Battery recovery method and battery recovery processing system

Abstract

The invention provides a battery recycling method and a battery recycling system, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out crushing treatment on a battery, and carrying out heating volatilization treatment on the crushed battery to obtain a solid-state mixed material; heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder in the solid mixed material are removed, and a primary treatment material is obtained; the copper-aluminum current collector in the primary treatment material is polished and shaped into particles, and an intermediate treatment material is obtained; and copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treatment material are subjected to separation treatment. By means of the technical scheme, the technical problem that in the prior art, the copper and aluminum separation effect is poor in the battery recycling treatment process can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling and treatment, and in particular, to a battery recycling method and a battery recycling and treatment system. Background Art

[0002] Currently, in the existing recycling technologies for retired batteries, a color sorting method is usually adopted to separate and recycle the copper-aluminum mixture obtained during the recycling process.

[0003] However, in the actual application of such a treatment method, since the color difference between copper and aluminum in the recycled copper-aluminum mixture is not obvious enough, if no additional wet treatment is carried out to increase the color difference between copper and aluminum, it is impossible to obtain copper and aluminum with relatively high purity respectively. However, such operation steps are too cumbersome and the recycling efficiency is low. Therefore, the treatment effect of using the existing color sorting method to sort copper and aluminum is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main object of the present invention is to provide a battery recycling method and a battery recycling and treatment system to solve the technical problem of poor copper-aluminum sorting effect in the existing battery recycling and treatment process.

[0005] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery recycling method, including:

[0006] Crushing the battery and performing a heating and volatilization treatment on the crushed battery to obtain a solid mixed material;

[0007] Removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material to obtain a preliminarily treated material;

[0008] Grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material into granular form to obtain an intermediate treated material; sorting the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material.

[0009] Further, sorting the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material includes: sorting the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material by using a specific gravity sorting method; and / or,

[0010] Grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material into granular form includes: grinding the copper-aluminum current collectors into copper particles with a particle size of d1 and aluminum particles with a particle size of d2; where 0.1 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 1 mm; 0.1 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 1 mm.

[0011] Further, after removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material, the battery recycling method further includes: collecting the heavy objects and diaphragms; after collecting the heavy objects and diaphragms, the battery recycling method further includes:

[0012] The diaphragm is sieved to remove black powder in the diaphragm; and / or,

[0013] The heavy objects are separated by magnetic separation to obtain the steel shells in the heavy objects.

[0014] Further, removing heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder from the solid mixed material includes:

[0015] The solid mixed material is sieved, and the sieve aperture used for the sieving process is d3;

[0016] where 0 μm < d3 ≤ 180 μm to remove black powder.

[0017] Further, removing heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder from the solid mixed material includes:

[0018] The solid mixed material is sieved by a first sieving device to remove at least part of the black powder in the solid mixed material and obtain a first intermediate material;

[0019] The first intermediate material is broken up, and the broken-up first intermediate material is sieved by a second sieving device to remove at least part of the black powder in the first intermediate material and obtain a second intermediate material;

[0020] The second intermediate material is separated by air separation to obtain diaphragms, heavy objects and a preliminarily treated material respectively;

[0021] where one of the first sieving device and the second sieving device is a linear screen, and the other of the first sieving device and the second sieving device is a circular vibrating screen.

[0022] Further, after obtaining the diaphragms, heavy objects and the preliminarily treated material, the battery recycling method further includes: sieving the diaphragms by a third sieving device to remove at least part of the black powder on the diaphragms; and / or,

[0023] After the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material are polished and shaped into particles, the battery recycling method further includes:

[0024] The preliminarily treated material is sieved by a fourth sieving device to remove the black powder in the preliminarily treated material and obtain a mixture of copper particles and aluminum particles;

[0025] where one of the second sieving device and the third sieving device is a linear screen, and the other of the second sieving device and the third sieving device is a circular vibrating screen; one of the third sieving device and the fourth sieving device is a linear screen, and the other of the third sieving device and the fourth sieving device is a circular vibrating screen.

[0026] Further, the heating and volatilization treatment of the crushed battery includes:

[0027] Heat the broken battery to volatilize the electrolyte in the broken battery to form organic waste gas;

[0028] Among them, the heating temperature for heating the broken battery is T, and 80°C ≤ T ≤ 100°C.

[0029] Furthermore, organic waste gas can also be obtained during the heating and volatilization treatment of the broken battery; after obtaining the organic waste gas, the battery recycling method further includes:

[0030] Perform first-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas, perform second-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas after the first-stage condensation treatment, and perform third-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas after the second-stage condensation treatment;

[0031] Among them, the condensation temperature of the first-stage condensation treatment is t1, and 40°C ≤ t1 ≤ 50°C; and / or,

[0032] The condensation temperature of the second-stage condensation treatment is t2, and 0°C ≤ t2 ≤ 5°C; and / or,

[0033] The condensation temperature of the third-stage condensation treatment is t3, and -40°C ≤ t3 ≤ -30°C.

[0034] According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery recycling and treatment system is provided, which is applicable to the battery recycling method provided above. The battery recycling and treatment system includes:

[0035] A crushing device for crushing the battery;

[0036] A heating and volatilization device, the inlet of the heating and volatilization device is connected to the outlet of the crushing device, and the heating and volatilization device is used to heat and volatilize the broken battery to obtain a solid mixture;

[0037] A screening device, the inlet of the screening device is connected to the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device, and the screening device is used to remove heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder in the solid mixture to obtain a preliminarily treated material;

[0038] A grinding device, the inlet of the grinding device is connected to the outlet of the screening device, and the grinding device is used to grind and shape the copper-aluminum current collector in the preliminarily treated material into particles to obtain an intermediate treated material;

[0039] A specific gravity separation device, the inlet of the specific gravity separation device is connected to the outlet of the grinding device, and the specific gravity separation device is used to classify the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material.

[0040] Further, the screening device includes a first screening device, a powder removal device, and a pneumatic separation device. The inlet of the first screening device is connected to the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device. The first screening device has screening holes for screening the solid mixed material, and is used for screening the solid mixed material; the inlet of the powder removal device is connected to the outlet of the first screening device, and the powder removal device is used for dispersing the solid mixed material after screening and removing the black powder in the solid mixed material after screening; the inlet of the pneumatic separation device is connected to the outlet of the powder removal device, and the pneumatic separation device is used for pneumatically separating the solid mixed material processed by the powder removal device to obtain a separator, heavy objects, and a preliminarily processed material; and / or,

[0041] There are at least two heating and volatilization devices, and at least one of the at least two heating and volatilization devices is in an operating state.

[0042] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the solids in the battery can be separated through the crushing and heating and volatilization treatment of the battery, and further, the heavy objects, separator, and black powder in the solids can be removed to obtain a copper-aluminum current collector composed only of copper and aluminum. Then, the copper-aluminum current collector is polished. In this way, during the polishing process, copper and aluminum can form discrete particles, and the surface of the copper-aluminum particles can be polished, reducing the possibility of being attached by impurities in the production environment during the treatment process, and also improving the surface color of the particles. In this way, during the subsequent sorting process, it is convenient to obtain relatively pure copper and aluminum respectively, improving the copper-aluminum sorting effect. Therefore, through the battery recycling method provided in this embodiment, the technical problem of poor copper-aluminum sorting effect in the existing battery recycling process can be solved. Description of the Drawings

[0043] The specification drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 It shows a battery recycling process diagram provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 It shows an overall structure diagram of a battery recycling system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It shows an overall structure diagram of a battery recycling system using two heating and volatilization devices provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0048] 10. Hopper; 20. Crushing equipment; 30. Heating and volatilization equipment; 40. First screening device; 50. Powder removal equipment; 60. Second screening device; 70. Air separation equipment; 71. First air separator; 72. Second air separator; 80. Third screening device; 90. Magnetic separation equipment; 100. Grinding equipment; 110. Fourth screening device; 120. Specific gravity separation equipment; 130. Dust removal equipment; 141. First condenser; 142. Second condenser; 143. Third condenser; 150. Storage tank; 160. Alkaline washing spray tower; 170. Carbon adsorption equipment; 180. Exhaust tower; 190. Storage bin. Detailed implementation mode

[0049] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0050] As Figure 1 shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a battery recycling method, which includes: performing a crushing treatment on the battery, and performing a heating and volatilization treatment on the crushed battery to obtain a solid mixed material; removing heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder from the solid mixed material to obtain a preliminarily treated material; grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material into granular form to obtain an intermediate treated material; and performing a separation treatment on the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material.

[0051] By using the battery recycling method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, the solid substances in the battery can be separated through the crushing and heating and volatilization treatments of the battery, and further, heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder in the solid substances can be removed to obtain a copper-aluminum current collector composed only of copper and aluminum. Then, the copper-aluminum current collector is ground, so that during the grinding process, copper and aluminum can form discrete particles, and the surface of the copper-aluminum particles can be polished, reducing the possibility of being attached by impurities in the production environment during the treatment process, and also improving the surface color of the particles. In this way, during the subsequent separation treatment process, it is convenient to obtain copper and aluminum with higher purity respectively, improving the copper-aluminum separation effect. Therefore, through the battery recycling method provided in this embodiment, the technical problem of poor copper-aluminum separation effect in the existing battery recycling treatment process can be solved.

[0052] Specifically, the heavy objects in the solid mixed material include a steel shell and a pole.

[0053] Specifically, the method for classifying copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate processed material includes: sorting the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate processed material by specific gravity separation. By using such a method, it is possible to effectively distinguish the copper particles and aluminum particles that have been shaped into granular form, and separate copper and aluminum through the difference in the relative density of copper and aluminum, effectively improving the sorting efficiency.

[0054] Specifically, the method for grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collector in the preliminarily processed material into granular form includes: grinding the copper-aluminum current collector into copper particles with a particle size of d1 and aluminum particles with a particle size of d2, where 0.1 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 1 mm; 0.1 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 1 mm. In this way, it is convenient to subsequently separate copper and aluminum by specific gravity separation.

[0055] In this embodiment, after removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material, the battery recycling method further includes: collecting the heavy objects and diaphragms. After collecting the heavy objects and diaphragms, the battery recycling method further includes: screening the diaphragms to remove the black powder in the diaphragms. In this way, the diaphragm and the black powder attached to the diaphragm can be separated, facilitating classified recycling and effectively improving the recycling rate of the battery.

[0056] Specifically, after collecting the heavy objects and diaphragms, the battery recycling method further includes: performing magnetic separation on the heavy objects to obtain the steel shell in the heavy objects. In this way, the pole posts and the steel shell in the heavy objects can be separated, facilitating classified recycling and effectively improving the recycling rate of the battery.

[0057] Specifically, the method for removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material includes: screening the solid mixed material, and the screening aperture used for the screening process is d3, where 0 μm < d3 ≤ 180 μm, to remove the black powder. In this way, through the screening of the solid mixed material, the black powder in the solid mixed material can be removed, facilitating the improvement of the purity of the products in the subsequent recycling process.

[0058] In this embodiment, the method for removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material further includes: screening the solid mixed material by using a first screening device 40 to remove at least part of the black powder in the solid mixed material and obtain a first intermediate material; dispersing the first intermediate material, and screening the dispersed first intermediate material by using a second screening device 60 to remove at least part of the black powder in the first intermediate material and obtain a second intermediate material; performing air separation on the second intermediate material to obtain a diaphragm, a heavy object, and a preliminarily treated material respectively. Wherein, one of the first screening device 40 and the second screening device 60 is a linear screen, and the other of the first screening device 40 and the second screening device 60 is a circular vibrating screen. By adopting such a method, the screening accuracy can be further improved by applying different types of screening devices to screen the material, and the purity of the product can be ensured.

[0059] Specifically, after obtaining the diaphragm, the heavy object, and the preliminarily treated material, the battery recycling method further includes: screening the diaphragm by using a third screening device 80 to remove at least part of the black powder on the diaphragm. In this way, the diaphragm and the black powder attached to the diaphragm can be separated, which is convenient for classified recycling and effectively improves the recycling rate of the battery.

[0060] Specifically, after grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collector in the preliminarily treated material into granular form, the battery recycling method further includes: screening the preliminarily treated material by using a fourth screening device 110 to remove the black powder in the preliminarily treated material and obtain a mixture of copper particles and aluminum particles. One of the second screening device 60 and the third screening device 80 is a linear screen, and the other of the second screening device 60 and the third screening device 80 is a circular vibrating screen; one of the third screening device 80 and the fourth screening device 110 is a linear screen, and the other of the third screening device 80 and the fourth screening device 110 is a circular vibrating screen. By adopting such a method, the screening accuracy can be further improved by applying different types of screening devices to screen the material, and the purity of the product can be ensured.

[0061] Specifically, the first screening device 40 in this embodiment is a linear vibrating screen, the second screening device 60 is a circular vibrating screen, the third screening device 80 is a linear vibrating screen, and the fourth screening device 110 is a circular vibrating screen.

[0062] In this embodiment, the method for heating and volatilizing the crushed battery includes: heating the crushed battery to volatilize the electrolyte in the crushed battery to form organic waste gas. The heating temperature for heating the crushed battery is T, and 80°C ≤ T ≤ 100°C. In this way, since the electrolyte can be prevented from decomposing during the heating and volatilization process, the formation of fluorides is avoided, the fluorides generated by cracking at high temperature are reduced, and the energy consumption can be reduced at the same time.

[0063] Specifically, organic waste gas can also be obtained during the heating and volatilization treatment of the broken battery. After obtaining the organic waste gas, the battery recycling method further includes: performing multi-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas; performing alkali solution spraying treatment on the organic waste gas after condensation treatment to remove fluoride in the organic waste gas after condensation treatment to obtain residual organic waste gas; performing carbon adsorption treatment on the residual organic waste gas and discharging the residual organic waste gas after carbon adsorption treatment.

[0064] Specifically, organic waste gas can also be obtained during the heating and volatilization treatment of the broken battery. After obtaining the organic waste gas, the battery recycling method further includes: performing first-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas, performing second-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas after the first-stage condensation treatment, and performing third-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas after the second-stage condensation treatment.

[0065] Specifically, the condensation temperature of the first-stage condensation treatment is t1, and 40°C ≤ t1 ≤ 50°C. In this way, the organic waste gas can be condensed through the first-stage condensation treatment to facilitate the recovery of the electrolyte.

[0066] Specifically, the condensation temperature of the second-stage condensation treatment is t2, and 0°C ≤ t2 ≤ 5°C. In this way, the organic waste gas can be further condensed through the second-stage condensation treatment to facilitate the recovery of the electrolyte.

[0067] Specifically, the condensation temperature of the third-stage condensation treatment is t3, and -40°C ≤ t3 ≤ -30°C. In this way, the organic waste gas can be further condensed through the third-stage condensation treatment to facilitate the recovery of the electrolyte.

[0068] In addition, through the setting of the sequentially increasing temperature ranges of the above-mentioned first-stage condensation treatment, second-stage condensation treatment, and third-stage condensation treatment, it is possible to facilitate a better condensation effect and thus better recover the electrolyte.

[0069] Specifically, after classifying and treating the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treatment material, the battery recycling method further includes: conveying the black powder into the storage bin 190 by means of negative pressure suction.

[0070] Such as Figures 2 to 3As shown in the figure, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a battery recycling and processing system, which is applicable to the battery recycling method provided above. The battery recycling and processing system includes: a crushing device 20, a heating and volatilization device 30, a screening device, a grinding device 100, and a specific gravity separation device 120. The crushing device 20 is used to crush the battery; the inlet of the heating and volatilization device 30 is connected to the outlet of the crushing device 20, and the heating and volatilization device 30 is used to perform heating and volatilization treatment on the crushed battery to obtain a solid mixed material; the inlet of the screening device is connected to the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device 30, and the screening device is used to remove heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material to obtain a preliminarily processed material; the inlet of the grinding device 100 is connected to the outlet of the screening device, and the grinding device 100 is used to grind and shape the copper-aluminum current collector in the preliminarily processed material into granular form to obtain an intermediate processed material; the inlet of the specific gravity separation device 120 is connected to the outlet of the grinding device 100, and the specific gravity separation device 120 is used to separate the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate processed material.

[0071] By using the battery recycling and processing system provided in Embodiment 2, the battery can be crushed by the crushing device 20, and then the crushed battery can be heated by the heating and volatilization device 30 to volatilize the electrolyte therein. The solid material then enters the screening device to remove heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder therein, obtaining a copper-aluminum current collector. Finally, the copper-aluminum current collector is ground and shaped into granular form by the grinding device 100, so as to facilitate the subsequent classification of copper and aluminum by the specific gravity separation device 120. This can avoid impurities and black powder of other components being mixed in the recycled copper and aluminum, and further improve the copper-aluminum separation effect. Therefore, through the battery recycling and processing system provided in this embodiment, the technical problem of poor copper-aluminum separation effect in the existing battery recycling and processing process can be solved.

[0072] Specifically, when heating the crushed battery, the vacuum degree inside the heating and volatilization device 30 is p, -100 kPa ≤ p ≤ -90 kPa. In this way, when the heating and volatilization device 30 heats, the electrolyte can be evaporated into gas, and at the same time, fluoride will not be decomposed.

[0073] Preferably, p = -95 kPa.

[0074] Specifically, the screening device includes a first screening device 40, a deflouring device 50, and a pneumatic separation device 70. The inlet of the first screening device 40 is connected to the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device 30. The first screening device 40 has screening holes for screening the solid mixed material, and the first screening device 40 is used for screening the solid mixed material. The inlet of the deflouring device 50 is connected to the outlet of the first screening device 40. The deflouring device 50 is used for breaking up the solid mixed material after screening and removing the black powder in the solid mixed material after screening. The inlet of the pneumatic separation device 70 is connected to the outlet of the deflouring device 50. The pneumatic separation device 70 is used for pneumatically separating the solid mixed material processed by the deflouring device 50 to obtain diaphragms, heavy objects, and preliminarily processed materials. With such a structural arrangement, the black powder in the solid mixed material can be initially removed by the first screening device 40, and then the various materials in the solid mixed material can be separated by the breaking-up treatment of the deflouring device 50, avoiding adhesion between materials and being unfavorable for subsequent separation treatment. Then, the diaphragms, heavy objects, and other materials in the solid mixed material can be separated by the pneumatic separation device 70, facilitating subsequent treatment of copper and aluminum, and effectively improving the recycling rate of battery products.

[0075] Specifically, the pneumatic separation device 70 includes a first pneumatic separator 71 and a second pneumatic separator 72. The inlet of the first pneumatic separator 71 is connected to the outlet of the deflouring device 50. The first pneumatic separator 71 is used for performing the first pneumatic separation on the solid mixed material processed by the deflouring device 50 to obtain diaphragms; the inlet of the second pneumatic separator 72 is connected to the outlet of the first pneumatic separator 71. The second pneumatic separator 72 is used for performing the second pneumatic separation on the solid mixed material processed by the deflouring device 50 to obtain heavy objects. In this way, the diaphragms and heavy objects in the solid mixed material can be separated through two pneumatic separation treatments, facilitating the improvement of the purity of subsequent recycled materials.

[0076] Specifically, the diaphragm outlet of the first pneumatic separator 71 is also connected to the inlet of a third screening device 80 to separate the diaphragms and the black powder on the diaphragms through the third screening device 80. The battery recycling treatment system further includes a magnetic separation device 90. The inlet of the magnetic separation device 90 is connected to the heavy object outlet of the second pneumatic separator 72 to separate the steel shell and other components in the heavy objects through the magnetic separation device 90.

[0077] Specifically, there are at least two heating and volatilization devices 30, and at least one of the at least two heating and volatilization devices 30 is in an operating state. In this way, the alternate continuous operation of each heating and volatilization device 30 can be realized. When one of the heating and volatilization devices 30 cannot perform heating treatment, the crushed battery materials can be put into another operable heating and volatilization device 30, which is beneficial to reducing the waiting time and improving the separation and recycling speed. At the same time, this also facilitates ensuring the normal operation of the recycling operation while performing maintenance on the equipment.

[0078] Specifically, there are two heating and volatilization devices 30. The crushed batteries enter one of the heating and volatilization devices 30 to remove the electrolyte from the crushed batteries. When one of the heating and volatilization devices 30 is operating, crushed batteries are added to the other heating and volatilization device 30. When the other heating and volatilization device 30 is operating, crushed batteries are added to one of the heating and volatilization devices 30. One and the other of the heating and volatilization devices 30 operate in sequence.

[0079] Preferably, the heating and volatilization device 30 uses electromagnetic heating, which can achieve rapid temperature rise.

[0080] Specifically, the heating and volatilization device 30 is provided with stirring shaft inner rake teeth for evenly turning over and throwing the materials to make the materials heated evenly.

[0081] Specifically, the battery recycling and treatment system further includes a first condenser 141, a second condenser 142, and a third condenser 143 connected in sequence. The heat exchange inlet of the first condenser 141 is connected to the gas outlet of the heating and volatilization device 30. The first condenser 141, the second condenser 142, and the third condenser 143 are respectively communicated with the storage tank 150. The battery recycling and treatment system further includes an alkali washing spray tower 160. The inlet of the alkali washing spray tower 160 is connected to the heat exchange outlet of the third condenser 143. The alkali washing spray tower 160 is used for performing alkali liquid spraying treatment on the organic waste gas after condensation treatment. The battery recycling and treatment system further includes a carbon adsorption device 170 for performing carbon adsorption treatment on the organic waste gas after alkali liquid spraying treatment; the carbon adsorption device 170 has a first inlet and a second inlet. The first inlet is connected to the outlet of the alkali washing spray tower 160, and the second inlet is used for introducing a heat exchange medium for heat exchange; when one of the first inlet and the second inlet is opened, the other of the first inlet and the second inlet is closed. Thus, when it is necessary to perform carbon adsorption treatment on the organic waste gas through the carbon adsorption device 170, the first inlet is opened and the second inlet is closed at the same time, and the organic waste gas in the alkali washing spray tower 160 can enter the carbon adsorption device 170 through the first inlet to complete the carbon adsorption treatment; when it is necessary to perform desorption treatment on the carbon adsorption device 170, the second inlet is opened and the first inlet is closed at the same time, and the organic waste gas in the alkali washing spray tower 160 will not enter the carbon adsorption device 170, and the heat exchange medium for heat exchange can enter the carbon adsorption device 170 through the second inlet to perform heating desorption treatment on the carbon adsorption device 170.

[0082] Specifically, the outlet of the carbon adsorption device 170 is connected to the exhaust tower 180 to discharge the organic waste gas after carbon adsorption treatment through the exhaust tower 180.

[0083] Specifically, the gas outlet of the heating and volatilization device 30 is used to discharge the organic waste gas formed by the volatilization of the electrolyte; the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device 30 is used to discharge the solid mixed material.

[0084] Specifically, the heat exchange medium used for heat exchange may be steam or high-temperature inert gas.

[0085] Specifically, there are two carbon adsorption devices, which are respectively connected to the alkali washing spray tower, and are respectively connected to the exhaust tower 180 to discharge the organic waste gas treated by carbon adsorption through the exhaust tower 180.

[0086] Specifically, the battery recycling method to be protected by the present invention includes:

[0087] S1: The used battery cells discharged to below 2V are put into the crushing equipment 20 through the hopper 10 for crushing. The crushing process is carried out under nitrogen protection. The crushing equipment 20 is preferably a four-axis crusher, and the crushed particle size is about 15-30mm.

[0088] S2: The crushed material enters the heating volatilization device 30 and is heated to 80 to 150° C. to remove the electrolyte from the crushed battery material. The heating source is preferably electric heating.

[0089] S3: The organic waste gas generated by heating and volatilization passes through the dust removal equipment 130 and enters the three-stage condensation, alkali solution spraying, activated carbon fiber adsorption and other processes for treatment, and the condensed organic solution is stored and discharged. The first condenser 141 is a tube-fin heat exchanger with a condensation temperature of 40-50°C. The second condenser 142 is a tube-fin heat exchanger with a condensation temperature of 0-5°C. The third condenser 143 is a tube-fin heat exchanger with a condensation temperature below -30°C. The organic waste gas condensed into liquid enters the solvent tank (equivalent to the storage tank 150) for storage. The organic waste gas that has not been condensed into liquid enters the alkali washing spray tower 160 to remove the fluoride therein. The alkali washing spray tower 160 uses two layers of spraying and three layers of fillers. After removing the fluoride therein, the remaining organic waste gas enters the carbon adsorption equipment 170 for further treatment and meets the emission standards. The carbon adsorption device 170 adopts a one-absorption-one-desorption design with automatic switching to achieve the reuse of carbon fiber. Desorption can be carried out by steam or high-temperature nitrogen.

[0090] S4: The material after removing the electrolyte is preliminarily screened by a vibrating screen (equivalent to the first screening device 40), wherein the vibrating screen is a two-layer linear screen, the mesh size of the upper screen is 1-5 mm, and the mesh size of the lower screen is 80-120 mesh. The material on the first and second layers of the screen enters the primary powder removal device (equivalent to the powder removal device 50), and the material under the second layer of the screen is black powder.

[0091] S5: The material is de-powdered in the primary de-powdering device, and the black powder adhered to the current collector is removed by the disintegrator of the de-powdering device 50 .

[0092] S6: The mixed material from the primary deflaking process, under the action of two-stage air separation, removes heavy objects (such as steel shells and pole columns) and diaphragms in the electrode plates. The removed diaphragms remove the carried black powder through screening, and the heavy objects remove the steel shells among them through magnetic separation.

[0093] S7: The electrode plates from which heavy objects and diaphragms have been removed enter the secondary deflaking process. Under the action of a mill (equivalent to the polishing device 100), the black powder on the electrode plates is completely removed, and the copper-aluminum current collectors are shaped into copper-aluminum particles with a size of 0.1 - 1 mm, and then enter the specific gravity separation device 120 to separate the copper-aluminum particles.

[0094] S8: The black powder at the outlets of each device is transported to the black powder storage bin (equivalent to the storage bin 190) for storage and centralized collection through negative pressure suction.

[0095] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: effectively reducing the generation of fluorides during the battery recycling process, avoiding the problem of unqualified tail gas emissions; effectively reducing the energy consumption of the equipment; effectively realizing the recycling of the electrolyte in the battery.

[0096] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0097] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions, and values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that for the convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0098] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by orientation terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Without contrary explanation, these orientation terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application; the orientation terms "inside, outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

[0099] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "above...", "over...", "on the upper surface of...", "upper...", etc. can be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature shown in the figure and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation other than the orientation described in the figure for the device. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "over other devices or structures" will then be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "under other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above..." can include both the orientations of "above..." and "below...". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations should be made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0100] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first", "second", etc. to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Without separate statement, the above terms have no special meaning. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0101] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery recycling method, characterized in that, Including: Crushing the battery and subjecting the crushed battery to heat volatilization treatment to obtain a solid mixed material; Removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material to obtain a preliminarily treated material; Grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material into granular form to obtain an intermediate treated material; sorting the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material.

2. The battery recycling method according to claim 1, wherein The sorting of the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material includes: sorting the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material by specific gravity sorting; and / or The grinding and shaping of the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material into granular form includes: grinding the copper-aluminum current collectors into the copper particles with a particle size of d1 and the aluminum particles with a particle size of d2; wherein, 0.1mm ≤ d1 ≤ 1mm; 0.1mm ≤ d2 ≤ 1mm.

3. The battery recycling method according to claim 1, wherein After removing heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material, the battery recycling method further includes: collecting the heavy objects and the diaphragms; after collecting the heavy objects and the diaphragms, the battery recycling method further includes: Screening the diaphragm to remove the black powder in the diaphragm; and / or Performing magnetic separation on the heavy objects to obtain the steel shell in the heavy objects.

4. The battery recycling method according to claim 1, wherein The removing of heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material includes: Screening the solid mixed material and making the screening aperture used for the screening be d3; wherein, 0μm < d3 ≤ 180μm to remove the black powder.

5. The battery recycling method according to claim 1, wherein The removing of heavy objects, diaphragms, and black powder from the solid mixed material includes: Screening the solid mixed material by a first screening device to remove at least part of the black powder in the solid mixed material and obtain a first intermediate material; Dispersing the first intermediate material and screening the dispersed first intermediate material by a second screening device to remove at least part of the black powder in the first intermediate material and obtain a second intermediate material; Performing air separation on the second intermediate material to respectively obtain the diaphragm, the heavy objects, and the preliminarily treated material; wherein, one of the first screening device and the second screening device is a linear screen, and the other of the first screening device and the second screening device is a circular vibrating screen.

6. The battery recycling method according to claim 5, wherein After obtaining the diaphragm, the heavy objects, and the preliminarily treated material, the battery recycling method further includes: screening the diaphragm by a third screening device to remove at least part of the black powder on the diaphragm; After grinding and shaping the copper-aluminum current collectors in the preliminarily treated material into granular form, the battery recycling method further includes: screening the preliminarily treated material by a fourth screening device to remove the black powder in the preliminarily treated material and obtain a mixture of copper particles and aluminum particles; Among them, one of the second screening device and the third screening device is a linear screen, and the other of the second screening device and the third screening device is a circular vibrating screen; one of the third screening device and the fourth screening device is a linear screen, and the other of the third screening device and the fourth screening device is a circular vibrating screen.

7. The battery recycling method according to claim 1, wherein The heating and volatilization treatment of the crushed battery includes: Heating the crushed battery to volatilize the electrolyte in the crushed battery to form organic waste gas; Among them, the heating temperature for heating the crushed battery is T, and 80°C ≤ T ≤ 100°C.

8. The battery recycling method according to claim 1, wherein During the heating and volatilization treatment of the crushed battery, organic waste gas can also be obtained; after obtaining the organic waste gas, the battery recycling method further includes: Performing first-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas, performing second-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas after the first-stage condensation treatment, and performing third-stage condensation treatment on the organic waste gas after the second-stage condensation treatment; Among them, the condensation temperature of the first-stage condensation treatment is t1, and 40°C ≤ t1 ≤ 50°C; and / or, The condensation temperature of the second-stage condensation treatment is t2, and 0°C ≤ t2 ≤ 5°C; and / or, The condensation temperature of the third-stage condensation treatment is t3, and -40°C ≤ t3 ≤ -30°C.

9. A battery recycling and processing system, characterized in that, Applicable to the battery recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the battery recycling treatment system includes: A crushing device (20) for crushing the battery; A heating and volatilization device (30), the inlet of the heating and volatilization device (30) is connected to the outlet of the crushing device (20), and the heating and volatilization device (30) is used to perform heating and volatilization treatment on the crushed battery to obtain a solid mixed material; A screening device, the inlet of the screening device is connected to the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device (30), and the screening device is used to remove heavy objects, diaphragms and black powder in the solid mixed material to obtain a preliminarily treated material; A polishing device (100), the inlet of the polishing device (100) is connected to the outlet of the screening device, and the polishing device (100) is used to polish and shape the copper-aluminum current collector in the preliminarily treated material into granular form to obtain an intermediate treated material; A specific gravity separation device (120), the inlet of the specific gravity separation device (120) is connected to the outlet of the polishing device (100), and the specific gravity separation device (120) is used to classify the copper particles and aluminum particles in the intermediate treated material.

10. The battery recycling treatment system according to claim 9, wherein The screening device includes a first screening device (40), a powder removal device (50), and a pneumatic separation device (70). The inlet of the first screening device (40) is connected to the material outlet of the heating and volatilization device (30). The first screening device (40) has screening holes for screening the solid mixed material, and the first screening device (40) is used for screening the solid mixed material; the inlet of the powder removal device (50) is connected to the outlet of the first screening device (40), and the powder removal device (50) is used for dispersing the solid mixed material after the screening treatment and removing the black powder in the solid mixed material after the screening treatment; the inlet of the pneumatic separation device (70) is connected to the outlet of the powder removal device (50), and the pneumatic separation device (70) is used for pneumatically separating the solid mixed material treated by the powder removal device (50) to obtain the separator, the heavy object, and the preliminarily treated material; and / or, There are at least two heating and volatilization devices (30), and at least one of the at least two heating and volatilization devices (30) is in an operating state.

Images