Optimization method for coal tar processing technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal tar processing technology optimization, and discloses an optimization method for a coal tar processing technology. The initial temperature of the coal tar raw material is measured through the thermometer, and the target heating temperature is set, so that cracking or decomposition caused by excessive heating is avoided. The setting of the heating target temperature takes into account the thermal stability of the coal tar, and unnecessary side reactions are prevented. In the heating process, a dynamic temperature control strategy is adopted, the heating power is adjusted in real time according to parameters such as temperature and quality of coal tar, and the heating rate is accurately controlled. And the heating process is more stable by introducing an adjusting coefficient and a balance factor. The heating power is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the temperature of the coal tar raw material gradually approaches the target temperature, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. The balance factor and the adjustment coefficient effectively control the stability of the heating process, the quality fluctuation is reduced, and the component loss caused by overheating or non-uniform heating is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optimization for coal tar processing technology, and specifically provides an optimization method for coal tar processing technology. Background Art

[0002] Coal tar is a by-product generated during the coal gasification process, usually containing various organic substances such as benzene, toluene, tar naphthalene, etc., and is widely used in industries such as chemical engineering, metallurgy, and energy. The treatment and processing of coal tar are key links to enhance its added value and achieve resource recycling. Its processing mainly includes technological steps such as fractional distillation, distillation, extraction, etc., for separating different chemical components. However, traditional coal tar processing methods have many technical bottlenecks, restricting the improvement of its processing efficiency and fractional distillation effect. With the increase in coal tar production, the demand for optimizing its processing technology has become even stronger. How to improve the fractional distillation efficiency of coal tar, save energy consumption, and enhance resource utilization rate has become an important research and development direction in current technology.

[0003] The traditional heating process of coal tar usually relies on simple heating power settings and does not have the ability of dynamic adjustment. In this way, during the heating process, the temperature is likely to be too high or too low, resulting in uneven heating of coal tar raw materials and even possible loss of some high-value light components. In addition, the temperature difference control during the heating process of coal tar is not precise enough, easily leading to uneven distribution of temperature gradients inside the tower, affecting the thermodynamic process inside the fractionating tower, and reducing the separation efficiency. The operation control of traditional coal tar fractionating towers mainly relies on statically set flow rate and temperature parameters, lacking real-time feedback control. Usually, the flow rate setting does not take into account the changes in component concentrations inside the fractionating tower and the dynamic changes of steam and liquid, resulting in the fact that during the actual fractional distillation process, the concentrations of light components at the top of the tower and heavy components at the bottom of the tower do not reach the optimal distribution, and the fractional distillation efficiency is relatively low. In the traditional coal tar fractional distillation process, the reflux ratio adjustment relies on manual experience and fixed rules for adjustment, lacking an automatic adjustment mechanism based on real-time data feedback. The optimization of the reflux ratio is crucial for improving the fractional distillation efficiency, but traditional methods cannot flexibly adjust the reflux ratio according to real-time operation parameters, factors such as the pressure difference between steam and liquid, etc., thus affecting the overall separation effect.

[0004] In summary, this case aims to propose an optimization method for coal tar processing technology, which dynamically adjusts operation parameters such as heating power, steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, and reflux ratio through a more precise and intelligent control strategy to improve the fractional distillation efficiency of coal tar. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an optimization method for coal tar processing technology, which helps to solve the problems mentioned in the above background art.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solution: An optimization method for a coal tar processing process, comprising:

[0007] Extract coal tar raw materials from the coal tar storage repository and filter the coal tar using a filter screen;

[0008] Measure the initial temperature of the coal tar raw materials using a thermometer and record it as T0;

[0009] Start the heating device, put the coal tar raw materials into the heating device, and set the initial processing power and record it as P0;

[0010] Obtain the heating target temperature of the coal tar raw materials and record the heating target temperature of the coal tar raw materials as T t ;

[0011] Gradually heat the coal tar raw materials to T through a dynamic temperature control strategy t ;

[0012] The specific dynamic temperature control strategy is as follows:

[0013] Obtain the temperature of the coal tar raw materials at time t and record it as T(t);

[0014] Obtain the mass of the coal tar raw materials put into the heating device of the coal tar raw materials and record it as m, with the unit of kilogram;

[0015] Obtain the specific heat capacity of the coal tar raw materials and record it as C, with the unit of joule per kilogram per degree Celsius;

[0016] The specific dynamic adjustment of the heating power is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] where P(t) is the heating power at time t; t is the time;

[0019] The change in temperature is controlled by the following dynamic temperature control model:

[0020]

[0021] where α is the adjustment coefficient; γ is the balance factor; t′ is the time variable;

[0022] When the coal tar raw materials are heated to the target temperature T t Inject the heated coal tar raw materials into the bottom of the fractionating tower through a flowmeter to fractionate the coal tar raw materials.

[0023] Optionally, when the coal tar raw materials are heated to the target temperature T t Inject the heated coal tar raw materials into the bottom of the fractionating tower through a flowmeter to fractionate the coal tar raw materials, specifically including:

[0024] Turn on the heating device of the fractionating tower and preheat the coal tar raw material to the target temperature T t ;

[0025] Set the target pressure of steam supply to P steam ;

[0026] Adjust the steam source so that the supply pressure of steam reaches the target pressure of steam supply P steam ;

[0027] Set the initial flow rate ratio of the steam flow rate to the liquid flow rate at the bottom of the fractionating tower to γ0;

[0028] The liquid is the coal tar raw material;

[0029] Record the steam flow rate V at the bottom of the fractionating tower every 10 seconds staem and the liquid flow rate V liquid , and calculate the flow rate ratio in real time:

[0030] If the γ calculated in real time deviates from γ0 by more than 10%, the control system automatically adjusts the flow rate:

[0031]

[0032] where k1 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; k2 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient; is the dynamic adjustment amount of the steam flow rate; is the dynamic adjustment amount of the liquid flow rate;

[0033] Monitor and control the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower.

[0034] Optionally, the monitoring and control of the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower specifically includes:

[0035] Starting from the bottom of the fractionating tower, set a temperature measurement point every 1 meter, and set a temperature sensor at the position of the temperature measurement point;

[0036] Obtain the temperature of each temperature measurement point through the temperature sensor;

[0037] Record the temperature of the temperature measurement point at a height of z as T(z);

[0038] Obtain the temperature at the bottom of the fractionating tower and record it as T bottom ;

[0039] Obtain the target temperature at the bottom of the fractionating tower and record it as T bottom,target ;

[0040] Obtain the temperature at the top of the fractionating tower and record it as T top ;

[0041] When performing fractional distillation operation, adjust the heating device so that the following temperature gradient distribution is satisfied inside the fractionating column:

[0042] T(z) = T bottom -k·z;

[0043] where k is the temperature drop gradient, representing the temperature value dropped per meter of height;

[0044] By adjusting the heating power, dynamically adjust the bottom temperature of the fractionating column. The formula is as follows:

[0045] P heat = η·C p ·ΔT;

[0046] where P heat is the power of the heating device; η is the heating efficiency; C p is the specific heat capacity of coal tar; ΔT is the temperature difference, i.e., ΔT = T bottom -T bottom,target ;

[0047] Monitor the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating column, and adjust the steam and liquid flow rates in real time.

[0048] Optionally, the monitoring of the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating column, and the real-time adjustment of the steam and liquid flow rates specifically include:

[0049] Monitor the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column, denoted as C top ;

[0050] Monitor the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating column, denoted as C bottom ;

[0051] Set the target concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column, denoted as C top,target ;

[0052] Set the target concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating column, denoted as C bottom,target ;

[0053] Dynamically adjust the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate through the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] where α1 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; α2 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient;

[0056] Overall evaluate and optimize the fractionation efficiency.

[0057] Optionally, the overall evaluation and optimization of the fractionation efficiency specifically include:

[0058] Obtain the concentration of the light component at a height of z, denoted as C top (z);

[0059] Obtain the concentration of the heavy component at a height of z, denoted as C bottom (z);

[0060] Obtain the total height of the fractionating column, denoted as H;

[0061] Evaluate the overall fractionation efficiency in the column using the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] where E distillation is the fractionation efficiency;

[0064] If is a constant over the height range [0, H] in the column, it indicates a stable and highly efficient fractionation process;

[0065] If is not a constant over the height range [0, H] in the column, it indicates a low fractionation efficiency and the operating parameters need to be adjusted.

[0066] Optionally, the adjustment of the operating parameters specifically includes:

[0067] Obtain the target fractionation efficiency, denoted as E target ;

[0068]

[0069] where k3 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; k4 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient;

[0070] Ensure the maximum optimization of the fractionation process by adjusting the reflux ratio.

[0071] Optionally, the ensuring the maximum optimization of the fractionation process by adjusting the reflux ratio specifically includes:

[0072] Obtain the initial mass flow rate ratio of the reflux liquid to the steam at the top of the fractionating column, denoted as the initial reflux ratio R0;

[0073] The initial mass flow rate ratio of the reflux liquid to the steam at the top of the fractionating column is specifically the ratio when the reflux liquid and steam are first detected at the top of the fractionating column;

[0074] Obtain the pressure of the steam at the top of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as P steam (t);

[0075] Obtain the pressure of the liquid at the top of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as P liquid (t);

[0076] Calculate the pressure difference between the top steam and the liquid of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as ΔP steam,liquid (t):

[0077] ΔP steam,liquid (t) = P steam (t) - P liquid (t);

[0078] Obtain the density of the top steam of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as ρ steam (t);

[0079] Obtain the density of the top liquid of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as ρ liquid (t);

[0080] Calculate the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating tower in real time:

[0081]

[0082] where r(t) is the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating tower at time t; is the reflux ratio adjustment coefficient;

[0083] Carry out reflux ratio feedback adjustment, specifically:

[0084]

[0085] where, is the reflux ratio feedback adjustment coefficient; C top (t) is the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower at time t; is the reflux ratio adjustment amount at the top of the fractionating tower at time t.

[0086] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0087] 1. Measure the initial temperature of the coal tar raw material in real time through a thermometer and set the target heating temperature. This step avoids the cracking or decomposition of coal tar due to overheating, ensuring that the quality and yield of the raw material are not lost during the fractional distillation process. The setting of the heating target temperature takes into account the thermal stability of coal tar, ensuring that no unnecessary side reactions occur during the heating process and avoiding overheating losses. During the heating process, a dynamic temperature control strategy is adopted. According to parameters such as the actual temperature and quality of the coal tar raw material, the heating power is adjusted in real time. In this way, the heating rate can be accurately controlled, avoiding problems of too large or too small heating power. The introduction of the adjustment coefficient and the balance factor makes the heating process more stable, avoiding uneven heating caused by temperature fluctuations, thereby reducing the reduction in the efficiency of the fractional distillation tower or the loss of coal tar raw material due to uneven temperature. Through dynamic adjustment of the heating power, precise control of the heating process is achieved. As time goes by, the temperature control model automatically adjusts the increase or decrease of the power, ensuring that the temperature of the coal tar raw material gradually approaches the target temperature during the heating process, without being too fast or too slow. This method effectively avoids energy waste during the heating process of coal tar, reduces the problem of excessive energy consumption that may occur in the traditional heating process, and improves the energy utilization efficiency. The balance factor and adjustment coefficient in the dynamic temperature control model effectively control the stability during the heating process. Through these refined control strategies, the quality fluctuations caused by sharp changes during the heating process are reduced, maintaining the high quality of coal tar. In the traditional method, the loss of coal tar components may occur due to overheating or uneven heating, while this method effectively avoids this problem through precise temperature control.

[0088] 2. Before injecting the coal tar raw material into the fractionating column, start the heating device of the fractionating column and preheat the raw material to the target temperature. This step ensures that the coal tar raw material has reached the expected heating temperature when entering the fractionating column, thus guaranteeing the stability and effectiveness of the fractionation process. Preheating to the target temperature can prevent low fractionation efficiency or unstable process caused by too low temperature, and optimize the operating conditions of the entire fractionation process. By setting the target pressure of steam supply and adjusting the steam source to this pressure, the steam conditions in the fractionating column are precisely controlled. This adjustment effectively ensures that the steam supply can meet the requirements in the fractionation process, contributing to improving the fractionation efficiency. At the same time, setting the initial flow rate ratio of the steam flow rate to the coal tar liquid flow rate lays the foundation for subsequent flow rate adjustment, ensuring the coordinated flow of steam and liquid in the fractionating column, thereby improving the fractionation efficiency of coal tar. Record the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate every 10 seconds, and calculate the flow rate ratio. If the deviation exceeds 10%, the system will automatically adjust the flow rate. This real-time monitoring mechanism effectively solves the problem of unstable or inefficient fractionation process caused by the mismatch between the steam flow rate and the liquid flow rate. Automatically adjusting the flow rate ratio can ensure that the relative flow rate of steam and coal tar raw material is always in the best state, avoiding energy waste and fluctuations in the operation of the fractionating column, and enhancing the stability of the production process. Monitoring and controlling the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating column ensures a uniform temperature distribution during the fractionation process, avoiding differences in fractionation effects caused by uneven temperature. This control step helps to improve the fractionation efficiency of the coal tar raw material in the column, enabling different components to be separated as expected, thereby improving the purity and yield of the product. By automatically adjusting the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate through the control system, this mechanism reduces the intervention of manual operation and improves the automation level. This not only reduces the workload of operators but also improves the accuracy and consistency of the production process, avoiding errors or operation delays caused by manual operation.

[0089] 3. By setting a temperature measurement point every 1 meter inside the fractionating tower and installing temperature sensors, the temperature changes of each layer inside the tower can be monitored in real time. This precise temperature monitoring can ensure that the temperature gradient inside the fractionating tower meets the predetermined standard, avoiding problems such as incomplete fractionation or unstable operation of the fractionating tower caused by uneven temperature. This fine temperature control helps to maintain a consistent heat distribution inside the tower, ensuring the fractionation efficiency and stability of the coal tar raw material. By dynamically adjusting the power of the heating device, the bottom temperature of the fractionating tower is controlled to ensure that the temperature difference meets the predetermined gradient standard. According to the specific heat capacity of the coal tar and the difference between the bottom temperature and the target bottom temperature, the heating power is reasonably adjusted to ensure that the bottom temperature is stable within the target range. This step solves the instability problem caused by temperature fluctuations, ensures the heating effect during the fractionation process, avoids overheating or insufficient heating, and optimizes the utilization efficiency of thermal energy. Adjust the heating power to meet the temperature gradient requirements, so that the light components and heavy components inside the fractionating tower can be stratified according to the predetermined rules. This operation can ensure that the temperature distribution of different components inside the fractionating tower is within the ideal range, avoiding cross-contamination or incomplete separation of light components and heavy components, thereby improving the separation purity and yield of the coal tar raw material. By monitoring the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the tower, the steam and liquid flow rates are adjusted in real time. According to the real-time monitoring results, the flow rate ratio is automatically adjusted to ensure the coordination of steam and liquid flow rates, avoiding problems such as low fractionation efficiency or unstable temperature inside the tower caused by unmatched flow rates. This dynamic adjustment mechanism improves the operation accuracy of the fractionating tower and makes the fractionation process more efficient. By using an automated control system to adjust the heating power and flow rate, the intervention of manual operation is reduced. This mechanism not only reduces the workload of operators, but also improves the accuracy and consistency of the fractionation process. Automated operation helps to reduce errors or delays caused by manual operation, making the entire fractionation process more efficient and reliable.

[0090] 4. By monitoring the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the column, it is possible to timely understand the component changes during the fractionation process. This monitoring mechanism helps operators promptly detect possible problems in the separation process of light and heavy components, such as incomplete separation or component concentration deviation, and thus take corresponding adjustment measures. This precise monitoring ensures that the fractionating column is always in the best working condition during operation, avoiding problems such as mixing of light and heavy components or uneven concentration. By dynamically adjusting the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate according to the real-time monitoring data, the operating state of the fractionating column can be precisely controlled. This adjustment mechanism ensures that the steam and liquid flow rates always remain within an appropriate ratio range through real-time adjustment of the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient and the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient, avoiding the problem of low fractionation efficiency caused by mismatched flow rates. Through this step, the fractionation efficiency of the fractionating column has been significantly improved, ensuring that different components can be clearly stratified and completely separated in the column. By setting the target concentration of light components at the top of the column and the target concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the column, the concentration targets of each component during the fractionation process can be clarified. This setting helps to continuously track the concentration changes during the fractionation process and make adjustments based on real-time data. By dynamically adjusting the flow rate, the concentration of each component in the fractionating column is ensured to be stable within the ideal value range, thereby effectively improving the quality of the fractionation products and reducing the generation of low-purity components. By comprehensively evaluating and optimizing the fractionation efficiency, every link in the fractionation process can be comprehensively analyzed and optimized on this basis. This systematic optimization measure not only improves the fractionation efficiency of the fractionating column but also reduces energy consumption and improves the overall efficiency of the production process. Through comprehensive evaluation and optimization, it is ensured that the fractionating column can continuously work with optimal performance, reducing energy waste and material losses during operation. By real-time monitoring the concentration and automatically adjusting the flow rate, the operation of the fractionating column becomes more intelligent and automated. During this process, the need for manual intervention is reduced, while the operation accuracy and efficiency are improved. The automatic adjustment mechanism helps operators reduce the operation fluctuations caused by human errors, making the operation of the fractionating column more stable and further improving the production stability.

[0091] 5. By obtaining the light and heavy component concentrations at different height positions and using the corresponding formula to calculate the overall fractionation efficiency inside the tower, the stability of the fractionation process can be monitored in real time. If the fractionation efficiency is constant over the height range inside the tower, it indicates that the fractionation process is stable and has a high efficiency, which provides clear operation references for the operators, ensures the tower operates under ideal conditions, and avoids efficiency degradation caused by improper operation or environmental changes. When the fractionation efficiency is not constant over the height range inside the tower, it indicates that the fractionation process is unstable or the efficiency has decreased. Through this monitoring step, the operators can quickly identify problems in the operation of the fractionation tower and make timely adjustments. Adjusting operation parameters such as steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, or heating power can effectively restore the optimal operation state of the fractionation tower, thus solving problems such as incomplete fractionation or unstable product quality caused by low efficiency. By evaluating and optimizing the overall fractionation efficiency, it can be ensured that the fractionation tower always operates at the best efficiency. Specifically, by adjusting the operation parameters, the fractionation efficiency of each layer inside the tower is balanced, avoiding over-fractionation or under-fractionation in a certain layer, thereby improving the purity and separation effect of the product. This optimization measure not only reduces energy consumption but also improves the product quality and reduces production costs. By monitoring the fractionation efficiency in real time, it is ensured that all operations of the fractionation tower are carried out at the best efficiency, effectively reducing unnecessary energy waste. By adjusting the operation parameters, the fractionation tower can maintain a constant fractionation efficiency, avoiding excessive energy consumption caused by low fractionation efficiency and improving the overall efficiency of the production process.

[0092] 6. By clearly setting the target fractionation efficiency and adjusting the operating parameters on this basis, the precise control of the fractionation process is ensured. Once the target fractionation efficiency is clearly set, operators can adjust relevant parameters such as steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, and reflux ratio according to this target, ensuring that the operation of the fractionation tower always moves in the direction of the target fractionation efficiency. This process makes the fractionation operation more precise and avoids the problem of the fractionation efficiency deviating from the target value. By adjusting the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate adjustment coefficients, the transfer efficiency of energy and substances can be optimized. The steam and liquid flow rates have an important impact on the heat exchange effect and substance transfer rate in the fractionation tower. Reasonable adjustment can ensure that the temperature and substance flow in the fractionation tower reach the optimal state. This not only improves the fractionation efficiency but also avoids energy waste and incomplete substance separation, ensuring that the fractionation tower can still operate stably and efficiently under different loads. The reflux ratio is a key parameter in the operation of the fractionation tower. By reasonably adjusting the reflux ratio, the fractionation efficiency can be effectively improved. Adjusting the reflux ratio helps to improve the separation degree between light components and heavy components and achieve a higher separation effect under the premise of energy conservation. When the reflux ratio reaches the optimal value, the separation effect in the fractionation process is maximized, thereby improving the purity and quality of the product and avoiding the problem of incomplete separation caused by an unreasonable reflux ratio. By adjusting the steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, and reflux ratio in real time, the stability of the fractionation tower can be maintained under changing operating conditions. For example, when encountering fluctuations in the temperature or concentration inside the tower, operators can quickly restore the stability of the operation by adjusting these parameters, avoiding production interruptions or quality fluctuations caused by system instability. This flexible adjustment mechanism significantly reduces the operation risk and improves the reliability and stability of the production process. Reasonable adjustment of the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate can reduce unnecessary energy consumption during the fractionation process. Optimization of the reflux ratio can also reduce the demand for reflux steam, thereby reducing the steam supply. This optimization not only saves energy costs but also improves the economy and sustainability of the entire fractionation process.

[0093] 7. By accurately obtaining the initial mass flow rate ratio of the reflux liquid to the vapor at the top of the fractionating column, operators can provide a precise starting point for subsequent reflux ratio adjustment. This step helps avoid errors during the reflux ratio adjustment process, thus ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the adjustment process. A clear initial reflux ratio provides a basis for subsequent feedback adjustment, avoiding low fractionation efficiency or operational fluctuations caused by inaccurate initial settings. Real-time calculation of the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating column enables operators to dynamically adjust the reflux ratio based on real-time data such as the pressure difference and density between the vapor and liquid. This process effectively solves the problem of unbalanced vapor and liquid flow rates inside the fractionating column, ensuring that the reflux ratio can respond to changes in tower conditions at any time and guaranteeing the stability during the fractionation process. By calculating the reflux ratio in real time, it is possible to timely adjust the operating parameters, avoiding problems such as poor fractionation effect and energy waste caused by mismatched reflux ratios. The feedback adjustment of the reflux ratio ensures the optimal distribution of light and heavy components. When the reflux ratio is not within the ideal range, the reflux ratio can be adjusted through feedback adjustment to make the light component concentration at the top of the tower reach the predetermined target. This measure effectively solves the problem of uneven distribution of light and heavy components, thereby improving the separation efficiency of fractionation and ensuring the stable progress of the fractionation process. By adjusting the reflux ratio, it is possible to avoid situations where there is too much or too little reflux liquid during the fractionation process, ensuring a reasonable pressure difference between the reflux liquid and the vapor, thereby improving the fractionation efficiency. Excessive reflux liquid will cause an excessive burden on the vapor and liquid, resulting in unnecessary energy waste, while too little reflux liquid will lead to poor fractionation effect. By precisely adjusting the reflux ratio, it is possible to ensure that the energy utilization rate and fractionation efficiency of the fractionating column reach the optimal level. The setting of the adjustment coefficient and feedback adjustment coefficient of the reflux ratio enables the reflux ratio to be flexibly adjusted according to different operating conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of the operation of the fractionating column. During the production process, as the raw materials and operating conditions change, the reflux ratio of the fractionating column will be adaptively adjusted, thus ensuring stable operating conditions and avoiding the risks of operation errors or excessive equipment load. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0094] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0095] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0096] Example, referring to Figure 1 , an optimization method for a coal tar processing process, including:

[0097] Extract coal tar raw materials from the coal tar storage repository and filter the coal tar using a filter mesh.

[0098] Measure the initial temperature of the coal tar raw materials using a thermometer and record it as T0.

[0099] Start the heating device, put the coal tar raw materials into the heating device, and set the initial processing power and record it as P0.

[0100] Obtain the heating target temperature of the coal tar raw materials and record the heating target temperature of the coal tar raw materials as T t to avoid pyrolysis or decomposition of the coal tar raw materials caused by overheating;

[0101] Gradually heat the coal tar raw materials to T through a dynamic temperature control strategy t ;

[0102] The specific dynamic temperature control strategy is as follows:

[0103] Obtain the temperature of the coal tar raw materials at time t and record it as γ(t);

[0104] Obtain the mass of the coal tar raw materials put into the heating device and record it as m, with the unit of kilogram;

[0105] Obtain the specific heat capacity of the coal tar raw materials and record it as C, with the unit of joule per kilogram per degree Celsius;

[0106] The specific dynamic adjustment of the heating power is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] where P(t) is the heating power at time t; t is the time;

[0109] The change in temperature is controlled by the following dynamic temperature control model:

[0110]

[0111] where α is the adjustment coefficient, which controls the adjustment rate of the heating power; γ is the balance factor, which adjusts the smoothness of the heating process; t′ is the time variable, which is used for integral calculation;

[0112] When the coal tar raw materials are heated to the target temperature T t inject the heated coal tar raw materials into the bottom of the fractionating tower through a flow meter to fractionate the coal tar raw materials.

[0113] The initial temperature of the coal tar raw material is measured in real time by a thermometer, and the target heating temperature is set. This step avoids the cracking or decomposition of the coal tar due to overheating, ensuring that the quality and yield of the raw material are not lost during the fractionation process. The setting of the heating target temperature takes into account the thermal stability of the coal tar, ensuring that no unnecessary side reactions occur during the heating process and avoiding overheating losses. During the heating process, a dynamic temperature control strategy is adopted, and the heating power is adjusted in real time according to parameters such as the actual temperature and quality of the coal tar raw material. In this way, the heating rate can be accurately controlled, avoiding problems of too large or too small heating power. The introduction of the adjustment coefficient and the balance factor makes the heating process more stable, avoiding uneven heating caused by temperature fluctuations, thereby reducing the reduction in the efficiency of the fractionation tower or the loss of the coal tar raw material due to uneven temperature. By dynamically adjusting the heating power, precise control of the heating process is achieved. As time goes by, the temperature control model automatically adjusts the increase and decrease of the power, ensuring that the temperature of the coal tar raw material gradually approaches the target temperature during the heating process, without being too fast or too slow. This method effectively avoids energy waste during the heating process of the coal tar, reduces the problem of excessive energy consumption that may occur in the traditional heating process, and improves the energy utilization efficiency. The balance factor and the adjustment coefficient in the dynamic temperature control model effectively control the stability during the heating process. Through these refined control strategies, the quality fluctuations caused by the sharp changes during the heating process are reduced, maintaining the high quality of the coal tar. In the traditional method, the loss of coal tar components may occur due to overheating or uneven heating, while this method effectively avoids this problem through precise temperature control.

[0114] When the coal tar raw material is heated to the target temperature T t , the heated coal tar raw material is injected into the bottom of the fractionation tower through a flow meter to fractionate the coal tar raw material, specifically including:

[0115] Turn on the heating device of the fractionation tower and preheat the coal tar raw material to the target temperature T t ;

[0116] Set the target pressure of the steam supply to P steam ;

[0117] Adjust the steam source so that the supply pressure of the steam reaches the target pressure of the steam supply to P steam ;

[0118] Set the initial flow rate ratio of the steam flow rate to the liquid flow rate at the bottom of the fractionation tower to γ0;

[0119] The liquid is the coal tar raw material;

[0120] Record the steam flow rate V staem and the liquid flow rate V liquid at the bottom of the fractionation tower every 10 seconds, and calculate the flow rate ratio in real time:

[0121] If the γ calculated in real time deviates from γ0 by more than 10%, the control system automatically adjusts the flow rate:

[0122]

[0123] where, k1 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; k2 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient; is the dynamic adjustment amount of the steam flow rate; is the dynamic adjustment amount of the liquid flow rate;

[0124] Monitoring and controlling the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower.

[0125] Before injecting the coal tar raw material into the fractionating tower, turn on the heating device of the fractionating tower and preheat the raw material to the target temperature. This step ensures that the coal tar raw material has reached the expected heating temperature when entering the fractionating tower, thus guaranteeing the stability and effect of the fractionation process. Preheating to the target temperature can prevent low fractionation efficiency or unstable process caused by too low temperature, and optimize the operating conditions of the entire fractionation process. By setting the target pressure of steam supply and adjusting the steam source to this pressure, the steam conditions in the fractionating tower are precisely controlled. This adjustment effectively ensures that the steam supply can meet the requirements in the fractionation process, which helps to improve the fractionation efficiency. At the same time, setting the initial flow rate ratio of the steam flow rate to the coal tar liquid flow rate lays the foundation for subsequent flow rate adjustment, ensures the coordinated flow of steam and liquid in the fractionating tower, and thus improves the fractionation efficiency of coal tar. Record the steam flow rate and the liquid flow rate every 10 seconds, calculate the flow rate ratio, and if the deviation exceeds 10%, the system will automatically adjust the flow rate. This real-time monitoring mechanism effectively solves the problem of unstable or inefficient fractionation process caused by the mismatch between the steam flow rate and the liquid flow rate. Automatically adjusting the flow rate ratio can ensure that the relative flow rate of steam and coal tar raw material is always in the best state, avoid energy waste and fluctuations in the operation of the fractionating tower, and enhance the stability of the production process. Monitoring and controlling the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower ensures uniform temperature distribution during the fractionation process and avoids differences in fractionation effects caused by uneven temperature. This control step helps to improve the fractionation efficiency of the coal tar raw material in the tower, enables different components to be separated as expected, and thus improves the purity and yield of the product. By automatically adjusting the steam flow rate and the liquid flow rate through the control system, this mechanism reduces the intervention of manual operation and improves the automation level. This not only reduces the workload of operators, but also improves the accuracy and consistency of the production process, and avoids errors or operation delays caused by manual operation.

[0126] The monitoring and control of the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower specifically includes:

[0127] Starting from the bottom of the fractionating tower, a temperature measurement point is set every 1 meter, and a temperature sensor is set at the position of the temperature measurement point;

[0128] Obtain the temperature of each temperature measurement point through the temperature sensor;

[0129] Record the temperature of the temperature measurement point at height z as T(z);

[0130] Obtain the bottom temperature of the fractionating tower and record it as T bottom ;

[0131] Obtain the target bottom temperature of the fractionating tower and record it as T bottom,target ;

[0132] Obtain the top temperature of the fractionating tower and record it as T top ;

[0133] During the fractionation operation, adjust the heating device so that the following temperature gradient distribution is satisfied inside the fractionating tower:

[0134] T(z) = T bottom -k·z;

[0135] where k is the temperature drop gradient, representing the temperature value dropped per meter of height;

[0136] By adjusting the heating power, dynamically adjust the bottom temperature of the fractionating tower. The formula is as follows:

[0137] P heat = η·C p ·ΔT;

[0138] where P heat is the power of the heating device; η is the heating efficiency, and the value range is 0 - 1; C p is the specific heat capacity of coal tar; ΔT is the temperature difference, that is, ΔT = T bottom - T bottom,target ;

[0139] Monitor the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, and adjust the steam and liquid flow rates in real time.

[0140] By setting a temperature measurement point every 1 meter inside the fractionating tower and installing temperature sensors, the temperature changes of each layer inside the tower can be monitored in real time. This precise temperature monitoring can ensure that the temperature gradient inside the fractionating tower meets the predetermined standards, avoiding problems such as incomplete fractionation or unstable operation of the fractionating tower caused by uneven temperature. This fine temperature control helps to maintain a consistent heat distribution inside the tower, ensuring the fractionation efficiency and stability of the coal tar raw material. By dynamically adjusting the power of the heating device and controlling the bottom temperature of the fractionating tower, the temperature difference is ensured to meet the predetermined gradient standard. According to the specific heat capacity of the coal tar and the difference between the bottom temperature and the target bottom temperature, the heating power is reasonably adjusted to ensure that the bottom temperature is stable within the target range. This step solves the instability problem caused by temperature fluctuations, ensures the heating effect during the fractionation process, avoids overheating or insufficient heating, and optimizes the utilization efficiency of thermal energy. Adjust the heating power to meet the temperature gradient requirements, so that the light components and heavy components inside the fractionating tower can be stratified according to the predetermined rules. This operation can ensure that the temperature distribution of different components inside the fractionating tower is within the ideal range, avoiding cross-contamination or incomplete separation of light components and heavy components, thereby improving the separation purity and yield of the coal tar raw material. By monitoring the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, the steam and liquid flow rates are adjusted in real time. According to the real-time monitoring results, the flow rate ratio is automatically adjusted to ensure the coordination of the steam and liquid flow rates, avoiding problems such as low fractionation efficiency or unstable temperature inside the tower caused by mismatched flow rates. This dynamic adjustment mechanism improves the operation accuracy of the fractionating tower and makes the fractionation process more efficient. By using an automated control system to adjust the heating power and flow rate, the intervention of manual operation is reduced. This mechanism not only reduces the workload of the operators but also improves the accuracy and consistency of the fractionation process. Automated operation helps to reduce errors or delays caused by manual operation, making the entire fractionation process more efficient and reliable.

[0141] The monitoring of the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, and the real-time adjustment of the steam and liquid flow rates specifically include:

[0142] Monitor the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower, denoted as C top ;

[0143] Monitor the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, denoted as C bottom ;

[0144] Set the target concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower, denoted as C top,target ;

[0145] Set the target concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, denoted as C bottom,target ;

[0146] Dynamically adjust the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate through the following formula:

[0147]

[0148] Among them, α1 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; α2 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient;

[0149] Overall evaluation and optimization of the fractionation efficiency are carried out.

[0150] By monitoring the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionation tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the tower, the component changes during the fractionation process can be understood in a timely manner. This monitoring mechanism helps operators promptly discover possible problems during the separation of light and heavy components, such as incomplete separation or component concentration deviation, and thus take corresponding adjustment measures. This precise monitoring ensures that the fractionation tower is always in the best working state during operation, avoiding problems such as mixing of light and heavy components or uneven concentration. By dynamically adjusting the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate according to the real-time monitored data, the operating state of the fractionation tower can be precisely controlled. This adjustment mechanism ensures that the steam and liquid flow rates always remain within an appropriate ratio range through real-time adjustment of the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient and the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient, avoiding the problem of low fractionation efficiency caused by unmatched flow rates. Through this step, the fractionation efficiency of the fractionation tower has been significantly improved, ensuring that different components can be clearly stratified and completely separated in the tower. By setting the target concentration of light components at the top of the tower and the target concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the tower, the concentration targets of each component during the fractionation process can be clarified. This setting helps to continuously track the concentration changes during the fractionation process and make adjustments based on real-time data. By dynamically adjusting the flow rate, the concentrations of each component in the fractionation tower are ensured to be stable within the ideal value range, thereby effectively improving the quality of the fractionation products and reducing the generation of low-purity components. By overall evaluation and optimization of the fractionation efficiency, every link in the fractionation process can be comprehensively analyzed and optimized on this basis. This systematic optimization measure not only improves the fractionation efficiency of the fractionation tower, but also reduces energy consumption and improves the overall efficiency of the production process. Through comprehensive evaluation and optimization, it is ensured that the fractionation tower can continuously work with optimal performance, reducing energy waste and material loss during operation. Through real-time monitoring of the concentration and automatic adjustment of the flow rate, the operation of the fractionation tower becomes more intelligent and automated. During this process, the need for manual intervention is reduced, while the operation accuracy and efficiency are improved. The automatic adjustment mechanism helps operators reduce the operation fluctuations caused by human errors, making the operation of the fractionation tower more stable and further improving the production stability.

[0151] The overall evaluation and optimization of the fractionation efficiency specifically include:

[0152] Obtain the concentration of light components at a height of z, denoted as C top (z);

[0153] Obtain the concentration of heavy components at a height of z, denoted as C bottom (z);

[0154] Obtain the total height of the fractionating column, denoted as H;

[0155] Use the following formula to evaluate the overall fractionation efficiency in the column:

[0156]

[0157] where E distillation is the fractionation efficiency;

[0158] If is a constant in the height range [0, H] inside the column, it indicates that the fractionation process is stable and has high efficiency;

[0159] If is not a constant in the height range [0, H] inside the column, it indicates low fractionation efficiency, and the operating parameters need to be adjusted.

[0160] By obtaining the concentrations of light and heavy components at different height positions and using the corresponding formula to calculate the overall fractionation efficiency in the column, the stability of the fractionation process can be monitored in real time. If the fractionation efficiency is a constant in the height range of the column, it indicates that the fractionation process is stable and has relatively high efficiency. This provides clear operation references for operators, ensures that the fractionating column operates under ideal conditions, and avoids efficiency decline caused by improper operation or environmental changes. When the fractionation efficiency is not a constant in the height range of the column, it indicates that the fractionation process is unstable or the efficiency has declined. Through this monitoring step, operators can quickly identify problems in the operation of the fractionating column and make timely adjustments. Adjusting operating parameters such as steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, or heating power can effectively restore the optimal operating state of the fractionating column, thereby solving problems such as incomplete fractionation or unstable product quality caused by low efficiency. By evaluating and optimizing the overall fractionation efficiency, it can be ensured that the fractionating column always operates at the best efficiency. Specifically, by adjusting the operating parameters, the fractionation efficiency of each layer in the column is balanced, avoiding over-fractionation or under-fractionation in a certain layer, thereby improving the purity and separation effect of the product. This optimization measure not only reduces energy consumption but also improves product quality and reduces production costs. By monitoring the fractionation efficiency in real time, it is ensured that all operations of the fractionating column are carried out at the best efficiency, effectively reducing unnecessary energy waste. By adjusting the operating parameters, the fractionating column can maintain a constant fractionation efficiency, avoiding excessive energy consumption caused by low fractionation efficiency, and improving the overall efficiency of the production process.

[0161] The said adjustment of operating parameters specifically includes:

[0162] Obtain the target fractionation efficiency, denoted as E targer ;

[0163]

[0164] Among them, k3 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; k4 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient;

[0165] By adjusting the reflux ratio, the maximum optimization of the fractionation process is ensured.

[0166] By clearly setting the target fractionation efficiency and adjusting the operating parameters based on this, the precise control of the fractionation process is ensured. When the target fractionation efficiency is clearly set, the operator can adjust relevant parameters such as steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, and reflux ratio according to this target, ensuring that the operation of the fractionating column always moves in the direction of the target fractionation efficiency. This process makes the fractionation operation more precise and avoids the problem of the fractionation efficiency deviating from the target value. By adjusting the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate adjustment coefficients, the transfer efficiency of energy and substances can be optimized. The steam and liquid flow rates have an important impact on the heat exchange effect and mass transfer rate in the fractionating column. Reasonable adjustment can ensure that the temperature and material flow in the fractionating column reach the best state. This not only improves the fractionation efficiency but also avoids energy waste and incomplete separation of substances, ensuring that the fractionating column can still operate stably and efficiently under different loads. The reflux ratio is a key parameter in the operation of the fractionating column. By reasonably adjusting the reflux ratio, the fractionation efficiency can be effectively improved. Adjusting the reflux ratio helps to improve the separation degree of light components and heavy components and achieve a higher separation effect on the premise of saving energy. When the reflux ratio reaches the optimal value, the separation effect in the fractionation process is maximized, thereby improving the purity and quality of the product and avoiding the problem of incomplete separation caused by an unreasonable reflux ratio. By real-time adjusting the steam flow rate, liquid flow rate, and reflux ratio, the stability of the fractionating column can be maintained under changing operating conditions. For example, when there are fluctuations in the temperature or concentration inside the column, the operator can quickly restore the operation stability through the adjustment of these parameters, avoiding production interruptions or quality fluctuations caused by system instability. This flexible adjustment mechanism significantly reduces the operation risk and improves the reliability and stability of the production process. Reasonable adjustment of the steam flow rate and liquid flow rate can reduce unnecessary energy consumption in the fractionation process. Optimization of the reflux ratio can also reduce the demand for reflux steam, thereby reducing the steam supply. This optimization not only saves energy costs but also improves the economy and sustainability of the entire fractionation process.

[0167] The ensuring of the maximum optimization of the fractionation process by adjusting the reflux ratio specifically includes:

[0168] Obtain the initial mass flow rate ratio of the reflux liquid and steam at the top of the fractionating column, denoted as the initial reflux ratio R0;

[0169] The initial mass flow rate ratio of the reflux liquid and steam at the top of the fractionating column is specifically the ratio when the reflux liquid and steam are first detected at the top of the fractionating column;

[0170] Obtain the pressure of the top steam of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as P steam (t);

[0171] Obtain the pressure of the top liquid of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as P liquid (t);

[0172] Calculate the pressure difference between the top steam and the top liquid of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as ΔP steam,liquid (t):

[0173] ΔP steam,liquid (t) = P steam (t) - P liquid (t);

[0174] Obtain the density of the top steam of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as ρ steam (t);

[0175] Obtain the density of the top liquid of the fractionating tower at time t, denoted as ρ liquid (t);

[0176] Calculate the reflux ratio of the top of the fractionating tower in real time:

[0177]

[0178] where R(t) is the reflux ratio of the top of the fractionating tower at time t; is the reflux ratio adjustment coefficient;

[0179] Carry out reflux ratio feedback regulation, specifically:

[0180]

[0181] where, is the reflux ratio feedback regulation coefficient; C top (t) is the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower at time t; is the reflux ratio adjustment amount at the top of the fractionating tower at time t.

[0182] By accurately obtaining the initial mass flow rate ratio of the reflux liquid to the vapor at the top of the fractionating column, operators can provide a precise starting point for subsequent reflux ratio adjustment. This step helps avoid errors during the reflux ratio adjustment process, thus ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the adjustment process. A clear initial reflux ratio provides the basis for subsequent feedback adjustment, avoiding low fractionation efficiency or operational fluctuations caused by inaccurate initial settings. Calculating the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating column in real time enables operators to dynamically adjust the reflux ratio based on real-time data such as the pressure difference and density between the vapor and liquid. This process effectively solves the problem of unbalanced vapor and liquid flow rates in the fractionating column, ensuring that the reflux ratio can respond to changes in tower conditions at any time and guaranteeing the stability during the fractionation process. By calculating the reflux ratio in real time, it is possible to adjust the operating parameters in a timely manner, avoiding problems such as poor fractionation effect and energy waste caused by mismatched reflux ratios. The feedback adjustment of the reflux ratio ensures the optimal distribution of light and heavy components. When the reflux ratio is outside the ideal range, the reflux ratio can be adjusted through feedback adjustment to achieve the predetermined target for the light component concentration at the top of the tower. This measure effectively solves the problem of uneven distribution of light and heavy components, thereby improving the separation efficiency of fractionation and ensuring the stable progress of the fractionation process. By adjusting the reflux ratio, it is possible to avoid situations of excessive or insufficient reflux liquid during the fractionation process, ensuring a reasonable pressure difference between the reflux liquid and the vapor, and thus improving the fractionation efficiency. Excessive reflux liquid will cause an excessive burden on the vapor and liquid, resulting in unnecessary energy waste, while insufficient reflux liquid will lead to poor fractionation effect. By precisely adjusting the reflux ratio, it is possible to ensure that the energy utilization rate and fractionation efficiency of the fractionating column reach the optimal level. The setting of the adjustment coefficient and feedback adjustment coefficient of the reflux ratio enables the reflux ratio to be flexibly adjusted according to different operating conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of the operation of the fractionating column. During the production process, as the raw materials and operating conditions change, the reflux ratio of the fractionating column will be adjusted adaptively, thus ensuring stable operating conditions and avoiding the risks of operational errors or overloading of equipment.

[0183] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0184] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimization method for coal tar processing technology, characterized in that, Including: Extract the coal tar raw material from the coal tar storage repository and filter the coal tar using a filter screen; Measure the initial temperature of the coal tar raw material using a thermometer and denote it as T0; Start the heating device, put the coal tar raw material into the heating device, and set the initial processing power and denote it as P0; Obtain the heating target temperature of the coal tar raw material, and denote the heating target temperature of the coal tar raw material as T t ; Gradually heat the coal tar raw material to T through a dynamic temperature control strategy t ; The specific dynamic temperature control strategy is as follows: Obtain the temperature of the coal tar raw material at time t and denote it as T(t); Obtain the mass of the coal tar raw material put into the heating device of the coal tar raw material, denote it as m, with the unit of kilogram; Obtain the specific heat capacity of the coal tar raw material, denote it as C, with the unit of joule per kilogram per degree Celsius; The specific dynamic adjustment of the heating power is as follows: Wherein, P(t) is the heating power at time t; t is the time; The change of temperature is controlled by the following dynamic temperature control model: Wherein, α is the adjustment coefficient; γ is the balance factor; t′ is the time variable; When the coal tar raw material is heated to the target temperature T t When it reaches this temperature, the heated coal tar raw material is injected into the bottom of the fractionating tower through a flowmeter for fractionation of the coal tar raw material.

2. The optimization method for a coal tar processing technology according to claim 1, wherein When the coal tar raw material is heated to the target temperature T t at this time, the heated coal tar raw material is injected into the bottom of the fractionating tower through a flowmeter to fractionate the coal tar raw material, specifically including: Turn on the heating device of the fractionating tower and preheat the coal tar raw material to the target temperature T t ; Set the target pressure of steam supply to P steam ; Adjust the steam source so that the supply pressure of the steam reaches the steam supply target pressure of P steam ; Set the initial flow rate ratio of the steam flow rate to the liquid flow rate at the bottom of the fractionating tower as γ0; The liquid is the coal tar raw material; Record the steam flow rate V at the bottom of the fractionating column every 10 seconds staem and the liquid flow rate V liquid , and calculate the flow rate ratio in real time: If the γ calculated in real time deviates from γ0 by more than 10%, the control system automatically adjusts the flow rate: Among them, k1 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; k2 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient; is the dynamic adjustment amount of the steam flow rate; is the dynamic adjustment amount of the liquid flow rate; Monitor and control the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower.

3. The optimization method for a coal tar processing technology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring and control of the temperature gradient distribution in the fractionating tower specifically includes: Starting from the bottom of the fractionating tower, set a temperature measurement point every 1 meter, and set a temperature sensor at the position of the temperature measurement point; Obtain the temperature of each temperature measurement point through the temperature sensor; Denote the temperature of the temperature measurement point at height z as T(z); Obtain the bottom temperature of the fractionating tower and denote it as T bottom ; Obtain the target temperature at the bottom of the fractionating column, denoted as T bottom,target ; Obtain the top temperature of the fractionating column, denoted as T top ; During the fractionation operation, adjust the heating device so that the following temperature gradient distribution is satisfied in the fractionating tower: T(z) = T bottom -k·z; Wherein, k is the temperature drop gradient, representing the temperature value dropped per meter of height; By adjusting the heating power, dynamically adjust the temperature at the bottom of the fractionating tower, and the formula is as follows: P heat = η·C p ·ΔT; Among them, P heat is the power of the heating device; η is the heating efficiency; C p is the specific heat capacity of coal tar; ΔT is the temperature difference, that is, ΔT = T bottom - T bottom,target ; Monitor the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, and adjust the steam and liquid flow rates in real time.

4. An optimization method for a coal tar processing process according to claim 3, characterized in that The monitoring of the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower and the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, and the real-time adjustment of the steam and liquid flow rates specifically includes: Monitor the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating tower, denoted as C top ; Monitor the concentration of heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating column, denoted as C bottom ; Set the target concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column, denoted as C top,target ; Set the target concentration of the heavy components at the bottom of the fractionating tower, denoted as C bottom,target ; Dynamically adjust the steam flow rate and the liquid flow rate through the following formula: Wherein, α1 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; α2 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient; Conduct an overall evaluation and optimization of the fractionation efficiency.

5. The optimization method for a coal tar processing technology according to claim 4, characterized in that The overall evaluation and optimization of the fractionation efficiency specifically includes: Obtain the concentration of the light component at a height of z, denoted as C top (z); Obtain the concentration of the heavy component at a height of z, denoted as C bottom (z); Obtain the total height of the fractionating tower and denote it as H; Evaluate the overall fractionation efficiency in the tower using the following formula: Among them, E distillation is the fractionation efficiency; If is constant within the tower height range [0, H], indicating a stable and highly efficient fractionation process; If is not a constant within the tower height range [0, H], it indicates low fractionation efficiency and operation parameters need to be adjusted.

6. The optimization method for a coal tar processing technology according to claim 5, wherein, The specific operation parameter adjustment includes: Obtain the target fractionation efficiency, denoted as E target ; Wherein, k3 is the steam flow rate adjustment coefficient; k4 is the liquid flow rate adjustment coefficient; Ensure the maximum optimization of the fractionation process by adjusting the reflux ratio.

7. An optimization method for a coal tar processing process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ensuring the maximum optimization of the fractionation process by adjusting the reflux ratio specifically includes: Obtain the initial ratio of the mass flow rate of the reflux liquid at the top of the fractionating tower to the steam, and denote it as the initial reflux ratio R0; The initial ratio of the mass flow rate of the reflux liquid at the top of the fractionating tower to the steam is specifically the ratio when the reflux liquid and steam are just detected at the top of the fractionating tower; Obtain the pressure of the top steam of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as P steam (t); Obtain the pressure of the liquid at the top of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as P liquid (t); Calculate the pressure difference between the top steam and liquid of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as ΔP steam,liquid (t): ΔP steam,liquid (t) = P steam (t) - P liquid (t); Obtain the density of the overhead vapor of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as ρ steam (t); Obtain the density of the liquid at the top of the fractionating column at time t, denoted as ρ liquid (t); Calculate the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating tower in real time: Among them, R(t) is the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating column at time t; is the reflux ratio adjustment coefficient; Conduct reflux ratio feedback adjustment, specifically as follows: Among them, is the reflux ratio feedback adjustment coefficient; C top (t) is the concentration of light components at the top of the fractionating column at time t; is the adjustment amount of the reflux ratio at the top of the fractionating column at time t.

Images