Drilling machine for machining mechanical parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling machine for machining mechanical parts, which comprises a main body, a lifting device which moves along with the up-down movement of a chuck in the main body is arranged on the main body, and a collecting device for collecting long chips generated in the drilling process is arranged on the lifting device. A crushing device for crushing long chips in the collecting device is arranged on the collecting device; through the double-layer annular structure of the outer barrel and the inner barrel in the collecting device, the splayed bottom face of the first guide plate and the J-shaped section of the second guide plate are combined, directional collection of long chips is achieved, the abutting plate is dynamically attached to the surface of the rotary cutter through the first spring and the balls, friction loss is reduced, the gap can be automatically adjusted according to the size of the cutter, and the cutting efficiency is improved. The inclined guide face of the first guide plate is matched with the C-shaped outline of the inner cylinder, so that the long chips slide into a collecting area along a preset path, and the long chips are prevented from being wound around a chuck or a cutter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of part processing equipment, and specifically to a drill press for machining mechanical parts. Background Art

[0002] Mechanical parts are the basic units that make up a machine and are also individual, non - detachable parts that compose a machine. During the processing of mechanical parts, a drill press plays an important role. It is a device specifically used for drilling holes and can machine holes of various diameters on parts. The working principle of a drill press is mainly to drive the drill bit to rotate through the spindle, and at the same time make the drill bit feed axially, so as to cut out the required holes on the workpiece. Among many types of drill presses, the bench drill press is a relatively commonly used one. It consists of components such as a base, a spindle, a workbench, a motor, a spindle box, a chuck, and a tool. The base provides stable support for the entire device. The motor, as the power source, provides power for the operation of the drill press. The power is transmitted to the spindle through the spindle box, driving the chuck and the tool to rotate. The workbench is used to install and fix the parts to be processed, facilitating the operator to perform drilling operations.

[0003] Chinese Patent with Publication No. CN221454383U discloses a drill press for machining mechanical parts. Its structure includes a base. The upper surface of the base is fixedly connected with a column, and the top of the column is fixedly connected with a machine body; an adjustment component. The adjustment component includes a guide sleeve sleeved outside the column. One side of the guide sleeve is fixedly connected with an ear, and the other side of the guide sleeve is fixedly connected with a convex block. The other end of the ear is fixedly connected with a workbench. The convex block and the column are inserted with a positioning pin, and one end of the positioning pin is fixedly connected with a guide plate, and the guide plate is outside the workbench. This utility model realizes the installation and positioning of the workbench through an adjustable structure, so that when the device is in use, it has higher adaptability, can flexibly carry parts of different thicknesses, and at the same time, the plug - in positioning is simple and convenient to operate, facilitating the adjustment of its height.

[0004] However, the above - mentioned prior art has the following deficiencies: During use, long waste chips are generated in the cutting grooves on the surface of the drill press tool during drilling. These waste chips extend upward along the cutting grooves and gradually wind around the surface of the chuck as the chuck and the tool rotate, resulting in an increase in the rotational resistance of the chuck and a decrease in the positioning accuracy. Seriously, when the waste chips are wound too tightly, they will hinder the axial feed of the tool, causing deviation in the drilling depth or exceeding the standard of the hole wall roughness, forcing the operator to frequently stop the machine for cleaning, reducing the processing efficiency and increasing the operation risk. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to solve the problem that during the use process, the cutting grooves on the surface of the drill bit of the drilling machine will generate long waste chips during drilling. These waste chips extend upward along the cutting grooves and gradually wind around the surface of the chuck as the chuck and the drill bit rotate, resulting in an increase in the rotational resistance of the chuck and a decrease in the positioning accuracy. Seriously, when the waste chips are wound too tightly, it will hinder the axial feed of the drill bit, causing deviation in the drilling depth or exceeding the roughness standard of the hole wall, forcing the operator to frequently stop the machine for cleaning, reducing the processing efficiency and increasing the operation risk. A drilling machine for machining mechanical parts is provided.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A drilling machine for machining mechanical parts, including: a main body, on which a lifting device that moves up and down with the chuck in the main body is provided, a collecting device for collecting long chips generated during the drilling process is provided on the lifting device, and a crushing device for crushing the long chips therein is provided on the collecting device;

[0007] The collecting device includes an outer cylinder fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lifting device, a guide plate 1 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer cylinder, a connecting column fixedly connected to the bottom end of the guide plate 1, a guide plate 2 fixedly connected to one end of the connecting column, an inner cylinder fixedly connected to the top end of the guide plate 2, a connecting plate fixedly connected to one end of the inner cylinder, one end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder, a cavity is opened on the end face of the guide plate 2, a contact plate is slidably inserted in the cavity, one end of the contact plate is fixedly connected to a spring 1, one end of the spring 1 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity, a ball is embedded at one end of the contact plate, and the ball is rotatably connected to the contact plate;

[0008] Among them, when drilling, the collecting device is in a closed state. At this time, the ball abuts against the surface of the drilling tool in the main body. Under the rotation of the chuck and the drill bit, the cut long chips abut against the contact plate, and under the action of the rotational force, the long chips move outward along the outer contour of the guide plate 2 until the long chips contact the lower surface of the guide plate 1 and enter between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder under the guidance of the bottom contour of the guide plate 1.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: a fixing groove is opened on the inner side of the outer cylinder, a limiting block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and a rotating groove is opened through the outer side of the inner cylinder.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the lifting device includes a lifting groove opened on the side end of the middle spindle box of the main body, a sliding plate is slidably connected in the lifting groove, the top end of the outer cylinder is fixedly connected to an opening and closing plate, an opening and closing groove is opened on the top end of the opening and closing plate, and the bottom end of the sliding plate is slidably connected to the opening and closing groove.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: An installation ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the headstock in the main body, and the installation ring is sleeved on the outside of the chuck in the main body. A separation plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the installation ring, and the separation plate abuts against the top end of the inner cylinder during the upward movement of the inner cylinder.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: The lifting device further includes a fixed ring rotatably connected to the fixed groove, and one side of the fixed ring abuts against the limiting block. A first spring telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed ring, and one end of the first spring telescopic rod penetrates through the rotating groove and is fixedly connected to the outside of the chuck in the main body. A limiting block is fixedly connected to the top end of the fixed ring. A limiting insertion block is slidably inserted into the outside of the outer cylinder, and the front end of the limiting insertion block penetrates through the outer cylinder and the fixed groove. One end of the limiting insertion block is fixedly connected to a second spring, and one end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the outside of the outer cylinder.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: The crushing device includes a fixing plate fixedly connected to one end of the spring telescopic rod. A second spring telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fixing plate, and one end of the second spring telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a crushing plate.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: The crushing device further includes a guiding groove opened on the outside of the inner cylinder. One end of the crushing plate is fixedly connected to a guiding block, and the guiding block is slidably inserted into the guiding groove. A reset groove is opened on the outside of the inner cylinder, and the reset groove is communicated with the guiding groove.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: A crushing block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the crushing plate. A crushing groove is opened at the top end of the first guiding plate, and the crushing block is adapted to the crushing groove. A discharge groove is penetrated and opened on the outside of the outer cylinder.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. In the present invention, the automatic opening and closing control of the collection device is realized through the lifting device, significantly improving the convenience and reliability of the operation of the drilling machine. The cooperation of the T-shaped lifting groove and the sliding plate provides stable vertical guidance, avoiding the deviation of the collection device. The inclined surface structure of the separation plate and the elastic linkage of the spring telescopic rod ensure that the inner cylinder automatically fits when the chuck moves downward and separates smoothly when moving upward, completing the state switch without manual intervention. The configuration of the elastic element not only reduces the mechanical loss caused by rigid collision but also prolongs the service life of the components through the buffering effect, providing convenience for the operator to quickly replace the tool, effectively shortening the auxiliary time, and improving the processing efficiency;

[0018] 2. In the present invention, through the double-layer annular structure of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder in the collection device, combined with the octagonal bottom surface of the first guide plate and the J-shaped cross-section of the second guide plate, the directional collection of long chips is achieved. The abutting plate is dynamically attached to the surface of the rotating tool through the first spring and the ball, which not only reduces frictional losses but also automatically adjusts the gap according to the tool size, ensuring that chips do not leak into the annular cavity. The inclined guiding surface of the first guide plate cooperates with the C-shaped contour of the inner cylinder, enabling the long chips to slide into the collection area along a predetermined path, avoiding entanglement with the chuck or the tool;

[0019] 3. In the present invention, through the design of the rotating kinetic energy of the chuck and the spiral guiding groove in the crushing device, the automatic crushing and discharging of long chips are realized, effectively reducing manual intervention and improving the machining continuity. The cooperation between the spiral guiding groove and the reset groove causes the crushing plate to periodically press down when rotating with the chuck, and the long chips are crushed through the shearing action between the crushing block and the crushing groove without the need for an additional driving device. The elastic buffer structure of the spring telescopic rod can adapt to long chips of different thicknesses, avoiding rigid impact damage to components and ensuring the stability and reliability of the crushing action. The crushed debris quickly discharges along the inclined surface of the guide plate towards the discharge groove, preventing accumulation and blockage. In combination with the closed environment of the collection device, the frequency of shutdown for cleaning is significantly reduced, and the automated machining ability of the drill press is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the overall structure of a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the drilling state of the overall structure of a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collection device in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a sectional view of the structure of the collection device in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding plate in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding plate in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first spring telescopic rod in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limit insert block in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a crushing device in a drill press for machining mechanical parts according to the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1, main body; 2, lifting device; 21, lifting groove; 22, mounting ring; 23, separating plate; 24, sliding plate; 25, opening and closing plate; 26, opening and closing groove; 27, fixing ring; 28, first spring telescopic rod; 29, limiting block; 210, limiting insertion block; 211, second spring; 3, collecting device; 31, outer cylinder; 32, first guiding plate; 33, connecting column; 34, second guiding plate; 35, inner cylinder; 36, connecting plate; 37, cavity; 38, abutting plate; 39, ball; 310, first spring; 311, fixing groove; 312, rotating groove; 313, limiting block; 4, crushing device; 41, fixing plate; 42, second spring telescopic rod; 43, crushing plate; 44, guiding block; 45, guiding groove; 46, reset groove; 47, crushing block; 48, crushing groove; 49, discharging groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. The embodiments of the present invention will be described below according to the overall structure of the present invention.

[0032] Refer to Figures 1 to 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a drilling machine for machining mechanical parts includes: a main body 1, a lifting device 2 provided on the main body 1 and moving up and down with the chuck in the main body 1, a collecting device 3 provided on the lifting device 2 for collecting long chips generated during the drilling process. When the lifting device 2 is in the initial position, the collecting device 3 is in an open state, exposing the chuck and the tool in the main body 1. When drilling, as the lifting device 2 moves down with the chuck in the main body 1 and drives the collecting device 3 to move down, the collecting device 3 becomes a closed state, wrapping the chuck in the main body 1 therein. A crushing device 4 for crushing the long chips therein is provided on the collecting device 3.

[0033] Refer to Figures 3 to 4, the collecting device 3 includes an outer cylinder 31 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lifting device 2. A first guide plate 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer cylinder 31. The first guide plate 32 is semi-circular, and its side view is in a V shape. A connecting column 33 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first guide plate 32. One end of the connecting column 33 is fixedly connected to a second guide plate 34. The cross-section of the second guide plate 34 is J-shaped. An inner cylinder 35 is fixedly connected to the top end of the second guide plate 34. One end of the inner cylinder 35 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 36. One end of the connecting plate 36 is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder 31. The outer cylinder 31, the first guide plate 32, the second guide plate 34, and the inner cylinder 35 are all C-shaped. The top views of the outer cylinder 31, the first guide plate 32, the connecting column 33, the second guide plate 34, the inner cylinder 35, and the connecting plate 36 are concave-shaped. A cavity 37 is formed on the end face of the second guide plate 34. There are two groups of cavities 37, which are evenly distributed on the end face of the J-shaped second guide plate 34. A contact plate 38 is slidably inserted into each cavity 37. One end of the contact plate 38 is fixedly connected to a first spring 310. There are two groups of first springs 310, which are symmetrically distributed at one end of the contact plate 38. One end of the first spring 310 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity 37. A ball 39 is embedded at one end of the contact plate 38, and the ball 39 is rotatably connected to the contact plate 38. There are three groups of balls 39, which are evenly distributed on the end face of the contact plate 38. A fixing groove 311 is formed on the inner side of the outer cylinder 31. A limiting block 313 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 31. There are two groups of limiting blocks 313 in each outer cylinder 31. A rotating groove 312 is formed through the outer side of the inner cylinder 35. There are two groups of outer cylinders 31 and inner cylinders 35, which are symmetrically distributed on the outside of the chuck in the main body 1. The fixing grooves 311 and the rotating grooves 312 in the two groups of outer cylinders 31 and inner cylinders 35 are respectively communicated. When the chuck moves downward for drilling, the sliding plate 24 drives the outer cylinder 31, the first guide plate 32 and other components to move downward synchronously along the lifting groove 21. The top end inside the inner cylinder 35 gradually disengages from the inclined surface limit of the separation plate 23. The first spring telescopic rod 28 in the initial contraction state restores to its original length due to the loss of the contact limit and relies on the internal spring elasticity. The two symmetrically distributed inner cylinders 35 are pulled towards the center of the chuck through the fixing ring 27 and form a closed annular structure with the outer cylinder 31 through the connecting plate 36 to wrap the chuck. During the drilling process, the long chips generated by the cutting of the tool extend upward along the cutting groove and contact the contact plate 38 on the end face of the second guide plate 34. Under the rotational guidance of the ball 39 and the centrifugal force of the tool, the long chips slide into the annular area between the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35 along the J-shaped outer contour and the V-shaped first guide plate 32. When the chuck moves upward to reset, the inclined surface of the separation plate 23 pushes the inner cylinder 35 to move outward, and the first spring telescopic rod 28 is stretched. The collecting device 3 separates and opens, exposing the chuck and the tool.

[0034] Adopting the above solution: Through the cooperation and guidance of the abutting plate 38 and the ball 39 in the collecting device 3, combined with the contour design of the second guide plate 34 and the first guide plate 32, the long chips are accurately guided into the collecting area, effectively preventing the waste chips from winding around the surface of the chuck and avoiding problems such as positioning deviation and poor feeding caused by the accumulation of waste chips.

[0035] Refer to Figures 5 to 8The lifting device 2 includes a lifting groove 21 opened at the side end of the spindle box in the main body 1. The cross-section of the lifting groove 21 is T-shaped, and two groups of lifting grooves 21 are arranged, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the spindle box in the main body 1. A group of sliding plates 24 are slidably connected in each group of lifting grooves 21, and a group of avoidance grooves are opened on each group of sliding plates 24. A group of opening and closing plates 25 are fixedly connected to the top of each group of outer cylinders 31. The opening and closing plates 25 are semicircular, and their sizes are adapted to the outer cylinders 31. A group of exposure grooves are opened at the top of each group of opening and closing plates 25 to expose the top of the inner cylinder 35. A group of opening and closing grooves 26 are opened at the top of each group of opening and closing plates 25. The bottom end of each group of sliding plates 24 is slidably connected to a group of opening and closing grooves 26. The outer side of the spindle box in the main body 1 is fixedly connected to a mounting ring 22, and the mounting ring 22 is sleeved on the outer side of the chuck in the main body 1. The outer side of the mounting ring 22 is fixedly connected to a separation plate 23, and the separation plate 23 is provided with two groups of symmetrical The separating plate 23 is distributed on both sides of the mounting ring 22. The cross section of the separating plate 23 is a right triangle, and its inclined surface is located above the inner cylinder 35. The avoiding groove on the sliding plate 24 is adapted to the separating plate 23. When the separating plate 23 moves upward in the inner cylinder 35, the inner top of the inner cylinder 35 abuts against the inclined surface of the separating plate 23, so that the two groups of fitted inner cylinders 35 are separated. The lifting device 2 also includes a fixing ring 27 rotatably connected to the fixing groove 311, and one side of the fixing ring 27 abuts against the limiting block 313. A spring telescopic rod 28 is fixedly connected inside the fixing ring 27, and one end of the spring telescopic rod 28 passes through the rotating groove 312 and is fixedly connected to the outer side of the chuck in the main body 1. The spring telescopic rod 28 consists of a telescopic rod and a spring inside it. In the initial state, the spring telescopic rod 28 is in a retracted state, and the top height of the limiting block 313 is lower than the bottom end of the spring telescopic rod 28. A group of fixing rings 27 is arranged in each group of fixing grooves 311. A group of limit blocks 29 are fixedly connected to the top of each group of fixing rings 27. The limit blocks 29 are arranged in the fixing grooves 311. The outer side of the outer cylinder 31 is slidably plugged with the limit plug 210, and the front end of the limit plug 210 passes through the outer cylinder 31 and the fixing grooves 311. The limit plug 210 is T-shaped, and the penetration end of the limit plug 210 is an arc surface. The contact surface between the limit block 29 and the limit plug 210 is an arc surface. One end of the limit plug 210 is fixedly connected with a spring 211, and one end of the spring 211 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the outer cylinder 31. Two groups of springs 211 are arranged, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the limit plug 210. When the chuck in the main body 1 moves downward to perform the drilling operation, the sliding plate 24 installed in the two groups of T-shaped lifting grooves 21 at the side end of the spindle box moves downward synchronously with the chuck, and its bottom end is slidably connected with the opening and closing groove 26 at the top of the opening and closing plate 25, driving the outer cylinder 31, the guide plate 32 and other collecting device 3 parts to move downward. At this time, the mounting ring 22 on the outside of the spindle box moves downward with the chuck, and the right-angled triangular separation plates 23 symmetrically distributed on its outside gradually break away from contact with the inner top of the inner cylinder 35. The spring telescopic rod 28 in the initial contraction state loses the abutment restriction of the separation plate 23 and relies on the internal spring elastic force to restore its original length.Pull the inner cylinders 35 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the chuck towards the center by means of the fixing ring 27. The inner cylinders rotate under the limit of the limit block 313 while fitting the fixing ring 27. The top limit block 29 pushes the limit insertion block 210 to slide outwards, releasing the locking between the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35. Finally, the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35 form a closed structure through the connecting plate 36 to wrap the chuck.

[0036] Adopt the above solution: With the lifting device 2, the opening and closing state of the collecting device 3 can be automatically switched up and down with the chuck without manual operation. During drilling, it quickly closes to wrap the chuck, and when resetting, it synchronously opens to expose the tool, reducing the auxiliary time and realizing the continuity of the processing flow.

[0037] Refer to Figures 8 to 9, the crushing device 4 includes a fixing plate 41 fixedly connected to the side end of the first spring telescopic rod 28. There are two groups of fixing plates 41, and each group of fixing plates 41 is fixedly connected to the two first spring telescopic rods 28. A second spring telescopic rod 42 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fixing plate 41. One end of the second spring telescopic rod 42 is fixedly connected to a crushing plate 43. The crushing plate 43 is in an inclined state, and the bottom surface of the crushing plate 43 is adapted to the top surface of the first guide plate 32. The second spring telescopic rod 42 is composed of a telescopic rod and a spring inside it. In the initial state, the second spring telescopic rod 42 is in a contracted state, and the lengths of the two second spring telescopic rods 42 are different. The crushing device 4 further includes a guide groove 45 opened on the outer side of the inner cylinder 35. The guide groove 45 is spiral and wound around the outer side of the inner cylinder 35. One end of the crushing plate 43 is fixedly connected to a guide block 44. The guide block 44 is slidably inserted into the guide groove 45. During rotation, the guide block 44 is pushed downward along the guide groove 45. A reset groove 46 is opened on the outer side of the inner cylinder 35, and the reset groove 46 is communicated with the guide groove 45. There is a group of reset grooves 46 on the outer side of each inner cylinder 35. There are two groups of guide grooves 45, and each group of guide grooves 45 is communicated with the two reset grooves 46. A plurality of crushing blocks 47 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the crushing plate 43. The crushing blocks 47 are arranged in multiple groups and are evenly distributed at the bottom end of the crushing plate 43. A plurality of crushing grooves 48 are opened at the top end of the first guide plate 32. The crushing grooves 48 are arranged in multiple groups and are evenly distributed at the top end of the first guide plate 32, and the crushing blocks 47 are adapted to the crushing grooves 48. A plurality of discharge grooves 49 are opened through the outer side of each outer cylinder 31. The discharge grooves 49 are arranged above the connection between the first guide plate 32 and the outer cylinder 31. When the chuck rotates to perform drilling, the first spring telescopic rod 28 fixedly connected to the outer side of the chuck rotates synchronously with the chuck, driving the fixing plate 41 to rotate around the axis of the chuck. The second spring telescopic rod 42 at the bottom end of the fixing plate 41 is connected to the crushing plate 43, and the guide block 44 at one end of it is slidably inserted into the spiral guide groove 45 on the outer side of the inner cylinder 35. The spiral track of the guide groove 45 forces the guide block 44 to move downward along the groove, stretching the second spring telescopic rod 42 and driving the crushing plate 43 to tilt and press downward. The bottom surface of the crushing plate 43 is adapted to the top surface of the first guide plate 32, and the multiple crushing blocks 47 at the bottom end gradually insert into the crushing grooves 48 at the top end of the first guide plate 32, crushing the long chips between the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35 through a shearing action. When the guide block 44 moves to the end of the guide groove 45 and enters the reset groove 46 communicated with it, it is no longer restricted by the spiral track. The second spring telescopic rod 42 relies on the elastic force of the internal spring to restore its original length, driving the guide block 44 and the crushing plate 43 to move upward along the reset groove 46 to the initial position. As the chuck continues to rotate, the guide block 44 continuously repeats the cycle track of pressing downward along the guide groove 45 for crushing and resetting through the reset groove 46. The crushed debris, under the guidance of gravity and the inclination angle of the first guide plate 32, is discharged from the discharge groove 49 on the outer side of the outer cylinder 31 into the collection device 3 and falls into the chip collection system of the machine tool.

[0038] Adopting the above solution: Without an additional power source, the crushing device 4 directly utilizes the rotational kinetic energy of the chuck to drive the crushing action. Through the cooperation of the spiral guiding groove 45 and the reset groove 46, the periodic pressing down and reset of the crushing plate 43 are realized, automatically cutting the long chips into debris and reducing manual intervention.

[0039] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: When the chuck in the main body 1 moves downward to perform a drilling operation, the sliding plate 24 of the lifting device 2 synchronously moves downward along the lifting groove 21 on the side end of the headstock, driving the components of the collection device 3 such as the outer cylinder 31 and the first guide plate 32 downward through the opening and closing groove 26 on the opening and closing plate 25. During the downward movement, the inner side top end of the inner cylinder 35 gradually separates from the inclined surface of the separation plate 23. When its inclined surface is completely separated from the top end of the inner cylinder 35, the first spring telescopic rod 28, which is in a contracted state in the initial state, begins to restore its original length by relying on the elastic force of the internal spring due to the loss of the abutment restriction of the separation plate 23, and pulls the inner cylinder 35 towards the center of the chuck through the fixed ring 27. As the first spring telescopic rod 28 gradually restores to its original length, the two groups of inner cylinders 35 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the chuck gradually fit together, forming a closed structure with the outer cylinder 31 through the connecting plate 36, completely wrapping the chuck. During the drilling process, the long chips generated by the rotation and cutting of the tool extend upward along the cutting groove. When they contact the abutting plate 38, under the action of the centrifugal force of the tool rotation, the long chips slide outward along the J-shaped outer contour of the second guide plate 34 until they contact the lower surface of the inverted V-shaped of the first guide plate 32. Subsequently, under the guidance of the bottom contour of the first guide plate 32, the long chips smoothly enter the annular area between the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35, avoiding entanglement on the surface of the chuck. During the process of the collection device 3 collecting waste chips, the rotation of the chuck causes the first spring telescopic rod 28 to drive the fixed plate 41 to rotate around the axis of the chuck, so that the guide block 44 at one end of the crushing plate 43 slides along the spiral guide groove 45 on the outer side of the inner cylinder 35. The spiral trajectory of the guide groove 45 forces the guide block 44 to move downward, and drives the second spring telescopic rod 42 to extend, so that the crushing plate 43 is tilted downward until the guide block 44 enters the reset groove 46 and is no longer restricted by the guide groove 45, causing the second spring telescopic rod 42 to restore its original length, driving the guide block 44 and the crushing plate 43 to move upward along the reset groove 46, and restoring the guide block 44 and the crushing plate 43 to their initial positions. After that, as the rotation continues, the movement trajectory is continuously repeated to crush the long chips cyclically. Since the bottom surface of the crushing plate 43 is adapted to the top surface of the first guide plate 32, multiple groups of crushing blocks 47 at the bottom gradually insert into the crushing grooves 48 at the top of the first guide plate 32, and the long chips between the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35 are crushed through the shearing action. The crushed debris, under the action of gravity and the inclination angle of the first guide plate 32, is discharged from the discharge groove 49 on the outer side of the outer cylinder 31 from the collection device 3 and falls into the chip collection system of the machine tool. During this process, the fixed ring 27 rotates under the limiting action of the limiting block 313, and the top limiting block 29 pushes the limiting insertion block 210 on the outer side of the outer cylinder 31 to slide outward, compressing the second spring 211 and releasing the locking state of the collection device 3. When the drilling is completed, the chuck gradually stops rotating until the inertia of the rotation of the fixed ring 27 is less than the elastic force of the second spring 211, so that the limiting block 29 cannot push the limiting insertion block 210 outward, thereby enabling the limiting insertion block 210 to limit the limiting block 29 and restoring the fixed ring 27 to its initial state. After that, when the chuck moves upward to reset,The right-angled triangular inclined plane of the separation plate 23 gradually comes into contact with the inner top end of the inner cylinder 35. As the upward movement stroke of the chuck increases, the inclined plane of the separation plate 23 exerts a lateral thrust, forcing the inner cylinder 35 to move outward. The first spring telescopic rod 28 is stretched and stores elastic potential energy. The two groups of outer cylinders 31 and inner cylinders 35 symmetrically distributed gradually separate under the guidance of the inclined plane of the separation plate 23. The opening and closing plate 25 moves upward with the sliding plate 24 in the lifting groove 21. Finally, the collecting device 3 returns to the open state, exposing the chuck and the cutting tool, facilitating the operator to perform the replacement operation. Through the lifting device 2, the automatic opening and closing control of the collecting device 3 is realized, significantly improving the convenience and reliability of the drill press operation. The cooperation between the T-shaped lifting groove 21 and the sliding plate 24 provides stable vertical guidance, preventing the collecting device 3 from shifting. The inclined plane structure of the separation plate 23 and the elastic linkage of the spring telescopic rod ensure that the inner cylinder 35 automatically fits when the chuck moves downward and separates smoothly when it moves upward, completing the state switch without manual intervention. The configuration of the elastic element not only reduces the mechanical loss caused by rigid collision but also extends the service life of the components through the buffering effect, providing convenience for the operator to quickly replace the cutting tool, effectively shortening the auxiliary time, and improving the processing efficiency. Through the double-layer annular structure of the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 35 in the collecting device 3, combined with the eight-shaped bottom surface of the first guide plate 32 and the J-shaped cross-section of the second guide plate 34, the directional collection of long chips is realized. The abutting plate 38 is dynamically attached to the surface of the rotating cutting tool through the first spring 310 and the ball 39, which not only reduces the friction loss but also automatically adjusts the gap according to the size of the cutting tool, ensuring that the chips do not leak into the annular cavity. The inclined guiding surface of the first guide plate 32 cooperates with the C-shaped contour of the inner cylinder 35, enabling the long chips to slide into the collection area along a predetermined path, avoiding entanglement with the chuck or the cutting tool. Through the design of the rotating kinetic energy of the chuck and the spiral guiding groove 45 in the crushing device 4, the automatic crushing and discharging of long chips are realized, effectively reducing manual intervention and improving the processing continuity. The cooperation between the spiral guiding groove 45 and the reset groove 46 causes the crushing plate 43 to be periodically pressed downward when rotating with the chuck. The long chips are crushed through the shearing action of the crushing block 47 and the crushing groove 48. Without an additional driving device, the elastic buffer structure of the spring telescopic rod can adapt to long chips of different thicknesses, avoiding damage to the components caused by rigid impact and ensuring the stability and reliability of the crushing action. The crushed debris quickly discharges along the inclined surface of the guide plate and the discharge groove 49, preventing accumulation and blockage. Combined with the closed environment of the collecting device 3, the frequency of shutdown cleaning is significantly reduced, and the automatic processing ability of the drill press is improved.

[0040] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling machine for machining mechanical parts, comprising: A main body (1), characterized in that a lifting device (2) which moves up and down along with a chuck in the main body (1) is arranged on the main body (1), a collecting device (3) for collecting long chips generated during the drilling process is arranged on the lifting device (2), and a crushing device (4) for crushing the long chips therein is arranged on the collecting device (3). The collecting device (3) includes an outer cylinder (31) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lifting device (2), a first guiding plate (32) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer cylinder (31), a connecting column (33) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first guiding plate (32), a second guiding plate (34) fixedly connected to one end of the connecting column (33), an inner cylinder (35) fixedly connected to the top end of the second guiding plate (34), a connecting plate (36) fixedly connected to one end of the inner cylinder (35), and one end of the connecting plate (36) is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder (31). A cavity (37) is formed on the end face of the second guiding plate (34), a contact plate (38) is slidably inserted into the cavity (37), a first spring (310) is fixedly connected to one end of the contact plate (38), one end of the first spring (310) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity (37), a ball (39) is embedded at one end of the contact plate (38), and the ball (39) is rotatably connected to the contact plate (38). Wherein, during the drilling operation, the collecting device (3) is in a closed state. At this time, the ball (39) abuts against the surface of the drilling tool in the main body (1). Under the rotation of the chuck and the drill, the cut long chips abut against the contact plate (38), and under the acting force of rotation, the long chips move outward along the outer contour of the second guiding plate (34) until the long chips contact the lower surface of the first guiding plate (32) and enter between the outer cylinder (31) and the inner cylinder (35) under the guidance of the bottom contour of the first guiding plate (32).

2. A drilling machine for machining mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixing groove (311) is formed inside the outer cylinder (31), and a limiting block (313) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (31). A rotating groove (312) is formed through the outer side of the inner cylinder (35).

3. The drill press for machining mechanical parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting device (2) includes a lifting groove (21) formed at the side end of the main spindle box in the main body (1), a sliding plate (24) is slidably connected in the lifting groove (21), a opening and closing plate (25) is fixedly connected to the top end of the outer cylinder (31), an opening and closing groove (26) is formed at the top end of the opening and closing plate (25), and the bottom end of the sliding plate (24) is slidably connected to the opening and closing groove (26).

4. A drill press for machining mechanical parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, An installation ring (22) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the main spindle box in the main body (1), and the installation ring (22) is sleeved on the outer side of the chuck in the main body (1). A separating plate (23) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the installation ring (22), and the separating plate (23) abuts against the top end of the inner cylinder (35) during the upward movement of the inner cylinder (35).

5. A drilling machine for machining mechanical parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lifting device (2) further includes a fixing ring (27) rotatably connected to the fixing groove (311), and one side of the fixing ring (27) abuts against the limiting block (313). A first telescopic spring (28) is fixedly connected inside the fixing ring (27), and one end of the first telescopic spring (28) penetrates through the rotating groove (312) and is fixedly connected to the outside of the chuck in the main body (1). A limiting block (29) is fixedly connected to the top end of the fixing ring (27). A limiting insertion block (210) is slidably inserted on the outside of the outer cylinder (31), and the front end of the limiting insertion block (210) penetrates through the outer cylinder (31) and the fixing groove (311). One end of the limiting insertion block (210) is fixedly connected to a second spring (211), and one end of the second spring (211) is fixedly connected to the outside of the outer cylinder (31).

6. A drill press for machining mechanical parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crushing device (4) includes a fixing plate (41) fixedly connected to the side end of the first telescopic spring (28). A second telescopic spring (42) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fixing plate (41), and one end of the second telescopic spring (42) is fixedly connected to a crushing plate (43).

7. A drill press for machining mechanical parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The crushing device (4) further includes a guiding groove (45) formed on the outside of the inner cylinder (35). One end of the crushing plate (43) is fixedly connected to a guiding block (44), and the guiding block (44) is slidably inserted into the guiding groove (45). A reset groove (46) is formed on the outside of the inner cylinder (35), and the reset groove (46) communicates with the guiding groove (45).

8. A drilling machine for machining mechanical parts according to claim 7, characterized in that, A crushing block (47) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the crushing plate (43). A crushing groove (48) is formed at the top end of the first guiding plate (32), and the crushing block (47) is adapted to the crushing groove (48). A discharge groove (49) is formed through the outside of the outer cylinder (31).

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