Green mining method for filling, preventing and controlling disasters of nearly upright extra-thick coal seam

Abstract

The invention discloses a filling disaster prevention and control green mining method for a nearly-upright extra-thick coal seam, and relates to the technical field of coal mining. The method includes the following steps that the nearly-vertical super-thick coal seam is divided into different sections according to the thickness of 20-40 m; all the sections are mined through a fully mechanized caving mining method, after the coal face is advanced by 8-10 m, namely a mining and filling step pitch, slurry blocking cloth is arranged on a top coal caving filling mining hydraulic support, and a separation net is laid in a goaf; grouting and filling are conducted on the goaf through the high-position process roadway; the nearly vertical coal seam is divided into a plurality of horizontal sections, the descending mining sequence is adopted, goaf timely filling is matched, rock stratum movement can be precisely and cooperatively controlled, steeply inclined rock stratum displacement and deformation caused by coal seam mining are effectively reduced, surrounding rock stress is remarkably weakened, earth surface deformation is controlled, and compared with a traditional mining mode, the mining efficiency is improved. And the risk of coal rock dynamic disasters is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly to a green mining method for filling and preventing disasters in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams. Background Art

[0002] During the mining process of nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams, due to the geometric characteristics of the coal seams and the particularity of the mining conditions, various disasters are likely to occur, such as rock bursts, gas outbursts, etc. These disasters not only threaten the safety of miners but also seriously affect the efficient mining of coal resources. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop an effective disaster prevention and control method.

[0003] During the mining process of nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams, disasters such as surface subsidence, coal pillar collapse, roof collapse, and fires are likely to occur, seriously threatening the safety production of coal mines. Traditional coal mine disaster prevention and control methods often rely on single technical means and are difficult to cope with complex mine environments and the combined effects of multiple disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green mining method for filling and preventing disasters in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams to solve at least some of the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A green mining method for filling and preventing disasters in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams, comprising the following steps: dividing the nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam into different mining level sections according to 20 m in thickness; mining the level sections by the fully-mechanized caving method. After the coal mining face advances 3 - 8 m, that is, one mining and filling step distance, a slurry blocking cloth is set on the support for laying net and blocking slurry in the caving and filling mining, and an isolation net is laid in the goaf; performing high-level process roadway grouting filling in the goaf; wherein, the adjacent level sections are filled by a special filling process, and the filling process is divided into three types: horizontal section staggered filling, horizontal section spaced filling, and horizontal section insufficient filling.

[0006] Further, the horizontal section staggered filling means that after each mining and filling step distance, the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly subjected to high-level process roadway grouting filling, and staggered filling blocks are formed after the adjacent level sections are filled.

[0007] Further, the horizontal section spaced filling can be divided into horizontal section spaced filling, horizontal section insufficient spaced filling, horizontal section stepped coal pillar spaced filling, and horizontal section stepped coal pillar insufficient spaced filling.

[0008] Furthermore, for the horizontal sectional interval filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly grouted and filled through the high-level technical roadway. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and the cycle repeats.

[0009] Furthermore, for the horizontal sectional insufficient interval filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly grouted and insufficiently filled through the high-level technical roadway. Specifically, it means filling the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance with a filling body less than the horizontal sectional height. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and the cycle repeats.

[0010] Furthermore, for the horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar retaining interval filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly grouted and filled through the high-level technical roadway. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and the cycle repeats. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left adjacent to the upper horizontal section to form stepped mining.

[0011] Furthermore, for the horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar retaining insufficient filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly grouted and insufficiently filled through the high-level technical roadway. Specifically, it means filling the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance with a filling body less than the horizontal sectional height. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and the cycle repeats. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left adjacent to the upper horizontal section to form stepped mining.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal sectional insufficient filling can be divided into horizontal sectional insufficient filling and horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar retaining insufficient filling.

[0013] Furthermore, for the horizontal sectional insufficient filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly grouted and insufficiently filled through the high-level technical roadway. Specifically, it means filling the gob of each horizontal section with a filling body less than the horizontal sectional height.

[0014] Furthermore, the horizontal stepped coal pillar non-full filling means that after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is immediately filled by non-full grouting in the high-level working roadway. Specifically, it refers to filling the gob of each horizontal section with a filling body less than the height of the horizontal section. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left adjacent to the upper horizontal section to form stepped mining.

[0015] Furthermore, when dividing separate horizontal sections, coal mining is carried out on the roof of the next section of the coal mining face, and a high-level filling roadway is excavated on the roof of the horizontal section for grouting filling.

[0016] Furthermore, during the process of coal mining in the coal mining face, after top coal caving is completed, the coal mining device moves forward. During the moving process, an isolation net is laid on the floor of the gob. After the width of the gob reaches 3 - 8 m, that is, a mining and filling step distance, a slurry retaining cloth is set on the top coal caving filling mining net-laying slurry retaining type support to carry out high-level working roadway grouting filling for the gob.

[0017] Furthermore, a high-level working roadway is set at the top of each mined horizontal section before coal mining. A filling pump is provided in the high-level working roadway. The ground grouting device transports the required slurry through the transportation pipeline to the high-level working roadway, and the slurry is pumped into the gob through the filling pump.

[0018] Furthermore, a low-level coal mining and caving system is arranged below each horizontal section, and after the coal is caved in the coal mining face, the coal is transported out of the face by the scraper conveyor.

[0019] Furthermore, the top coal caving filling mining net-laying slurry retaining type support includes a top coal caving hydraulic support, an automatic net-laying device, and an isolation slurry retaining device;

[0020] The top coal caving hydraulic support consists of a reverse four-bar support main body, a split shield beam mechanism, and a coal caving mechanism.

[0021] Furthermore, the reverse four-bar support main body includes a bearing beam, a reverse four-bar mechanism, two groups of hydraulic columns, and a base. The reverse four-bar mechanism is hinged to the bearing beam, and the hinge angle is designed to be 15° - 45°. The two groups of hydraulic columns include two front columns and two rear columns, which are respectively hinged to the bearing beam and the base.

[0022] Furthermore, the split shield beam mechanism includes a shield beam, a shield beam lifting column, a shield beam lifting oil cylinder, and a shield beam swing angle oil cylinder. The shield beam lifting column is hinged to the shield beam, and the shield beam lifting oil cylinder and the shield beam swing angle oil cylinder are respectively hinged to the shield beam and the base.

[0023] Furthermore, the coal drawing mechanism includes a chute plate and a chute plate telescopic oil cylinder. The chute plate is inserted behind the shield beam and can be extended and retracted by the chute plate telescopic oil cylinder.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By dividing the nearly vertical coal seam into multiple horizontal sections, adopting the downward mining sequence, and cooperating with the timely backfilling of the goaf, the present invention can accurately and coordinately control the movement of rock strata. This method effectively reduces the displacement and deformation of rock strata caused by coal seam mining, and thus significantly controls the surface deformation. Compared with the traditional mining method, the risk of surface subsidence is greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the high-level filling process flow for fully-mechanized top coal caving mining in horizontal sections;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of staggered filling in horizontal sections;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of interval filling in horizontal sections;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of non-full interval filling in horizontal sections;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of stepped coal pillar interval filling in horizontal sections;

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of stepped coal pillar non-full interval filling in horizontal sections;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of non-full filling in horizontal sections;

[0032] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of stepped coal pillar non-full filling in horizontal sections;

[0033] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screening and slurry-blocking support for caving and filling mining.

[0034] In the figures: 1 - coal seam, 2 - filling layer, 3 - high-level roadway filling system, 4 - low-level mining and drawing system, 5 - isolation net, 6 - screening and slurry-blocking support for caving and filling mining, 7 - bearing beam, 8 - front upright post, 9 - inverted four-link mechanism, 10 - rear upright post, 11 - shield beam lifting oil cylinder, 12 - shield beam lifting upright post, 13 - slurry-blocking cloth, 14 - shield beam swing angle oil cylinder, 15 - shield beam, 16 - chute plate telescopic oil cylinder, 17 - chute plate, 18 - rear scraper conveyor, 19 - rotating shaft, 20 - base, 21 - fixed bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0036] The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams, including a high-level roadway filling system 3, a low-level mining and caving system 4, a multi-parameter monitoring system, and a new support for laying nets and blocking slurry in caving and filling mining. The nearly vertical coal seam is divided into multiple horizontal segments, and the adjacent horizontal segments are filled by a special filling process. The filling process is divided into three types: horizontal segment dislocation filling, horizontal segment interval filling, and horizontal segment insufficient filling. The downward mining sequence is adopted. After the working face is mined, a separation net 5 is laid in the goaf before filling by using the new support for laying nets and blocking slurry in caving and filling mining, and a filling material with the characteristics of high coal-based solid waste ratio, rapid setting, and high strength is used to fill the goaf in time. The high-level roadway filling system 3 and the low-level mining and caving system 4 are arranged at the top and bottom floor postures of each horizontal segment coal seam 1, and the multi-parameter monitoring system is used to monitor the disaster data, and the disaster data is analyzed for intelligent decision-making and control. Multiple purposes are achieved, such as jointly and precisely controlling the movement of rock strata and controlling surface deformation, safely and efficiently mining nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams, long-term stability of the filling body 2 in the goaf, treating a large amount of coal-based solid waste, and preventing disasters.

[0037] In a further embodiment of the present embodiment, the high-level roadway filling system 3 needs to arrange filling slurry preparation facilities in the wellhead industrial site, and transport the slurry to the high-level filling roadway arranged above the horizontal segment to be filled through the underground material transportation pipeline.

[0038] In a further embodiment of the present embodiment, the low-level mining and caving system 4 mainly includes a new support for laying nets and blocking slurry in caving and filling mining, a scraper conveyor, a low-level mining and caving roadway, and a shearer;

[0039] The low-level mining and caving system 4 is arranged below each horizontal segment. After the coal is caved in the coal mining face, the coal is transported out of the working face by the scraper conveyor;

[0040] The multi-parameter monitoring system mainly includes sensors for monitoring data and a ground control center. The multi-parameter monitoring system covers a monitoring system for multi-parameters such as the filling status and temperature in the goaf. By arranging sensors at key positions such as the goaf and the working face, various parameter data are obtained in real time and transmitted to the ground control center for intelligent decision-making and control.

[0041] In a further embodiment of the present embodiment, in the horizontal segment dislocation filling process, the filling body 2 formed after the grouting filling and solidification of the previous horizontal segment at different times and the filling body 2 formed after the grouting filling and solidification of the next horizontal segment at different times are in the form of staggered blocks to prevent the filling body 2 from slipping.

[0042] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, the horizontal sectional interval filling process can be divided into horizontal sectional interval filling, horizontal sectional non-full interval filling, horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar interval filling, and horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar non-full interval filling.

[0043] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, for horizontal sectional interval filling, after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and high-level working roadway grouting filling is timely carried out on the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. After that, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle, which can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the ground surface and ensure the safety of coal mining work.

[0044] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, for horizontal sectional non-full interval filling, after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and high-level working roadway grouting non-full filling is timely carried out on the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Specifically, it means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance with a filling body 2 smaller than the horizontal sectional height. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. After that, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle, which can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the ground surface and ensure the safety of coal mining work.

[0045] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, for horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar interval filling, after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and high-level working roadway grouting filling is timely carried out on the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. After that, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left with the adjacent upper horizontal section to form stepped mining, which can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the ground surface and ensure the safety of coal mining work.

[0046] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, for horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar non-full filling, after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and high-level working roadway grouting non-full filling is timely carried out on the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Specifically, it means filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance with a filling body 2 smaller than the horizontal sectional height. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. After that, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left with the adjacent upper horizontal section to form stepped mining, which can effectively control the movement of rock strata and the ground surface and ensure the safety of coal mining work.

[0047] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, the horizontal sectional non-full filling process can be divided into horizontal sectional non-full filling and horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar-retaining non-full filling.

[0048] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, for horizontal sectional non-full filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly filled by non-full grouting in the high-level working roadway for technology. Specifically, it means that the gob of each horizontal section is filled with a filling body 2 that is less than the height of the horizontal section, while efficiently utilizing the filling slurry and ensuring the safety of coal mining work.

[0049] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, for horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar-retaining non-full filling, after mining a mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance is promptly filled by non-full grouting in the high-level working roadway for technology. Specifically, it means that the gob of each horizontal section is filled with a filling body 2 that is less than the height of the horizontal section. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left with the adjacent upper horizontal section to form stepped mining, while efficiently utilizing the filling slurry and ensuring the safety of coal mining work.

[0050] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, horizontal sectional fully-mechanized caving mining with filling means that a nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam is divided into different mining horizontal sections according to a thickness of about 20 m. Each horizontal section is subject to fully-mechanized caving mining. After the coal mining face advances, the gob filling operation is carried out as soon as possible to reduce the hanging time of the roof.

[0051] Specifically, intelligent decision-making and regulation are based on the data obtained by the monitoring system. By using technologies such as big data analysis and artificial intelligence, an intelligent decision-making model for coordinated disaster prevention and control and filling is established. According to the analysis results of the model, the parameters and execution modes of various measures such as filling, gas drainage, and fire prevention and extinguishing are automatically adjusted.

[0052] In a further implementation manner of this embodiment, the top coal caving and filling mining net-laying and slurry-blocking type support includes a top coal caving hydraulic support, an automatic net-laying device, and an isolation slurry-blocking device.

[0053] The top-coal caving hydraulic support consists of a reverse four-bar support main body, a split shield beam mechanism, and a coal-discharging mechanism. The reverse four-bar support main body includes a bearing beam 7, a reverse four-bar mechanism 9, two groups of hydraulic columns, and a base 20. The reverse four-bar mechanism 9 is hinged to the bearing beam 7, and the hinge angle is designed to be 15° to 45°. The two groups of hydraulic columns are two front columns 8 and two rear columns 10 respectively, which are hinged to the bearing beam 7 and the base 20 respectively. The split shield beam mechanism consists of a shield beam 7, a shield beam lifting oil cylinder 11, a shield beam lifting column 12, and a shield beam swing angle oil cylinder 14. The shield beam lifting column 12 is hinged to the shield beam 7. There are two shield beam lifting oil cylinders 11 and two shield beam swing angle oil cylinders 14 respectively, which are hinged to the shield beam 7 and the base 20 respectively. The split shield beam mechanism is a detachable and adjustable structure as a whole, and adapts to different mining conditions by adjusting the lengths of the shield beam 7 and the telescopic beam.

[0054] The coal-discharging mechanism includes a chute telescopic oil cylinder 16 and a chute 17. The chute 16 is inserted behind the shield beam 7 and can be telescoped by a certain length through the chute telescopic oil cylinder 17.

[0055] The automatic mesh laying device consists of an isolation net 5, a rotating shaft 19, a fixed pin 21, and an electric drive device. The isolation net 5 is wound around the rotating shaft 19. The rotating shaft 19 is fixed below the shield beam 7 of the top-coal caving hydraulic support through the fixed pin 21, and the isolation net 5 can be rotated and deployed by the electric drive device.

[0056] The isolation and slurry blocking device consists of an isolation and slurry blocking cloth 13, a rotating shaft 19, a fixed pin 21, and an electric drive device.

[0057] The isolation and slurry blocking cloth 13 is laid flat on the shield beam 7, with one end wound around the rotating shaft 19. The rotating shaft 19 is fixed below the shield beam 7 of the top-coal caving hydraulic support through the fixed pin 21. The isolation net 5 can be rotated and deployed or recovered by the electric drive device. The electric drive device is arranged at the end of the chute 17, the middle of the shield beam 7, and the rotating shaft 19, and can adjust the laying position, length, and tension of the slurry blocking cloth 13.

[0058] Each device cooperates with each other to perform process actions, complete the technological processes of coal mining, support moving, mesh laying, coal discharging, slurry blocking, filling, etc. in the horizontal slicing fully-mechanized caving and filling mining technology, and plays a role in controlling the stability of the filling body 2. The specific steps are as follows:

[0059] First step, after the coal mining process is completed, the support is moved. The support moving process is synchronized with the mesh laying process. When the top-coal caving hydraulic support moves forward, the rotating shaft 19 rotates through the electric drive device, so that the isolation net 5 is automatically deployed and laid on the upper surface of the lower horizontal slicing coal seam. Then, when the rear scraper conveyor 18 is pushed, the isolation net 5 is flattened, and the goaf on the upper surface of the lower horizontal slicing coal seam is fully covered as the working face advances.

[0060] In the second step, the coal caving process is carried out after the coal mining process, the support moving process, and the mesh laying process. The swing angle cylinder 14 of the shield beam of the top coal caving hydraulic support cooperates with the telescopic cylinder 16 of the scrapper to perform actions, completing the rotation of the shield beam 15 and the retraction of the scrapper 17. The top coal collapses and is transported out of the working face through the rear scraper conveyor 18. After all the top coal is discharged, the swing angle cylinder 14 of the shield beam and the telescopic cylinder 16 of the scrapper cooperate to perform actions, completing the outward movement of the shield beam 15 and the extension of the scrapper 17. The conveyor push-pull cylinder retracts the rear scraper conveyor 18. The coal caving process of the entire working face is completed by caving coal from the top coal caving hydraulic supports one by one or in groups.

[0061] In the third step, after the coal caving process is completed, the slurry blocking process is carried out. By controlling the stroke of the swing angle cylinder 14 of the shield beam and the telescopic cylinder 16 of the scrapper, the bottom end of the scrapper 17 fixes the slurry blocking cloth 13, so that the slurry blocking cloth 13 completely covers and closely fits the shield beam 15. The length of the slurry blocking cloth is greater than the sum of the length of the shield beam 15 and the maximum extension length of the scrapper 17. The lifting cylinder 11 of the shield beam controls the shield beam 15 to rise and seal, ensuring that the slurry can be prevented from flowing into the support and the working face.

[0062] In the fourth step, the high-level roadway filling system performs the filling and grouting process. After completion, if no coal pillar is selected to be left, coal mining can be directly carried out to start the next technological cycle; if a coal pillar is selected to be left, coal mining is carried out after the working face is transferred to start the next technological cycle.

[0063] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in a nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam, characterized in that The method includes the following steps: Dividing the nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam into different mining level sections with a thickness of 20 - 40 m; Mining the level sections by the fully-mechanized caving method. After the coal mining face advances 8 - 10 m, namely one mining and filling step distance, a slurry retaining cloth is set on the fully-mechanized top coal caving and filling mining net-laying and slurry retaining type support, and an isolation net is laid in the goaf; Performing grouting filling in the high-level technological roadway in the goaf; Among them, the adjacent level sections are filled by a special filling process, and the filling process is divided into three types: horizontal section dislocation filling, horizontal section interval filling, and horizontal section insufficient filling.

2. The method for green mining of preventing and controlling disasters by backfilling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: When dividing a separate level section, a fully-mechanized caving face is arranged horizontally and articulated with the next section for coal mining. A high-level filling roadway is excavated in the floor rock pillar at the junction of this section and the upper section to perform grouting filling in the goaf.

3. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of coal mining in the fully-mechanized caving face, after the top coal caving is completed, the hydraulic support moves forward. During the moving process, an isolation net is laid on the floor of the goaf. After the width of the goaf reaches 8 - 10 m, namely one mining and filling step distance, a slurry retaining cloth is set on the fully-mechanized top coal caving and filling mining net-laying and slurry retaining type support, and grouting filling is performed in the high-level technological roadway in the goaf.

4. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal section dislocation filling includes that after each mining and filling step distance is mined, grouting filling is timely performed in the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. After the upper and lower adjacent level sections are filled, staggered filling blocks are formed.

5. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal section interval filling includes horizontal section interval filling, horizontal section insufficient interval filling, horizontal section stepped coal pillar interval filling, and horizontal section stepped coal pillar insufficient interval filling.

6. The nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam filling and disaster prevention and control green mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal section interval filling includes that after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and grouting filling is timely performed in the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle.

7. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by backfilling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal section insufficient interval filling includes that after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and non-full grouting filling is timely performed in the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance, specifically referring to filling the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance to a filling body smaller than the height of the horizontal section. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle.

8. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in a nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal section stepped coal pillar interval filling includes that after mining one mining and filling step distance, top coal caving is carried out, and grouting filling is timely performed in the goaf formed by this mining and filling step distance. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, the coal caving process is not carried out, and grouting filling is directly carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on in a cycle. When mining the next level section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left with the upper adjacent level section to form stepped mining.

9. The nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam filling and disaster prevention and control green mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar non-full interval filling includes, after mining a mining and filling step distance, performing top coal caving, and promptly carrying out non-full filling of the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance through grouting in the high-level working roadway. Specifically, it means filling the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance with a filling body less than the horizontal sectional height. Subsequently, coal pillars at a certain distance are mined, without performing the coal caving process, and directly grouting and filling are carried out. Then, another mining and filling step distance is mined, and so on. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left with the adjacent upper horizontal section to form stepped mining.

10. The method for green mining of preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal sectional non-full filling includes horizontal sectional non-full filling and horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar non-full filling.

11. The nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam filling and disaster prevention and control green mining method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The horizontal sectional full filling includes, after mining a mining and filling step distance, performing top coal caving, and promptly carrying out non-full filling of the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance through grouting in the high-level working roadway. Specifically, it means filling the gob of each horizontal section with a filling body less than the horizontal sectional height.

12. The nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam filling and disaster prevention and control green mining method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The horizontal sectional stepped coal pillar non-full filling includes, after mining a mining and filling step distance, performing top coal caving, and promptly carrying out non-full filling of the gob formed by this mining and filling step distance through grouting in the high-level working roadway. Specifically, it means filling the gob of each horizontal section with a filling body less than the horizontal sectional height. When mining the next horizontal section, an appropriate height of coal pillar is left with the adjacent upper horizontal section to form stepped mining.

13. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before coal mining in each mining section, a high-level working roadway is set in the floor rock pillar at the boundary level between the mined section and the upper section. A filling pump is provided in the high-level working roadway. The ground grouting device transports the required slurry through the transportation pipeline to the high-level working roadway, and the slurry is pumped into the gob through the filling pump.

14. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: A low-level coal mining and caving system is arranged below each horizontal section. After the coal is caved from the coal mining face, the coal is transported out of the face by the scraper conveyor.

15. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top coal caving filling mining net-laying and slurry-blocking type support includes a top coal caving hydraulic support, an automatic net-laying device, and an isolation slurry-blocking device; the top coal caving hydraulic support consists of a reverse four-bar support main body, a split shield beam mechanism, and a coal caving mechanism.

16. The method for green mining of preventing and controlling disasters by backfilling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 15, characterized in that: The reverse four-bar support main body includes a bearing beam, a reverse four-bar mechanism, two groups of hydraulic columns, and a base. The reverse four-bar mechanism is hinged to the bearing beam, and the hinge angle is designed to be 15° - 45°. The two groups of hydraulic columns include two front columns and two rear columns, which are respectively hinged to the bearing beam and the base.

17. The nearly vertical extra-thick coal seam filling and disaster prevention and control green mining method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The split shield beam mechanism includes a shield beam, a shield beam lifting column, a shield beam lifting oil cylinder, and a shield beam swing angle oil cylinder. The shield beam lifting column is hinged to the shield beam, and the shield beam lifting oil cylinder and the shield beam swing angle oil cylinder are respectively hinged to the shield beam and the base.

18. The green mining method for preventing and controlling disasters by filling in nearly vertical extra-thick coal seams according to claim 15, characterized in that: The coal caving mechanism includes a chute and a chute telescopic oil cylinder. The chute is inserted behind the shield beam and can be telescoped through the chute telescopic oil cylinder.

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