Construction method and equipment for controlling perpendicularity of arc-shaped wall

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fixed buildings. The invention discloses a construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall. The construction method comprises the steps that firstly, a BIM model is established; step 2, building a first layer of template; step 3, acquiring template data, and calculating vertical comprehensive deviation; step 4, adjusting the template according to a deviation report until the template accords with a design specification; fifthly, concrete is poured; sixthly, steel hoops are installed; step 7, judging whether a template design height is reached or not, if so, entering step 8, otherwise, overlapping templates upwards layer by layer on the steel hoop according to a layered structure, and then returning to step 3; and 8, concrete curing is carried out, and the formwork is dismantled. According to the formwork assembly, the stability and the construction efficiency of the overall structure are improved; a construction method of layered formwork erecting and layer-by-layer pouring is adopted, so that layered radian calibration is facilitated, and accumulated errors are reduced; the vertical comprehensive deviation index comprehensively reflects the multi-dimensional deviation in the arc-shaped wall surface construction and is used for guiding and adjusting the perpendicularity of the arc-shaped wall surface template.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fixed buildings, and particularly relates to a construction method and equipment for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall. Background Art

[0002] The control of the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is a technical problem in building construction. The traditional construction methods mainly face the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] (1) Insufficient measurement and positioning accuracy: Due to the complex curved surface shape of the arc-shaped wall, the curvature changes at various parts of the curved surface make measurement difficult. When using conventional measuring equipment such as a plumb bob and a total station, systematic errors are formed by the superposition of factors such as centering errors, angular deviations, and environmental interferences during the measurement process. These errors continuously accumulate and amplify during the construction process. The existing segmented measurement method not only cannot eliminate the errors but also generates new deviations at the connection of sections, seriously restricting the improvement of the construction accuracy of the arc-shaped wall.

[0004] (2) Stability defects of the formwork system: Although the existing combined formwork of plywood and flexible back ribs has certain flexibility, it has the following inherent defects: Structural gaps are likely to occur at the splicing joints of plywood; the support stiffness of the flexible back ribs is insufficient and there is an effect of cumulative deformation; the overall system is difficult to resist the asymmetric side pressure during concrete pouring.

[0005] The above technical defects lead to a low pass rate of the perpendicularity of the arc-shaped wall based on the traditional method, seriously restricting the quality improvement of special-shaped building structures. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new construction method and equipment for controlling the perpendicularity of the arc-shaped wall to solve these long-existing engineering and technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method and equipment for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall in view of the above deficiencies in the prior art. The structure is simple and reasonable in design. The formwork components can improve the stability and construction efficiency of the overall structure; the construction method of layered formwork support and layer-by-layer pouring is adopted, which is convenient for calibrating the arc in layers and reducing cumulative errors; a vertical comprehensive deviation index is introduced, which comprehensively reflects the multi-dimensional deviations in the construction of the arc-shaped wall surface and is used to guide the adjustment of the perpendicularity of the formwork of the arc-shaped wall surface, and the use effect is good.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Establish a BIM model with a layered structure according to the design drawings;

[0010] Step 2: Build the first-layer formwork;

[0011] Step 3. Obtain template data and calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation:

[0012] Step 301. Determine the verification area of the template, set up a scanning device, and set the scanning resolution;

[0013] Step 302. Obtain the point cloud data of the verification area and construct a point cloud model based on the point cloud data;

[0014] Step 303. Align the point cloud model and the BIM model;

[0015] Step 304. Extract multiple longitudinal profile lines along the height direction of the template; each profile line is composed of a set of points at corresponding positions in the point cloud model and the BIM model; for each profile line, calculate the horizontal offset Δx of the points in the point cloud model from the theoretical vertical line of the BIM model;

[0016] Step 305. For each point in the point cloud model, find the triangle patch closest to this point on the BIM model and calculate the vertical distance from this point to the triangle patch to obtain the vertical offset Δy;

[0017] Step 306. Calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal based on the horizontal offset Δx and the vertical offset Δy;

[0018] Step 4. Generate a deviation report and feedback the deviation report to the construction personnel. The construction personnel adjust the template until the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal meets the design specifications;

[0019] Step 5. Pour concrete: Pour layered concrete into the template until the concrete is flush with the template;

[0020] Step 6. Install steel hoops: After the concrete poured in the template cures to the design strength, install steel hoops. The steel hoops are provided with through holes adapted to the embedded bolts, and connect the steel hoops with the embedded bolts;

[0021] Step 7. Whether the template design height is reached. If so, enter Step 8. Otherwise, stack the next layer of the template layer by layer upward on the steel hoops, and then return to Step 3;

[0022] Step 8. After the overall concrete cures to the design strength, remove the template.

[0023] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that the specific implementation method of "aligning the point cloud model and the BIM model" in step 303 is as follows: Corresponding matching points are respectively selected in the point cloud model and the BIM model. The matching points include uniformly sampled points in the verification area and at least three key feature points; the point cloud model and the BIM model are imported into the same coordinate system; the initial correspondence of the matching points in the point cloud model and the BIM model is calculated, and the rotation matrix and translation vector are optimized by minimizing the error function, and iterative optimization is carried out until convergence to complete the alignment.

[0024] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that the key feature points include vertex points, boundary points, curvature extreme points, construction control points, and structural feature points; the uniformly sampled points include points selected according to uniform spatial distribution in the verification area.

[0025] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that the deviation report in step four at least includes a deviation chromatogram: The method for generating the deviation chromatogram is as follows:

[0026] Step 401: Classify the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal according to the preset deviation threshold standard, and map each level of deviation interval to the corresponding color code;

[0027] Step 402: Establish the mapping relationship between the points of the point cloud model and the triangular patches of the BIM model according to step 305, calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal of the triangular patches, obtain the corresponding color code, and render the surface of the BIM model;

[0028] Step 403: Identify the out-of-tolerance areas and generate the annotation information of the out-of-tolerance areas. The annotation information includes the spatial position, deviation parameters, and regional characteristics of the out-of-tolerance areas.

[0029] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that the spatial position includes the geometric center coordinates; the deviation parameters include the maximum deviation value and the average deviation value, and the regional characteristics include the area, the contour perimeter, and the offset direction from the design contour.

[0030] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that the deviation chromatogram supports visual interaction in 3D model views, VR modes, and AR modes.

[0031] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that the 3D model view is used to dynamically map the deviation chromatogram on the surface of the BIM model, and supports rotation, zooming, and sectional viewing, and at the same time marks the spatial coordinates and deviation values of the out-of-tolerance areas.

[0032] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that: the specific method of "construction workers adjusting the formwork" in step four is as follows:

[0033] When Perform local fine-tuning;

[0034] When Perform system rectification; where Represents the first threshold, Represents the second threshold.

[0035] The above-mentioned construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall is characterized in that: the specific method of "building the first-layer formwork" in step two is as follows: Bind the first-layer steel bar framework according to the size and shape of the BIM model, and embedded bolts for connecting the second-layer steel bar framework are bound on the first-layer steel bar framework; Arc-shaped formwork is erected on both sides of the first-layer steel bar framework; The arc-shaped formwork includes an arc-shaped inner formwork and an arc-shaped outer formwork respectively arranged on both sides of the first-layer steel bar framework, and the arc-shaped inner formwork and the arc-shaped outer formwork are respectively assembled by a plurality of sub-formworks, and adjacent two sub-formworks are connected by buckles; The buckle includes a lock seat arranged on one sub-formwork and a lock body arranged on the other sub-formwork, and a retractable lock tongue is arranged on the lock seat; A lock hook for limiting the lock tongue is arranged on the lock body; The arc-shaped inner formwork and the arc-shaped outer formwork are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts.

[0036] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction device for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall, which is characterized in that: it includes a formwork assembly and an adjustment assembly, and the formwork assembly includes an arc-shaped formwork and a buckle,

[0037] The arc-shaped formwork includes an arc-shaped inner formwork and an arc-shaped outer formwork, and the arc-shaped inner formwork and the arc-shaped outer formwork are respectively assembled by a plurality of sub-formworks, and adjacent two sub-formworks are connected by buckles;

[0038] The buckle includes a lock seat arranged on one sub-formwork and a lock body arranged on the other sub-formwork, and a retractable lock tongue is arranged on the lock seat; A lock hook for limiting the lock tongue is arranged on the lock body; The arc-shaped inner formwork and the arc-shaped outer formwork are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts;

[0039] The adjustment assembly includes a scanning device and a computing device,

[0040] The scanning device is used to scan the formwork of the layered structure of the arc-shaped wall surface to obtain the point cloud data of the formwork of a plurality of layered structures;

[0041] The computing device includes:

[0042] The first model module is used to construct a point cloud model based on the point cloud data;

[0043] A second model module for establishing a BIM model with a hierarchical structure based on design drawings;

[0044] A calculation module for aligning point cloud data with the BIM model and calculating the vertical comprehensive deviation;

[0045] A report generation module for generating a deviation report, which at least includes a deviation chromatogram.

[0046] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0047] 1. The structure of the present invention is simple, reasonably designed, and convenient to implement and operate.

[0048] 2. The formwork component of the present invention includes steel hoops, which strengthen the interlayer connection through the steel hoops, enhance the shear resistance of the layered pouring interface, ensure the overall structural stability and construction efficiency, and ultimately guarantee the forming quality and durability of the curved wall surface.

[0049] 3. The formwork component of the present invention includes buckles and adjustable inclined struts. When pouring concrete, the formwork remains stable under the combined action of the buckles and adjustable inclined struts. After the concrete hardens, the locking tongue disengages from the locking hook, and the formwork can be easily disassembled, realizing efficient turnover use.

[0050] 4. The curved wall surface of the present invention adopts a construction method of layered formwork support and layer-by-layer pouring, which is convenient for calibrating the radian layer by layer, reducing cumulative errors, and is suitable for tall curved wall surfaces.

[0051] 5. The matching points selected when aligning the point cloud model and the BIM model in the present invention include uniformly sampled points and key feature points. The uniformly sampled points play an auxiliary alignment role, and the key feature points determine the alignment framework, with good use effects.

[0052] 6. The present invention calculates the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal based on the horizontal offset Δx and the vertical offset Δy, realizing multi-dimensional deviations in the construction of the curved wall surface, decomposing complex spatial deviations into quantifiable engineering parameters, and reflecting tangential assembly errors and normal deformations at the same time, overcoming the limitations of single-dimensional measurement, and being used to guide the adjustment of the perpendicularity of the formwork of the curved wall surface, effectively solving the problem of low measurement accuracy in conventional measurement.

[0053] In summary, the present invention has a simple structure and reasonable design. The formwork component can improve the overall structural stability and construction efficiency; adopts a construction method of layered formwork support and layer-by-layer pouring, which is convenient for calibrating the radian layer by layer and reducing cumulative errors; introduces a vertical comprehensive deviation index, comprehensively reflecting multi-dimensional deviations in the construction of the curved wall surface, and is used to guide the adjustment of the perpendicularity of the formwork of the curved wall surface, with good use effects.

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0055] Figure 1 This is the flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 This is the schematic structural diagram of the template component of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 3 This is the schematic structural diagram of the buckle of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 4 This is the schematic structural diagram of the adjustment component of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 5 This is the circuit principle block diagram of the computing device of the present invention.

[0060] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0061] 1 - Arc inner template; 2 - Arc outer template; 3 - First layer of steel bar skeleton;

[0062] 4 - Embedded bolt; 5 - Steel hoop; 6 - Through hole;

[0063] 7 - Lock base; 8 - Lock body; 9 - Scanning device;

[0064] 10 - Computing device; 11 - First model module; 12 - Second model module;

[0065] 13 - Computing module; 14 - Report generation module. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0066] The method of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments of the present invention.

[0067] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0068] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0069] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and above-mentioned drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily limit to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0070] For the sake of convenience in description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "on top of", "on the upper surface", "upper" etc. can be used here to describe the spatial position relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the drawings. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the drawings of the device. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "on top of other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "beneath other devices or structures" afterwards. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding explanations are made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0071] As Figure 1 shown, a construction method for controlling the verticality of an arc-shaped wall of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Establish a BIM model with a hierarchical structure according to the design drawings;

[0073] Step 2: Build the first layer of formwork: Bind the first-layer steel bar framework 3 according to the dimensions and shape of the BIM model. Embedded bolts 4 for connecting the second-layer steel bar framework are bound on the first-layer steel bar framework 3; Arc-shaped formwork is erected on both sides of the first-layer steel bar framework 3.

[0074] The arc-shaped formwork includes an arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and an arc-shaped outer formwork 2 respectively arranged on both sides of the first-layer steel bar framework 3. The arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and the arc-shaped outer formwork 2 are respectively assembled by a plurality of sub-formworks. Adjacent two sub-formworks are connected by buckles. The arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and the arc-shaped outer formwork 2 are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts.

[0075] The buckle includes a lock base 7 provided on one sub-template and a lock body 8 provided on another sub-template. A retractable lock tongue 71 is provided on the lock base 7; a lock hook 81 for limiting the lock tongue 71 is provided on the lock body 8.

[0076] On both sides of each sub-template, a lock base 7 and a lock body 8 are respectively provided. Adjacent sub-templates are positioned by the limiting engagement of the lock hook 81 and the lock tongue 71. The lock base 7 and the lock body 8 adapt to the assembly requirements of different curvature radii.

[0077] In a possible embodiment, the first layer of steel bar skeletons 3 is made of HRB400 grade deformed steel bars with a diameter of 25 mm and is tied in a plum blossom shape with φ8 binding wires. The anchorage length of the embedded bolts 4 is 35d. The arc-shaped templates are made of 15-mm-thick film-covered plywood, and their bending arcs are processed and formed according to the curvature radii of the design drawings to ensure that the shapes of the arc-shaped templates exactly match the arcs required by the design drawings. The arc-shaped inner template 1 and the arc-shaped outer template 2 are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts. The adjustable inclined struts are made of Φ48×3.5 mm steel pipes, and the adjustment range is 800 - 1200 mm. The adjustable inclined struts and the embedded ground anchors are locked with U-shaped buckles, and the verticality is adjusted to the calibration value of the BIM model.

[0078] Step Three: Obtain template data and calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation:

[0079] Step 301: Determine the calibration area of the template, set up the scanning device 9, and set the scanning resolution.

[0080] The calibration area is selected as the geometric feature significant area of the template, including key parts such as the curvature mutation points, the seam nodes of adjacent sub-templates on the same layer, the seam nodes of upper and lower sub-templates, and the positions of the embedded bolts 4. It is selected along the arc length direction and covers three elevation levels of the top, middle, and bottom at the same time. Areas with clear boundaries and stable structural features are preferably selected, avoiding deformed or blocked parts, and ensuring that each calibration area contains at least 3 - 5 key feature points. The total area of the calibration area should be no less than 15% of the surface area of the template.

[0081] Step 302: Obtain the point cloud data of the calibration area and construct a point cloud model based on the point cloud data. Specifically, through the Autodesk ReCap software, import the original data of the laser scanner to generate a high-precision merged point cloud. The point cloud density should be maintained ≥5pts / cm throughout the process 2 。

[0082] Step 303: Align the point cloud model and the BIM model.

[0083] The specific implementation method of "aligning the point cloud model and the BIM model" in step 303 is as follows: Corresponding matching points are selected in the point cloud model and the BIM model respectively. The matching points include uniformly sampled points in the calibration area and at least three key feature points. The point cloud model and the BIM model are imported into the same coordinate system. The initial correspondence of the matching points in the point cloud model and the BIM model is calculated, and the rotation matrix R and the translation vector t are optimized by minimizing the error function E(R, t), and the iteration is optimized until convergence to complete the alignment.

[0084] It should be noted that where ω i represents the weight of the i-th matching point, p i represents the i-th matching point of the point cloud model, and q i represents the i-th matching point in the BIM model.

[0085] Among them, the uniformly sampled points play an auxiliary alignment role, and lower weights are assigned to the uniformly sampled points, such as the weight equal to 1.0. The key feature points determine the alignment framework, and higher weights are assigned to the key feature points, such as the weight ranging from 1.5 to 2.0.

[0086] The key feature points include vertices, boundary points, curvature extreme points, construction control points, and structural feature points; the uniformly sampled points include the points selected uniformly in space in the calibration area.

[0087] The curvature extreme points refer to the points at the curvature mutation of the arc-shaped wall surface, such as inflection points, concave-convex change points, and curvature transition points at the intersection of the arc-shaped wall and the straight wall.

[0088] The construction control points refer to the measurement control points reserved in actual construction, such as total station target points.

[0089] The structural feature points refer to the construction trace points such as exposed reinforcement points and formwork joint points.

[0090] In the calibration area of the arc-shaped wall surface, the uniformly sampled points are arranged in an equidistant grid array, and the row spacing and column spacing are equal, ranging from 200 to 500 mm.

[0091] Step 304: Extract multiple longitudinal profile lines along the formwork height direction; each profile line is composed of a point set at the corresponding position in the point cloud model and the BIM model; for each profile line, calculate the horizontal offset Δx of the points in the point cloud model to the theoretical vertical line of the BIM model.

[0092] Specifically: in the height direction of the formwork, select multiple longitudinal cutting lines from the bottom to the top, for example, one every 1 meter. These profile lines cover the same position of the point cloud model and the BIM model at the same time. Therefore, each profile line consists of two sets of point sets, one is the point cloud model point set, and the other is the BIM model point set. For each measured point on the profile line, calculate its horizontal distance to the theoretical vertical plane of the BIM model to obtain the horizontal offset Δx. If the measured point bulges outwards, Δx is positive; if the measured point sinks inwards, Δx is negative.

[0093] Step 305: For each point in the point cloud model, find the triangle patch on the BIM model that is closest to this point, and calculate the vertical distance from this point to the triangle patch to obtain the vertical offset Δy.

[0094] For example, for the point P in the point cloud model, in the triangular mesh surface of the BIM model, through a spatial indexing algorithm such as KD-Tree or BVH, find the triangle patch TBIM that is closest to the point P, and calculate the shortest vertical distance from the point P to the patch TBIM through vector projection to obtain the vertical offset Δy. If Δy>0, it means that the point P is outside the theoretical patch, that is, the point P bulges; if Δy<0, it means that the point P is inside the theoretical patch, that is, the point P sinks.

[0095] For example, for the point P=(1.2, 3.4, 5.6), after projection onto the BIM patch, Δy = +2.3 mm is obtained, indicating that the formwork bulges 2.3 mm at this place.

[0096] Step 306: Calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal based on the horizontal offset Δx and the vertical offset Δy. Using only the horizontal offset Δx cannot measure bulging and sinking. Using only the vertical offset Δy is used to monitor the offset of the actual construction surface relative to the design surface in the normal direction, but it is easy to ignore tangential assembly errors. Therefore, the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal is calculated through the horizontal offset Δx and the vertical offset Δy, which comprehensively reflects the multi-dimensional deviation in the construction of the curved wall surface and is the core index for achieving precise measurement and control of the curved wall surface.

[0097] Step Four: Generate a deviation report and feedback the deviation report to the construction personnel. The construction personnel adjust the formwork until the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal meets the design specifications.

[0098] The deviation report in Step Four at least includes a deviation chromatogram. The method for generating the deviation chromatogram is as follows:

[0099] Step 401: Classify the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal according to the preset deviation threshold standard, and map each deviation interval to the corresponding color code.

[0100] Step 402: Establish the mapping relationship between the points of the point cloud model and the triangular patches of the BIM model according to Step 305, calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal of the triangular patches, obtain the corresponding color coding, and render the surface of the BIM model;

[0101] Step 403: Identify the out-of-tolerance areas and generate the annotation information of the out-of-tolerance areas. The annotation information includes the spatial position, deviation parameters, and regional characteristics of the out-of-tolerance areas.

[0102] In a possible embodiment, the spatial position includes the geometric center coordinates; the deviation parameters include the maximum deviation value and the average deviation value, and the regional characteristics include the area, the contour perimeter, and the offset direction from the design contour.

[0103] In a possible embodiment, the deviation chromatogram supports visual interaction in the 3D model view, VR mode, and AR mode. Among them, the 3D model view is used to dynamically map the deviation chromatogram on the surface of the BIM model, and supports rotation, scaling, and sectional view. At the same time, the spatial coordinates and deviation values of the out-of-tolerance areas are marked.

[0104] In Step 4, the specific method of "construction workers adjust the formwork" is as follows:

[0105] When Perform local fine-tuning;

[0106] When Perform system rectification; where represents the first threshold, represents the second threshold.

[0107] Local fine-tuning refers to adjusting 2-3 adjacent sub-formworks; loosening the locking tongues 71 on the sub-formworks, adjusting the telescopic range of the locking tongues 71, changing the curvature of the sub-formworks, inserting stainless steel gaskets between two adjacent sub-formworks to compensate for local gaps; and adjusting the adjustable inclined struts at the same time.

[0108] System rectification refers to demolishing all the inner arc formwork 1 and outer arc formwork 2, replacing the unqualified inner arc formwork 1 and outer arc formwork 2, checking the formwork positioning, and re-assembling and erecting the formwork by controlling the key construction points.

[0109] Adjusting the formwork in stages can not only efficiently correct the deviation but also avoid waste of resources caused by excessive adjustment.

[0110] Step 5: Pour concrete: Pour layered concrete into the formwork until the concrete is flush with the formwork;

[0111] Step 6: Install steel hoops: After the concrete poured into the formwork cures to the design strength, install the steel hoops 5. The steel hoops 5 are provided with through holes 6 adapted to the embedded bolts 4, and connect the steel hoops 5 with the embedded bolts 4.

[0112] The interlayer connection is strengthened by steel hoops 5 to ensure the overall structural stability and construction efficiency, and finally guarantee the forming quality and durability of the arc-shaped wall surface. It should be noted that the cross-section of the steel hoop is the same as that of the cast concrete, which can accurately constrain the arc of the formwork, prevent the formwork from deforming or shifting during the pouring process, and ensure the geometric accuracy of the arc-shaped wall surface. Each layer of formwork is independently fixed by steel hoops, avoiding lateral pressure on the lower formwork during the upper layer pouring, which may cause deformation. The embedded bolts 4 are vertically anchored in the cast concrete within the formwork. After the steel hoops 5 are fixed by the embedded bolts 4, a closed force ring is formed, enhancing the shear resistance of the layered pouring interface, avoiding gap problems, and realizing the stability of layered construction.

[0113] Step 7: Whether the designed height of the formwork is reached. If so, enter Step 8; otherwise, stack the next layer of formwork layer by layer upward on the steel hoop 5 according to the layered structure, and then return to Step 3. The arc-shaped wall surface adopts the construction method of layered formwork support and layer-by-layer pouring, which is convenient for calibrating the arc layer by layer. Pouring a super-high formwork at one time is likely to cause the formwork to deform due to the lateral pressure or self-weight of the concrete. Layered construction can adjust the arc of the formwork layer by layer, reduce cumulative errors, and is suitable for tall arc-shaped wall surfaces.

[0114] Step 8: After the overall concrete is cured to the designed strength, remove the formwork.

[0115] Embodiment 2

[0116] A construction equipment for controlling the verticality of an arc-shaped wall body according to the present invention includes a formwork assembly and an adjustment assembly.

[0117] The formwork assembly includes an arc-shaped formwork and a buckle. The arc-shaped formwork includes an arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and an arc-shaped outer formwork 2. The arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and the arc-shaped outer formwork 2 are respectively assembled by a plurality of sub-formworks, and adjacent two sub-formworks are connected by a buckle. The buckle includes a lock base 7 provided on one sub-formwork and a lock body 8 provided on the other sub-formwork. A retractable lock tongue 71 is provided on the lock base 7; a lock hook 81 for limiting the lock tongue 71 is provided on the lock body 8. The arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and the arc-shaped outer formwork 2 are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts.

[0118] The lock base 7 of the buckle is fixed on one of the sub-formworks, and its retractable lock tongue 71 can be inserted into the lock hook 81 of the lock body 8 of the other sub-formwork to achieve automatic locking, ensuring the firm assembly and convenient disassembly of the formwork. After the arc-shaped inner formwork 1 and the arc-shaped outer formwork 2 are installed in place, they are supported and finely adjusted by adjustable inclined struts to accurately control the arc and verticality of the arc-shaped wall body. During the pouring of concrete, the formwork remains stable under the combined action of the buckle and the inclined strut. After the concrete hardens, the lock tongue 71 is extended to disengage from the lock hook 81, and the formwork can be easily disassembled to realize efficient turnover and use.

[0119] The adjustment component includes a scanning device 9 and a computing device 10. The scanning device 9 is used to scan the templates of the layered structure of the arc-shaped wall surface to obtain the point cloud data of the templates of multiple layered structures. The computing device 10 includes:

[0120] A first model module 11, which is used to construct a point cloud model based on the point cloud data;

[0121] A second model module 12, which is used to establish a BIM model of the layered structure according to the design drawings;

[0122] A calculation module 13, which is used to align the point cloud data and the BIM model and calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation;

[0123] A report generation module 14, which is used to generate a deviation report. The deviation report at least includes a deviation chromatogram.

[0124] During the layered pouring process of the arc-shaped wall surface, the scanning device 9 performs three-dimensional scanning on the templates of each layer to obtain high-precision point cloud data. The first model module 11 of the computing device 10 converts the scanned point cloud data into a point cloud model. At the same time, the second model module 12 establishes a BIM theoretical model of the layered structure based on the design drawings. The calculation module 13 aligns the measured point cloud model with the theoretical BIM model through point cloud registration technology and calculates the vertical comprehensive deviation of the template installation. Finally, the report generation module 14 generates a deviation report. The deviation report visually displays the out-of-tolerance area and the annotation information of the out-of-tolerance area through the deviation chromatogram. The annotation information includes the spatial position, deviation parameters, and area characteristics of the out-of-tolerance area. The construction personnel adjust the out-of-tolerance area according to the deviation report to ensure that the construction accuracy of the arc-shaped wall surface meets the design requirements.

[0125] In a possible embodiment, the first model module 11 includes Autodesk ReCap software, which imports the original data of the laser scanner to generate high-precision merged point clouds and can be directly transmitted to the Trimble RealWorks software of the calculation module 13. The second model module 12 includes Autodesk Revit software, which establishes a BIM model of the layered structure based on the design drawings through Autodesk Revit software and supports direct docking with the point cloud data. The calculation module 13 includes Trimble RealWorks software, which directly imports the point cloud model and directly imports the BIM model, aligns the point cloud model and the BIM model in the Trimble RealWorks software, and realizes the calculation through the Python script tool of the Trimble RealWorks software. The horizontal offset Δx, vertical offset Δy, and vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal are calculated. The deviation threshold and color mapping rules are set in the Trimble RealWorks software to generate a deviation report. The deviation report includes a deviation chromatogram and renders the surface of the BIM model.

[0126] As described above, these are only embodiments of the present invention and do not impose any limitations on the present invention. Any simple modifications, changes, and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for controlling the verticality of an arc-shaped wall, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish a BIM model with a hierarchical structure according to the design drawings; Step 2: Build the first-layer formwork; Step 3: Obtain formwork data and calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation: Step 301: Determine the calibration area of the formwork, set up the scanning device (9), and set the scanning resolution; Step 302: Obtain the point cloud data of the calibration area and construct a point cloud model based on the point cloud data; Step 303: Align the point cloud model and the BIM model; Step 304: Extract multiple longitudinal profile lines along the height direction of the formwork; each profile line consists of a set of points at corresponding positions in the point cloud model and the BIM model; for each profile line, calculate the horizontal offset Δx of the points in the point cloud model from the theoretical vertical line of the BIM model; Step 305: For each point in the point cloud model, find the closest triangular patch on the BIM model and calculate the vertical distance from this point to the triangular patch to obtain the vertical offset Δy; Step 306: Calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal based on the horizontal offset Δx and the vertical offset Δy; Step 4: Generate a deviation report and feedback the deviation report to the construction personnel. The construction personnel adjust the formwork until the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal meets the design specifications; Step 5: Pour concrete: Pour layered concrete into the formwork until the concrete is flush with the formwork; Step 6: Install steel hoops: After the concrete poured in the formwork is cured to the design strength, install the steel hoops (5). The steel hoops (5) are provided with through holes (6) adapted to the embedded bolts (4), and connect the steel hoops (5) with the embedded bolts (4); Step 7: Stack the next-layer formwork layer by layer upward on the steel hoops (5) according to the hierarchical structure, and then return to Step 3 until the pouring of the curved wall surface is completed; Step 8: After the overall concrete is cured to the design strength, remove the formwork.

2. A construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation method of "aligning the point cloud model and the BIM model" in Step 303 is as follows: Select corresponding matching points in the point cloud model and the BIM model respectively. The matching points include uniformly sampled points in the calibration area and at least three key feature points; Import the point cloud model and the BIM model into the same coordinate system; Calculate the initial corresponding relationship of the matching points in the point cloud model and the BIM model, optimize the rotation matrix and translation vector by minimizing the error function, and iterate and optimize until convergence to complete the alignment.

3. A construction method for controlling the verticality of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 2, characterized in that: The key feature points include vertex points, boundary points, curvature extreme points, construction control points, and structural feature points; The uniformly sampled points include points selected at uniform spatial distribution in the calibration area.

4. A construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deviation report in Step 4 at least includes a deviation chromatogram: The method for generating the deviation chromatogram is as follows: Step 401: Classify the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal according to the preset deviation threshold standard, and map each deviation interval to a corresponding color code; Step 402: According to the mapping relationship established in Step 305 between the points of the point cloud model and the triangular patches of the BIM model, calculate the vertical comprehensive deviation Δtotal of the triangular patches to obtain the corresponding color code, and render the surface of the BIM model; Step 403: Identify the out-of-tolerance area and generate annotation information for the out-of-tolerance area. The annotation information includes the spatial position, deviation parameters, and area features of the out-of-tolerance area.

5. A construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spatial position includes geometric center coordinates; the deviation parameters include the maximum deviation value and the average deviation value, and the area features include the area, contour perimeter, and offset direction from the design contour.

6. A construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: The deviation chromatogram supports visual interaction in 3D model views, VR mode, and AR mode.

7. A construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 6, characterized in that: The 3D model view is used to dynamically map the deviation chromatogram on the surface of the BIM model, and supports rotation, scaling, and sectional viewing. At the same time, the spatial coordinates and deviation values of the out-of-tolerance area are marked.

8. A construction method for controlling the verticality of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of "construction workers adjusting the formwork" in Step 4 is as follows: When φ1 < Δtotal ≤ φ2, perform local fine-tuning; When Δtotal > φ2, perform system rectification; where φ1 represents the first threshold and φ2 represents the second threshold.

9. A construction method for controlling the perpendicularity of an arc-shaped wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of "erecting the first-layer formwork" in Step 2 is as follows: Bind the first-layer steel bar framework (3) according to the size and shape of the BIM model. Embedded bolts (4) for connecting the second-layer steel bar framework are bound on the first-layer steel bar framework (3); Arc-shaped formwork is erected on both sides of the first-layer steel bar framework (3); The arc-shaped formwork includes an arc-shaped inner formwork (1) and an arc-shaped outer formwork (2) respectively arranged on both sides of the first-layer steel bar framework (3). The arc-shaped inner formwork (1) and the arc-shaped outer formwork (2) are respectively assembled by multiple sub-formworks, and adjacent two sub-formworks are connected by buckles; The buckle includes a lock seat (7) arranged on one sub-formwork and a lock body (8) arranged on the other sub-formwork. A retractable lock tongue (71) is arranged on the lock seat (7); A lock hook (81) for limiting the lock tongue (71) is arranged on the lock body (8); The arc-shaped inner formwork (1) and the arc-shaped outer formwork (2) are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts.

10. A construction device for controlling the verticality of an arc-shaped wall, characterized in that: It includes a formwork component and an adjustment component. The formwork component includes an arc-shaped formwork and a buckle. The arc-shaped formwork includes an arc-shaped inner formwork (1) and an arc-shaped outer formwork (2). The arc-shaped inner formwork (1) and the arc-shaped outer formwork (2) are respectively assembled by multiple sub-formworks, and adjacent two sub-formworks are connected by buckles. The buckle includes a lock seat (7) arranged on one sub-formwork and a lock body (8) arranged on the other sub-formwork. A retractable lock tongue (71) is arranged on the lock seat (7); A lock hook (81) for limiting the lock tongue (71) is arranged on the lock body (8); The arc-shaped inner formwork (1) and the arc-shaped outer formwork (2) are respectively fixed by adjustable inclined struts. The adjustment component includes a scanning device (9) and a computing device (10). The scanning device (9) is used to scan the formwork of the layered structure of the arc-shaped wall surface to obtain the point cloud data of multiple layered structure formworks. The computing device (10) includes: A first model module (11) for constructing a point cloud model based on the point cloud data. A second model module (12) for establishing a BIM model of the layered structure according to the design drawings. A computing module (13) for aligning the point cloud data and the BIM model and calculating the vertical comprehensive deviation. A report generation module (14) for generating a deviation report, and the deviation report includes at least a deviation chromatogram.

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