Explosion-proof and gas-leakage-proof safe storage container for chemical raw materials

Abstract

The invention relates to the related technical field of containers for material storage or transportation, in particular to an anti-explosion and anti-leakage gas chemical raw material safe storage container which comprises a center cylinder, a material storage cavity is formed in the center cylinder, and a first restraining cylinder and a second restraining cylinder are sequentially and coaxially arranged on the outer side of the center cylinder at intervals. A safety cavity is formed between the first restraining barrel and the center barrel, a releasing cavity is formed between the first restraining barrel and the second restraining barrel in a sealed mode, and a protection assembly is fixed to the top of the center barrel in a bolting mode. Through the coaxial multi-layer structure of the center cylinder, the first constraint cylinder and the second constraint cylinder, a triple protection system of the storage cavity, the safety cavity and the release cavity is formed, and the multi-stage pressure relief mechanism of the main safety valve and the first safety valve and the dynamic volume adjustment of the expansion sealing piece are matched; and pressure abnormity caused by composite working conditions such as bumping, collision and exposure in the transportation process can be effectively handled, and the leakage risk of gaseous chemical raw materials is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to containers for storing or transporting materials, and in particular to a safe storage container for explosion-proof and leak-proof gaseous chemical raw materials. Background Art

[0002] In the chemical industry, due to their own characteristics, dangerous gaseous chemical raw materials are flammable, explosive and toxic, and have high safety risks in the production, transportation and storage links. Traditional storage containers are difficult to meet the requirements, and it is easy to have explosions and leaks of chemical dangerous goods materials in the storage and transportation links.

[0003] After retrieval, a leak-proof chemical raw material storage tank is disclosed in the patent with the patent application number CN202021086660.3. It mainly uses a sealing structure to achieve the purpose of leak prevention, but there are the following deficiencies in actual use: First, the connection between the feed inlet, the discharge outlet and the tank body main body only depends on ordinary welding or the cooperation of a simple gasket and bolts. Under the influence of vibration and temperature changes in the transportation environment, the air pressure inside the storage space of the gaseous chemical raw material will increase, and the sealing part is prone to leakage.

[0004] Second, when storing materials in the transportation state, affected by factors such as temperature fluctuations, the pressure in the tank is likely to rise sharply. However, the above-mentioned patent neither is equipped with a precise pressure monitoring device to real-time feedback pressure data, nor has a reliable overpressure relief structure. Once the pressure in the tank exceeds the bearing range of the tank body, the explosion risk will increase greatly, and it cannot meet the strict explosion-proof requirements of the chemical industry.

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to design a safe storage container for explosion-proof and leak-proof gaseous chemical raw materials that can be stably sealed and safely transported. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve one of the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a safe storage container for explosion-proof and leak-proof gaseous chemical raw materials, including a central cylinder. A storage cavity is arranged inside the central cylinder. A first restraint cylinder and a second restraint cylinder are sequentially coaxially arranged at intervals outside the central cylinder. A safety cavity is arranged between the first restraint cylinder and the central cylinder. A release cavity with a sealed setting is arranged between the first restraint cylinder and the second restraint cylinder. A protection component is bolted and fixed on the top of the central cylinder. The protection component is used to block the top of the storage cavity and form a closed space inside it. The storage cavity is used to store gaseous chemical raw materials. A main safety valve for communicating the storage cavity and the safety cavity is installed on the upper side wall of the central cylinder.

[0007] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the inner side walls of the upper and lower parts of the first restraint cylinder are hermetically screwed on the outer side wall of the central cylinder. The middle part of the first restraint cylinder expands outwards to form the safety cavity, which is arranged around the periphery of the middle part of the central cylinder. A buffer adsorption unit is installed inside the safety cavity. Along the circumference of the shoulder end face part of the first restraint cylinder at the top of the safety cavity, N first safety valves are evenly spaced and installed. When the first safety valves are in the open state, the safety cavity is communicated with the inside of the release cavity.

[0008] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the buffer adsorption unit includes a number of elastic adsorbents stacked from top to bottom. The elastic adsorbents are in a fully expanded state inside the safety cavity. Each elastic adsorbent is coaxially sleeved around the central cylinder, and the outer side walls of each elastic adsorbent are tightly abutted against the inner wall of the first restraint cylinder.

[0009] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the elastic adsorbent includes a number of arc-shaped rubber boxes evenly spaced along the circumference of the safety cavity. Adjacent arc-shaped rubber boxes are fixedly connected by elastic plates. Inside each arc-shaped rubber box, porous activated carbon fibers are filled. The tops of each porous activated carbon fiber are not higher than the tops of the arc-shaped rubber boxes. A number of flow guiding holes are arranged on the arc-shaped side walls and bottom planes on both sides of each arc-shaped rubber box. The porous activated carbon fibers are used to adsorb the gaseous chemical raw materials that overflow from the storage cavity into the safety cavity; among them, the gaseous chemical raw materials are gaseous chemical raw materials.

[0010] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the inner arc surface and the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped rubber box are both abutted against the inner wall of the safety cavity.

[0011] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that, where N≥2 and N is an integer, the safety opening pressure thresholds of each first safety valve increase in sequence; when the pressure inside the safety cavity increases, each first safety valve is opened successively.

[0012] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the number of main safety valves is M, where M≥2 and M is an integer; the safety opening pressure thresholds of each main safety valve increase in sequence; when the pressure inside the storage cavity increases, each main safety valve is opened successively.

[0013] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A number of second safety valves are arranged at intervals along the circumference on the outer side wall of the upper part of the release cavity. When each of the second safety valves is in an open state, the release cavity is communicated with the outside; each of the second safety valves is an intelligent pulse safety valve configured with an alarm.

[0014] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The first restraint cylinder and the second restraint cylinder are integrally formed. An upper flange and a lower flange are integrally formed on the outer side wall of the top and the outer side wall of the bottom of the second restraint cylinder respectively. The top of the upper flange is sealed and abutted against the fixed flange on the outer side wall of the upper part of the central cylinder. The protection component is installed in a sealed fit on the top of the fixed flange, and the upper flange, the fixed flange and the bottom of the protection component are bolted and fixed.

[0015] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The protection component includes a protection cover which is hermetically sleeved on the outer side wall of the upper part of the central cylinder. A connecting flange is integrally formed on the outer side wall of the lower part of the protection cover. The bottom of the connecting flange is sealed and abutted against the fixed flange and bolted and fixed. After the protection cover and the central cylinder are matched, a sealed space is formed inside the material storage cavity.

[0016] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A number of lifting handles are evenly spaced and fixed along the circumference on the outer side wall of the protection cover.

[0017] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A number of limiting grooves are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction on each connecting flange. Limiting teeth are formed between two adjacent limiting grooves. The upper and lower ends of each limiting groove penetrate through the fixed flange, the upper flange and the lower flange; each limiting groove is used for cooperating with the corresponding limiting teeth on the adjacent explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container, and realizing the circumferential locking of the current two adjacent explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage containers in the transportation state.

[0018] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A pressure alarm is installed in the groove at the center top of the protection cover, and the pressure probe of the pressure alarm extends into the interior of the material storage cavity in a sealed manner.

[0019] On the basis of any one of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A number of side reinforcing ribs are integrally formed at even intervals along the circumference on the outer side wall of the second restraint cylinder.

[0020] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: An expansion seal is hermetically installed at the lower part of the storage cavity, which divides it into upper and lower sub-cavities. The expansion seal includes a piston hermetically installed in the storage cavity. The outer side wall of the piston is hermetically abutted against the inner wall of the storage cavity through a plurality of sealing rings. There is a gap between the bottom of the piston and the storage cavity. A plurality of springs are fixedly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the piston, and the bottom of the piston abuts against the bottom of the storage cavity.

[0021] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: Inert gas is filled in the space below the piston and in the release cavity.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through the coaxial multi-layer structure of the central cylinder, the first constraint cylinder, and the second constraint cylinder, the present invention forms a triple protection system of the storage cavity, the safety cavity, and the release cavity. Combined with the hierarchical pressure relief mechanism of the main safety valve and the first safety valve and the dynamic volume adjustment of the expansion seal, it can effectively cope with abnormal pressures caused by compound working conditions such as bumps, impacts, and sun exposure during transportation, reduce the leakage risk of gaseous chemical raw materials, and significantly improve the storage and transportation safety.

[0023] 2. The present invention sets multiple layers of elastic adsorbents in the safety cavity. Through the combined method of guiding air flow through the diversion holes, adsorbing with porous activated carbon fiber, and buffering with an elastic structure, it can achieve efficient purification and pressure buffering of the discharged gas. At the same time, the self-adaptive deformation of the elastic material is used to compensate for impact damage to ensure the long-term sealing of the safety cavity.

[0024] 3. The present invention fills inert gas in the space below the piston and the release cavity to improve safety by achieving a dual safety method of dynamic pressure buffering and inerting dilution.

[0025] 4. The present invention realizes refined control of pressure release (flow rate increasing in a stepped manner) through the sequential opening of the main safety valve and the first safety valve, and is applicable to the storage and transportation requirements of high-risk chemicals in multiple scenarios. Description of the Drawings

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or components are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic top view structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic internal sectional view structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic three-dimensional structure view of the elastic adsorption component of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic top view structure of the elastic adsorption component of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic view of a partial internal structure of the present invention in a three-dimensional state.

[0034] In the figure, 1 is the central cylinder; 2 is the storage cavity; 3 is the first restraint cylinder; 4 is the second restraint cylinder; 5 is the safety cavity; 6 is the release cavity; 7 is the main safety valve; 8 is the elastic adsorption component; 9 is the first safety valve; 10 is the arc-shaped rubber box; 11 is the elastic plate; 12 is the porous activated carbon fiber; 13 is the diversion hole; 14 is the second safety valve; 15 is the upper flange; 16 is the lower flange; 17 is the fixed flange; 18 is the connecting flange; 19 is the lifting handle; 20 is the limit groove; 21 is the limit tooth; 22 is the pressure alarm; 23 is the side reinforcing rib; 24 is the piston; 25 is the sealing ring; 26 is the spring; 27 is the protective cover. Specific embodiments

[0035] Next, embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. The specific structure of the present invention is as Figures 1 - 7 shown in.

[0036] Embodiment 1: An explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container, including a central cylinder 1, a storage cavity 2 is arranged inside the central cylinder 1, a first restraint cylinder 3 and a second restraint cylinder 4 are sequentially arranged coaxially and at intervals outside the central cylinder 1, a safety cavity 5 is arranged between the first restraint cylinder 3 and the central cylinder 1, a sealed release cavity 6 is arranged between the first restraint cylinder 3 and the second restraint cylinder 4, a protective component is bolted and fixed on the top of the central cylinder 1, the protective component is used to block the top of the storage cavity 2 and form a closed space inside it, the storage cavity 2 is used to store gas chemical raw materials, and a main safety valve 7 for communicating the storage cavity 2 and the safety cavity 5 is installed on the upper side wall of the central cylinder 1.

[0037] The present invention forms three layers of pressure protection space, namely, a storage chamber 2, a safety chamber 5, and a release chamber 6 from the inside to the outside, through the coaxial nested structure of the central tube 1, the first constraint tube 3, and the second constraint tube 4.

[0038] The protective assembly realizes mechanical sealing at the top of the storage chamber 2 through a bolted fixing structure, and uses the pre-tightening force of the bolt fasteners to make the sealing surface fit tightly to block the gas leakage path. The main safety valve 7 is a pressure valve. When the pressure in the storage chamber 2 exceeds the set threshold, the valve core overcomes the force of the spring 26 to open and connect the storage chamber 2 to achieve pressure and discharge.

[0039] Specifically, the explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container of the present invention is used to store and store flammable, explosive or toxic gas chemical raw materials. When storing gas chemical raw materials, the storage cavity 2 is used as the storage space, and the top protective component is relied on to achieve sealing and tightening and to achieve the sealing of the inside of the storage cavity 2 to prevent internal raw materials from leaking.

[0040] In view of the high-risk characteristics of flammable, explosive or toxic gases, the storage chamber 2 is used as a dedicated storage space. Its material is selected from corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant alloy materials (such as stainless steel), and the inner wall is polished to reduce gas adsorption and residue.

[0041] The protective component is fixed by a bolted structure with multiple groups of bolts evenly distributed, forming an annular sealing surface on the top of the storage chamber 2. The seal is elastically deformed by the pre-tightening force of the bolts, filling the microscopic gaps on the sealing surface to achieve zero leakage sealing.

[0042] Taking into account the safety of the entire explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container during transportation, the present invention relies on the safety chamber 5 and the release chamber 6 arranged outside the storage chamber 2 and the expansion seal placed at the bottom of the storage chamber 2 to achieve triple protection, effectively ensuring that the leakage or discharge of gas chemical raw materials caused by the increase of internal temperature and pressure due to bumps, light to moderate impacts or exposure during transportation is effectively prevented, thereby effectively improving the safety during transportation.

[0043] When the pressure of the gas chemical raw materials inside the storage chamber 2 increases due to external factors and triggers the pressure warning value, the expansion seal will be continuously pushed downward to expand the upper chamber of the storage chamber 2, while compressing the lower chamber to achieve the purpose of first-level safety pressure reduction.

[0044] When the pressure continues to rise, each main safety valve 7 will be triggered, so that each main safety valve 7 can be opened in turn to achieve the purpose of gradual pressure reduction. The safety valves opened successively can avoid the recoil force and mechanical stress concentration of the container body caused by the instantaneous large flow discharge; the gas discharged into the safety chamber 5 by the main safety valves 7 opened successively will cause the interior of the storage chamber 2 to achieve secondary safety pressure reduction, and the gas chemical raw materials entering the safety chamber 5 will be continuously absorbed by the porous activated carbon fiber 12 to continue to reduce the pressure.

[0045] When the internal pressure of the safety chamber 5 is still relatively high, each first safety valve 9 will be triggered to quickly introduce the excess gas into the release chamber 6 to mix with the inert gas, completing the final safety pressure reduction.

[0046] Multi-layer physical isolation: The three coaxial and spaced cylinders form a mechanical barrier, which can resist the direct damage of the external impact to the storage chamber 2, and at the same time reduce the heat conduction efficiency through the cavity spacing.

[0047] Detachable sealing structure: The bolted fixed protection component takes into account both the sealing reliability and the maintenance convenience.

[0048] Directional pressure relief mechanism: The preset opening pressure of the main safety valve 7 ensures that the pressure is only released directionally to the safety chamber 5, avoiding uncontrolled explosion or jet leakage.

[0049] In addition, under non-pressure abnormal working conditions, the interlayer of the three cylinders can form a heat insulation layer to delay the influence of the ambient temperature on the storage chamber 2, especially suitable for the storage scenario of temperature-sensitive chemical raw materials, indirectly reducing the risk of pressure fluctuation caused by thermal expansion and contraction. In addition, the symmetry of the coaxial structure can improve the anti-rollover stability of the container during transportation, and enhance the mechanical structure reliability through the optimization of the center of gravity distribution.

[0050] Volumetric pressure control: By changing the effective volume of the storage chamber 2, the physical adjustment of the gas pressure is realized, which is equivalent to dynamically adjusting the pressure-bearing capacity of the container.

[0051] Impact energy absorption: In the scenario of instantaneous pressure pulse caused by transportation bumps or impacts, the rapid movement of the seal can absorb mechanical energy and reduce the damage of the pressure impact to the container structure.

[0052] In addition, during the raw material filling process, if there is temporary overfilling, the movable space of the expansion seal can provide temporary volume redundancy, avoiding the release of the safety valve triggered by the initial pressure being too high, and providing the operator with emergency shutdown processing time.

[0053] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the further optimization is: The upper inner side wall and the lower inner side wall of the first restraint cylinder 3 are both hermetically screwed on the outer side wall of the central cylinder 1. The middle part of the first restraint cylinder 3 expands outward to form the safety chamber 5. The safety chamber 5 is arranged around the middle periphery of the central cylinder 1. A buffer adsorption unit is installed inside the safety chamber 5. N first safety valves 9 are evenly spaced along the circumference at the shoulder end face part of the first restraint cylinder 3 at the top of the safety chamber 5. When the first safety valve 9 is in the open state, the safety chamber 5 is connected to the inside of the release chamber 6.

[0054] The first restraint cylinder 3 forms a detachable mechanical connection through the sealing structure between the upper and lower inner side walls and the outer side wall of the central cylinder 1. The structure that expands outward in the middle makes the safety chamber 5 surround the middle of the central cylinder 1 in a waist drum shape.

[0055] The buffer adsorption unit is filled in the expanded area of the safety chamber 5, and the increased cavity volume and the contact area of the adsorption material are used to improve the gas buffering and purification efficiency. When the pressure in the safety chamber 5 exceeds the set value, gas is discharged in a directional manner.

[0056] The sealed screwing design makes the first restraint cylinder 3 and the central cylinder 1 detachably connected, which is convenient for the installation, replacement and maintenance of the buffer adsorption unit, and meets the requirements of GB / T25467 for the maintainability of pressure vessels.

[0057] Compared with the equal-diameter cavity, the structure of the safety chamber 5 that expands in the middle can increase the volume by 20%-30%, and at the same time expand the contact area between the gas and the buffer adsorption unit, enhancing the adsorption efficiency.

[0058] N first safety valves 9 are evenly distributed on the end face of the shaft shoulder, avoiding the air flow eccentric load caused by single-point pressure relief, ensuring the symmetry and stability of pressure relief, and meeting the mechanical balance requirements for valve arrangement.

[0059] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that: the buffer adsorption unit includes a plurality of elastic adsorbents 8 stacked from top to bottom. The elastic adsorbents 8 are in a fully expanded state inside the safety chamber 5. Each of the elastic adsorbents 8 is coaxially sleeved around the periphery of the central cylinder 1, and the outer side walls of each of the elastic adsorbents 8 are tightly fitted against the inner wall of the first restraint cylinder 3.

[0060] The elastic adsorbent 8 is made into an annular structure and stacked in the safety chamber 5 from top to bottom by a coaxial sleeving method. When the safety chamber 5 is not under pressure, the elastic adsorbent 8 relies on its own elastic force to radially press against the inner wall of the first restraint cylinder 3 to form a tightly fitting annular adsorption layer. When the gas discharged by the main safety valve 7 enters the safety chamber 5, the air flow pushes the elastic adsorbent 8 to produce a small radial deformation (compression amount ≤ 5%), increasing the tortuosity of the gas passage path. At the same time, the microporous structure (pore size distribution 1-100nm) inside the porous material captures gas molecules through physical adsorption and inertial collision, realizing pressure buffering and purification. The stacked structure enables the gas to pass through multiple adsorption regions in sequence, forming multi-stage interception and progressive adsorption.

[0061] When the container encounters an accidental tilt (such as the rollover of a transport vehicle), the flexible structure of the elastic adsorbent 8 can absorb the impact energy through deformation, reduce the direct collision damage between the central cylinder 1 and the first restraint cylinder 3, and play the role of a mechanical shock absorber.

[0062] In addition, the detachable feature of the stacking structure facilitates the removal of the adsorption areas layer by layer for individual inspection during maintenance. By comparing the differences in adsorption amounts of each layer, the leakage position of the storage cavity 2 can be located for reference (for example, when the adsorption amount of the bottom layer is abnormally high, it indicates that there may be a leakage in the lower part of the storage cavity 2), enabling rapid fault diagnosis instead of relying on the lagged feedback of overall pressure monitoring.

[0063] The anti-aging property of the elastic material can also extend the service life of the adsorption area, reduce the maintenance frequency, and is suitable for long-term outdoor storage scenarios.

[0064] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The elastic adsorbent 8 includes a plurality of arc-shaped rubber boxes 10 evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the safety cavity 5. Adjacent two arc-shaped rubber boxes 10 are fixedly connected by an elastic plate 11. Inside each arc-shaped rubber box 10, porous activated carbon fibers 12 are filled. The tops of the porous activated carbon fibers 12 are not higher than the tops of the arc-shaped rubber boxes 10. A plurality of diversion holes 13 are provided on the arc-shaped side walls and the bottom planes on both sides of each arc-shaped rubber box 10. The porous activated carbon fibers 12 are used to adsorb the gaseous chemical raw materials that overflow from the storage cavity 2 into the safety cavity 5; among them, the gaseous chemical raw materials are gaseous chemical raw materials.

[0065] When the elastic adsorbent 8 needs to be installed into the safety cavity 5, by manually pressing each elastic plate 11 to make it bend, the four arc-shaped rubber boxes 10 can be gathered together to reach a state where the overall size is smaller than the top opening of the safety cavity 5, facilitating direct installation into it.

[0066] The elastic adsorbent 8 adopts a modular combined structure: The arc-shaped rubber boxes 10 (made of nitrile rubber, meeting the chemical corrosion resistance standard of GB / T20028) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the safety cavity 5, and are circumferentially connected through the elastic plates 11 to form an annular adsorption area with elastic deformation ability.

[0067] Each rubber box is filled with porous activated carbon fibers 12 (with a particle size of 0.5 - 2 mm, meeting the adsorption material standard of GB / T30021). The filling height is lower than the top of the arc-shaped rubber box 10 to avoid the direct impact of the air flow on the carbon fiber bed layer, resulting in pulverization. The diversion holes 13 are distributed on the side walls and the bottom of the rubber box. When the gas is released from the main safety valve 7 to the safety cavity 5, it is discharged from the bottom diversion holes 13 and then enters the next-level adsorption area through the bottom diversion holes 13 of the upper-layer rubber box, forming a three-dimensional adsorption path of lateral diffusion and longitudinal penetration.

[0068] The combination of the arc-shaped rubber box 10 and the elastic plate 11 can withstand radial deformation. When there is transportation jolt or impact, the elastic plate 11 bends and the arc-shaped rubber box 10 undergoes slight deformation to absorb mechanical energy, avoiding the fragmentation of the rigid adsorption structure, and meeting the tolerance requirements of ISO16750-3 for vibration and shock environments.

[0069] The asymmetric distribution of the diversion holes 13 (dense on the side walls and sparse at the bottom) guides the air flow to pass evenly through the carbon fiber bed layer, avoiding the channeling phenomenon caused by too high local flow velocity. At the same time, the flow-limiting effect of the diversion holes 13 at the bottom can extend the residence time of the gas in the box and improve the adsorption efficiency.

[0070] The circumferentially evenly distributed arc-shaped rubber boxes 10 divide the safety cavity 5 into multiple independent adsorption areas, realizing the uniform distribution of the air flow in the circumferential direction; the spatial arrangement of the diversion holes 13 guides the air flow through the adsorption layer, increasing the gas-solid contact area.

[0071] The adsorption capacity of the porous activated carbon fiber 12 for gaseous chemical raw materials is ≥500 mg / g. Through the adsorption of multiple rubber boxes, the concentration of harmful substances in the released gas can be reduced.

[0072] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the inner arc surface and the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped rubber box 10 both abut against the inner wall of the safety cavity 5.

[0073] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that N≥2 and N is an integer, and the safety opening pressure thresholds of the first safety valves 9 increase successively; when the internal pressure of the safety cavity 5 increases, the first safety valves 9 open successively.

[0074] The successive opening mode of each first safety valve 9 is by first discharging a small flow and then supplementing with a large flow in a progressive manner, avoiding the sudden increase in the pressure of the release cavity 6 caused by instant full-scale discharge.

[0075] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the number of the main safety valves 7 is M, where M≥2 and M is an integer; the safety opening pressure thresholds of the main safety valves 7 increase successively; when the internal pressure of the storage cavity 2 increases, the main safety valves 7 open successively.

[0076] The successive opening mode of each main safety valve 7 is by first discharging a small flow and then supplementing with a large flow in a progressive manner, avoiding the sudden increase in the pressure of the safety cavity 5 caused by instant full-scale discharge.

[0077] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A plurality of second safety valves 14 are arranged at intervals along the circumference on the upper outer side wall of the release chamber 6, and when each of the second safety valves 14 is in an open state, the release chamber 6 is communicated with the outside; each of the second safety valves 14 is an intelligent pulse safety valve configured with an alarm.

[0078] The main safety valve 7 that is opened successively makes the amount of discharged gas match the buffering and adsorption capacity of the safety chamber 5, avoiding penetration of the adsorption material due to overload.

[0079] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The first restraint cylinder 3 and the second restraint cylinder 4 are integrally formed. An upper flange 15 and a lower flange 16 are integrally formed on the top outer side wall and the bottom outer side wall of the second restraint cylinder 4 respectively. The top of the upper flange 15 is sealed and abutted tightly against the fixed flange 17 on the upper outer side wall of the central cylinder 1. The top of the fixed flange 17 is sealed and fitted with the protection component, and the upper flange 15, the fixed flange 17 and the bottom of the protection component are bolted and fixed.

[0080] The first restraint cylinder 3 and the second restraint cylinder 4 form an integral cylinder structure through casting or forging processes, eliminating the connection gap of the traditional split structure and improving the overall mechanical properties. The upper flange 15 and the lower flange 16 are respectively used as the mechanical interfaces at the top and the bottom, and are bolted and fixed to the fixed flange 17 of the central cylinder 1 and the protection component through bolt groups at multiple levels: The top surface of the upper flange 15 is sealed and abutted tightly against the bottom surface of the fixed flange 17 to form an annular sealing surface; the lower flange 16 can be used as the bottom support structure.

[0081] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The protection component includes a protection cover 27, the protection cover 27 is sealed and sleeved on the upper outer side wall of the central cylinder 1, and a connecting flange 18 is integrally formed on the lower outer side wall of the protection cover 27. The bottom of the connecting flange 18 is sealed and abutted tightly against the fixed flange 17 and bolted and fixed, and after the protection cover 27 and the central cylinder 1 are matched, a closed space is formed inside the storage chamber 2.

[0082] In terms of process: The protection cover 27 adopts a cylindrical structure, and a sealing groove is machined on the inner wall. It is sleeved on the upper outer side wall of the central cylinder 1 through an interference fit or a threaded connection method to form an initial mechanical seal. The connecting flange 18 is used as the bottom extension structure of the protection cover 27 and is connected to the fixed flange 17 (located on the upper outer side wall of the central cylinder 1) through a bolt group. A metal corrugated gasket or an octagonal gasket can be arranged between the sealed abutting surfaces, and the gasket is elastically and plastically deformed by the bolt pre-tightening force (such as the torque is controlled at 200 - 300 N·m) to fill the microscopic gaps.

[0083] The mating interface between the protective cover 27 and the central cylinder 1 and the flange sealing surface together form a double sealing barrier at the top of the storage chamber 2 to ensure the sealing of the internal gaseous chemical raw materials.

[0084] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that: a plurality of lifting handles 19 are fixedly arranged at equal intervals along the circumference on the outer side wall of the protective cover 27. The lifting handles 19 are convenient for grasping or lifting.

[0085] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that: a plurality of limiting grooves 20 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of each connecting flange plate 18, and limiting teeth 21 are formed between two adjacent limiting grooves 20. The upper and lower ends of each limiting groove 20 penetrate through the fixed flange plate 17, the upper flange plate 15, and the lower flange plate 16; each limiting groove 20 is used to cooperate with the corresponding limiting teeth 21 on the adjacent explosion-proof and leakage-proof gaseous chemical raw material safety storage container, and realizes the circumferential locking of the current two adjacent explosion-proof and leakage-proof gaseous chemical raw material safety storage containers in the transportation state.

[0086] The limiting grooves 20 and the limiting teeth 21 adopt an involute or rectangular tooth profile structure and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the connecting flange plate 18 (including the fixed flange plate 17, the upper flange plate 15, and the lower flange plate 16) to form a toothed interface.

[0087] When multiple containers are arranged for transportation, the engagement of the limiting grooves 20 and the limiting teeth 21 on the adjacent containers ensures the tightness of the cooperation.

[0088] Embodiment 2: Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference of this embodiment is that it further includes the following technical features: Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that: a pressure alarm is installed in the groove at the center top of the protective cover 27, and the pressure probe of the pressure alarm extends into the interior of the storage chamber in a sealed manner.

[0089] The pressure probe of the pressure alarm extends into the interior of the storage chamber through a sealed through hole opened at the top of the protective cover 27 to directly sense the pressure change of the gaseous chemical raw materials. When the pressure value reaches the preset warning threshold (such as 80% of the design pressure), the signal processing module triggers the sound and light alarm (sound intensity ≥ 85 dB, light intensity ≥ 1000 cd), and at the same time sends an alarm message outward through a 4-20 mA signal or wireless transmission (such as LoRa protocol).

[0090] The groove structure (depth ≥ 50 mm, diameter ≥ 100 mm) provides physical protection for the alarm to avoid equipment damage caused by external object impact during transportation.

[0091] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A number of side reinforcing ribs are integrally formed on the outer side wall of the second restraint cylinder at equal intervals along its circumference.

[0092] The side reinforcing ribs, as the auxiliary load-bearing structure of the second restraint cylinder, mainly bear axial compression loads, radial bending loads and circumferential torsional loads to ensure the structural integrity of the container during the entire process of handling, stacking and transportation.

[0093] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: An expansion seal is hermetically installed at the lower part of the storage cavity to divide it into upper and lower sub-cavities. The expansion seal includes a piston hermetically installed in the storage cavity. The outer side wall of the piston is hermetically abutted against the inner wall of the storage cavity through a number of sealing rings. There is a gap between the bottom of the piston and the storage cavity. A number of springs are fixedly arranged at intervals at the bottom of the piston, and the bottom of the piston abuts against the bottom of the storage cavity.

[0094] The core component of the expansion seal is the piston, which is installed in the storage cavity. A number of sealing rings (such as O-rings) on its outer side wall are closely attached to the inner wall of the storage cavity to form a reliable sealing barrier to prevent gas leakage between the upper and lower cavities.

[0095] When the pressure in the storage cavity rises, the pressure acts on the upper surface of the piston, pushing the piston downward to achieve expansion and pressure reduction. Since there is a gap between the bottom of the piston and the bottom of the storage cavity, the downward movement of the piston will increase the volume of the lower cavity, thereby realizing the buffering of the pressure in the storage cavity and avoiding safety accidents caused by excessive pressure. When the pressure decreases, the piston moves upward under the action of each spring and returns to its initial position.

[0096] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: Inert gas is filled in the space below the piston and in the release cavity.

[0097] A positive-pressure inert gas environment can prevent external air from infiltrating into the storage cavity or the release cavity, inhibit the oxidation reaction of gaseous chemical raw materials with oxygen, and at the same time form an air curtain seal for potential leakage points such as the sealing rings of the piston and the welds of the cavity.

[0098] In response to the combined action of mechanical loads (bumping and impact) and thermal loads (sun exposure) during transportation, through progressive protection of mechanical expansion, adsorption buffering, and inerting dilution, the limitations of a single pressure relief device for complex working conditions are broken through. Without external energy or control systems, protection is achieved only relying on pressure difference and physical adsorption and mixing mechanisms, meeting the requirements of ATEX explosion-proof standards for intrinsically safe equipment.

[0099] It has the following effects: Dynamic pressure regulation: The expansion seal realizes the adaptive adjustment of the storage cavity volume through mechanical displacement, responds in advance at the initial stage of pressure fluctuation (when the safety valve opening value is not reached), and reduces the pressure peak.

[0100] Gas purification and buffering: The porous activated carbon fiber layer in the safety cavity intercepts and purifies the discharged gas, reducing the amount and danger of the gas entering the release cavity.

[0101] Inerting and dilution treatment: The release cavity eliminates the explosion risk from the perspective of the three elements of combustion (concentration control) through the inert gas mixing mechanism, and at the same time provides pretreatment for final disposal (such as recovery or harmless emission).

[0102] The triple protection structure constructed by the present invention acts synergistically: Expansion seal (primary protection): The expansion seal located at the lower part of the storage cavity is a slidable piston structure, and is hermetically connected to the inner wall of the central cylinder through a sealing ring. When the pressure in the storage cavity increases, the gas pressure pushes the seal downwards, expanding the volume of the upper cavity (raw material space) of the storage cavity, and at the same time compressing the inert gas or elastic element in the lower cavity (buffer space), absorbing the pressure energy through volume change, and achieving dynamic pressure balance.

[0103] Safety cavity (secondary protection): The gas discharged by the main safety valve enters the safety cavity. The porous activated carbon fiber filled in the cavity adsorbs gas molecules through van der Waals force, reduces the partial pressure of the gas, and at the same time the cavity volume provides a buffer space to delay the pressure rise rate.

[0104] Release cavity (tertiary protection): When the pressure in the safety cavity exceeds the set value of the first safety valve, the gas enters the release cavity through the first safety valve, mixes with the inert gas (such as inert gas) pre-filled in the cavity, and reduces the concentration of combustible / toxic gas below the safety threshold through dilution.

[0105] Specific working principle: The following is the specific use process of the explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container of the present invention, which is described in combination with the filling, transportation, storage and emergency scenarios.

[0106] Filling preparation and raw material storage: Initial state inspection: Confirm that the connecting flange of the protection component and the fixed flange have been fastened by bolts, and the sealing ring is not aged or cracked (by visual or ultrasonic inspection).

[0107] The inert gas pressures in the release cavity, safety cavity and lower sub-cavity of the storage cavity meet the requirements.

[0108] Raw material filling operation: Open the feed valve of the protection component, and inject the gas chemical raw material into the storage cavity through the pipeline.

[0109] During the filling process, a certain gas phase space is maintained in the upper cavity of the storage cavity.

[0110] After closing the feed valve, the pressure alarm monitors the pressure in the storage chamber in real time (accuracy ±0.5%FS). If it exceeds the warning value, the audible and visual alarm will be triggered.

[0111] Safety control during transportation: Container fixing and stacking: A single container is fixed to the transport tanker tray through the lower flange, or is circumferentially locked with adjacent containers through the limit groove and limit teeth.

[0112] Dynamic pressure management: During transportation, if the road surface is bumpy, the piston moves slightly with the pressure fluctuation (displacement ≤10mm), and the inert gas in the lower chamber absorbs the vibration energy, and the pressure fluctuation in the storage chamber is controlled within ±0.05MPa.

[0113] Sun exposure and temperature rise scenario: When the ambient temperature rises above 40°C, the gas in the storage chamber expands, resulting in an increase in pressure. The main safety valve opens in sequence, and the discharged gas is adsorbed and purified through the safety chamber, and then introduced into the release chamber through the first safety valve to be mixed with the inert gas.

[0114] If the pressure alarm detects a sudden increase in the pressure in the storage chamber, the external vehicle-mounted cooling system will be started immediately.

[0115] Pressure test and sealing verification: Close all valves, fill the storage chamber with dry air to 1.05 times the design pressure, hold the pressure for 30 minutes, and detect each sealing surface through the pressure drop method and the soap bubble method to ensure that the leakage rate meets the requirements.

[0116] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; for those skilled in the art of this technology, any alternative improvement or transformation made to the embodiments of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0117] Where the present invention is not described in detail, it is all well-known technology to those skilled in the art of this technology.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container, characterized in that: It includes a central cylinder. A storage cavity is arranged inside the central cylinder. A first restraint cylinder and a second restraint cylinder are sequentially arranged coaxially and at intervals outside the central cylinder. A safety cavity is arranged between the first restraint cylinder and the central cylinder. A release cavity with a sealed setting is arranged between the first restraint cylinder and the second restraint cylinder. A protection component is bolted and fixed on the top of the central cylinder. The protection component is used to block the top of the storage cavity and form a closed space inside it. The storage cavity is used to store gaseous chemical raw materials. A main safety valve for connecting the storage cavity and the safety cavity is installed on the upper side wall of the central cylinder.

2. The explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 1, wherein: The upper inner side wall and the lower inner side wall of the first restraint cylinder are both hermetically screwed on the outer side wall of the central cylinder. The middle part of the first restraint cylinder expands outwards to form the safety cavity. The safety cavity is arranged around the middle periphery of the central cylinder. A buffer adsorption unit is installed inside the safety cavity. N first safety valves are evenly spaced along the circumference at the shoulder end face part of the first restraint cylinder at the top of the safety cavity. When the first safety valves are in the open state, the safety cavity is connected to the inside of the release cavity.

3. The explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safe storage container according to claim 2, wherein: The buffer adsorption unit includes a number of elastic adsorption components stacked from top to bottom. The elastic adsorption components are in a fully unfolded state inside the safety cavity. Each elastic adsorption component is coaxially sleeved outside the central cylinder. The outer side walls of each elastic adsorption component are all tightly abutted against the inner wall of the first restraint cylinder.

4. The explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 3, characterized in that: Among them, N≥2 and N is an integer. The safety opening pressure thresholds of each first safety valve increase in sequence. When the pressure inside the safety cavity increases, each first safety valve opens successively.

5. The explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 4, wherein: The number of the main safety valves is M, where M≥2 and M is an integer. The safety opening pressure thresholds of each main safety valve increase in sequence. When the pressure inside the storage cavity increases, each main safety valve opens successively.

6. The explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 5, wherein: A number of second safety valves are arranged at intervals along the circumference on the upper outer side wall of the release cavity. When each second safety valve is in the open state, the release cavity is connected to the outside. Each second safety valve is an intelligent pulse safety valve equipped with an alarm.

7. The explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 6, wherein: The first restraint cylinder and the second restraint cylinder are integrally formed. An upper flange and a lower flange are integrally formed on the top outer side wall and the bottom outer side wall of the second restraint cylinder respectively. The top of the upper flange is hermetically abutted against the fixed flange on the upper outer side wall of the central cylinder. The protection component is hermetically and cooperatively installed on the top of the fixed flange. The upper flange, the fixed flange and the bottom of the protection component are bolted and fixed.

8. The explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protection component includes a protection cover. The protection cover is hermetically sleeved on the upper outer side wall of the central cylinder. A connecting flange is integrally formed on the lower outer side wall of the protection cover. The bottom of the connecting flange is hermetically abutted against the fixed flange and bolted and fixed. After the protection cover and the central cylinder are cooperated, a closed space is formed inside the storage cavity.

9. The explosion-proof and leak-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 8, wherein: A number of lifting handles are evenly spaced along the circumference and fixed on the outer side wall of the protection cover.

10. The explosion-proof and leakage-proof gas chemical raw material safety storage container according to claim 9, wherein: A number of limiting grooves are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of each of the connecting flange plates. Limiting teeth are formed between two adjacent limiting grooves. The upper and lower ends of each of the limiting grooves penetrate through the fixed flange plate, the upper flange plate, and the lower flange plate; each of the limiting grooves is used to cooperate with the corresponding limiting teeth on the adjacent explosion-proof and leakage-proof chemical raw material safety storage container, and to achieve the circumferential locking of the two adjacent explosion-proof and leakage-proof chemical raw material safety storage containers in the transportation state.

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