Waste incineration fly ash washing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste incineration fly ash washing device which comprises a washing shell unit which comprises a washing tank and a flue gas inlet pipe communicated with the washing tank; the heat exchange spraying unit comprises a spraying circular truncated cone communicated with the upper end wall of the water washing tank through a rotating pipe; the adaptive adjusting unit comprises a smoke exhaust pipe which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the spraying circular truncated cone and rotationally communicated with the smoke inlet pipe, and the side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe is vertically and slidably sleeved with a parallel cover parallel to the spraying circular truncated cone; the waste incineration fly ash washing method comprises the following steps that S1, flue gas generated by waste incineration sequentially penetrates through a heat exchange box and a smoke exhaust pipe through a flue gas inlet pipe to enter a parallel cavity; according to the invention, the defect that the waste incineration fly ash purification effect of the washing device is poor due to the fact that part of fly ash gas easily and directly flows out of the washing tank through gaps between spray water is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fly ash washing, and particularly to a garbage incineration fly ash washing device and method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the acceleration of the process of new urbanization construction in China, the generation and accumulation of municipal solid waste have increased year by year. At present, the main ways to treat garbage at home and abroad are sanitary landfill, composting and incineration. Among them, due to the advantages of harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of the domestic waste incineration technology, it has been widely used. A large amount of fly ash will be generated during the garbage incineration process, and these fly ashes will produce a large number of harmful substances. Therefore, a corresponding garbage incineration fly ash washing device is needed to wash these fly ashes.

[0003] When the existing garbage incineration fly ash washing device sprays and purifies the incineration flue gas, it directly discharges the gas containing soot into the washing tank. The gas at this state has a high temperature, a fast upward floating speed, a short contact time with the spray water, and the traditional countercurrent spray method does not form a closed zone. Some gases are likely to directly escape from the washing tank through the gaps between the spray water spray paths, resulting in poor purification effect of the washing device on the garbage incineration fly ash. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this part is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this part, as well as in the abstract and title of the specification of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this part, the abstract of the specification and the title of the invention. However, such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing garbage incineration fly ash washing device and method, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a garbage incineration fly ash washing device and method, which are suitable for solving the problem that the traditional spray method does not form a closed zone, and some gases are likely to directly escape from the washing tank through the gaps between the spray water spray paths, resulting in poor purification effect of the washing device on the garbage incineration fly ash.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A garbage incineration fly ash washing device, comprising:

[0008] A washing housing unit, which includes a washing tank and a flue gas inlet pipe communicated with the washing tank. The upper end of the washing tank is fixedly communicated with symmetrically positioned exhaust pipes;

[0009] A heat exchange spray unit, which includes a spray frustum communicated with the upper end wall of the water washing tank through a rotating pipe, and a plurality of evenly distributed Venturi atomizing nozzles are fixedly communicated with the lower end of the spray frustum;

[0010] An adaptation adjustment unit, which includes an exhaust pipe fixedly connected to the lower end of the spray frustum and rotationally communicated with the flue gas inlet pipe. A parallel cover parallel to the spray frustum is vertically slidably sleeved on the side wall of the exhaust pipe. A parallel cavity is provided between the upper side wall of the parallel cover and the spray frustum. Each group of Venturi atomizing nozzles forms an annular waterfall belt in the parallel cavity. Adjacent two of the annular waterfall belts divide the parallel cavity into a plurality of annular compartments. The adaptation adjustment unit further includes a power adjustment component for adaptively adjusting the size of the parallel cavity according to the flue gas volume.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the garbage incineration fly ash water washing device of the present invention, wherein: a heat exchange box is fixedly arranged on one side of the water washing tank, the flue gas inlet pipe penetrates through the heat exchange box, the heat exchange box is rotationally communicated with the top end of the rotating pipe through a steam pipe, an air pump communicated with the steam pipe is fixedly installed on the heat exchange box, the top end of the steam pipe is fixedly communicated with a water delivery pipe, and a water pump communicated with the water delivery pipe is fixedly arranged at the top end of the water washing tank.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the garbage incineration fly ash water washing device of the present invention, wherein: the heat exchange spray unit further includes a rotation drive component, which includes a speed regulation motor fixedly installed at the top end of the water washing tank and a driving gear fixedly connected to the output shaft of the speed regulation motor. A driven gear meshing with the driving gear is fixedly sleeved on the rotating pipe.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the garbage incineration fly ash water washing device of the present invention, wherein: a lifting sleeve is vertically slidably sleeved on the exhaust pipe, the lower end of the parallel cover is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the lifting sleeve, and a plurality of evenly distributed liquid dropping holes are provided through the lifting sleeve.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to the present invention, the following is provided: The power adjustment component includes a centrifugal disc fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe and a bent rod fixedly installed on the centrifugal disc. A fixed block is fixedly installed at the center of the bent rod. The two ends of the fixed block are respectively fixedly connected with a first slider and a second slider through corresponding springs. A first waterproof extrusion switch is fixedly arranged at one end of the bent rod close to the first slider, and a second waterproof extrusion switch is fixedly arranged at one end of the bent rod close to the second slider. The upper side wall of the centrifugal disc and the lower side wall of the parallel cover are fixedly connected through a plurality of evenly distributed waterproof electric telescopic rods. The first waterproof extrusion switch is used to control the extension of the waterproof electric telescopic rod, and the second waterproof extrusion switch is used to control the contraction of the waterproof electric telescopic rod. The first waterproof extrusion switch controls the air pump and the water pump to reduce the output power, and the second waterproof switch controls the air pump and the water pump to increase the output power.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to the present invention, the following is provided: The water falling on the centrifugal disc forms a barrier water belt after being horizontally thrown by the centrifugal disc.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to the present invention, the following is provided: A plurality of inclined upward smoke exhaust channels are opened at the upper end of the side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe, and all the plurality of smoke exhaust channels are arranged above the lifting sleeve.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to the present invention, the following is provided: The lower end of the water washing tank is fixedly provided with a support frame, and a viewing window is inlaid on the side wall of the water washing tank.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to the present invention, the following is provided: A sealing turntable is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe, and the sealing turntable is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the water washing tank.

[0019] A method for washing fly ash from waste incineration, the washing method is applicable to any of the above washing devices, and the washing method includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: The flue gas generated by waste incineration enters the parallel cavity through the heat exchange box and the smoke exhaust pipe in sequence through the flue gas inlet pipe. The water vapor and water in the heat exchange box are mixed at the top of the rotating pipe and then pass through the rotating pipe and the spray frustum in sequence, and are sprayed through a plurality of Venturi atomizing nozzles to form a plurality of annular waterfall belts;

[0021] S2: When the input amount of flue gas is too large, the rotational speeds of the smoke exhaust pipe and the centrifugal disc are high. The first slider is separated from the first waterproof extrusion switch, and the second slider presses the second waterproof extrusion switch. The lifting sleeve and the parallel cover move downward, the parallel cavity adapts to increase, the output power of the air pump and the water pump is enhanced, and the annular waterfall belts are denser;

[0022] S3: When the flue gas input volume is low, the exhaust pipe and the centrifugal disk rotate at low speeds. The second slider separates from the second waterproof extrusion switch, and the first slider presses the first waterproof extrusion switch. The lifting sleeve and the parallel cover move upward, the parallel cavity shrinks accordingly, the output power of the air pump and the water pump decreases, the vertical distance of the annular waterfall belt shortens, and there will be no interruption of the flow.

[0023] S4: The flue gas passes through multiple annular waterfall belts with uniform intervals in sequence and is discharged from the water washing tank through the exhaust pipe.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: It can adaptively adjust the spraying length of the atomizing spray belt, the output power of the air pump and the water pump, and the exhaust rate of the exhaust pipe according to the amount of flue gas input per unit time in the flue gas inlet pipe, and can adaptively adjust the spraying pressure of the Venturi atomizing nozzle according to the spraying length of the atomizing spray belt to ensure that there is no interruption of the flow at the lower part of the annular atomizing belt all the time. It can cool and exchange heat with the fly ash containing a large amount of heat before the fly ash enters the water washing tank, avoid the fast floating rate of the fly ash when it enters the water washing tank, extend the contact time between the fly ash gas flow and water, and can form multiple concentrically arranged closed annular atomizing belts in the parallel cavity, effectively solving the defect that the purification effect of the water washing device on the fly ash from garbage incineration is poor because some fly ash gases easily pass through the gaps between the spraying waters and directly escape from the water washing tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts. Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fly ash water washing device for garbage incineration proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange spraying unit structure of a fly ash water washing device for garbage incineration proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the adaptive adjustment unit structure of a fly ash water washing device for garbage incineration proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the rotary drive assembly structure of a fly ash water washing device for garbage incineration proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the power adjustment assembly structure of a fly ash water washing device for garbage incineration proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the parallel cover and the lifting sleeve of a garbage incineration fly ash water washing device proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the sealed turntable and the water washing tank of a garbage incineration fly ash water washing device proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the implementation steps of a garbage incineration fly ash water washing method proposed by the present invention.

[0034] Description of the drawings: 100 water washing housing unit, 101 water washing tank, 102 support frame, 103 flue gas inlet pipe, 104 exhaust pipe, 105 viewing window, 200 heat exchange spraying unit, 201 rotating pipe, 202 spraying frustum, 203 Venturi atomizing nozzle, 204 heat exchange box, 205 steam pipe, 206 air pump, 207 water delivery pipe, 208 water pump, 209 rotation drive assembly, 209a speed regulating motor, 209b driving gear, 209c driven gear, 300 adaptation adjustment unit, 301 centrifugal disc, 302 exhaust pipe, 303 exhaust duct, 304 lifting sleeve, 305 parallel cover, 306 liquid dropping hole, 307 parallel cavity, 308 annular waterfall belt, 309 annular compartment, 310 barrier water belt, 311 power adjustment assembly, 311a fixed block, 311b spring, 311c first slider, 311d second slider, 311e first waterproof extrusion switch, 311f second waterproof extrusion switch, 311g bent rod, 311h waterproof electric telescopic rod, 312 sealed turntable. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0036] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0037] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an individual or selectively exclusive embodiment with other embodiments.

[0038] Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the convenience of explanation, the cross-sectional views showing the device structure will be enlarged locally not in accordance with the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention here. In addition, in actual production, three-dimensional spatial dimensions including length, width, and depth should be included.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] Referring to Figures 1-6 FIGs. 8, a garbage incineration fly ash washing device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a washing housing unit 100, a heat exchange spraying unit 200, and an adaptation and adjustment unit 300.

[0041] Among them, the washing housing unit 100 includes a washing tank 101 and a flue gas inlet pipe 103 communicating with the washing tank 101. A support frame 102 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the washing tank 101, and a viewing window 105 is inlaid on the side wall of the washing tank 101. The support frame 102 can stably support the washing tank 101. The setting of the viewing window 105 facilitates the staff to directly observe the washing and purification effect of the garbage incineration fly ash flue gas in the washing tank 101. The upper end of the washing tank 101 is fixedly communicated with symmetrically arranged exhaust pipes 104;

[0042] Specifically, referring to Figure 2 , the heat exchange spraying unit 200 includes a spraying frustum 202 communicated with the upper end wall of the washing tank 101 through a rotating pipe 201. A plurality of evenly distributed Venturi atomizing nozzles 203 are fixedly communicated with the lower end of the spraying frustum 202. In the present invention, the Venturi atomizing nozzles 203 are all Venturi desuperheating valves. After the high-temperature steam after heat exchange is mixed with water flow and then sprayed out through the Venturi desuperheating valve, the liquefaction of the steam can be achieved, which belongs to a very mature existing technology. Therefore, the working principle thereof will not be introduced in detail here;

[0043] Furthermore, referring to Figure 3 , the heat exchange spraying unit 200 further includes a rotation driving assembly 209, which includes a speed regulating motor 209a fixedly installed at the top of the washing tank 101 and a driving gear 209b fixedly connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor 209a. The speed regulating motor 209a is a motor that adapts to different load requirements by adjusting the motor speed. It can dynamically adjust the speed during operation to meet the power output requirements under different working conditions. In the present invention, the model of the speed regulating motor 209a can be ABB ACS880 variable frequency speed regulating motor. A driven gear 209c meshing with the driving gear 209b is fixedly sleeved on the rotating pipe 201.

[0044] Furthermore, a heat exchange box 204 is fixedly provided on one side of the water washing tank 101, and the flue gas inlet pipe 103 is arranged to penetrate the heat exchange box 204. The heat exchange box 204 is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating tube 201 through the steam pipe 205. An air pump 206 connected to the steam pipe 205 is fixedly installed on the heat exchange box 204. The air pump 206 is a centrifugal steam compressor for conveying high-temperature steam. It is a specially designed fluid conveying equipment that can operate stably under high temperature and high pressure environments to ensure the steam conveying efficiency and system safety. It is suitable for large-flow steam conveying and is commonly used in steam recovery, waste heat utilization and other scenarios. A water pipe 207 is fixedly connected to the top of the steam pipe 205, and a water pump 208 connected to the water pipe 207 is fixedly provided on the top of the water washing tank 101. The water pump 208 is a mechanical equipment for conveying liquids, which belongs to a very mature prior art. Its model and specific structure are not introduced in detail here.

[0045] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The adaptive adjustment unit 300 includes a smoke exhaust pipe 302 fixedly connected to the lower end of the spray cone 202 and rotatably connected to the smoke inlet pipe 103. The vertical sliding sleeve on the side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 302 is provided with a parallel cover 305 parallel to the spray cone 202. The vertical sliding sleeve on the smoke exhaust pipe 302 is provided with a lifting sleeve 304. The lower end of the parallel cover 305 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting sleeve 304, and the lifting sleeve 304 is penetrated by a plurality of groups of evenly distributed drop holes 306. The setting of the drop holes 306 is to ensure that the water flow falling on the upper side wall of the parallel cover 305 can normally pass through the drop holes 306 and flow downward. The upper end of the side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 302 is provided with a plurality of groups of smoke exhaust ducts 303 inclined upward. The plurality of smoke exhaust ducts 303 are all arranged on the upper side of the lifting sleeve 304, and the smoke exhaust ducts 303 are inclined upward. On the top, it is to ensure that the direction of the fly ash airflow discharged through the smoke exhaust pipe 302 is inclined upward, toward the water-dense annular waterfall belt 308, to ensure that the fly ash airflow can fully contact with the water. A parallel cavity 307 is arranged between the upper side wall of the parallel cover 305 and the spray cone 202. Each group of Venturi atomizing nozzles 203 forms an annular waterfall belt 308 in the parallel cavity 307. Two adjacent annular waterfall belts 308 divide the parallel cavity 307 into a plurality of annular compartments 309. The distance between two adjacent annular waterfall belts 308 is the same, in order to ensure that each annular compartment 309 has a consistent purification effect on the fly ash airflow, and the fly ash airflow is purified layer by layer. The adaptive adjustment unit 300 also includes a power adjustment component 311 for adjusting the size of the parallel cavity 307 according to the flue gas volume.

[0046] Specifically, refer to Figure 5, the power adjustment component 311 includes a centrifugal disk 301 fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the exhaust pipe 302 and a bent rod 311g fixedly installed on the centrifugal disk 301. The water falling on the centrifugal disk 301 forms a blocking water belt 310 after being horizontally thrown by the centrifugal disk 301. The formation of the blocking water belt 310 can form a temporarily enclosed space for the space above the centrifugal disk 301, achieving the effect of temporary "water seal" to ensure that the purified air flow passing through the outermost annular waterfall belt 308 will not pass through the blocking water belt 310 and enter the lower part of the inner cavity of the water washing tank 101, avoiding the accumulation of air flow in the water washing tank 101. A fixed block 311a is fixedly installed at the center of the bent rod 311g. A first slider 311c and a second slider 311d are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the fixed block 311a through corresponding springs 311b. A first waterproof extrusion switch 311e is fixedly arranged at one end of the bent rod 311g close to the first slider 311c, and a second waterproof extrusion switch 311f is fixedly arranged at one end of the bent rod 311g close to the second slider 311d. The upper side wall of the centrifugal disk 301 and the lower side wall of the parallel cover 305 are fixedly connected by a plurality of uniformly distributed waterproof electric telescopic rods 311h. The first waterproof extrusion switch 311e is used to control the extension of the waterproof electric telescopic rod 311h, and the second waterproof extrusion switch 311f is used to control the contraction of the waterproof electric telescopic rod 311h. The first waterproof extrusion switch 311e controls the air pump 206 and the water pump 208 to reduce the output power, and the second waterproof switch controls the air pump 206 and the water pump 208 to increase the output power.

[0047] A method for washing waste incineration fly ash. The washing method is applicable to any of the above washing devices. The washing method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: The flue gas generated by waste incineration enters the parallel cavity 307 through the flue gas inlet pipe 103, passing through the heat exchange box 204 and the exhaust pipe 302 in sequence. The water vapor and water in the heat exchange box 204 are mixed at the top of the rotating pipe 201 and pass through the rotating pipe 201 and the spray frustum 202 in sequence, and are sprayed through a plurality of Venturi atomizing nozzles 203 to form a plurality of annular waterfall belts 308;

[0049] S2: When the input amount of flue gas is excessive, the exhaust pipe 302 and the centrifugal disk 301 rotate at a high speed. The first slider 311c is separated from the first waterproof extrusion switch 311e, and the second slider 311d presses the second waterproof extrusion switch 311f. The lifting sleeve 304 and the parallel cover 305 move downward, the parallel cavity 307 adapts to increase, the output power of the air pump 206 and the water pump 208 is enhanced, and the annular waterfall belt 308 becomes more dense;

[0050] S3: When the flue gas input volume is low, the rotation speeds of the exhaust pipe 302 and the centrifugal disk 301 are low, the second slider 311d separates from the second waterproof extrusion switch 311f, the first slider 311c extrudes the first waterproof extrusion switch 311e, the lifting sleeve 304 and the parallel cover 305 move upward, the parallel cavity 307 shrinks accordingly, the output powers of the air pump 206 and the water pump 208 decrease, the vertical distance of the annular waterfall belt 308 shortens, and there will be no interruption of the flow;

[0051] S4: The flue gas passes through multiple annular waterfall belts 308 with evenly spaced intervals in sequence and is discharged from the water scrubbing tank 101 through the exhaust pipe 302.

[0052] During use, the flue gas generated by garbage incineration enters the parallel cavity 307 through the flue gas inlet pipe 103, passes through the heat exchange box 204 and the exhaust pipe 302 in sequence. The water vapor and water in the heat exchange box 204 are mixed at the top of the rotating pipe 201 and pass through the rotating pipe 201 and the spray frustum 202 in sequence. The speed regulating motor 209a is started to drive the rotating pipe 201 to rotate, and multiple annular waterfall belts 308 are formed by spraying through multiple Venturi atomizing nozzles 203;

[0053] When the flue gas input volume is excessive, the rotation speeds of the exhaust pipe 302 and the centrifugal disk 301 are high, the rotation speed of the exhaust pipe 302 increases, and the exhaust rate of the flue gas therein increases accordingly. The first slider 311c separates from the first waterproof extrusion switch 311e, the second slider 311d extrudes the second waterproof extrusion switch 311f, the lifting sleeve 304 and the parallel cover 305 move downward, and the volume of the parallel cavity 307 increases accordingly. To solve the defect that the lower part of the annular waterfall belt 308 is prone to flow interruption due to the downward movement of the parallel cover 305, the second waterproof extrusion switch 311f controls the output powers of the air pump 206 and the water pump 208 to increase, and the atomized liquid flow at the lower part of the annular waterfall belt 308 is denser;

[0054] When the flue gas input volume is low, the rotation speeds of the exhaust pipe 302 and the centrifugal disk 301 are low. The rotation speed of the exhaust pipe 302 decreases, and the exhaust rate of the flue gas therein decreases accordingly. The second slider 311d separates from the second waterproof extrusion switch 311f, and the first slider 311c extrudes the first waterproof extrusion switch 311e. The lifting sleeve 304 and the parallel cover 305 move upward, and the parallel cavity 307 shrinks accordingly. To solve the defect that the horizontal throwing distance of the annular atomization zone 308 is short and the high output power of the water pump 208 and the air pump 206 easily causes waste of water flow and air flow, on the premise of ensuring that there is no interruption of the water flow at the lower part of the annular waterfall zone 308, the first waterproof extrusion switch 311e controls the output power of the air pump 206 and the water pump 208 to decrease. The flue gas passes through a plurality of evenly spaced annular waterfall zones 308 in sequence and is discharged from the washing tank 101 through the exhaust pipe 302. It can cool and exchange heat with the fly ash containing a large amount of heat before the fly ash enters the washing tank 101, avoid the fast floating rate of the fly ash when it enters the washing tank 101, extend the contact time between the fly ash gas and water, and can form a plurality of concentrically arranged closed annular atomization zones 308 in the parallel cavity 307, effectively solving the defect that part of the fly ash gas easily escapes from the washing tank 101 through the gaps between the spray waters, resulting in poor purification effect of the washing device on the fly ash from waste incineration.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] Refer to Figure 7 , the difference from Embodiment 1 is that a sealing turntable 312 is fixedly sleeved at the lower end of the exhaust pipe 302, and the sealing turntable 312 is in sealed contact with the inner wall of the washing tank 101; through the setting of the sealing turntable 312, the air flow passing through the outermost annular waterfall zone 308 can be blocked to prevent the air flow from entering the lower part of the inner cavity of the washing tank 101 and not being able to be discharged from the washing tank 101.

[0057] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A garbage incineration fly ash washing device, characterized in that, Comprising: A water-washing housing unit (100), which includes a water-washing tank (101) and a flue gas inlet pipe (103) communicating with the water-washing tank (101), and symmetrically-positioned exhaust pipes (104) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the water-washing tank (101); A heat exchange spraying unit (200), which includes a spraying frustum (202) communicating with the upper end wall of the water-washing tank (101) through a rotating pipe (201), and a plurality of evenly-distributed Venturi atomizing nozzles (203) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the spraying frustum (202); An adaptation adjustment unit (300), which includes an exhaust pipe (302) fixedly connected to the lower end of the spraying frustum (202) and rotatably communicating with the flue gas inlet pipe (103), a parallel cover (305) parallel to the spraying frustum (202) is vertically slidably sleeved on the side wall of the exhaust pipe (302), a parallel cavity (307) is provided between the upper side wall of the parallel cover (305) and the spraying frustum (202), each group of Venturi atomizing nozzles (203) forms an annular waterfall belt (308) in the parallel cavity (307), and adjacent two of the annular waterfall belts (308) divide the parallel cavity (307) into a plurality of annular compartments (309). The adaptation adjustment unit (300) further includes a power adjustment assembly (311) for adaptively adjusting the size of the parallel cavity (307) according to the flue gas volume.

2. The garbage incineration fly ash washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat exchange box (204) is fixedly arranged on one side of the water-washing tank (101), the flue gas inlet pipe (103) passes through the heat exchange box (204), the heat exchange box (204) is rotatably communicated with the top end of the rotating pipe (201) through a steam pipe (205), an air pump (206) communicated with the steam pipe (205) is fixedly installed on the heat exchange box (204), a water delivery pipe (207) is fixedly connected to the top end of the steam pipe (205), and a water pump (208) communicated with the water delivery pipe (207) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the water-washing tank (101).

3. The garbage incineration fly ash water washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange spraying unit (200) further includes a rotation driving assembly (209), which includes a speed regulation motor (209a) fixedly installed on the top end of the water-washing tank (101) and a driving gear (209b) fixedly connected to the output shaft of the speed regulation motor (209a), and a driven gear (209c) meshing with the driving gear (209b) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating pipe (201).

4. A fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lifting sleeve (304) is vertically slidably sleeved on the exhaust pipe (302), the lower end of the parallel cover (305) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the lifting sleeve (304), and a plurality of evenly-distributed liquid dropping holes (306) are provided through the lifting sleeve (304).

5. The waste incineration fly ash washing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power adjustment component (311) includes a centrifugal disk (301) fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe (302) and a bent rod (311g) fixedly installed on the centrifugal disk (301). A fixed block (311a) is fixedly installed at the center of the bent rod (311g). The two ends of the fixed block (311a) are fixedly connected to a first slider (311c) and a second slider (311d) through corresponding springs (311b) respectively. A first waterproof extrusion switch (311e) is fixedly arranged at one end of the bent rod (311g) close to the first slider (311c), and a second waterproof extrusion switch (311f) is fixedly arranged at one end of the bent rod (311g) close to the second slider (311d). The upper side wall of the centrifugal disk (301) is fixedly connected to the lower side wall of the parallel cover (305) through a plurality of groups of uniformly distributed waterproof electric telescopic rods (311h). The first waterproof extrusion switch (311e) is used to control the extension of the waterproof electric telescopic rod (311h), and the second waterproof extrusion switch (311f) is used to control the contraction of the waterproof electric telescopic rod (311h). The first waterproof extrusion switch (311e) controls the air pump (206) and the water pump (208) to reduce the output power, and the second waterproof switch controls the air pump (206) and the water pump (208) to increase the output power.

6. The water washing device for waste incineration fly ash according to claim 5, wherein: The water falling on the centrifugal disk (301) forms a blocking water belt (310) through the horizontal projection of the centrifugal disk (301).

7. A fly ash washing device for waste incineration according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of smoke exhaust channels (303) inclined upward are arranged at the upper end of the side wall of the smoke exhaust pipe (302), and all the plurality of smoke exhaust channels (303) are arranged above the lifting sleeve (304).

8. A waste incineration fly ash washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support frame (102) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the water washing tank (101), and a viewing window (105) is inlaid and installed on the side wall of the water washing tank (101).

9. A waste incineration fly ash washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing rotary disk (312) is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe (302), and the sealing rotary disk (312) is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the water washing tank (101).

10. A method for washing fly ash from waste incineration, the washing method being applicable to any one of the washing devices in the above claims 1-9, characterized in that, The water washing method includes the following steps: S1: The flue gas generated by garbage incineration enters the parallel cavity (307) through the flue gas inlet pipe (103) and passes through the heat exchange box (204) and the smoke exhaust pipe (302) in sequence. The water vapor and water in the heat exchange box (204) are mixed at the top of the rotating pipe (201) and pass through the rotating pipe (201) and the spray frustum (202) in sequence, and are sprayed through a plurality of Venturi atomizing nozzles (203) to form a plurality of annular waterfall belts (308); S2: When the input amount of flue gas is excessive, the rotation speeds of the smoke exhaust pipe (302) and the centrifugal disk (301) are high. The first slider (311c) is separated from the first waterproof extrusion switch (311e), and the second slider (311d) presses the second waterproof extrusion switch (311f). The lifting sleeve (304) and the parallel cover (305) move downward, the parallel cavity (307) adapts to increase, the output powers of the air pump (206) and the water pump (208) are enhanced, and the annular waterfall belts (308) are more dense; S3: When the flue gas input volume is low, the rotation speeds of the exhaust pipe (302) and the centrifugal disk (301) are low, the second slider (311d) separates from the second waterproof extrusion switch (311f), the first slider (311c) extrudes the first waterproof extrusion switch (311e), the lifting sleeve (304) and the parallel cover (305) move upward, the parallel cavity (307) adapts to shrink, the output powers of the air pump (206) and the water pump (208) decrease, the vertical distance of the annular waterfall belt (308) shortens, and there will be no interruption of the flow; S4: The flue gas sequentially passes through multiple annular waterfall belts (308) with uniform intervals and is discharged from the water washing tank (101) through the exhaust pipe (302).

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