Tin-containing perovskite solar cell with optimized polyphenol derivative doping strategy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a tin-containing perovskite solar cell with an optimized polyphenol derivative doping strategy and a preparation method of the tin-containing perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells. The device structure of the perovskite solar cell sequentially comprises a transparent conductive oxide substrate, a hole transport layer, a tin-containing perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode from bottom to top. According to the invention, a polyphenol derivative additive is doped with a tin-containing perovskite precursor solution, and the effects of oxidation resistance, crystallization regulation and control and defect passivation are realized at the same time. By using the polyphenol derivative additive, oxidative damage can be effectively avoided, and the stability of the solution and the film is improved. The prepared thin film has reduced defect density and reduced surface roughness, and the quality of the thin film is improved. Besides, the surface of the prepared tin-containing perovskite layer is more partial to n-type, the optimization of the energy band structure effectively reduces the carrier transport barrier at the interface, inhibits the carrier non-radiative recombination at the interface, and significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the device.

Claims

1. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell with an optimized doping strategy of polyphenol derivatives, characterized in that: The device structure of the perovskite solar cell is, from bottom to top, a transparent conductive oxide substrate, a hole transport layer, a tin-containing perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode. A polyphenol derivative additive is added to the tin-containing perovskite active layer.

2. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular characteristics of the natural phenolic derivatives are as follows: having a carbon chain structure of C 6- C x , where C6 is a benzene ring and C x is a benzene ring substituent containing carbon, and at least two hydroxyl groups are connected to the benzene ring. Among them, when the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups is 2, the hydroxyl groups are in the ortho or para positions of the benzene ring. The phenolic derivatives include, but are not limited to, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzamide, 2,5-dihydroxybenzamide, 3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile, 2,5-dihydroxybenzonitrile, caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde oxime and other compounds and their derivatives; when the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups is 3, at least two hydroxyl groups are in the ortho positions of the benzene ring. The phenolic derivatives include, but are not limited to, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and other compounds and their derivatives. In addition, when the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups ≥ 4, the phenolic derivatives are often complex polymers or flavonoid skeletons, including, but not limited to, tannic acid, catechin, tea polyphenols, etc.

3. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a doping strategy of polyphenol derivatives, characterized in that: The perovskite active layer is all organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite or all-inorganic perovskite material containing metal tin cations, with the structural formula ABX3. The bandgap range of the tin-containing perovskite absorption layer can be, but is not limited to, 1.2 - 1.8 electron volts.

4. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell with optimized polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent of the perovskite active layer can be, but is not limited to, one or several of various organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), γ-valerolactone (GVL), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N,N-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU), acetonitrile, 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), etc., or ionic liquids such as methylammonium formate, methylammonium acetate, methylammonium propionate, methylammonium butyrate, dimethylammonium acetate. Taking dissolution in DMF and DMSO as an example, the volume ratio range of DMF and DMSO solvents can be, but is not limited to, 1:19 - 19:1, and the preferred range is 19:1 - 1:

1.

5. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate of the tin-containing perovskite solar cell can be, but is not limited to, at least one of flexible or rigid substrates such as glass coated with a transparent conductive oxide film, silicon wafers, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. The transparent conductive oxide film can be, but is not limited to, at least one of oxide thin films such as indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), indium cerium oxide (ICO), etc.

6. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hole transport material of the tin-containing perovskite solar cell can be, but is not limited to, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (such as PEDOT:PSS), nickel oxide (NiO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), tungsten oxide (WO x ), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), copper thiocyanate, cuprous iodide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, polyvinylcarbazole, 4-butyl-N,N-diphenylaniline homopolymer (Poly-TPD), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), 9-carbazoleacetic acid, 3-carbazolepropionic acid, 4-(9-carbazolyl)phenylboronic acid, and at least one of the following materials.

7. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell with optimized polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron transport material of the tin-containing perovskite solar cell can be, but is not limited to, fullerenes and their derivatives, such as C 60 , PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), ICBA (indole-C60 bisadduct), etc., or non-fullerene materials, such as at least one of n-type conjugated polymer materials, n-type organic small molecules, and n-type metal oxides.

8. A tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal electrode can be, but is not limited to, at least one of various metal electrodes such as Au, Ag, Cu, Bi, etc.

9. The preparation method of a tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy according to claim 1, wherein, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Coat a solution prepared with a hole transport material on the transparent conductive oxide substrate, and obtain a hole transport layer after annealing treatment. Step 2: Coat the perovskite precursor solution on the hole transport layer obtained in Step 1, and anneal to obtain a tin-containing perovskite thin film after solvent extraction processes such as the anti-solvent method or the negative pressure evaporation method. Step 3: Coat or evaporate an electron transport layer on the surface of the perovskite thin film described in Step 2. Step 4: Evaporate a metal electrode on the electron transport layer to obtain a tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy. Preferably, the deposition methods of the hole transport layer, the perovskite active layer, the electron transport layer, and the metal electrode are each independently selected from at least one of various solution methods, gas phase methods, and large-scale thin film deposition methods such as spin coating, blade coating, vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, atomic layer deposition, and chemical bath deposition.

10. The application of a tin-containing perovskite solar cell optimized by a polyphenol derivative doping strategy and its preparation method according to Claim 1 in the optoelectronic field.

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