Artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on water spraying temperature control and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system and method based on water spraying temperature control, the system comprises an underground artificial chamber, a spraying system, a water collecting system and a circulating water conveying system, the artificial chamber is in air communication with the outside through an air conveying pipe, and designed water is stored in the artificial chamber for water spraying circulating heat exchange; an inlet of the circulating water conveying system is connected with the water collecting system; the water collecting system is set as follows: during energy storage and energy release, the water collecting system is used for collecting water in the artificial chamber and delivering the water to the spraying system through the circulating water delivery system; the spraying system is arranged in the mode that during energy storage and energy release, the spraying system is used for atomizing water from the circulating water conveying system and then spraying the atomized water into the artificial chamber so as to adjust the temperature. The temperature change range in the artificial chamber can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the temperature in the chamber is not too high or too low, the service life of a sealing material and a lining structure material in the chamber is prolonged, and operation safety of a gas storage is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and particularly relates to an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Compressed air energy storage is a large-scale energy storage technology that converts electrical energy into air pressure potential energy and heat energy of a heat storage medium for storage, and then converts it back into electrical energy during peak electricity consumption. It utilizes surplus electrical energy from the power grid, compresses air through a compressor to store electrical energy, and transports the compressed air to a rock cave, an abandoned salt cave, an abandoned mine, or other pressure vessels; during high load periods of the power grid, the high-pressure gas in the gas storage is released, heated through a combustion chamber or a heat exchanger, raised to a certain temperature and sent to an expander, and the pressure potential energy and thermal potential energy of the compressed air are converted into mechanical work output of the expander to drive a generator to generate electricity.

[0003] Currently, compressed air energy storage gas storage can adopt forms such as surface pipeline steel, salt caverns, artificial chambers, etc. To meet the flexibility and economy of power station layout, more and more projects adopt the form of artificial chamber gas storage, but the following problems exist in its actual application:

[0004] 1. During energy storage, a large amount of heat is generated when air is compressed into the chamber, which will cause a significant increase in the air temperature in the chamber. During energy release, a large amount of heat is carried away when air is discharged from the chamber, which will cause a significant decrease in the air temperature in the chamber. Excessive or too low temperature and drastic temperature changes will affect the service life of the sealing layer in the chamber and the strength of the lining structure material, which is related to safe operation.

[0005] 2. During the energy storage and release processes, the average air temperature in the chamber is high, the air density is low, and a larger chamber volume is required to store the same mass of air, which greatly increases the cost of the gas storage chamber. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control and an operation method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages in aspects such as temperature control effect, cost control, and system operation and maintenance, providing a better solution for the application and development of compressed air energy storage technology.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0008] On the one hand, the present invention provides an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control, which includes an underground artificial chamber, a spray system, a water collection system, and a circulating water supply system. The artificial chamber is connected to the outside through an air pipe for air communication, and a designed amount of water is stored in the artificial chamber for spray water circulation heat exchange. The inlet of the circulating water supply system is connected to the water collection system, and the outlet is connected to the spray system. The water collection system is configured to collect the water in the artificial chamber during both energy storage and energy release and deliver it to the spray system through the circulating water supply system. The spray system is configured to atomize the water from the circulating water supply system and spray it into the artificial chamber to adjust the temperature during both energy storage and energy release.

[0009] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the spray system includes atomizing nozzles and a water spraying main pipe. The water spraying main pipe is arranged at the top inside the artificial chamber and is connected to the outlet of the circulating water supply system. A plurality of the atomizing nozzles are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water spraying main pipe for atomizing the water and spraying it into the artificial chamber. The length direction of the water spraying main pipe is parallel to the axial direction of the artificial chamber.

[0010] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the water collection system includes a water collection main pipe and water collection tanks. The water collection main pipe is arranged at the bottom inside the artificial chamber and is connected to the inlet of the circulating water supply system. A plurality of the water collection tanks are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water collection main pipe for collecting the sprayed water. The length direction of the water collection main pipe is parallel to the axial direction of the artificial chamber.

[0011] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the circulating water supply system includes a first water outlet pipe installed with a first check valve. The inlet of the first water outlet pipe is connected to the water collection main pipe of the water collection system, and the outlet is sequentially connected to a filter and a first stop valve through a second water outlet pipe. The outlet of the second water outlet pipe is connected to a booster pump. The outlet of the booster pump is connected to a third water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the third water inlet pipe is connected to the water spraying main pipe of the spray system through a first water inlet pipe.

[0012] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, it further includes a drainage system. The drainage system includes a fire pool located on the ground. The fire pool is connected to the outlet of the first water outlet pipe through a third water outlet pipe, and a second stop valve is installed on the third water outlet pipe.

[0013] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, it further includes a water replenishing system. The water replenishing system includes a warm water tank and a cold water tank located on the ground. Another path of the outlet of the third water inlet pipe is sequentially connected to a third stop valve and a water replenishing pump through a second water inlet pipe. The other end of the water replenishing pump is connected to a second check valve; the other end of the second check valve is respectively connected to the warm water tank and the cold water tank, and a fourth stop valve and a fifth stop valve are respectively installed in the middle.

[0014] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the total designed mass of water in the artificial chamber and the mass flow rate of the booster pump are determined as shown in the following formula: (1), (2), In the above formula, is the total heat exchange quantity during the energy release process, with the unit of MJ; is the designed temperature change value in the chamber during the energy release process, with the unit of °C; is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of water, with the unit ; is the total designed mass of water in the chamber, with the unit of t; is the energy release time, with the unit of h; is the mass flow rate of the booster pump, with the unit of t / h;

[0015] The total actual required mass of water in the chamber , is adjusted according to the actual temperature change value in the chamber during the energy release process, specifically as shown in the following formula: (3), In the above formula, is the actual temperature change value in the chamber during the energy release process, with the unit of °C; is the total actual required mass of water in the chamber, with the unit of t. As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the artificial chamber is a cylindrical structure and is horizontally arranged; a vertical shaft is provided on one side of the artificial chamber and a sealing door is provided between them; the gas transmission pipe is arranged in the vertical shaft, and a disc-shaped flat demister is arranged between the gas transmission pipe and the artificial chamber. The flat demister includes a plurality of serrated plates arranged at intervals and a fixing plate for fixing each plate, and a zigzag channel for gas to pass through is formed between adjacent plates.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention provides an operation method of an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control, including:

[0017] During energy storage, air is compressed to a certain pressure and enters the artificial chamber through the gas pipeline. At the same time, the first stop valve is opened and the booster pump is started. After the water stored at the bottom of the artificial chamber is collected through the water collection system, it enters the spray system after being filtered and pressurized by the circulating water supply system. After being atomized by the spray system, it is sprayed into the artificial chamber to absorb the heat in the air and slow down the rate of temperature rise.

[0018] During energy release, air flows out of the artificial chamber through the gas pipeline. At the same time, the first stop valve is opened and the booster pump is started. The heated water is collected through the water collection system, enters the spray system after being filtered and pressurized by the circulating water supply system, and is sprayed into the artificial chamber after being atomized by the spray system to heat the air in the chamber to a certain extent, thereby slowing down the rate of temperature drop.

[0019] During the entire energy storage and release process, the temperature change range of the air in the artificial chamber is maintained at 20~40°C, and the second stop valve and the third stop valve are both in the closed state.

[0020] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, it also includes the following operation modes for special situations:

[0021] Situation 1: When it is left unused for a long time after energy storage, at the beginning of energy release, the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve are opened, and at the same time the makeup water pump is started. The warm water in the warm water tank is pressurized by the makeup water pump and supplemented into the spray system. After being atomized, it enters the artificial chamber. At this time, the first stop valve, the second stop valve and the fifth stop valve are in the closed state; after energy release, the makeup water pump, the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve are closed, and the second stop valve is opened. Under the action of the pressure difference, the water in the artificial chamber is collected through the water collection system and flows into the fire pool on the ground through the third water outlet pipe. After the liquid level reaches the standard, the second stop valve is closed, and finally the liquid level of the water at the bottom of the artificial chamber returns to the height at the beginning of energy release.

[0022] Situation 2: When the artificial chamber needs to be repaired, the second stop valve is opened. Under the action of the pressure difference, the water in the artificial chamber is collected through the water collection system and flows into the fire pool on the ground through the third water outlet pipe. After the liquid level reaches the standard, the second stop valve is closed; during this process, the first stop valve and the third stop valve are both in the closed state.

[0023] Case 3: When the water volume in the artificial chamber does not meet the requirements, make up water: Open the third cut-off valve and the fifth cut-off valve, and at the same time start the make-up water pump. The cold water in the cold water tank enters the spray system through the second water inlet pipe and the first water inlet pipe, is atomized and then enters the artificial chamber. After the liquid level reaches the standard, close the third cut-off valve and the fifth cut-off valve. At this time, the first cut-off valve, the second cut-off valve and the fourth cut-off valve are all in the closed state; Reduce the water volume: Open the second cut-off valve. The water in the artificial chamber is collected by the water collection system and flows into the fire pool through the third water outlet pipe. After the liquid level reaches the standard, close the second cut-off valve. During this process, the first cut-off valve and the third cut-off valve are both in the closed state.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The system of the present invention can effectively control the temperature of the chamber and ensure the safe operation. Through the coordinated work of the spray system, the water collection system and the circulating water supply system, during the energy storage and energy release processes, by using the heat absorption and heat release of water, the temperature change range of the air in the artificial chamber is maintained at 20 - 40°C. During energy storage, the atomized water absorbs the heat generated by the compression of the air and slows down the rate of temperature rise; during energy release, the water releases heat to slow down the rate of air temperature drop, avoiding damage to the sealing layer and the lining structure material in the chamber caused by too high or too low temperature, extending its service life, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the gas storage cavern.

[0026] (2) The present invention has formulated corresponding operation modes for special situations such as long-term shelving after energy storage, maintenance of the artificial chamber, and insufficient water volume. When shelved for a long time after energy storage, warm water is supplemented during the energy release process to prevent the groundwater from freezing and damaging the sealing layer and the lining material due to too low air temperature in the chamber during energy release; when the artificial chamber is under maintenance, the water can be drained into the fire pool; when the water volume is insufficient, cold water is supplemented, and when the water volume is too much, drainage is carried out to ensure that the system can adapt to various working conditions and further ensure the safe operation.

[0027] (3) The present invention can reduce the construction cost of the gas storage chamber. The present invention reduces the average temperature of the air in the chamber. According to the ideal gas state equation, at a certain pressure, the decrease in temperature will increase the air density. The volume of the chamber required to store the same mass of air is reduced. Compared with the situation in the prior art where a larger volume chamber is required due to the high average temperature and low density of the air in the chamber, the construction cost of the gas storage chamber is greatly reduced, and the space utilization efficiency is improved.

[0028] (4) The system of the present invention is simple and has low operation and maintenance costs. The equipment required for the system, such as atomizing nozzles, water collection tanks, water pumps, pipes, etc., are all common equipment, and the materials mostly use conventional materials such as stainless steel. The market supply is sufficient and easy to obtain, reducing the difficulty and cost of equipment procurement and material preparation. The operation method of the system is clear, and the functions and operation processes of each equipment are simple and easy to understand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic layout diagram of the artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic layout structure diagram of the artificial chamber and the vertical shaft of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a sectional view of the artificial chamber of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic structure diagram of the spray system of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic structure diagram of the water collection system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic structure diagram of the flat demister of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 is Figure 6 Schematic sectional structure diagram in the A-A direction of.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the system measurement points of the artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1. Artificial chamber; 2. Spray system; 21. Atomizing nozzle; 22. Water supply main pipe; 3. Water collection system; 31. Water collection tank; 32. Water collection main pipe; 4. Circulating water supply system; 41. First check valve; 42. First water outlet pipe; 43. Second water outlet pipe; 44. Filter; 45. First stop valve; 46. Booster water pump; 47. Third water inlet pipe; 48. First water inlet pipe; 5. Drainage system; 51. Fire fighting pool; 52. Third water outlet pipe; 53. Second stop valve; 6. Water replenishment system; 61. Warm water tank; 62. Cold water tank; 63. Second water inlet pipe; 64. Third stop valve; 65. Water replenishment pump; 66. Second check valve; 67. Fourth stop valve; 68. Fifth stop valve; 7. Vertical shaft; 8. Sealing door; 9. Flat demister; 91. Plate; 92. Fixed plate; 10. Gas transmission pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the preferred implementation embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be construed as a limitation on this patent; for better illustration of this embodiment, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, which does not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, the omission of some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings can be understood. The description of the positional relationship in the drawings is only for illustrative purposes and cannot be construed as a limitation on this patent.

[0039] The present invention provides an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control, which includes an underground artificial chamber 1, a spray system 2, a water collection system 3, a circulating water supply system 4, and a water replenishment system 6 and a drainage system 5 located on the ground.

[0040] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the artificial chamber 1 is a cylindrical structure, horizontally placed, with a certain mass of water stored at the bottom for spray water circulation heat exchange. A shaft 7 is provided on one side of the artificial chamber 1 and a sealing door 8 is provided between them. The artificial chamber 1 is air-connected to the outside through an air pipe 10, and the air pipe 10 is arranged in the shaft 7.

[0041] Among them, the designed total mass of water in the artificial chamber and the mass flow rate of the booster pump are determined as shown in the following formula: (1), (2), In the above formula, is the total heat exchange amount during the energy release process, that is, during the energy release process, the heat that the air in the chamber needs to increase to maintain a certain temperature, with the unit of MJ; is the designed value of the temperature change in the chamber during the energy release process, which stipulates the desired temperature adjustment range, with the unit of °C; is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of water, which reflects the temperature change characteristics when water absorbs or releases heat, with the unit ; is the designed total mass of water in the chamber, with the unit of t; is the energy release time, with the unit of h; is the mass flow rate of the booster pump, with the unit of t / h.

[0042] Through Equation 1, based on the heat change during the system's energy release and the desired temperature control requirements, the mass of water required can be accurately calculated to ensure that during the energy release process, the water can absorb or release sufficient heat to maintain the air temperature in the chamber within the set range, guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the system. The booster pump is responsible for transporting the water at the bottom of the artificial chamber to the spray system. Its flow rate directly affects the water circulation speed and temperature regulation effect. Through Equation 2, the appropriate flow rate parameters of the booster pump can be determined according to the designed water mass and energy release time of the system. Ensure that during the energy release process, there is sufficient water circulating at an appropriate speed to effectively regulate the air temperature in the chamber and ensure the normal operation of the system during the energy release stage. (3), In the above formula, is the actual temperature change value in the chamber during the energy release process, with the unit of °C. is the total actual mass of water required in the chamber. It has a certain functional relationship with the actual temperature change of the water in the chamber and can be obtained by fitting through multiple debugging tests, with the unit of t.

[0043] Equation 3 takes into account the actual temperature change value in the chamber during the energy release process and the difference from the designed temperature change value . Through a certain functional relationship, it corrects the designed total mass of water in the chamber to obtain the total actual mass required. In actual operation, due to factors such as environmental changes and equipment performance fluctuations, the actual temperature change in the chamber may be different from the designed value. Equation 3 can flexibly adjust the water mass requirement according to the actual temperature change, enabling the system to adapt to complex and changeable operating conditions. Ensure that during actual operation, the system can still effectively control the chamber temperature through reasonable water circulation, maintain the stable operation of the system, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system operation.

[0044] It can be understood that the above content describes the structure of the artificial chamber, its connection method with the outside world, and the calculation method of key parameters. It is clear that the artificial chamber is arranged horizontally in a cylindrical shape, which is conducive to evenly storing compressed air and water and is convenient for construction and maintenance. The water storage at the bottom is used for circulating heat exchange, providing a material basis for the temperature control system. The setting of the vertical shaft and the sealed door facilitates the layout of the gas pipeline and the entry and exit maintenance of equipment, ensuring the normal operation of the system. And accurately calculating the designed total mass of water and the mass flow rate of the booster pump can ensure that during the energy storage and release processes of the system, the circulating heat exchange of water meets the temperature control requirements, providing data support for the stable operation of the system. These contents together construct the basic framework and key parameter system of the system, laying a solid foundation for the coordinated operation and function realization of subsequent systems.

[0045] In some examples, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the spray system 2 is configured such that during energy storage and energy release, the spray system 2 is used to atomize the water from the circulating water supply system 4 and spray it into the artificial chamber 1 to regulate the temperature.

[0046] Specifically, the spray system 2 includes atomizing nozzles 21 and a water supply header pipe 22. The water supply header pipe 22 is arranged at the top inside the artificial chamber 1 and is connected to the outlet of the circulating water supply system 4. A plurality of atomizing nozzles 21 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water supply header pipe 22 for atomizing the water and spraying it into the artificial chamber 1. The length direction of the water supply header pipe 22 is parallel to the axial direction of the artificial chamber 1. Further, an atomizing nozzle 21 is arranged every 3 - 4 m, and it is necessary to stagger 3 - 4 m from the gas transmission pipe 10 and the flat demister 9 to avoid spraying directly at the flat demister 9. The spraying angle is 110 - 120°, and the spraying radius is 4 - 5 m.

[0047] It can be understood that arranging the water supply header pipe at the top of the artificial chamber enables the water mist sprayed by the atomizing nozzles to diffuse from top to bottom, fully contact the air, maximize the heat exchange area and time between water and air, and improve the heat exchange effect. The interval arrangement of the atomizing nozzles and the design of specific spraying angles and radii ensure the uniform distribution of the water mist in the chamber, effectively cover the entire space, and ensure that the air in each area can be effectively heat exchanged. This precise design and arrangement enable the spray system to efficiently regulate the temperature inside the artificial chamber during energy storage and energy release, maintain it within a suitable range, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0048] In some examples, as Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown, the water collection system 3 is configured such that during energy storage and energy release, the water collection system 3 is used to collect the water inside the artificial chamber 1 and deliver it to the spray system 2 through the circulating water supply system 4.

[0049] Specifically, the water collection system 3 includes a water collection header pipe 32 and water collection troughs 31. The water collection header pipe 32 is arranged at the bottom inside the artificial chamber 1 and is connected to the inlet of the circulating water supply system 4. A plurality of water collection troughs 31 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water collection header pipe 32 for collecting the sprayed water. The length direction of the water collection header pipe 32 is parallel to the axial direction of the artificial chamber 1. Further, a water collection trough 31 is arranged every 3 - 4 m, and a grate is provided on the upper part of the water collection trough 31.

[0050] It is understandable that the water collecting jellyfish pipes are arranged at the bottom of the artificial chamber, which is convenient for collecting the water that falls after spraying, conforms to the gravity flow direction of water, and ensures smooth drainage. The water collecting troughs are arranged at intervals, which can comprehensively collect the water at various positions and prevent waterlogging. A grate is arranged on the upper part of the water collecting trough, which can effectively intercept large objects and prevent them from entering the water pipe to cause blockage, ensuring the normal operation of the circulating water supply system. This design guarantees the continuity of water circulation in the system, enables the water sprayed from the spraying system to be smoothly recovered and reused, and maintains the stable operation of the entire temperature control system.

[0051] To ensure the service life of the system, the atomizing nozzles 21, the water spraying jellyfish pipes 22, the water collecting jellyfish pipes 32, and the water inlet and outlet pipes are all made of stainless steel.

[0052] In some examples, as Figure 1 shown, the inlet of the circulating water supply system 4 is connected to the water collecting system 3, and the outlet is connected to the spraying system 2. The circulating water supply system 4 includes a first water outlet pipe 42 installed with a first check valve 41. The inlet of the first water outlet pipe 42 is connected to the water collecting jellyfish pipe 32 of the water collecting system 3, and the outlet is sequentially connected to a filter 44 and a first stop valve 45 through a second water outlet pipe 43. The outlet of the second water outlet pipe 43 is connected with a booster pump 46. The outlet of the booster pump 46 is connected to a third water inlet pipe 47, and the outlet of the third water inlet pipe 47 is connected to the water spraying jellyfish pipe 22 of the spraying system 2 through a first water inlet pipe 48. The filter 44 is used to filter impurities in the water to prevent blocking the atomizing nozzles 21.

[0053] It is understandable that through the connection of each pipe and valve, the water collected by the water collecting system is transported to the spraying system to realize the recycling of water. The first check valve prevents water from flowing back and guarantees the stability of the system operation. The filter filters impurities in the water to avoid blocking the atomizing nozzles and ensures the normal operation of the spraying system. The booster pump provides power for the water circulation, enabling the water to be smoothly transported from the bottom of the artificial chamber to the spraying system at the top. The design of the entire circulating water supply system ensures the orderly circulation of water in the system, provides a stable water source supply for the spraying system, and thus realizes the temperature regulation function of the artificial chamber.

[0054] In some examples, as Figure 1 shown, the drainage system 5 includes a fire pool 51 located on the ground. The fire pool 51 is connected to the outlet of the first water outlet pipe 42 through a third water outlet pipe 52, and a second stop valve 53 is installed on the third water outlet pipe 52.

[0055] It is understandable that this design provides a drainage path for the system. When the artificial chamber needs to be overhauled or the water volume is too large, the second stop valve is opened, and the water can flow into the fire pool. This not only facilitates the maintenance of the artificial chamber but also prevents waterlogging in the chamber from affecting the system operation, ensuring the safety and reliability of the system under various working conditions.

[0056] In some examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the water replenishing system 6 includes a warm water tank 61 and a cold water tank 62 located above the ground. Another branch of the outlet of the third water inlet pipe 47 is connected to a third stop valve 64 and a water replenishing pump 65 in sequence through a second water inlet pipe 63. The other end of the water replenishing pump 65 is connected to a second check valve 66; the other end of the second check valve 66 is respectively connected to the warm water tank 61 and the cold water tank 62, and a fourth stop valve 67 and a fifth stop valve 68 are respectively installed in the middle.

[0057] It can be understood that the water replenishing system can replenish warm water or cold water according to the water volume and temperature requirements of the artificial chamber. When it is left idle for a long time after energy storage, replenishing warm water during the energy release process can prevent the temperature of the chamber from being too low; when the water volume is insufficient, cold water is replenished to ensure that the system can maintain normal operation under different conditions, enhancing the adaptability of the system to complex working conditions and ensuring the stable operation of the system.

[0058] Furthermore, the booster pump, the filter 44, the first check valve 41, the first stop valve 45, and the second stop valve 53 are arranged at the bottom of the shaft 7 but outside the artificial chamber 1 and do not bear a large internal pressure; the fire pool 51, the water replenishing pump 65, the warm water tank 61, the cold water tank 62, the second check valve 66, the third stop valve 64, the fourth stop valve 67, and the fifth stop valve 68 are all arranged on the ground.

[0059] In some examples, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a disc-shaped flat demister 9 is provided between the gas transmission pipe 10 and the artificial chamber 1. The flat demister 9 includes a plurality of serrated plates 91 arranged at intervals and a fixing plate 92 for fixing each plate 91. A zigzag channel for gas to pass through is formed between adjacent plates 91. Its working principle is as follows: The air with droplets enters this channel. Due to the deflection of the streamline, a centrifugal force is generated to separate the droplets. The droplets hit the plate 91, and part of them adhere to the wall surface of the plate 91 to form a water film, which slowly flows down, converges into larger droplets and falls, and returns to the chamber, thereby realizing gas-liquid separation. The droplet content at the outlet of the flat demister 9 is ≤75 mg / Nm3, the resistance is ≤100 Pa, and the limit separation diameter is 21 μm. It has the advantages of small pressure loss, simple and reliable structure, and low maintenance cost.

[0060] It can be understood that the flat demister is installed between the gas transmission pipe and the artificial chamber, and can effectively separate the droplets in the gas. During the energy release process, it prevents the droplets from flowing out of the artificial chamber and causing damage to the external rotating equipment, ensuring the safe operation of the system. Its simple structure and excellent performance reduce the system maintenance cost and failure risk.

[0061] In some examples, such as Figure 8As shown in the figure, the measuring elements include a temperature sensor (abbreviated as TE), a pressure sensor (abbreviated as PT), and a differential pressure transmitter (abbreviated as PDT). The temperature sensor is a thermocouple or a thermal resistance. Six temperature sensors are arranged horizontally in sequence along the top of the artificial chamber 1, and two temperature sensors are arranged at the center positions of the two ends respectively. The local temperature and average temperature in the artificial chamber 1 are determined after screening abnormal points based on the data of these measuring points. One temperature sensor is arranged on the first water inlet pipe 48 to monitor the inlet water temperature. One differential pressure transmitter is arranged before and after the booster pump 46, and one pressure sensor is arranged at the water outlet position of the pump to monitor whether the pump is working and the outlet water pressure. One pressure sensor and one temperature sensor are arranged on the second water inlet pipe 63 to monitor the water pressure and water temperature during water replenishment. One differential pressure transmitter is arranged before and after the filter 44 to judge the internal blockage condition of the filter 44. One pressure sensor is arranged on the third water outlet pipe 52 to monitor the water pressure of the third water outlet pipe 52 and judge whether there is drainage to the fire pool 51.

[0062] It can be understood that through these measuring elements, the temperature, pressure and other parameters in the artificial chamber and pipeline can be monitored in real time. For example, by monitoring the temperature of the artificial chamber, the temperature control effect can be understood in time; by monitoring the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the pump and the differential pressure before and after the filter, the working state of the pump and whether the filter is blocked can be judged. It provides data support for the operation management of the system, facilitates timely discovery of problems and taking measures, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0063] In some examples, the present invention provides an operation method for an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control, including:

[0064] During energy storage, air is compressed to a certain pressure and enters the artificial chamber 1 through the gas pipeline 10 and the plate demister 9. Meanwhile, the first stop valve 45 is opened and the booster pump 46 is started. The water stored at the bottom of the artificial chamber 1 enters the water collecting main pipe 32 through the water collecting tank 31, then successively passes through the first water outlet pipe 42, the first check valve 41, the filter 44, the second water outlet pipe 43, and enters the booster pump 46. The water is pressurized in the booster pump 46 and discharged from the outlet of the booster pump 46, enters the third water inlet pipe 47 and the first water inlet pipe 48, and then enters the water spraying main pipe 22. Finally, it is atomized by the atomizing nozzle 21 and sprayed into the artificial chamber 1. Eventually, the sprayed water falls back to the bottom of the artificial chamber 1, mixes with the water stored at the bottom, and enters the next cycle. During the process of spraying water mist by the atomizing nozzle 21 in the chamber, the low-temperature atomized water is in direct contact with the air, absorbs a part of the heat of the air, and slows down the rising speed of the air temperature in the chamber. However, the water temperature also gradually increases. During the entire energy storage process, the temperatures of the air and water in the artificial chamber 1 will gradually increase. The temperature change range of the air in the artificial chamber 1 during the entire energy storage process is maintained at about 20 - 40 °C. In addition, during the above-mentioned energy storage process, the second stop valve 53, the makeup water pump 65, the third stop valve 64, the fourth stop valve 67, and the fifth stop valve 68 are all in the closed state.

[0065] During energy release, air flows out of the artificial chamber 1 through the plate demister 9 and the gas pipeline 10. Meanwhile, the first stop valve 45 is opened and the booster pump 46 is started. The water heated at the bottom of the artificial chamber 1 during energy storage successively enters the water collecting main pipe 32 through the water collecting tank 31, then successively passes through the first water outlet pipe 42, the first check valve 41, and the filter 44 and enters the booster pump 46. The water is pressurized in the booster pump 46 and discharged from the outlet of the booster pump 46, enters the third water inlet pipe 47 and the first water inlet pipe 48, and then enters the water spraying main pipe 22. Finally, it is atomized by the atomizing nozzle 21 and sprayed into the artificial chamber 1. The medium-temperature atomized water is in direct contact with the air, releases a part of the heat to the air, and slows down the decreasing speed of the air temperature in the artificial chamber 1. However, the water temperature also gradually decreases. During the entire energy release process, the temperatures of the air and water in the artificial chamber 1 will gradually decrease. The temperature change range of the air in the artificial chamber 1 during the entire energy release process is maintained at about 20 - 40 °C. In addition, during the above-mentioned energy release process, the second stop valve 53, the makeup water pump 65, the third stop valve 64, the fourth stop valve 67, and the fifth stop valve 68 are all in the closed state.

[0066] It is understandable that the above content details the operation processes of various components of the system during energy storage and release, as well as the heat exchange of water and air. It clearly shows the working mechanism of the system during energy storage and release, enabling operators to intuitively understand the operating principle of the system. Through the water circulation and the operation of the spray system, the temperature of the chamber is effectively regulated, ensuring that the temperature of the chamber remains within a suitable range during energy storage and release, guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the system, and also providing a theoretical basis for the optimization and maintenance of the system.

[0067] Furthermore, it also includes the following operating modes for special situations:

[0068] Situation 1: After the energy storage is completed, the compressed air energy storage system does not need to release energy for power generation temporarily. At this time, the water heated at the bottom of the artificial chamber 1 has been standing for a long time, and the heat in the water will gradually conduct to the rock, resulting in a temperature drop. This will cause the heat of the water at the bottom of the thermal chamber to be insufficient during the next energy release process, resulting in the air temperature in the chamber being lower than 0°C during the energy release process, and then triggering the freezing of groundwater to damage the sealing layer and the lining materials of the artificial chamber 1, etc., which is related to the safe operation. Therefore, at the beginning of the energy release, the third cut-off valve 64 and the fourth cut-off valve 67 need to be opened, and at the same time, the makeup water pump 65 is started. After the warm water in the warm water tank 61 is pressurized by the makeup water pump 65, it enters the spray header 22 through the second water inlet pipe 63 and the first water inlet pipe 48, and finally enters the chamber after being atomized by the atomizing nozzles 21. At this time, the first cut-off valve 45, the second cut-off valve 53, the fifth cut-off valve 68, and the booster pump 46 are in the closed state. After the energy release is completed, the makeup water pump 65, the third cut-off valve 64, and the fourth cut-off valve 67 are closed, and the second cut-off valve 53 is opened. The water in the artificial chamber 1 enters the collecting header 32 through the collecting tank 31 in sequence under the action of the pressure difference, and then flows into the fire pool 51 on the ground through the third water outlet pipe 52 in sequence. After the fire pool 51 reaches a certain liquid level, the second cut-off valve 53 is closed, and finally the water level at the bottom of the artificial chamber 1 returns to the height at the beginning of the energy release.

[0069] Situation 2: The artificial chamber 1 needs to be regularly overhauled, and the water in the artificial chamber 1 needs to be drained during the overhaul process. The operation method is as follows: Open the second cut-off valve 53. The water in the artificial chamber 1 enters the collecting header 32 through the collecting tank 31 in sequence under the action of the pressure difference, and then flows into the fire pool 51 on the ground through the third water outlet pipe 52 in sequence. After the fire pool 51 reaches a certain liquid level, the second cut-off valve 53 is closed. During this process, the makeup water pump 65, the booster pump, the first cut-off valve 45, the third cut-off valve 64, the fourth cut-off valve 67, and the fifth cut-off valve 68 are all in the closed state.

[0070] Case 3: When the system runs for the first time, if the water volume in the artificial chamber 1 does not meet the design requirements. The temperature of the air in the artificial chamber 1 is monitored by corresponding temperature sensors. During the energy storage process, if the temperature is higher than a certain limit temperature (such as 80 °C), the gas supply needs to be stopped. During the energy release process, if the temperature is lower than a certain limit temperature (such as 0 °C), the gas supply also needs to be stopped. Before the start of the next cycle, that is, before the energy storage begins, the water volume at the bottom of the artificial chamber 1 needs to be adjusted to ensure that the temperature change range of the air in the artificial chamber 1 during the energy storage and release processes is maintained between 20 °C and 40 °C. The operation method for supplementing water volume is as follows: Open the third stop valve 64 and the fifth stop valve 68, and start the water replenishing pump 65. After the cold water in the low-temperature water tank 61 is pressurized by the water replenishing pump 65, it enters the spray header pipe 22 through the second water inlet pipe 63 and the first water inlet pipe 48, and finally enters the artificial chamber after being atomized by the atomizing nozzles 21 and falls to the bottom of the artificial chamber 1. At this time, the first stop valve 45, the second stop valve 53, the fourth stop valve 67, and the booster pump 46 are in the closed state. The operation method for reducing the water volume is as follows: Open the second stop valve 53. The water in the artificial chamber 1 flows through the water collecting tank 31 into the water collecting header pipe 32 under the action of the pressure difference, and then flows into the fire pool 51 on the ground through the third water outlet pipe 52 in sequence. When the fire pool 51 reaches a certain level, close the second stop valve 53. During this process, the water replenishing pump 65, the booster pump, the first stop valve 45, the third stop valve 64, the fourth stop valve 67, and the fifth stop valve 68 are all in the closed state.

[0071] It can be understood that the above description of the operation mode for special situations greatly enhances the adaptability and stability of the system. The operation of supplementing warm water during long-term storage after the energy storage is completed avoids the too low temperature of the air in the chamber during energy release caused by too low water temperature, effectively prevents the damage of the sealing layer and lining materials due to the freezing of groundwater, and ensures the safety of the system. The drainage operation during the maintenance of the artificial chamber and the water replenishing and drainage measures when the water volume does not meet the requirements ensure that the system can maintain a normal operation state in different scenarios and extend the service life of the system.

[0072] Based on the description and drawings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system and operation method based on spray water temperature control of the present invention, and can produce the positive effects recorded in the present invention.

[0073] Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, if there are terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe the orientation or positional relationship in the present invention are only for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as a limitation of this patent. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood by combining the drawings and according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] Unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, in the present invention, if there are terms such as "arranged", "connected" and "coupled", they shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0075] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control, characterized in that It includes an artificial chamber (1) located underground, a spray system (2), a water collection system (3), and a circulating water supply system (4). The artificial chamber (1) is in air communication with the outside through an air supply pipe (10). The artificial chamber (1) stores a designed water volume for water spraying and circulating heat exchange. The inlet of the circulating water supply system (4) is connected to the water collection system (3), and the outlet is connected to the spray system (2). The water collection system (3) is configured to collect the water in the artificial chamber (1) and deliver it to the spray system (2) through the circulating water supply system (4) during both energy storage and energy release. The spray system (2) is configured to atomize the water from the circulating water supply system (4) and spray it into the artificial chamber (1) to regulate the temperature during both energy storage and energy release.

2. The compressed air energy storage system for artificial chambers based on spray water temperature control according to claim 1, wherein: The spray system (2) includes atomizing nozzles (21) and a water spraying main pipe (22). The water spraying main pipe (22) is arranged at the top inside the artificial chamber (1) and is connected to the outlet of the circulating water supply system (4). A plurality of the atomizing nozzles (21) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water spraying main pipe (22) for atomizing and spraying water into the artificial chamber (1). The length direction of the water spraying main pipe (22) is parallel to the axial direction of the artificial chamber (1).

3. The compressed air energy storage system for artificial adits based on spray water temperature control according to claim 1, wherein: The water collection system (3) includes a water collection tank (31) and a water collection main pipe (32). The water collection main pipe (32) is arranged at the bottom inside the artificial chamber (1) and is connected to the inlet of the circulating water supply system (4). A plurality of the water collection tanks (31) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water collection main pipe (32) for collecting the sprayed water. The length direction of the water collection main pipe (32) is parallel to the axial direction of the artificial chamber (1).

4. The compressed air energy storage system for artificial adits based on spray water temperature control according to claim 1, wherein: The circulating water supply system (4) includes a first water outlet pipe (42) installed with a first check valve (41). The inlet of the first water outlet pipe (42) is connected to the water collection main pipe (32) of the water collection system (3), and the outlet is sequentially connected to a filter (44) and a first stop valve (45) through a second water outlet pipe (43). The outlet of the second water outlet pipe (43) is connected to a booster pump (46). The outlet of the booster pump (46) is connected to a third water inlet pipe (47), and the outlet of the third water inlet pipe (47) is connected to the water spraying main pipe (22) of the spray system (2) through a first water inlet pipe (48).

5. The artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control according to claim 4, wherein: It further includes a drainage system (5). The drainage system (5) includes a fire pool (51) located on the ground. The fire pool (51) is connected to the outlet of the first water outlet pipe (42) through a third water outlet pipe (52), and a second stop valve (53) is installed on the third water outlet pipe (52).

6. The compressed air energy storage system for artificial chambers based on spray water temperature control according to claim 4, characterized in that: It further includes a water replenishing system (6), and the water replenishing system (6) includes a warm water tank (61) and a cold water tank (62) located on the ground. Another path at the outlet of the third water inlet pipe (47) is sequentially connected to a third stop valve (64) and a water replenishing pump (65) through a second water inlet pipe (63). The other end of the water replenishing pump (65) is connected to a second check valve (66); the other end of the second check valve (66) is respectively connected to the warm water tank (61) and the cold water tank (62), and a fourth stop valve (67) and a fifth stop valve (68) are respectively installed in the middle.

7. The compressed air energy storage system for artificial adits based on spray water temperature control according to claim 4, wherein: The total designed mass of water in the artificial chamber and the mass flow rate of the booster pump are determined as shown in the following formula: （1）， （2）， In the above formula, is the total heat exchange amount during the energy release process, with the unit of MJ; is the designed temperature change in the tunnel during the energy release process, with the unit of °C; is the specific heat capacity of water at constant pressure, with the unit ; is the total designed mass of water in the tunnel, with the unit of t; is the energy release time, with the unit of h; is the mass flow rate of the booster pump, with the unit of t / h; Total actual mass of water required in the chamber , adjusted according to the actual temperature change value in the chamber during the energy release process as shown in the following formula: （3）， In the above formula, is the actual temperature change value in the cavity during the energy release process, with the unit of °C; is the total actual mass of water required in the cavity, with the unit of t.

8. The compressed air energy storage system for artificial chambers based on spray water temperature control according to claim 1, wherein: The artificial chamber (1) has a cylindrical structure and is arranged horizontally; a shaft (7) is provided on one side of the artificial chamber (1), and a sealed door (8) is provided between them; the gas transmission pipe (10) is arranged in the shaft (7), and a disk-shaped flat demister (9) is provided between the gas transmission pipe (10) and the artificial chamber (1). The flat demister (9) includes a plurality of plate pieces (91) with a serrated cross-section arranged at intervals and a fixing plate (92) for fixing each of the plate pieces (91). A zigzag channel for gas to pass through is formed between adjacent plate pieces (91).

9. An operating method for an artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes: During energy storage, air is compressed to a certain pressure and enters the artificial chamber (1) through the gas transmission pipe (10). At the same time, the first stop valve (45) is opened, and the booster water pump (46) is started. After the water stored at the bottom of the artificial chamber (1) is collected by the water collection system (3), it enters the spray system (2) after being filtered and pressurized by the circulating water supply system (4), and is sprayed into the artificial chamber (1) after being atomized by the spray system (2) to absorb the heat in the air and slow down the temperature rising speed. During energy release, air flows out of the artificial chamber (1) through the gas transmission pipe (10). At the same time, the first stop valve (45) is opened, and the booster water pump (46) is started. The heated water is collected by the water collection system (3), enters the spray system (2) after being filtered and pressurized by the circulating water supply system (4), and is sprayed into the artificial chamber (1) after being atomized by the spray system (2) to heat the air in the chamber to a certain extent, thereby slowing down the temperature dropping speed. During the whole energy storage and release process, the temperature change range of the air in the artificial chamber (1) is maintained at 20 - 40 °C, and the second stop valve (53) and the third stop valve (64) are both in a closed state.

10. The operating method of the artificial chamber compressed air energy storage system based on spray water temperature control according to claim 9, characterized in that, It further includes the following operation modes for special situations: Situation 1: When it is left unused for a long time after the energy storage ends, at the start of energy release, open the third shut-off valve (64) and the fourth shut-off valve (67), and at the same time start the makeup water pump (65). Pressurize the warm water in the warm water tank (61) by the makeup water pump (65) and supplement it into the spray system (2). After atomization, it enters the artificial chamber (1). At this time, the first shut-off valve (45), the second shut-off valve (53), and the fifth shut-off valve (68) are in the closed state. After the energy release ends, close the makeup water pump (65), the third shut-off valve (64), and the fourth shut-off valve (67), and open the second shut-off valve (53). The water in the artificial chamber (1) is collected by the water collection system (3) under the action of the pressure difference and flows into the fire pool (51) on the ground through the third outlet pipe (52). After the liquid level reaches the standard, close the second shut-off valve (53). Finally, the liquid level of the water at the bottom of the artificial chamber (1) returns to the height at the start of energy release. Situation 2: When the artificial chamber (1) needs to be repaired, open the second shut-off valve (53). The water in the artificial chamber (1) is collected by the water collection system (3) under the action of the pressure difference and flows into the fire pool (51) on the ground through the third outlet pipe (52). After the liquid level reaches the standard, close the second shut-off valve (53). During this process, both the first shut-off valve (45) and the third shut-off valve (64) are in the closed state. Situation 3: When the water volume in the artificial chamber (1) does not meet the requirements, for water supplement: open the third shut-off valve (64) and the fifth shut-off valve (68), and at the same time start the makeup water pump (65). The cold water in the cold water tank (62) enters the spray system (2) through the second inlet pipe (63) and the first inlet pipe (48). After atomization, it enters the artificial chamber (1). After the liquid level reaches the standard, close the third shut-off valve (64) and the fifth shut-off valve (68). At this time, the first shut-off valve (45), the second shut-off valve (53), and the fourth shut-off valve (67) are all in the closed state. For water reduction: open the second shut-off valve (53). The water in the artificial chamber (1) is collected by the water collection system (3) and flows into the fire pool (51) through the third outlet pipe (52). After the liquid level reaches the standard, close the second shut-off valve (53). During this process, both the first shut-off valve (45) and the third shut-off valve (64) are in the closed state.

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