Dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor rod

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of anchoring, in particular to a dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor rod which comprises an anchor rod body, a first boss is arranged at the top of the anchor rod body, a third boss is arranged at the bottom of the anchor rod body, a second boss is further arranged at the position, L away from the third boss, of the anchor rod body, and L is larger than or equal to 0. A bag is fixed between the first boss and the second boss, and a grouting pipe and an exhaust pipe which penetrate through the first boss and extend into the bag are arranged on the first boss; a plurality of blades are movably connected to the end face of the third boss and can move between an unfolded state and a folded state, and elastic devices are further arranged between the blades and the third boss, so that the blades tend to move towards the unfolded state. By integrating the structure of the bag and the structure of the anchor disc, the anchoring effect is improved, and the adaptability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of anchoring, and particularly to a dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt. Background Art

[0002] As a commonly used support structure in geotechnical engineering, the core function of an anchor bolt is to achieve the transfer of uplift or compressive capacity through the interaction between the anchoring section and the surrounding medium. In the prior art, the common forms of anchor bolts mainly include two categories: the bladder-type anchor bolt and the anchor plate-type anchor bolt. The bladder-type anchor bolt usually relies on the bladder formed by grouting as the anchoring unit, and provides the anchoring force through the bonding effect between the grout (solidified body) and the rock-soil mass or concrete structure. Such anchor bolts are suitable for loose rock and soil layers or scenarios that require rapid consolidation. However, their anchoring performance is easily affected by the quality of the grout, the grouting process, and the uniformity of the surrounding medium, and there are certain limitations in long-term durability. The anchor plate-type anchor bolt uses mechanical anchor fittings as the main pressure-bearing unit and transfers the load through the direct contact between the outer anchoring section and the structure. Such anchor bolts have the advantages of convenient installation and strong adjustability, but have high requirements for the strength and stiffness of the anchoring base, and there may be a risk of anchoring failure in soft strata or large deformation working conditions.

[0003] Although the above two types of anchor bolts have been widely used in engineering practice, both have limitations in a single anchoring mode: the bonding anchoring performance of the bladder-type anchor bolt is easily interfered by environmental factors and relies on a complex grouting process; the mechanical anchoring of the anchor plate-type anchor bolt depends on a high-strength base and is difficult to meet the multi-directional load requirements under complex geological conditions. In addition, the existing technical specifications have strict requirements for the axial centering of the anchor bolt, the layout of the reaction device, and the matching of the composite elastic modulus, further highlighting the deficiencies of the single anchoring mode in construction adaptability and load-bearing uniformity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

[0005] A dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt, comprising an anchor bolt, with a first boss provided at the top of the anchor bolt, a third boss provided at the bottom of the anchor bolt, and a second boss further provided on the anchor bolt at a distance L above the third boss, where L is greater than or equal to 0;

[0006] A bladder is fixed between the first boss and the second boss, and a grouting pipe and an exhaust pipe passing through the first boss and extending into the bladder are provided on the first boss;

[0007] A plurality of blades are movably connected to the end face of the third boss. The plurality of blades can move between a deployed state and a retracted state, and an elastic device is further provided between the blades and the third boss, so that the blades tend to move towards the deployed state;

[0008] Around the peripheries of the multiple vanes on the third boss, a closed-loop restraint band is further provided to limit the positions of the multiple vanes in the retracted state. An unlocking device is also connected to the restraint band, and the other end of the unlocking device extends above the first boss. The unlocking device is used to unlock the restraint band so that the restraint band opens, thereby enabling the vanes to move towards the deployed state.

[0009] Preferably, an upper flange is further provided on the lower end face of the first boss, and a lower flange is further provided on the upper end face of the second boss. The upper part of the bladder is fixed on the upper flange, and the lower part of the bladder is fixed on the lower flange; the positions where the grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe penetrate the first boss are inside the upper flange.

[0010] Preferably, the cross-sections of the upper flange and the lower flange are rectangular.

[0011] Preferably, an upper hoop is further provided on the upper flange that fixes the upper part of the bladder for further fixation; a lower hoop is further provided on the lower flange that fixes the lower part of the bladder for further fixation.

[0012] Preferably, the value of L is greater than the length of the vanes on the third boss.

[0013] Preferably, the unlocking device is a bolt or a pull rope.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic device is a torsion spring.

[0015] Preferably, the value of L is 0.

[0016] Preferably, the number of the vanes is an even number. The vanes include a core and a page. The area of the page is larger than that of the core. The page is installed on the upper end face or the lower end face of the core, and the installation positions of the pages of adjacent vanes are opposite.

[0017] Preferably, a bottom flange is further provided on the lower end face of the third boss. The elastic device is a hook spring. One end of the hook spring is connected to the bottom flange, and the other end is connected to the vane.

[0018] Advantageous effects: In the technical solution of the present invention, the bladder forms an enlarged head through grouting to provide a bonding and anchoring force with a large contact surface, and the anchor plate, as a rigid pressure-bearing structure, can effectively disperse the load to the surrounding rock and soil mass. After the two are combined, the ultimate pull-out resistance of the anchor rod is significantly improved compared with the traditional single structure, and it is particularly suitable for soft rock formations or high-load scenarios. The annular pressure-bearing surface of the anchor plate and the grouted body of the bladder form a mechanical complementarity, avoiding local damage to the surrounding rock caused by stress concentration in traditional anchor plate type anchor rods. The bladder grouting can adapt to the irregularity of the hole wall, and the anchor plate ensures the positioning accuracy through standardized installation. After the two are combined, the adaptability to complex geological conditions (such as fracture zones and loose layers) is significantly enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of the retracted state in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part A in

[0021] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part B in

[0022] Figure 4 It is a perspective view of the deployed state in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 the enlarged view of part C in

[0024] Figure 6 It is a perspective view of the present invention after hiding the sac and the hoop in the first embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7 It is Figure 6 the enlarged view of part D in

[0026] Figure 8 It is Figure 6 the enlarged view of part E in

[0027] Figure 9 It is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 It is a perspective view of the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 It is Figure 10 the enlarged view of part F of

[0030] Figure 12 It is the structural view of the upper side perspective of the anchor plate part in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 13 It is the structural view of the bottom side perspective of the anchor plate part in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Reference numerals: 1 - anchor rod, 2 - first boss, 3 - second boss, 4 - third boss, 5 - sac, 6 - upper flange, 7 - lower flange, 8 - upper hoop, 9 - lower hoop, 10 - grouting pipe, 11 - exhaust pipe, 12 - pin, 13 - first blade, 14 - second blade, 141 - page core, 142 - page, 15 - restraint band, 16 - bottom flange. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] As Figures 1 to 8 shown, a dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor rod includes an anchor rod 1. A first boss 2 is provided at the top of the anchor rod 1, a third boss 4 is provided at the bottom of the anchor rod 1, and a second boss 3 is further provided on the anchor rod 1 at a distance L above the third boss 4.

[0036] A bladder 5 is fixed between the first boss 2 and the second boss 3. On the first boss 2, a grouting pipe 10 and an exhaust pipe 11 that penetrate the first boss 2 and extend into the bladder 5 are provided.

[0037] On the end face of the third boss 4, a plurality of blades are movably connected. In this embodiment, the blades are first blades 13. There are 5 first blades 13 in total, which are arranged in a circumferential array on the upper end face of the third boss 4. The plurality of first blades 13 can move between an unfolded state and a folded state. An elastic device is also provided between the blades and the third boss 4, so that the blades tend to move towards the unfolded state.

[0038] Outside the plurality of blades on the third boss 4, a closed-loop restraint band 15 is further provided to limit the positions of the plurality of blades in the folded state. An unlocking device is also connected to the restraint band 15, and the other end of the unlocking device extends above the first boss 2. The unlocking device is used to unlock the restraint band 15, so that the restraint band 15 opens, and then the blades move towards the unfolded state.

[0039] As Figures 6 to 8 shown, an upper flange 6 is further provided on the lower end face of the first boss 2, a lower flange 7 is provided on the upper end face of the second boss 3. The upper part of the bladder 5 is fixed on the upper flange 6, and the lower part of the bladder 5 is fixed on the lower flange 7. The positions where the grouting pipe 10 and the exhaust pipe 11 penetrate the first boss 2 are inside the upper flange 6. The cross-sections of the upper flange 6 and the lower flange 7 are rectangular.

[0040] An upper hoop 8 is also provided on the upper flange 6 that fixes the upper part of the bladder 5 for further fixation. A lower hoop 9 is also provided on the lower flange 7 that fixes the lower part of the bladder 5 for further fixation.

[0041] In this embodiment, the value of L is greater than the length of the blades on the third boss 4.

[0042] In this embodiment, the unlocking device is a bolt 12. In some embodiments, the unlocking device may also be other devices such as a pull rope.

[0043] In this embodiment, the elastic device is a torsion spring.

[0044] Among them, the rectangular cross-section of the upper flange 6 and the lower flange 7 cooperates with the retaining rings 8 and 9 to form a mechanical nested fixation, which can effectively improve the shear strength compared with the traditional bonding fixation method. By setting the value of L to be greater than the length of the blades on the third boss 4, the blades can be better gathered in the retracted state.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] As Figure 9 shown, in this embodiment, the others are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The difference lies in that the value of L is 0, that is, the third boss 4 coincides with the second boss 3, which can make the overall structure more compact.

[0047] Embodiment 3

[0048] As Figures 10 to 13 shown, in this embodiment, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the blade is the second blade 14, the number of the second blades 14 is an even number, the second blade 14 includes a blade core 141 and a blade face 142, the area of the blade face 142 is larger than that of the blade core 141, the blade face 142 is installed on the upper end face or the lower end face of the blade core 141, and the installation positions of the blade faces of adjacent second blades 14 are opposite.

[0049] This embodiment also has the following differences from Embodiment 1: A bottom flange 16 is further provided on the lower end face of the third boss 4, the elastic device is a hook spring, one end of the hook spring is connected to the bottom flange 16, and the other end is connected to the second blade 14.

[0050] In this embodiment, the number of blades is relatively large, with a total of 16, and the force is more evenly distributed. However, at this time, due to the restriction of the space on the end face of the third boss 4, using a torsion spring is no longer the best solution. Therefore, a hook spring is provided between the bottom flange 16 and the blade as the elastic device, which is easy to install and more suitable for the case of multiple blades. At the same time, the second blade 14 is arranged in the form of a blade core 141 and a blade face 142, and the installation methods of adjacent blades are opposite, which can form a better retraction effect when the blades are in the retracted state.

[0051] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-mode pressure-bearing bolt, characterized in that, Comprising a bolt, a first boss is provided at the top of the bolt, a third boss is provided at the bottom of the bolt, and a second boss is further provided on the bolt at a distance L above the third boss, where L is greater than or equal to 0; Between the first boss and the second boss, a bladder is fixed. On the first boss, a grouting pipe and an exhaust pipe are provided, which penetrate the first boss and extend into the bladder; On the end face of the third boss, a plurality of blades are movably connected. The plurality of blades can move between a deployed state and a retracted state. An elastic device is further provided between the blades and the third boss, so that the blades tend to move towards the deployed state; Around the plurality of blades on the third boss, a closed-loop restraint band is further provided to limit the positions of the plurality of blades in the retracted state. An unlocking device is also connected to the restraint band, and the other end of the unlocking device extends above the first boss. The unlocking device is used to unlock the restraint band so that the restraint band opens, thereby allowing the blades to move towards the deployed state.

2. The double-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, A upper flange is further provided on the lower end face of the first boss, and a lower flange is further provided on the upper end face of the second boss. The upper part of the bladder is fixed on the upper flange, and the lower part of the bladder is fixed on the lower flange; the positions where the grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe penetrate the first boss are inside the upper flange.

3. The double-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-sections of the upper flange and the lower flange are rectangular.

4. The double-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the upper flange where the upper part of the bladder is fixed, an upper hoop is further provided for further fixation; on the lower flange where the lower part of the bladder is fixed, a lower hoop is further provided for further fixation.

5. The double-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The value of L is greater than the length of the blades on the third boss.

6. A dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unlocking device is a bolt or a pull rope.

7. A dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic device is a torsion spring.

8. A dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The value of L is 0.

9. A dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the blades is an even number. The blades include a blade core and a blade surface. The area of the blade surface is larger than that of the blade core. The blade surface is installed on the upper end face or the lower end face of the blade core, and the installation positions of the blade surfaces of adjacent blades are opposite.

10. A dual-mode pressure-bearing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bottom flange is further provided on the lower end face of the third boss. The elastic device is a hook spring. One end of the hook spring is connected to the bottom flange, and the other end is connected to the blade.

Images