Vehicle rear axle and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a rear axle of a vehicle and the vehicle in the field of engineering vehicles. An axle housing main body comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are connected; one end of the pin shaft is connected with the top plate in a fastening mode, the other end of the pin shaft is connected with a shaft end cover in a fastening mode, and the shaft end cover is embedded into the bottom plate. The pin shaft is sleeved with the steering knuckle, the steering knuckle and the pin shaft are arranged in a spaced mode, and the two ends of the steering knuckle are rotationally connected with the top plate and the bottom plate respectively. One end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected with the top plate, the other end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected with the shaft end cover, and the shaft end cover is embedded into the bottom plate, so that force is better transmitted; the steering knuckle on the pin shaft is rotationally connected with the top plate and the bottom plate, after the steering knuckle bears upward bearing reaction force transmitted from a wheel, the bearing reaction force continues to be transmitted to the top plate, the bearing reaction force transmitted to the pin shaft from the top plate is larger, the bearing reaction force is transmitted to the shaft end cover, the shaft end cover pulls the bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are subjected to the bearing reaction force together, and therefore the bearing reaction force is generated. The structure is stressed uniformly, and the fatigue life of the structure is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engineering vehicles, and particularly to a vehicle rear axle and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Container handling vehicles are special vehicles used for the loading, unloading, hoisting of international standard containers, and are applied to the handling work of containers in railways, ports, etc. The steering axle of container handling vehicles is usually the vehicle rear axle.

[0003] The axle housing bears the vehicle body on the top and connects to the tires at the bottom. It is an execution component for the vehicle to move and turn. The axle housing is divided into a drive axle and a steering axle. The drive axle transmits the power output by the gearbox to the tires through the transmission system to drive the vehicle to move; the steering axle drives the tires to rotate through the steering system, forming a certain angle with the advancing direction of the vehicle body to achieve vehicle turning. Some axle housings can achieve both driving and steering functions simultaneously.

[0004] The existing structure is as Figure 4 shown. The steering knuckle 4 is sleeved on the pin shaft 2. One end of the pin shaft 2 extends into the upper bushing 101 of the top plate 11 and cooperates with the upper bushing 101, and the other end extends into the lower bushing 102 of the bottom plate 12 and cooperates with the lower bushing 10. The upper bushing 101 and the lower bushing 102 are respectively connected to the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 through bolt groups. Both ends of the steering knuckle 4 are connected to the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 through bearing assemblies 8 respectively. The wheels on the steering knuckle 4 receive the ground reaction force. After the reaction force is transmitted to the steering knuckle 4, the reaction force is sequentially transmitted to the bearing assembly 8, the top plate 11, the upper bushing 101, then to the pin shaft 2, and then to the lower bushing 102, and finally to the bottom plate 12. However, since both ends of the pin shaft 2 are connected to the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 through the upper bushing 101 and the lower bushing 102, only a small part of the reaction force is transmitted to the pin shaft 2 after the reaction force is transmitted to the upper bushing 101 of the top plate 11, and only a small part of the reaction force on the pin shaft 2 is transmitted to the lower bushing 12. Therefore, the bottom plate 12 bears less force, causing the top plate 11 to bear most of the load, shortening the fatigue life of the structural parts. The load on the bottom plate 12 is very small, and the function of the bottom plate 12 is not exerted, resulting in a low fatigue life of the entire structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vehicle rear axle and a vehicle. One end of the pin shaft provided on the axle housing body is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the shaft end cover. The shaft end cover is embedded in the bottom plate, so that the force is better transmitted, thereby improving the fatigue life of the top plate and the fatigue life of the entire structure.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the following technical solutions are adopted: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle rear axle, including an axle housing body, a steering knuckle, and a pin shaft; The bridge housing body includes a top plate and a bottom plate connected to each other; One end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the shaft end cover, and the shaft end cover is embedded in the bottom plate; The steering knuckle is sleeved on the pin shaft and is arranged with a clearance from the pin shaft, and both ends of the steering knuckle are rotatably connected to the top plate and the bottom plate respectively.

[0007] Optionally, an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the pin shaft, an internal thread matching the external thread is provided on the inner hole wall of the shaft end cover, and the pin shaft and the shaft end cover are threadedly connected through the external thread and the internal thread; A bolt hole is provided on one end face of the pin shaft connected to the shaft end cover, a through hole is provided on the end face of the shaft end cover, and the pin shaft and the shaft end cover are fixedly connected through a fastening bolt passing through the through hole and the bolt hole.

[0008] Optionally, an extension platform extending outward is provided at the edge of one end face of the pin shaft connected to the top plate, and the extension platform is fixedly connected to the top plate through a bolt assembly.

[0009] Optionally, both the top plate and the bottom plate are provided with mounting holes for mounting the pin shaft, and sealing end covers for sealing the mounting holes are provided on both the top plate and the bottom plate.

[0010] Optionally, the bridge housing body further includes a web plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged in parallel and are welded into an integral I-shaped structure through the web plate.

[0011] Optionally, the steering knuckles are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the bridge housing body, and the steering knuckles are connected to the wheels.

[0012] Optionally, a shaft sleeve is further provided between the steering knuckle and the pin shaft, and the shaft sleeve is connected to the steering knuckle.

[0013] Optionally, two bearing assemblies are further sleeved outside the pin shaft, and the two bearing assemblies are respectively arranged between the steering knuckle and the top plate and between the steering knuckle and the bottom plate.

[0014] Optionally, a steering oil cylinder is installed in the bridge housing body, and the steering oil cylinder is connected to the steering knuckle.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle, including the vehicle rear axle described in the first aspect.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: 1. The present invention has one end of the pin shaft fastened to the top plate, and the other end to the shaft end cover, and the shaft end cover is embedded in the bottom plate, so that the force can be better transmitted; the steering knuckle on the pin shaft is rotatably connected to the top plate and the bottom plate, and after the steering knuckle bears the upward support reaction force transmitted from the wheel, the support reaction force continues to be transmitted to the top plate, since the top plate is fastened to the pin shaft, most of the support reaction force will be transmitted to the pin shaft, and since the pin shaft is fastened to the shaft end cover, most of the support reaction force will be transmitted to the shaft end cover, and finally to the bottom plate; after the pin shaft bears the support reaction force, it will pull the shaft end cover upward, and the shaft end cover will then pull the bottom plate to bear the support reaction force together, so that the top plate and the bottom plate are subjected to the support reaction force together, so that the structure is subjected to uniform force and the fatigue life of the structure is improved.

[0017] 2. The present invention arranges a sleeve between the steering knuckle and the pin. When the steering knuckle is driven by the steering cylinder to rotate around the pin, the sleeve can prevent the pin from being worn. The worn sleeve can be replaced, thereby increasing the service life of the pin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rear axle of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a rear axle of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the pin structure of the rear axle of a vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a vehicle rear axle in the prior art in the background technology.

[0019] Description of reference numerals: 1. Bridge housing body; 11. Top plate; 12. Bottom plate; 13. Web plate; 2. Pin shaft; 21. Extension platform; 22. External thread; 23. Bolt hole; 3. Shaft end cover; 4. Steering knuckle; 5. Sealing end cover; 6. Wheel side; 7. Steering cylinder; 71. Tie rod; 8. Bearing assembly; 9. Mounting seat; 10. Bushing; 101. Upper bushing; 102. Lower bushing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific circumstances. Embodiment 1

[0022] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown, this embodiment provides a vehicle rear axle, including a bridge housing main body 1, a steering knuckle 4, and a pin shaft 2. The bridge housing main body 1 includes a top plate 11 and a bottom plate 12. One end of the pin shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the top plate 11, and the other end is fixedly connected to an axle end cover 3. The axle end cover 3 is embedded in the bottom plate 12 of the bridge housing main body 1. The steering knuckle 4 is sleeved on the pin shaft 2 and is arranged with a clearance from the pin shaft. The steering knuckle can rotate around the central axis of the pin shaft 2. The steering knuckle 4 is located between the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 and is rotatably connected to the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12.

[0023] The bridge housing main body 1 is of a long strip I-shaped structure. At both ends of the bridge housing main body 1, a steering knuckle 4 is provided. The steering knuckle 4 is installed in an opening formed by the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 of the bridge housing main body 1 through a pin shaft 2, and the outside of the steering knuckle 4 is connected to a wheel side 6 on the wheel. When the wheel is supported by the ground, under the action of the upward reaction force from the ground, the reaction force is transmitted from the wheel to the steering knuckle 4 and then to the top plate 11. Since the pin shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the top plate 11, the reaction force can be better transmitted to the pin shaft 2. Since the bottom of the pin shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the shaft end cover 3 and the shaft end cover 3 is embedded in the bottom plate 12, when the pin shaft 2 bears the upward reaction force, the pin shaft 2 will pull the shaft end cover 3 upward, and the shaft end cover 3 will then pull the bottom plate 12 upward. Therefore, the bottom plate 12 and the top plate 11 bear the reaction force together. It avoids the situation in the existing structure where the pin shaft 2 is connected to the bridge housing main body 1 through a bushing 10, making the top plate 11 bear most of the load. The structure of this embodiment has uniform stress and improves the fatigue life of the structure. Embodiment 2

[0024] This embodiment provides a vehicle rear axle. On the basis of Embodiment 1, the shaft end cover 3 includes a base and a cylinder. The inner wall of the cylinder is provided with an internal thread that cooperates with the external thread 22. On one end face of the pin shaft 2 connected to the shaft end cover 3, a bolt hole 23 is provided, and an external thread 22 is provided on the side. A through hole is provided on the end face of the shaft end cover 3 to realize the threaded connection between the shaft end cover 3 and the pin shaft 2, and then through a fastening bolt passing through the through hole and cooperating with the bolt hole 23 on the pin shaft 2, the shaft end cover 3 and the pin shaft 2 are fixedly connected. When the pin shaft 2 bears an upward reaction force, it can pull the shaft end cover 3 upward. The cylinder and the base on the shaft end cover 3 are of an integral structure, and the diameter of the base is larger than the diameter of the cylinder. After being embedded in the bottom plate 12, it can better pull the bottom plate 12.

[0025] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, one end of the pin shaft 2 connected to the top plate 11 is provided with an extension platform 21. The pin shaft 2 penetrates from the lower surface of the top plate 11 to the upper surface of the top plate 11, and then is bolted to the top plate 11 through the extension platform 21.

[0026] The bridge housing main body 1 further includes a web 13. The two sides of the web 13 are respectively welded to the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12, thereby forming the I-shaped bridge housing main body 1. Sealing end caps 5 are installed on the outer walls of the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12. One sealing end cap 5 is located on the pin shaft installation hole on the upper surface of the top plate 11, and the other sealing end cap 5 is located on the pin shaft installation hole on the lower surface of the bottom plate 12. The sealing end cap 5 can prevent dust and dirt from entering and damaging the internal parts.

[0027] In the middle of the outside of the bridge housing main body 1, a mounting seat 9 is provided. The mounting seat 9 is connected to the vehicle frame through a mounting shaft.

[0028] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the steering knuckle 4 is sleeved on the pin shaft 2, and there is a gap between the steering knuckle 4 and the pin shaft 2 that allows the steering knuckle 4 to rotate on the pin shaft 2. Bearing assemblies 8 are provided between the steering knuckle 4 and the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12. The bearing assemblies 8 are rolling bearings, including bearing seats, bearing sleeves and rolling elements. The bearing seats are installed on the top plate 11 or the bottom plate 12, the bearing sleeves are connected to the end faces of the steering knuckles 4, and the bearing seats and the bearing sleeves are connected by rolling elements. When the steering knuckle 4 is driven to rotate, the bearing sleeves rotate together with the steering knuckle 4. A bushing 10 is also provided between the steering knuckle 4 and the pin shaft 2. The bushing 10 is connected to the steering knuckle 4 and rotates with the steering knuckle 4 when the steering knuckle 4 rotates. The steering knuckle 4 is also connected to a steering cylinder 7. The steering cylinder 7 is arranged inside the axle housing body 1. When the steering knuckle 4 is driven by the steering cylinder 7, it rotates around the axis of the pin shaft 2, thereby driving the wheel to deflect. The bushing 10 provided between the pin shaft 2 and the steering knuckle 4 is replaceable, which can prevent the pin shaft 2 from being worn during the rotation of the steering knuckle 4. After the bushing 10 is worn, the bushing 10 can be directly replaced, which can improve the service life of the pin shaft 2.

[0029] Both the steering knuckle 4 and the steering cylinder 7 are symmetrically arranged inside the axle housing body 1. The output end of the steering cylinder 7 is hinged to the steering knuckle 4 through a pull rod 71, thereby driving the rotation of the steering knuckle 4 and driving the deflection of the wheel to realize the vehicle steering function.

[0030] During use, the wheel is supported by the ground, and the wheel is subjected to the reaction force of the ground. The reaction force is transmitted from the wheel to the steering knuckle 4, and then sequentially transmitted to the bearing assembly 8, the top plate 11, the pin shaft 2, the shaft end cover 3, and finally transmitted to the bottom plate 12. After the reaction force is transmitted to the pin shaft 2, the pin shaft 2 pulls up the shaft end cover 3, and the shaft end cover 3 pulls the bottom plate 12 to bear the reaction force together, so that the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12 bear the reaction force together, and the axle housing body 1 is evenly stressed, avoiding the top plate 11 alone bearing the load. In this embodiment, the two ends of the pin shaft 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the top plate 11 and the shaft end cover 3. When the mechanism bears the reaction force, the bottom plate 12 and the top plate 11 can bear together, making the axle housing body 1 evenly stressed and improving the structural fatigue life. Embodiment 3

[0031] This embodiment provides a vehicle, including the vehicle rear axle in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. The vehicle rear axle is installed inside the vehicle chassis.

[0032] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and deformations can be made, and these improvements and deformations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle rear axle, characterized in that, It includes a bridge housing main body, a steering knuckle and a pin shaft; The bridge housing main body includes a connected top plate and a bottom plate; One end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected to the top plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to a shaft end cover, and the shaft end cover is embedded in the bottom plate; The steering knuckle is sleeved on the pin shaft and is arranged with a gap from the pin shaft, and both ends of the steering knuckle are respectively rotatably connected to the top plate and the bottom plate.

2. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the pin shaft is provided with an external thread, and the inner hole wall of the shaft end cover is provided with an internal thread that matches the external thread, and the pin shaft and the shaft end cover are threadedly connected through the external thread and the internal thread; One end face of the pin shaft connected to the shaft end cover is provided with a bolt hole, and the end face of the shaft end cover is provided with a through hole, and the pin shaft and the shaft end cover are fixedly connected through a fastening bolt passing through the through hole and the bolt hole.

3. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge of one end face of the pin shaft connected to the top plate is provided with an extension platform extending outward in the circumferential direction, and the extension platform is fixedly connected to the top plate through a bolt assembly.

4. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, characterized in that Both the top plate and the bottom plate are provided with mounting holes for installing the pin shaft, and both the top plate and the bottom plate are provided with seal end covers for sealing the mounting holes.

5. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bridge housing main body further includes a web, the top plate and the bottom plate are arranged in parallel and are welded into an integral I-shaped structure through the web.

6. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steering knuckles are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the bridge housing main body, and the steering knuckles are connected to the wheels.

7. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, wherein A bushing is further arranged between the steering knuckle and the pin shaft, and the bushing is connected to the steering knuckle.

8. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two bearing components are further sleeved outside the pin shaft, and the two bearing components are respectively arranged between the steering knuckle and the top plate and between the steering knuckle and the bottom plate.

9. The vehicle rear axle according to claim 1, wherein, A steering cylinder is installed in the bridge housing main body, and the steering cylinder is connected to the steering knuckle.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the vehicle rear axle according to any one of claims 1-9.

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