Novel power system of hydrogen fuel cell-rotary detonation combined combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention provides a novel power system of a hydrogen fuel cell-rotary detonation combined combustion chamber, and belongs to the field of novel power of clean energy. The system comprises a hydrogen fuel battery pack, a rotary detonation combustion chamber, a gas compressor, a turbine, a generator and an inverter. Exhaust outlets of the anode and the cathode of the hydrogen fuel battery pack are connected with an air inlet isolation section of the rotary detonation combustion chamber, and meanwhile a hydrogen supplementing hole and an air supplementing hole are formed in the air inlet isolation section. The rotary detonation combustion chamber fully utilizes tail gas of the hydrogen fuel battery pack, and meanwhile efficient operation of the whole gas turbine system is maintained. According to the novel power system, hydrogen serves as fuel, the advantage of high energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is utilized, the defects of low power density and incomplete fuel utilization of the hydrogen fuel cell are overcome through the characteristic of high thermal efficiency of the rotary detonation combustion chamber, and mutual coupling of high economical efficiency and high power is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new power sources for clean energy, and specifically to a new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] Gas turbines have been widely used in industrial production due to their advantages of compact structure, rapid startup, and reliable operation. Hydrogen fuel cells have high energy conversion efficiency and no pollutant emissions, showing significant advantages in energy utilization. The existing combined system of hydrogen fuel cells and gas turbines is limited by problems such as fuel adaptability and power matching, and cannot meet the development of gas turbines.

[0003] Rotating detonation is a typical form of detonation combustion, with advantages such as high thermal efficiency, fast heat release rate, simple and compact structure, and wide operating range. Replacing the conventional constant - pressure combustion chamber with a continuous rotating detonation combustion chamber can transform the constant - pressure cycle into a detonation cycle, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the combustion chamber. Compared with hydrocarbon fuels, hydrogen has the advantages of high calorific value, fast combustion speed, easy initiation, and no pollutant emissions after combustion, and can be used as an ideal fuel for rotating detonation combustion.

[0004] Therefore, a combined combustion chamber composed of a hydrogen fuel cell and a rotating detonation combustion chamber, replacing the traditional constant - pressure combustion chamber of a gas turbine, and forming a new power system can effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency and thermal efficiency of the existing gas turbine, solve the problem of insufficient output power of the hydrogen fuel cell. At the same time, using hydrogen as fuel not only helps to achieve the national "dual - carbon" goal, but also can further improve the combustion efficiency and output power of the hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, showing broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, which combines a hydrogen fuel cell and a rotating detonation combustion chamber, uses hydrogen as fuel, improves the overall energy conversion efficiency and thermal efficiency of the gas turbine, and achieves the effect of no pollutant emissions.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, which comprises a compressor 1, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, an intake isolation section 3, a ribbed structure 4, a hydrogen replenishing hole 5, an air replenishing hole 6, a detonator 7, a combustion section 8, a turbine 9, a generator 10 and an inverter 11, is characterized in that: the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, the intake isolation section 3, the ribbed structure 4, the hydrogen replenishing hole 5, the air replenishing hole 6, the detonator 7 and the combustion section 8 jointly form a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, and the exhaust pipeline of the combined combustion chamber is connected to the turbine 9; the turbine 9 is connected to the compressor 1 to drive its operation and is connected to the generator 10 to generate electricity.

[0008] The new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combustion chamber is characterized in that: the anode and cathode exhaust outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 are connected to the intake isolation section 3 of the rotating detonation combustion chamber.

[0009] The new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber is characterized in that: the intake isolation section 3 is a structure with a gradually decreasing cross - sectional area and a constant blockage ratio. While keeping the blockage ratio unchanged, the cross - sectional area of the flow channel is gradually reduced to compress and accelerate the airflow and reduce disturbance; alternately arranged ribbed structures 4 are provided on the inner and outer wall surfaces of the intake isolation section 3, which form an angle of 30 - 45° with the wall surface of the intake isolation section 3, and their function is to mitigate the influence of the detonation wave back pressure on the intake during the operation of the rotating detonation combustion chamber.

[0010] The new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber is characterized in that: the intake isolation section 3 is provided with a hydrogen replenishing hole 5 and an air replenishing hole 6 to supplement hydrogen and air into the rotating detonation combustion chamber when the power system operates at high power.

[0011] The new power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber is characterized in that: the new power system has a high - economy mode and a high - power mode. In the high - economy mode, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 outputs the main power through the inverter 11, and the rotating detonation combustion chamber drives the turbine 9 to operate by using the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 2 and a small amount of supplementary hydrogen, and drives the generator 10 to output auxiliary power to meet the long - term high - economy demand of the power system; in the high - power mode, a large amount of hydrogen and air are replenished through the hydrogen replenishing hole 5 and the air replenishing hole 6 of the rotating detonation combustion chamber. While keeping the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 2 unchanged, the generator 10 is driven by the turbine 9 to output the main power to meet the short - term high - power demand of the power system.

[0012] Beneficial effects

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A combined combustion chamber composed of a hydrogen fuel cell and a rotating detonation combustion chamber is used to replace the original combustion chamber of a gas turbine, forming a new type of power system. Using hydrogen as fuel, it effectively improves the energy conversion efficiency and thermal efficiency of the gas turbine, and at the same time achieves the effect of no pollutant emissions. This new type of power system can operate in two modes: high economy and high power, meeting different power requirements and realizing the full utilization of energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the new type of power system of the hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the intake isolation section 3;

[0017] Figure 3 is a flowchart of the operation of the system in the high - economy mode;

[0018] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the system in the high - power mode.

[0019] Wherein: 1. Compressor; 2. Hydrogen fuel cell stack; 3. Intake isolation section; 4. Ribbed structure; 5. Hydrogen replenishment hole; 6. Air replenishment hole; 7. Initiator; 8. Combustion section; 9. Turbine; 10. Generator; 11. Inverter DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] In order to illustrate the technical solution and technical purpose of the present invention, the present invention will be further introduced below with reference to the drawings.

[0021] Referring to Figure 1 , the present invention proposes a new type of power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, which is composed of a compressor 1, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, an intake isolation section 3, a ribbed structure 4, a hydrogen replenishment hole 5, an air replenishment hole 6, an initiator 7, a combustion section 8, a turbine 9, a generator 10 and an inverter 11. The hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, the intake isolation section 3, the ribbed structure 4, the hydrogen replenishment hole 5, the air replenishment hole 6, the initiator 7 and the combustion section 8 together form a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber. The exhaust pipeline of this combined combustion chamber is connected to the turbine 9; the turbine 9 is connected to the compressor 1 to drive its operation and is connected to the generator 10 for power generation. The hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 and the generator 10 are respectively connected to the inverter 11 to output electric energy externally.

[0022] Referring to Figure 2, the intake isolation section 3 of the rotating detonation combustor has a constant-blockage-ratio converging structure. By keeping the blockage ratio of the intake duct unchanged and gradually reducing the flow channel cross-sectional area, the airflow is compressed and accelerated while reducing disturbances, thus introducing the mixture into the combustion section. On the inner and outer wall surfaces of the intake isolation section 3, there are alternately ribbed structures 4, which form an angle of 30 - 45° with the wall surface of the intake isolation section 3, and are used to mitigate the impact of the detonation wave backpressure on the intake during the operation of the rotating detonation combustor. On the inner and outer wall surfaces of the intake isolation section 3, there are respectively air replenishing holes 6 and hydrogen replenishing holes 5, which are used to supply air and hydrogen to the rotating detonation combustor to meet the power requirements under different working modes of the system.

[0023] As Figure 3 shown is the working process of the high-economy mode of this new power system.

[0024] In the high-economy mode, air is compressed by the compressor 1 and then introduced into the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, and hydrogen is introduced into the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2. After the reaction, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 outputs the main power through the inverter 11; in addition, a small amount of hydrogen is replenished into the rotating detonation combustor through the hydrogen replenishing holes, and the combustion exhaust gas drives the turbine 9 to work and drives the generator 10 to output auxiliary power to meet the long-term high-economy requirements of this power system.

[0025] As Figure 4 shown is the working process of the high-power mode of this new power system.

[0026] In the high-power mode, while ensuring that the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 remains unchanged, a large amount of hydrogen and air are replenished into the rotating detonation combustor through the hydrogen replenishing holes 5 and the air replenishing holes 6, so that the rotating detonation combustor drives the generator 10 to output the main power through the turbine 9, meeting the short-term high-power requirements of this power system.

[0027] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, comprising a compressor 1, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, an intake isolation section 3, a ribbed structure 4, a hydrogen replenishment hole 5, an air replenishment hole 6, a detonator 7, a combustion section 8, a turbine 9, a generator 10 and an inverter 11, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell stack 2, intake isolation section 3, ribbed structure 4, hydrogen replenishment hole 5, air replenishment hole 6, initiator 7, and combustion section 8 together form a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber, and the exhaust pipeline of this combined combustion chamber is connected to the turbine 9; the turbine 9 is connected to the compressor 1 to drive its operation and is connected to the generator 10 for power generation.

2. The novel power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode and cathode exhaust outlets of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 are connected to the intake isolation section 3 of the rotating detonation combustion chamber.

3. A novel power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotary detonation combined combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intake isolation section 3 is a variable cross-section structure with a constant blockage ratio. While keeping the blockage ratio unchanged, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is gradually reduced to compress and accelerate the airflow and reduce disturbances; alternately arranged ribbed structures 4 are provided on the inner and outer wall surfaces of the intake isolation section 3, which form an angle of 30 - 45° with the wall surface of the intake isolation section 3, and their function is to mitigate the impact of the detonation wave backpressure on the intake during the operation of the rotating detonation combustion chamber.

4. A novel power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intake isolation section 3 is provided with a hydrogen replenishment hole 5 and an air replenishment hole 6 to replenish hydrogen and air into the rotating detonation combustion chamber during the high-power operation of this power system.

5. A novel power system of a hydrogen fuel cell - rotating detonation combined combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: This new power system has a high-economy mode and a high-power mode. In the high-economy mode, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 outputs the main power through the inverter 11, and the rotating detonation combustion chamber drives the turbine 9 to operate by using the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell 2 and a small amount of supplementary hydrogen, and drives the generator 10 to output auxiliary power to meet the long-term high-economy requirements of this power system; in the high-power mode, a large amount of hydrogen and air are replenished through the hydrogen replenishment hole 5 and the air replenishment hole 6 of the rotating detonation combustion chamber. While ensuring that the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 2 remains unchanged, the generator 10 is driven by the turbine 9 to output the main power to meet the short-term high-power requirements of this power system.

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