Charging device for charging a battery of a vehicle and method for operating a charging device

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging device for charging a battery of a vehicle, having an input circuit (200) for supplying a DC voltage to a bipolar intermediate connection (300) and having a bidirectional DC voltage converter (450), the invention relates to a DC-DC converter (450) which is designed to supply a charging voltage to a high-voltage network (400) that can be connected to the output side of the DC-DC converter (450), a circuit arrangement (402) for generating an internal supply voltage for a control device (452) of a charging device (500) being connected to the output side of the DC-DC converter (450). In order to supply power to the control device (452) from a connectable high-voltage network (400).

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a charging device for charging a battery of a vehicle and a method for operating the charging device. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a powertrain having the charging device, a vehicle having the powertrain, a computer program, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Charging devices for vehicles and methods for operating charging devices are used, for example, in vehicles with electric drives, in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, to recharge a battery, preferably a storage battery or a traction battery, from an electrical energy source, an external alternating current power source, or a public alternating current grid. Here, the charging device converts the sinusoidal alternating current of the external energy source into direct current.

[0003] The charging device preferably has a two-stage power electronics. The first stage, the so-called power factor correction stage (PFC stage), converts the sinusoidal input voltage from the alternating current grid into a direct current voltage. The second stage consists of a direct current voltage converter or a DC / DC converter, which ensures electrical isolation through a transformer and adjusts the voltage level. Preferably, an output voltage or an output current for charging the battery is set for the regulating mechanism by means of a circuit. An intermediate capacitor is arranged between the two stages, which buffers the power pulsations at twice the frequency of the alternating current of the energy source. This intermediate circuit can be realized by means of at least one electrolytic capacitor. This topology allows for maintaining an almost sinusoidal input current on the grid side to meet grid-side standards, for electrical isolation between the grid and the vehicle to meet safety requirements, and for providing a constant output direct current on the battery side to minimize the load on the battery during charging operation.

[0004] In a vehicle with an electric drive, the battery is also connected to an inverter to supply energy to the electric drive motor. A direct current voltage converter is mostly connected in parallel with the inverter to supply power to the low-voltage grid or on-vehicle grid of the vehicle, thereby supplying energy to the control device. In particular, in order to avoid electromagnetic interference, loads in the high-voltage network, such as inverters, DC / DC converters, or direct current voltage converters, include capacitors between the high-voltage connectors, which filter the rapid high-voltage changes that occur during operation.

[0005] Before an accident or before performing maintenance on a vehicle, the charge in the capacitors in the high-voltage network or high-voltage power grid of the vehicle must be reliably discharged in order to reliably prevent personal injury when touching or coming into contact with the conductors or components of the high-voltage power grid. As is known from the published document EP 2516197B1, corresponding discharge circuits are mostly arranged dispersedly in the individual components of the high-voltage network, for example in an inverter. The discharge circuit includes additional components for this purpose, and these components unfavorably increase the required structural space and weight. Therefore, there is a need for a solution that at least partially centralizes such a discharge circuit, partially or completely replaces such a discharge circuit, or accelerates the discharge of the high-voltage network. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a charging device for charging a battery of a vehicle. The charging device includes, on the input side, an input connection unit for connecting a single-phase AC voltage or a polyphase AC voltage having n phases (where n is greater than or equal to 1), and an input circuit connected to the input connection unit for supplying a DC voltage to at least a bipolar intermediate connection. Such an input circuit includes a rectifier circuit for converting the AC voltage on the input side into a DC voltage on the output side. Preferably, the input circuit also includes a PFC stage here. A preferred topology for such an input circuit is a 3LTNPC, Vienna Rectifier, or (totem-Pole) PFC circuit. At least one intermediate capacitor is coupled between the positive intermediate connection and the negative intermediate connection. A bidirectional DC voltage converter is connected to the intermediate connection on the input side. The bidirectional DC voltage converter is configured to convert the DC voltage applied to the intermediate connection into a charging voltage and supply it to a high-voltage network connectable to the output side of the DC voltage converter, preferably to a connectable battery, during charging operation. The high-voltage network or a load connected to the high-voltage network includes at least one high-voltage capacitor coupled between the potentials of the connectable high-voltage network. In addition, the charging device includes a control device configured to control the bidirectional DC voltage converter. Preferably, the control of the adjustment mechanism of the bidirectional DC voltage converter here includes the control of the power switches of the DC voltage converter and / or the implementation of the diagnosis of the DC voltage converter and the diagnostic method. Circuit means for generating an internal supply voltage for the control device are connected or coupled to the output side of the DC voltage converter. Preferably, the internal supply voltage is the operating voltage for the control device. The internal supply voltage preferably corresponds to the vehicle on-board network voltage of the vehicle and is, for example, 5, 12, 24, or 48 volts. Preferably, redundancy for the external supply voltage is provided by means of the internal supply voltage. Preferably, the electrical parameters of the internal supply voltage thus correspond to the possible external supply voltage. The circuit means are configured to supply power to the control device from the connectable high-voltage network. Preferably, the circuit means are configured to supply power to the control device from the connectable high-voltage network during discharge operation. Accordingly, the energy from the high-voltage network is used to charge the capacitance in the high-voltage network in order to generate the internal supply voltage by means of the circuit means for the control device.

[0007] Preferably, the charging device includes a terminal connection for connecting an external supply voltage for supplying power to the control device in the charging device. Preferably, the external supply voltage is the operating voltage for the control device. The external supply voltage preferably corresponds to the vehicle on-board network voltage of the vehicle and is, for example, 5, 12, 24, or 48 volts.

[0008] There is thus provided a charging device, which includes a circuit device that generates an internal supply voltage for a control device of the charging device from the charge applied to a DC voltage converter on the output side. Thus, the circuit device is configured to supply power to the control device from a connectable high-voltage network. Here, the charge applied to the DC voltage converter on the output side is at least partially reduced or preferably the capacitor storing the charge is discharged from the connectable high-voltage network. Preferably, the applied charge is stored in at least one capacitor, in a high-voltage capacitor of the connectable high-voltage network, or in at least one capacitor of a component of the connectable high-voltage network. In the discharge operation, power is preferably supplied to the control device by means of the circuit device in order to discharge the charge applied to the DC voltage converter on the output side. The power supply for the control device is carried out from the charge applied to the DC voltage converter on the output side. Preferably, this is carried out depending on a signal or a fault signal that requires discharging of a component guiding the high voltage of the charging device or the high-voltage network. Preferably, this signal is detected inside the charging device or by an external control device of the vehicle and is received by the charging device, preferably the control device. Preferably, this signal is detected, generated and transmitted depending on a functional fault, a fault in the area of the external supply voltage, a short circuit, an insulation fault, a diagnosis, the implementation of maintenance, the shutdown or parking of the vehicle, or the detection that a plug, preferably a signal plug, is not plugged into the charging device. In the discharge operation, the control device controls the DC voltage converter such that the charge applied on the output side is transported in the direction of the intermediate connection and thereby charges the intermediate capacitor. In order to ensure functionality even in the event of a fault in the area of the external supply voltage, preferably at the terminal connection, in the discharge operation, the control device of the charging device is supplied with power from the charge applied to the output side of the DC voltage converter by means of the internal supply voltage.

[0009] Advantageously, there is provided a charging device that allows reliable discharging of a capacitor or capacitors of a high-voltage network connected to the charging device. For this purpose, in the discharge operation, the charge applied on the output side is transmitted to the input side by means of the reverse operation of a bidirectional DC voltage converter of the charging device and thereby the intermediate capacitor is charged. In addition, the reliability of the charging device is preferably increased for the discharge operation by providing the internal supply voltage.

[0010] The external energy source is preferably a single-phase or polyphase, preferably three-phase, alternating voltage network of a preferably common low-voltage power grid, which is preferably used for powering households, industries, and / or infrastructure. Preferably, in the North American region or the Japanese region, this is a single-phase alternating voltage network with 120 or 240 volts. Preferably, in the Chinese or European regions, this is a three-phase alternating voltage network with approximately 230 volts. For the charging operation of the charging device, the charging device is preferably connected to the corresponding alternating voltage network or connected to the corresponding alternating voltage through an n-phase input connection unit. The n-phase input connection unit preferably includes a neutral conductor connector for connecting the neutral conductor of the alternating voltage network to be connected. The battery to be charged is preferably a storage battery or a traction battery, and its energy is used to operate the electric powertrain of the transportation vehicle. The rectifier circuit is preferably a rectifier for converting alternating current into direct current. The high-side switch or low-side switch of the semiconductor bridge is preferably a power semiconductor switch, which preferably includes an internal or external diode, and preferably it is an IGBT or MOSFET based on Si, SiC, or GaN technology. For example, the expression "connection of the center tap to the connecting wire" preferably means connecting, contacting, or joining components by means of a conductive wire or an electrical connection. The expression "blocking, preventing, decoupling, or prohibiting the flow of current" means the separation of a conductive wire or a connection. The expression "coupling" is preferably used in the same sense as an electrical connection, where "couplable connection" means that the electrical connection can be established or separated preferably by means of a switch or a switching element. The expression "arrangement" is preferably used to define the position of an electrical component, preferably a switch or a switching element, inside the circuit topology, which includes the electrical connection to the adjacent electrical components.

[0011] In one design, a circuit device for generating an internal supply voltage is operated in the case where a connectable external supply voltage is not available.

[0012] The unavailability of the connectable external supply voltage may have different causes. For example, there may be a fault in the vehicle electrical system of the transportation vehicle, the energy supply in the vehicle electrical system is disturbed, or the cable connection or plug connection may be mechanically damaged. By operating the circuit device, the reliability and availability of the discharge function of the charging device are advantageously improved.

[0013] In one design, the circuit device for generating an internal supply voltage includes a circuit for generating at least one auxiliary voltage. Preferably, the control device of the charging device is powered by means of the auxiliary voltage, and preferably the control device is used to control the DC voltage converter. Preferably, a plurality of auxiliary voltages are generated to supply different internal voltage loads of the charging device, preferably controller circuits, driver circuits, power switches of the charging device, or diagnostic circuits.

[0014] Advantageously, a charging device for powering a circuit arrangement of a control device is provided.

[0015] In one design, the circuit arrangement for generating an internal supply voltage includes at least one preferably potential-separated second DC voltage converter.

[0016] Advantageously, a charging device with a circuit arrangement is provided, which enables the safe operation of a vehicle.

[0017] In one design, the bidirectional DC voltage converter includes at least one LLC, CLLC or dual active bridge circuit. Similarly, the circuit topology of the bidirectional DC voltage converter can be used depending on the application framework conditions with or without electrical separation.

[0018] Advantageously, a suitable circuit type is provided for use in a bidirectional DC voltage converter.

[0019] Furthermore, the invention relates to a powertrain of a vehicle having a charging device as described above, wherein the powertrain particularly includes a traction battery, an inverter and / or an electric motor.

[0020] Advantageously, a powertrain of an electric vehicle with a charging device is provided, which is configured to discharge the capacitance or capacitors of a high-voltage network connected to the charging device during discharge operation by means of the charging device.

[0021] Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle having a powertrain as described above.

[0022] Advantageously, a vehicle with an electrified powertrain having an improved discharge function is provided.

[0023] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a charging device. The method includes the following steps: operating the circuit arrangement for generating an internal supply voltage during discharge operation.

[0024] Preferably, after receiving a signal or a fault signal for discharging the charge loaded on the DC voltage converter on the output side, the circuit arrangement supplies electrical energy to the control device. Preferably, the control device continues to control the DC voltage converter during discharge operation such that the charge loaded on the output side is transported towards the intermediate connection and the intermediate capacitor is charged.

[0025] Advantageously, a method for operating a charging device is provided, which allows for the centralized discharge of the capacitance or capacitors of a high-voltage network connected to the charging device. For this purpose, the charge is first transferred from the high-voltage network into the intermediate capacitor.

[0026] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a control device, cause it to perform the described method.

[0027] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a control device, cause it to perform the described method.

[0028] It goes without saying that the features, characteristics and advantages of the charging device are correspondingly suitable for or can be applied to the powertrain, the vehicle or the method and vice versa.

[0029] Other features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Description of the Drawings

[0030] The present invention will now be explained in detail with the aid of some drawings, for which purpose:

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic illustration of an embodiment of the circuit topology for a charging device with a control device is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematically illustrated vehicle with a powertrain having a charging device is shown;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematically illustrated flow chart of a method for operating a charging device is shown. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0034] Figure 1There is shown a charging device 500 which is preferably used for charging a battery of a vehicle. The charging device 500 includes, on the input side, an input connection unit 100 for connecting a three-phase alternating voltage shown by way of example and an input circuit 200 for supplying a direct voltage to at least a bipolar intermediate connection 300. At least one intermediate capacitor CZ is coupled between a positive intermediate connection 310 and a negative intermediate connection 320. In addition, a bidirectional DC voltage converter 450 is connected to the intermediate connection 300. The DC voltage applied to the DC voltage converter 450 on the input side at the intermediate connection 300 is converted into a charging voltage in the charging operation and is supplied to the DC voltage converter 450 on the output side in order to supply power to a high-voltage grid 400 which can be connected to the DC voltage converter 450 on the output side and / or in order to charge a battery 470 which can be connected to the output side of the DC voltage converter 450, preferably a traction battery or a high-voltage battery. The high-voltage grid 400 includes at least one high-voltage capacitor CHV, the capacitance in the high-voltage grid 400. The high-voltage capacitor CHV is shown by way of example for at least one of the capacitances of the components connected to the high-voltage grid 400. Preferably, the high-voltage grid 400 includes a plurality of loads. Therefore, preferably, a third DC voltage converter 460, preferably a buck chopper, is connected in parallel with the battery 470 in order to convert the charging voltage into a low voltage for charging a low-voltage battery 462 and for supplying power to the vehicle electrical system of the vehicle, thereby supplying power to the control device of the vehicle. The low-voltage battery 462, like preferably other low-voltage loads 480, is also connected to the vehicle electrical system of the vehicle.

[0035] Before an accident or before performing maintenance on a vehicle, it is necessary to reliably discharge the capacitors or condensers of the loads, high-voltage network, or high-voltage power grid connected to the high-voltage network 400 of the vehicle. Thereby, personal injuries that may occur when touching or coming into contact with the conductors or components of the high-voltage power grid are reliably eliminated. According to the present invention, for this purpose, a circuit device 402 is connected to the output side of the DC voltage converter 450, which is used to generate an internal supply voltage for the control device 452 of the charging device 500. Thereby, a feasible solution is provided to supply power to the control device 452 from the connectable high-voltage network 400. The control mechanism of the charging device 500, especially the control device 452, can be powered only by means of the circuit device 402. Preferably, the circuit device additionally includes an energy storage device, preferably a capacitor or a battery (not shown), which is charged directly from the high-voltage network 400. As an alternative, the control device 452 is powered by an external supply voltage, which can preferably be provided through the terminal T30. Preferably, the terminal T30 is connected to the vehicle electrical network of the vehicle through a plug or signal plug and preferably supplies an external supply voltage, preferably the vehicle electrical network voltage of the vehicle, to the control device 452. However, if the external supply voltage is not available preferably due to a fault, the control device 452 can also be powered from the connectable high-voltage network 400. Thereby, as long as the high-voltage network 400 to be discharged is connected to the charging device 500, a reliable power supply for the control device 452 is ensured by means of preferably additional or redundant circuit devices 402 for discharging. The DC voltage converter 450 is operated in a discharge mode by means of the control device 452, so that the charge loaded on the high-voltage network 400 on the output side is preferably transported from the high-voltage capacitor CHV towards the intermediate connection 300 and the intermediate capacitor CZ is charged. Preferably, the control device 452 receives or detects a signal, preferably a fault signal, based on which the control device 452 performs the discharge of the charge loaded on the DC voltage converter 450 on the output side in a discharge mode. Preferably, the charging device includes a first measuring device (at Figure 1(not shown here for the sake of simplicity), the first measuring device is configured to ascertain a first measured value, which characterizes the voltage applied to the DC voltage converter 450 on the output side. This can be a first measuring device for directly ascertaining the voltage on the output side of the DC voltage converter. As an alternative, it is also possible to ascertain and characterize the voltage applied to the output side of the DC voltage converter 450 as the first measured value by means of one or more measuring devices for ascertaining one or more electrical parameters (current, voltage) on the input side and / or the output side of the DC voltage converter and by means of appropriate calculations. Similarly, the corresponding first measured value or voltage value can preferably be transmitted to the control device 452 via a bus system with respect to components of the high-voltage network or on-vehicle electrical network of the vehicle. Preferably, the charging device includes a second measuring device (in Figure 1(not shown here for the sake of simplicity), the second measuring device is configured to ascertain a second measured value that characterizes the voltage applied to the bipolar intermediate connection 300. This can be a second measuring device for directly ascertaining the voltage at the bipolar intermediate connection 300. As an alternative, it is also possible to ascertain or characterize the voltage applied to the bipolar intermediate connection 300 as the second measured value by means of one or more measuring devices for ascertaining one or more electrical parameters (current, voltage) on the input side and / or output side of the charging device 500 and by means of suitable calculations. Similarly, the corresponding second measured value or voltage value can preferably be transmitted to the control device 452 by means of a bus system with respect to components of the high-voltage network or vehicle electrical system of the vehicle. Preferably, the control device 452 is configured to control the DC voltage converter 450 in such a way that, in a first step, the charge from the connectable high-voltage network 400 is first transferred into the intermediate capacitor CZ and then, in a second step, fed back into the high-voltage capacitor CHV. When implementing these two steps, the amount of charge stored in the high-voltage network 400 decreases because the process of transferring charge by means of the DC voltage converter 450 is sufficiently lossy. Preferably, in the discharge operation, when implementing at least one of the two steps, the DC voltage converter 450 is controlled in such a way that the losses of the DC voltage converter 450 are greater than in the charging operation. These two steps are repeated successively so often until the high-voltage capacitor CHV or the high-voltage network 400 is discharged to such an extent that personal injury is precluded when touching a live component, preferably the high-voltage network 400. As interruption criteria for the first and second steps, the first and second measured values are ascertained and compared with pre-given first and second threshold values. With each repetition, the first and second threshold values are pre-given to be so small that, with the implementation of the first or second step, a significant discharge of the system consisting of the charging device and the high-voltage network takes place respectively. As an interruption criterion for the entire discharge process, a third measured value is ascertained and compared with a pre-given third threshold value, similar to the first measured value. The third threshold value is pre-given in such a way that personal injury is precluded when touching a live component, preferably the high-voltage network. Preferably, the interruption criteria for the entire charging process are selected in such a way that the values derived from the relevant international standards regarding high-voltage safety are ensured upon interruption.

[0036] In one design, the discharging includes another step:

[0037] The intermediate capacitor is discharged by means of a discharge circuit. Preferably, the intermediate capacitor is discharged by connecting a parasitic resistor or a discharge resistor to the intermediate capacitor. Advantageously, a method is provided which allows for the collective discharge of the capacitance or capacitors of a high-voltage network connected to a charging device. For this purpose, first, the charge from the high-voltage network is transferred into the intermediate capacitor, and the intermediate capacitor is discharged by means of a discharge circuit. Preferably, this discharge of the intermediate capacitor can also be carried out in parallel with the steps for discharging the high-voltage network and / or feeding the charge back into the high-voltage network and advantageously accelerates the method. Preferably, the introduced discharge method can be combined with other discharge methods, preferably with current pulses through power semiconductors or by moving the charge from the high-voltage network into a storage that can be electrically separated from the high-voltage network, and thereby personal injury can be excluded.

[0038] An exemplary input circuit 200 of a charging device 500, an exemplary PFC stage includes a first half-bridge 210, a second half-bridge 220, and a third half-bridge 230. The first, second, and third half-bridges 210, 220, 230 each include a series circuit having a high-side switch 211, 213, 215 and a low-side switch 212, 214, 216. Each one of the intermediate taps between the high-side switch and the low-side switch of the half-bridge can be connected to the first, second, and third input connectors L1, L2, L3 of the input connection unit 100 via the first, second, and third chokes 202, 204, 206 respectively via the first, second, and third connection lines 110, 120, 130 respectively. Thus, the intermediate tap of the first half-bridge 210 can be connected to the first input connector L1 via the first choke 202 via the first connection line 110. Thus, the intermediate tap of the second half-bridge 220 can be connected to the second input connector L2 via the second choke 204 via the second connection line 120. Thus, the intermediate tap of the third half-bridge 230 can be connected to the third input connector L3 via the third choke 206 via the third connection line 130. The half-bridges 210, 220, 230 are connected in parallel. Their ends are connected to a bipolar intermediate connector 300. The high-side switches are connected to the positive intermediate connector 310 and the low-side switches are connected to the negative intermediate connector 320.

[0039] Figure 2A schematically shown vehicle 700 is shown with a drive train 600 having a charging device 500. The input connection unit 100 of the charging device 500 can preferably be connected to an external energy source via an electrical connection via a charging connection 105. Preferably, the external energy source is connected to the charging connection 105 via a wall box. This connection is preferably used for charging operation. However, a feedback operation is also possible, in which energy from the battery 470 is fed back to the external energy source. The vehicle 700 is shown here only by way of example with four wheels, wherein the present invention can also be used in any vehicle on land, water and in the air with any number of wheels. The drive train 600 shown by way of example includes at least one charging device 500 with a control device 452. The charging device 500 includes a circuit device 402 (not shown in this figure) for generating an internal supply voltage for the control device 452. In addition, the drive train preferably includes a battery 470, an inverter 472 and / or an electric motor 474. Preferably, any other loads, preferably including other capacitors between the high-voltage connections, are connected to the high-voltage network 400 of the drive train 600. Here, only a charging device 500 inside the vehicle is shown by way of example. The charging device can also be designed as an independent charging device 500, preferably as a charging post or wall box and arranged outside the vehicle.

[0040] Figure 3 A schematically illustrated flow chart for method 800 for operating charging device 500 is shown. Method 800 begins with step 805. In step 810, circuit arrangement 402 for generating an internal supply voltage is operated for discharge operation. For this purpose, circuit arrangement 402 is activated accordingly, preferably corresponding switching devices within circuit arrangement 402 are closed. If a connectable external supply voltage is not available, circuit arrangement 402 for generating an internal supply voltage is preferably operated. The method ends with step 815.

Claims

1. A charging device for charging a battery of a vehicle, wherein the charging device (500) comprises, on the input side: an input connection unit (100) for connecting a single-phase AC voltage or a polyphase AC voltage having n phases, where n is greater than or equal to 1; and an input circuit (200) for supplying a DC voltage to a bipolar intermediate connection (300), where an intermediate capacitor (CZ) is connected between a positive intermediate connection (310) and a negative intermediate connection (320), where a bidirectional DC voltage converter (450) is connected on the input side to the intermediate connection (300), which intermediate connection is configured to convert the DC voltage applied to the intermediate connection (300) into a charging voltage during charging operation and supply it to a high-voltage network (400) that can be connected to the output side of the DC voltage converter (450), where the charging device (500) includes a control device (452) for controlling the bidirectional DC voltage converter (450), characterized in that, a circuit device (402) for generating an internal supply voltage for the control device (452) of the charging device (500) is connected on the output side of the DC voltage converter (450) in order to supply power to the control device (452) from the connectable high-voltage network (400).

2. The charging device according to claim 1, where the circuit device (402) for generating an internal supply voltage is operated in the case where a connectable external supply voltage is not available.

3. The charging device according to any one of the preceding claims, where the circuit device (402) for generating an internal supply voltage includes a circuit for generating at least one auxiliary voltage.

4. The charging device according to any one of the preceding claims, where the circuit device (402) for generating an internal supply voltage includes at least one galvanically separated second DC voltage converter.

5. A powertrain (600) of a vehicle (700), having a charging device (500) according to any one of the preceding claims, where the powertrain (600) in particular includes a traction battery (470), an inverter (472) and / or an electric motor (474).

6. A vehicle (700) having a powertrain (600) according to claim 5.

7. A method (800) for operating a charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, having the following steps: operating (810) the circuit device (402) for generating an internal supply voltage during discharging operation.

8. A computer program, including instructions which, when the program is executed by a control device (452), cause it to execute the method (800) according to claim 7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, including instructions which, when the program is executed by a control device (452), cause it to execute the method (800) according to claim 7.

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