting device according to any one of claims 1-9.

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