Small-structural-parameter two-step open-stoping subsequent filling continuous mining method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, and discloses a small-structure-parameter two-step open-stope subsequent filling continuous mining method, which comprises the following steps: dividing an ore body into a plurality of mining stages, dividing each stage into a plurality of chambers, and dividing the chambers into first chambers and second chambers which are alternately arranged; the first chamber is stoped and filled, and then the second chamber is stoped; an ore removal structure is arranged at the bottom of the chamber; a rock drilling roadway is tunneled in the footwall of the chamber, and blast holes are drilled in the rock drilling roadway to form an ore removal structure; a mining preparation roadway is tunneled in the footwall of the chamber; an ore removal access road is tunneled to the rock drilling roadway in the accurate mining roadway; reserving studs on the two sides of the chamber along the trend of the ore body, arranging filling roadways in the studs, and connecting the filling roadways with the accurate mining roadways through connection roads; blasting ore breaking is conducted on the first chamber, and after ore removal is completed, a filling retaining wall is constructed and filled; and after filling, transforming the ore removal access to form an ore removal access of the second chamber, and tunneling the rock drilling roadway of the second chamber to perform blasting ore breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular relates to a two-step empty field followed by filling continuous mining method with small structural parameters. Background Art

[0002] When mining ore bodies with poor ore rock conditions and "three-under" ore bodies (ore bodies under water, under buildings and under traffic lines), it is necessary to avoid accidents caused by excessive exposure of the roof due to excessive mining parameters, which may lead to roof collapse and surface collapse. The mining methods commonly used for this type of ore body are the layered filling method and the two-step small-structure segmented empty field subsequent filling method. The layered filling method has low production efficiency, while the traditional small-structure segmented empty field subsequent filling method has technical bottlenecks such as dense mining field layout and mutual interference of mining systems, resulting in low mining efficiency and large mining engineering workload. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a two-step empty field subsequent filling continuous mining method with small structural parameters, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a two-step empty field and subsequent filling continuous mining method with small structural parameters, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Dividing the ore body into multiple mining stages, each stage is divided into multiple mining rooms, and the multiple mining rooms are divided into first mining rooms and second mining rooms that are alternately arranged; first mining the first mining room and filling it, and then mining the second mining room;

[0006] A trench mining structure is provided at the bottom of the mine room;

[0007] Excavating a rock drilling tunnel in the footwall of the mine room, and drilling blastholes in the rock drilling tunnel to form a trench mining structure;

[0008] Excavating a mining tunnel in the footwall of the mine room, wherein the mining tunnel is responsible for the mining operations of the first mine room and the second mine room in layers;

[0009] Excavating a mine exit route in the approved mining tunnel to a rock drilling tunnel, each mine exit route corresponding to the first mine room and the second mine room respectively;

[0010] Pillars are reserved on both sides of the mine room along the ore body, and filling tunnels are set in the pillars and connected with the approved mining tunnels through connecting tunnels;

[0011] The first mining room is blasted to remove the ore, and after the ore is removed, a retaining wall is constructed and backfilled;

[0012] After backfilling the first ore chamber, the ore-drawing drift is trimmed at the top and filled at the bottom to form the ore-drawing drift of the second ore chamber, and the drilling drift of the second ore chamber is driven for blasting ore caving.

[0013] Optionally, the division method of the ore body includes at least one of vertical division, horizontal division or inclined division.

[0014] Optionally, the filling material includes at least one of cemented filling body, non-cemented filling body or mixed filling body.

[0015] Optionally, the blasting ore caving adopts at least one of pre-splitting blasting, smooth blasting or directional blasting techniques.

[0016] Optionally, the length of the ore chamber along the strike is 80 - 84m, and the width is 8m.

[0017] Optionally, the dip angle of the side wall of the trench ore-drawing structure is not less than the natural angle of repose of the ore and rock, and is more than 42°.

[0018] Optionally, the dip angle of the ore-drawing drift is 7° - 8°.

[0019] Optionally, the cross-sections of the development drift, the drilling drift and the ore-drawing drift are three-centered arches, with a width × height of 4m × 3.6m.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0021] The ore body of the present invention is mined in two steps, divided into the first ore chamber and the second ore chamber along the dip. There is no need to leave a large number of permanent ore pillars for support, which can maximize the extraction of ore and achieve low-loss mining.

[0022] The present invention reasonably reduces the dip span of the ore chamber, which can reduce the exposed area of the stope and improve the safety of the stope environment to a certain extent.

[0023] The present invention adopts a trench-type bottom structure in two steps for the first ore chamber and the second ore chamber, which effectively controls the stoping range at the bottom of the stope, controls the ore dilution and loss index. The four ore chambers in each section are stratified and mined through two rows of cross-distributed ore-drawing drifts. Each row of drifts undertakes the stoping of a group of first and second step ore chambers (two layers of ore chambers). The stoping operations of the upper two layers of ore chambers do not affect the drilling and ore drawing of the lower two layers, and the two are independent of each other.

[0024] The ore-drawing drift of the second ore chamber of the present invention is formed by brushing the top and filling the bottom on the basis of the ore-drawing drift of the first ore chamber. One development main drift can undertake the ore-drawing work of four ore chambers, and the filling roadway in the intermediate pillar connected to the development main drift can also be used as the roadway for filling operations, greatly increasing the utilization efficiency of the roadway and stope, greatly saving the development and cutting workload. Using trackless equipment for ore drawing improves the operation efficiency, shortens the mining cycle of the ore block, increases the production capacity of the ore block, and makes the mining of gently inclined ore bodies more economical. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view A-A of the present invention along the dip direction of the ore body;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a plan view B-B of the present invention along the strike direction of the ore body;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view C-C of the present invention along the strike direction of the ore body.

[0029] In the drawings: 1. The first ore chamber; 2. The second ore chamber; 3. The drilling roadway; 4. The development roadway; 5. The ore-drawing drift; 6. The intermediate pillar; 7. The filling roadway; 8. The connection roadway; 9. The filling retaining wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Refer to Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a small structural parameter two-step open stoping subsequent filling continuous mining method, including the following steps:

[0033] The ore body is divided into multiple mining stages, each stage is divided into multiple ore chambers, and the multiple ore chambers are divided into alternately arranged first ore chambers 1 and second ore chambers 2; first, the first ore chamber 1 is mined and filled, and then the second ore chamber 2 is mined;

[0034] A trench ore-drawing structure is arranged at the bottom of the ore chamber;

[0035] Drive a rock-drilling roadway 3 in the footwall of the ore chamber, and drill blast holes in the rock-drilling roadway 3 to form a cut-through ore-drawing structure;

[0036] Drive a development roadway 4 in the footwall of the ore chamber. The development roadway 4 is responsible for the development operations of the first ore chamber 1 and the second ore chamber 2 in a stratified manner;

[0037] Drive ore-drawing headings 5 in the development roadway 4 to the rock-drilling roadway 3. Each ore-drawing heading 5 corresponds to the first ore chamber 1 and the second ore chamber 2 respectively;

[0038] Reserve the rib pillars 6 on both sides of the ore chamber along the strike of the ore body. Set a filling roadway 7 in the rib pillar 6 and connect it to the development roadway 4 through a connecting roadway 8;

[0039] Conduct blasting ore caving for the first ore chamber 1. After ore drawing is completed, construct a filling retaining wall 9 and conduct filling;

[0040] After the first ore chamber 1 is filled, brush the top and fill the bottom of the ore-drawing heading 5 to form the ore-drawing heading 5 of the second ore chamber 2, and drive the rock-drilling roadway 3 of the second ore chamber 2 to conduct blasting ore caving.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, the division method of the ore body includes at least one of vertical division, horizontal division or inclined division. The division method is flexibly adjusted according to different ore body occurrences (steeply inclined, gently inclined) to expand the applicability of the method.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the filling materials include at least one of cemented filling body, non-cemented filling body or mixed filling body. The non-cemented filling body (such as waste rock) can reduce the filling cost by about 20% - 30%.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, the blasting ore caving adopts at least one of the technologies of presplitting blasting, smooth blasting or directional blasting. Presplitting blasting forms a flat ore wall and reduces the probability of mixing of ore and surrounding rock. Smooth blasting reduces the damage to adjacent filling bodies caused by vibration.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the ore chamber along the strike is 80 - 84m, and the width is 8m.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall inclination angle of the cut-through ore-drawing structure is not less than the natural angle of repose of the ore and rock, and is more than 42°.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inclination angle of the ore-drawing heading 5 is 7° - 8°, which is suitable for ore drawing by trackless load-haul-dumpers.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sections of the development roadway 4, the drilling roadway 3 and the ore-drawing drift 5 are three-centered arches, with a width × height of 4 m × 3.6 m. The three-centered arch is applicable to high-stress areas, and the rectangular cross-section simplifies the construction.

[0048] Example 1: Taking a certain copper mine as an example, the thickness of some ore bodies in the copper mine is about 9 - 10 m, and the dip angle is less than 23°, belonging to gently inclined ore bodies. Considering the ore-rock conditions, the sublevel open stoping with subsequent filling method is adopted for mining, including:

[0049] The ore body is divided into stages in the vertical height, and each stage is further divided into two steps of mining, namely the first ore chamber 1 and the second ore chamber 2, along the dip. First, the first ore chamber 1 is mined and then cemented filled, and then the second ore chamber 2 is mined. Both the first ore chamber 1 and the second ore chamber 2 use the high-efficiency trough-type bottom structure for ore drawing;

[0050] A drilling roadway 3 is driven along the strike in the footwall of the ore chamber, and fan-shaped blast holes are drilled upward in the drilling roadway 3 to form a trough-type bottom structure by blasting;

[0051] In the footwall of the first ore chamber 1, a development roadway 4 along the vein is driven at a level close to the drilling roadway 3 and 40 m away from the ore body in the footwall direction, which undertakes four ore chambers (four slices), namely the first ore chamber 1, the second ore chamber 2, the first ore chamber 1 and the second ore chamber 2 continuously;

[0052] Ore-drawing drifts 5 are driven from the development roadway 4 to the drilling roadway 3 in the footwall of the ore chamber. Each ore-drawing drift in the sublevel undertakes one first ore chamber 1 and one second ore chamber 2 respectively. The ore-drawing drift 5 of the second ore chamber 2 is formed by brushing the top and filling the bottom of the ore-drawing drift of the first ore chamber 1, and the drifts of the lower two slices are staggered with those of the upper two slices;

[0053] Intermediate pillars are reserved on both sides of the ore chamber along the strike of the ore body. Horizontal filling roadways 4 are arranged in the intermediate pillars 3 and connected to the development roadway 4 through the connecting drift 8 for cemented filling operations;

[0054] The first ore chamber 0 is blasted to break the ore, and a trough bottom structure is formed at the bottom. After the ore in the stope is completely drawn out, a filling retaining wall 9 is constructed at the ore-drawing roadway to conduct cemented filling of the stope;

[0055] After brushing the top and filling the bottom of the ore-drawing drift 5 of the first ore chamber 1, the ore-drawing drift 5 of the second ore chamber 2 is formed, and a drilling roadway 3 for blasting and breaking the ore of the second ore chamber 2 is driven in the newly formed ore-drawing drift 5.

[0056] From Figure 1 and 2It can be seen that the four ore rooms in the section are mined through two rows of cross-distributed ore-drawing headings 5. Each row of headings is responsible for the mining of a group of the first ore room 1 and the second ore room 2. The mining operations of the upper two ore rooms do not affect the rock drilling and ore drawing of the lower two ore rooms, and the two are independent of each other. The ore-drawing heading 5 of the second ore room 2 is formed by brushing the top and filling the bottom on the basis of the ore-drawing heading 5 of the first ore room 1. A single development main roadway can be responsible for the ore drawing of the four ore rooms, and the connection between the development main roadway and the filling roadway 7 in the pillar also enables it to be used as a roadway for filling operations, greatly increasing the utilization efficiency of the mine roadway, achieving multiple uses of one roadway, and greatly saving the development and cutting workload.

[0057] The ore of the first ore room 1 and the second ore room 2 is poured into the ore pass by trackless equipment and then lowered to the cross-cut along the level. The dilution rate and loss rate are reduced to 5.2% and 4.6% respectively, and the development and cutting ratio per thousand tons is reduced to 4.5 m / kt, improving the production efficiency, meeting the requirements of the country's new three rates for mines, and achieving low dilution and loss and high-efficiency production.

[0058] Example 2: Taking a certain iron mine as an example, the thickness of some ore bodies in the iron mine is about 12 - 23 m, and the dip angle is 15° - 20°, belonging to gently inclined ore bodies. Using the above method, by controlling the mining range at the bottom of the ore room, the dilution rate and loss rate of the first ore room 1 and the second ore room 2 are finally reduced to 5% and 6.5% respectively, and the development and cutting ratio per thousand tons is reduced to 5.3 m / kt, improving the production efficiency, meeting the requirements of the country's new three rates for mines, and achieving low dilution and loss and high-efficiency production.

[0059] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0060] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-step open stoping subsequent backfilling continuous mining method with small structural parameters, characterized in that The steps include: Dividing the ore body into multiple mining stages, each stage being divided into multiple ore chambers, and the multiple ore chambers being divided into first ore chambers (1) and second ore chambers (2) which are arranged alternately; first mining the first ore chambers (1) and then filling them, and then mining the second ore chambers (2); Arranging a trench ore-drawing structure at the bottom of the ore chamber; Driving a drilling roadway (3) in the footwall of the ore chamber, and drilling blast holes in the drilling roadway (3) to form a trench ore-drawing structure; Driving a development roadway (4) in the footwall of the ore chamber, and the development roadway (4) is responsible for the development operations of the first ore chambers (1) and the second ore chambers (2) in a stratified manner; Driving ore-drawing accesses (5) in the development roadway (4) to the drilling roadway (3), and each ore-drawing access (5) corresponds to the first ore chambers (1) and the second ore chambers (2) respectively; Reserving rib pillars (6) on both sides of the ore chamber along the strike of the ore body, arranging a filling roadway (7) in the rib pillars (6), and connecting it to the development roadway (4) through a connecting roadway (8); Carrying out blasting ore caving for the first ore chambers (1), constructing a filling retaining wall (9) and filling after ore drawing is completed; After the first ore chambers (1) are filled, brushing the top and filling the bottom of the ore-drawing accesses (5) to form the ore-drawing accesses (5) of the second ore chambers (2), and driving the drilling roadways (3) of the second ore chambers (2) for blasting ore caving.

2. The two-step open stoping and subsequent backfilling continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The division method of the ore body includes at least one of vertical division, horizontal division or inclined division.

3. A two-step open stoping and subsequent backfilling continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that The filling materials include at least one of cemented filling body, uncemented filling body or mixed filling body.

4. A two-step open-stope subsequent filling continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blasting ore caving adopts at least one of the techniques of presplitting blasting, smooth blasting or directional blasting.

5. A two-step open stoping and subsequent backfilling continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the ore chamber along the strike is 80 - 84 m, and the width is 8 m.

6. A two-step open-stope subsequent filling continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall inclination angle of the trench ore-drawing structure is not less than the natural angle of repose of the ore and rock, and is more than 42°.

7. A two-step open-stope subsequent backfill continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclination angle of the ore-drawing access (5) is 7° - 8°.

8. A two-step open stoping subsequent filling continuous mining method with small structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross-sections of the development roadway (4), the drilling roadway (3) and the ore-drawing access (5) are three-centered arches, with a width × height of 4 m × 3.6 m.

Images