Train braking and wheel track abrasive dust particle graded collection and detection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a train braking and wheel track abrasive dust particle classification collection and detection device and method. The device comprises a train braking test bed, a discharge loop, a braking system, an isolation cavity, a particle classification filtering collection device, a filter screen and a particle sedimentation collector. The braking system is arranged in the isolation cavity, and the isolation cavity is communicated with the particle grading, filtering and collecting device through the discharging loop. A multi-stage filter screen and a particle settling collector are sequentially arranged in the particle grading filtering and collecting device from top to bottom, a dynamic detection opening is formed in the side face, a particle concentration detection device is externally connected, and blocking is effectively avoided by monitoring the concentration change of particles in the device in real time and dynamically adjusting the running state of the filter screen. The device is suitable for particle detection and particle size division collection under various brake disc materials, brake pad installation modes and complex brake working conditions, particles generated by friction of a brake system and a wheel track can be detected respectively or simultaneously, and technical support is provided for research on environmental protection and performance optimization of a train brake system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of friction braking, and in particular, to a train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle grading collection and detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of rail transit vehicles, the braking system is a core component to ensure driving safety. As the mainstream braking methods, disc braking and tread braking are respectively adapted to different trains and operation scenarios, and both will generate a large amount of wear debris at the friction interface. The friction between the brake pads and the brake discs, the contact between the brake shoes and the wheels, and the interaction of the wheel-rail system together constitute the generation mechanism of multi-source particle pollution. These particles continuously accumulate during the dynamic process of train operation, forming a complex pollution problem across systems.

[0003] Wear debris particles pose a significant threat to train operation safety, public health and the ecological environment. Inside the braking system, particle aggregation will affect the stability of the friction coefficient, resulting in a decline in braking performance. Especially under long-term braking or high-frequency start-stop conditions, particle accumulation causes local overheating, accelerating material softening, crack propagation and wear deterioration, forming a vicious cycle of temperature rise and performance decline, greatly increasing the operation and maintenance costs and posing a safety hazard. From the perspective of public health, micron-sized particles can penetrate the human respiratory barrier and induce respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis after deposition in the alveoli, and may affect cardiovascular function through blood migration. Residents, passengers and operators along the railway will face significant health risks when exposed to particle environments containing heavy metals and organic pollutants for a long time. In terms of the ecological environment, particles pollute the soil and water bodies along the railway through air diffusion, reducing the regional air quality and damaging the landscape coordination. More seriously, particulate matter may react with air pollutants to form secondary pollutants with stronger toxicity, such as heavy metal complexes and acidic aerosols, causing persistent harm to the ecosystem and threatening biodiversity and regional sustainable development.

[0004] Existing train braking emission test devices have various technical defects. Their test scope mainly focuses on particle emissions from the braking system, with insufficient monitoring of the generation of wheel-rail friction particles, making it difficult to reproduce the multi-source synergistic effect scenario. Moreover, the test platform has poor compatibility and cannot support independent or synchronous tests of disc braking and tread braking. Frequent equipment switching leads to reduced efficiency and weak data comparability. The particle collection system lacks the ability of multi-source shunting and particle size grading, and the sample cross-contamination is serious, restricting in-depth analysis. The traditional filtration system is prone to clogging under continuous braking conditions, causing test interruption, reducing test continuity and driving up maintenance costs. These problems together limit the systematicness and accuracy of multi-source particle emission research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the problems that the existing train braking emission test device lacks research on wheel-rail friction particles, it is difficult to achieve accurate collection in different particle size ranges, and the accuracy and efficiency are relatively low, the present invention proposes a device and method for classifying and collecting train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particles to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present application discloses a device for classifying and collecting train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particles, including a train braking test bench, an emission circuit, a braking system, an isolation chamber, a particle classification and filtration collection device, a filter screen, and a particle sedimentation collector. The braking system and the isolation chamber are arranged on the train braking test bench. The braking system is arranged inside the isolation chamber. The isolation chamber is connected to the particle classification and filtration collection device through the emission circuit. The filter screen and the particle sedimentation collector are sequentially arranged from top to bottom inside the particle classification and filtration collection device.

[0007] Preferably, the train braking test bench includes a test bench base, a drive system, a fixed gantry, an axle weight system, and a track simulation device. The drive system, the fixed gantry, the track simulation device, and the isolation chamber are arranged on the test bench base. The fixed gantry, the axle weight system, and the track simulation device are arranged inside the isolation chamber. The drive system is connected to the track simulation device. The axle weight system and the braking system are fixedly installed on the fixed gantry.

[0008] Preferably, the braking system includes a wheel set, a brake disc, brake pads, and a tread braking module. The brake disc is arranged on the axle of the wheel set. The brake pads are arranged on both sides of the brake disc. The tread braking module is connected to the two wheels of the wheel set.

[0009] The material of the brake disc is any one of forged steel, aluminum alloy, and composite material;

[0010] The friction block parameters in the brake pads can be replaced and adjusted;

[0011] The braking system supports separate disc braking, tread braking, or combined braking tests of the two.

[0012] Preferably, the isolation chamber includes an air inlet, a partition board, an air flow cleaning device, an air outlet, and a chamber shell. The air inlet and the air outlet are respectively arranged on both sides of the chamber shell. The partition board and the air flow cleaning device are arranged inside the chamber shell. The partition board is arranged between the wheel set and the track simulation device.

[0013] Furthermore, the air flow cleaning device is selected as a compressed air spray gun.

[0014] Preferably, the particle classification and filtration collection device includes an external shell. An inlet end and a dynamic detection opening are arranged on the side of the external shell. An outlet end is arranged on the top of the external shell. An auxiliary air power device is arranged inside the external shell.

[0015] Preferably, the discharge circuit includes a first discharge circuit and a second discharge circuit. The air outlet is connected to the inlet end through the first discharge circuit, and the outlet end is connected to the air inlet through the second discharge circuit. A circulation fan is provided on the second discharge circuit, and a particle purification device is provided between the circulation fan and the air inlet. A shunt is provided on the first discharge circuit, and the shunt is externally connected to a laser particle detection device.

[0016] Furthermore, the particle purification device selects a HEPA filter.

[0017] Preferably, the filter is provided with multiple stages and is located above the inlet end. A single-stage filter includes a small-particle-size nano-layer filter, a large-particle-size nano-layer filter, and an electrostatic particle adsorption net arranged successively from top to bottom. An auxiliary aerodynamic device is provided above the small-particle-size nano-layer filter, and vibration cleaning devices are provided on the small-particle-size nano-layer filter, the large-particle-size nano-layer filter, and the electrostatic particle adsorption net.

[0018] Furthermore, the number of stages of the filter can be selected according to the particle size range in the experiment.

[0019] Preferably, the particle sedimentation collector includes a collector housing. Inclined extension plates are provided around the upper end of the collector housing, and the inclined extension plates are in contact with the inner wall of the external housing. A vibration device is provided outside the collector housing, and a funnel collecting device and a storage device are provided inside the collector housing. The storage device is provided below the funnel collecting device, and a particle emptying port is provided below the storage device.

[0020] Preferably, the dynamic detection opening is connected to a particle concentration detection device, and the particle concentration detection device is connected to the auxiliary aerodynamic device, the vibration cleaning device, and the electrostatic particle adsorption net.

[0021] This application also discloses a method for classifying, collecting, and detecting train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particles, which is realized based on the above classification collection and detection device. It can detect and collect braking particles generated under different brake disc materials, different brake pad installation methods, and braking forms (including single disc braking, tread braking, or combined braking of the two), and can also separately detect and collect wear debris particles generated by the braking system, wheel-rail friction, or the combined action of both according to the particle size range. The method includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. After cleaning the internal particles, form a circuit between the isolation cavity and the particle classification filtration and collection device through the discharge circuit;

[0023] S2. Install a particle purification device at the second discharge circuit;

[0024] S3. Start the circulation fan and the particle classification filtration and collection device;

[0025] S4. Start the drive system and axle load system to make the wheel set closely adhere to the track simulation device and drive the wheel set to rotate;

[0026] S5. Start the braking system to start the braking test;

[0027] S6. Use the laser particle detection device externally connected at the shunt of the first discharge circuit to preliminarily detect and record the abrasive particles;

[0028] S7. The abrasive particles enter the particle grading and collection device from the isolation cavity through the discharge circuit and pass through multiple stages of filter screens from bottom to top;

[0029] S8. After the test, keep the circulation fan running, release the braking system and start the air cleaning device to make the remaining particles fall off and enter the collection device with the air;

[0030] S9. Ensure that the particles are temporarily stored on the filter screen through the detection device;

[0031] S10. Clean each stage of the filter screen from bottom to top in turn, so that the abrasive particles are successively collected into the funnel device and enter the storage device, and finally discharged from the emptying port.

[0032] Advantages of the present invention:

[0033] 1. Optimization of the filter screen structure: The filter screen realizes precise filtration and collection of particle size ranges through a layered design. The electrostatic particle adsorption net dynamically adjusts the adsorption intensity to ensure unobstructed space between the nano-layers, thereby greatly reducing the risk of blockage and improving the filtration efficiency and capacity.

[0034] 2. Multi-stage filter screen grading and collection: The particle grading and filtration collection device adopts a design with gradually decreasing particle size ranges for each stage of the filter screen. The allowable particle size range gradually decreases from bottom to top, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of particle grading and collection, and ensuring precise separation and collection of particles in different particle size ranges.

[0035] 3. Dynamic monitoring and regulation: By dynamically detecting the particle concentration detection device externally connected to the opening, the concentration ratio of each stage of the filter screen is monitored in real time. When it is detected that the concentration of non-target particle size particles rises abnormally at this stage of the filter screen, the vibration cleaning device, the electrostatic particle adsorption net and the auxiliary aerodynamic device are regulated to timely remove the excess particles and keep the equipment running efficiently.

[0036] 4. Precise separation and detection of the isolation cavity: Through the partition design, separate grading filtration and collection of the abrasive particles of the braking system, the wheel-rail friction abrasive particles, and the abrasive particles generated under the combined action of both can be realized in the isolation cavity, providing precise support for multi-source particle analysis.

[0037] 5. Environmental protection and safety guarantee: The abrasive particles generated during the entire test process are enclosed in the isolation chamber or the grading filtration and collection device, preventing the leakage of abrasive particles into the atmospheric environment and avoiding adverse effects on other equipment or staff, fully demonstrating the environmental protection and safety of the device.

[0038] 6. Strong adaptability to multiple scenarios: The test bench is adapted to different brake disc materials and brake pad installation methods, and can independently conduct emission particle tests under disc braking, tread braking, and the combined action of the two braking methods, comprehensively covering a variety of complex braking conditions and meeting different research needs. Description of the Drawings

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of the train braking and wheel-rail abrasive particle grading collection and detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of the train braking test bench and braking system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 Particle grading filtration and collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic structural diagram of the single-stage filter screen according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of the particle sedimentation collector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 Schematic flow diagram in the braking emission test according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0046] 1 - Train braking test bench, 101 - Test bench base, 102 - Drive system, 103 - Fixed gantry, 104 - Axle weight system, 105 - Track simulation device, 2 - Discharge circuit, 201 - First discharge circuit, 202 - Second discharge circuit, 3 - Braking system, 301 - Wheel set, 302 - Brake disc, 303 - Brake pad, 304 - Tread braking module, 4 - Isolation cavity, 401 - Air inlet, 402 - Partition, 403 - Air flow cleaning device, 404 - Air outlet, 405 - Cavity housing, 5 - Particle classification filtration and collection device, 501 - External housing, 502 - Outlet end, 503 - Auxiliary aerodynamic device, 504 - Dynamic detection opening, 505 - Inlet end, 6 - Filter screen, 601 - Vibration cleaning device, 602 - Small particle size nano-layer filter screen, 603 - Large particle size nano-layer filter screen, 604 - Electrostatic particle adsorption net, 7 - Particle sedimentation collector, 701 - Inclined extension plate, 702 - Funnel collection device, 703 - Storage device, 704 - Vibration device, 705 - Collector housing, 706 - Particle emptying port, 801 - Particle concentration detection device, 802 - Laser particle detection device, 9 - Particle purification device, 10 - Circulation fan. Detailed implementation mode

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer and more understandable, the following provides examples with reference to the accompanying drawings to further elaborate on this application in detail.

[0048] An embodiment of this application discloses a train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device, the structure of which is as Figures 1 - 6 shown, including a train braking test bench 1, a discharge circuit 2, a braking system 3, an isolation cavity 4, a particle classification filtration and collection device 5, a filter screen 6 and a particle sedimentation collector 7. The braking system 3 and the isolation cavity 4 are arranged on the train braking test bench 1, the braking system 3 is arranged inside the isolation cavity 4, the isolation cavity 4 is connected to the particle classification filtration and collection device 5 through the discharge circuit 2, and the filter screen 6 and the particle sedimentation collector 7 are arranged inside the particle classification filtration and collection device 5 in sequence from top to bottom.

[0049] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the train braking test bench 1 includes a test bench base 101, a drive system 102, a fixed gantry 103, an axle weight system 104, and a track simulation device 105. The test bench base 101 serves as the basic support structure of the entire device, and the drive system 102, the fixed gantry 103, the track simulation device 105, and the isolation cavity 4 are arranged on the test bench base 101. The fixed gantry 103, the axle weight system 104, and the track simulation device 105 are arranged inside the isolation cavity 4, which not only effectively shields the interference of external factors during the test process but also prevents the abrasive particles from leaking into the atmospheric environment, thus avoiding potential impacts on the safety of other equipment and test personnel. The drive system 102 is connected to the track simulation device 105, and the axle weight system 104 and the braking system 3 are fixedly installed on the fixed gantry 103.

[0050] The braking system 3 includes a wheel set 301, a brake disc 302, brake pads 303, and a tread braking module 304. The brake disc 302 is arranged on the axle of the wheel set 301, the brake pads 303 are arranged on both sides of the brake disc 302, and the tread braking module 304 is connected to the two wheels of the wheel set 301. The brake disc 302 can be selected from different materials according to different test requirements, and the brake pads 303 can be replaced according to the test requirements. The braking system 3 supports tests of single disc braking, tread braking, or combined braking of both. In this embodiment, the brake disc can be forged steel, aluminum alloy, or composite material. The forged steel disc is suitable for heavy-load, long-distance, low-frequency braking scenarios (such as mountain trains and some high-speed trains) and has strong resistance to thermal deformation; the aluminum alloy disc is suitable for urban rail vehicles with light load and high-frequency start-stop (such as subways), taking into account both lightweight and low energy consumption; the composite material disc is dedicated to high-speed / special trains, and its high-temperature resistance (>1600°C) can prevent thermal fade under extreme braking. The brake pads 303 can change the size, thickness, shape, connection method, etc. of the friction blocks according to the test needs. For example, conventional friction blocks mostly adopt a design with a central hole to collect abrasive particles and reduce wear; in the ice and snow environment, a non-hole structure is used to avoid metal embedding. For medium and low-speed conventional braking conditions, a fixed connection is adopted to achieve lightweight, while for high-frequency and high-intensity braking, a floating connection is preferably selected, and the thermal deformation is compensated by disc springs and the durability is improved.

[0051] The isolation cavity 4 includes an air inlet 401, a partition 402, an air flow cleaning device 403, an air outlet 404 and a cavity housing 405. The air inlet 401 and the air outlet 404 are respectively arranged on both sides of the cavity housing 405, and both the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 402 are provided with two ports respectively at the upper and lower positions of the cavity housing 405. The partition 402 and the air flow cleaning device 403 are arranged inside the cavity housing 405, and the partition 402 is arranged between the wheel set 301 and the track simulation device 105. The partition 402 can adjust the installation position according to the test requirements. In this embodiment, the partition 402 is installed between the wheel set 301 and the track simulation device 105 for isolating different test areas. The inner surface of the cavity housing 405 is treated by an electroplating process, reducing the adhesion and aggregation of abrasive particles and further improving the accuracy of the device test results.

[0052] By conducting tests on brake discs 302 made of different materials and brake pads 303 with different installation methods, the application range is greatly expanded. At the same time, the device can realize the individual or simultaneous testing of the two braking methods of disc braking and tread braking without replacing the braking device, significantly improving the test efficiency. In addition, by arranging the partition 402 between the wheel set 301 and the track simulation device 105, the abrasive particles generated by the braking system and the abrasive particles generated by the wheel-rail friction can be further separated according to the specific test situation, realizing the independent detection and collection of particles.

[0053] As Figure 3 shown, the particle grading filtration and collection device 5 includes an external housing 501. The side of the external housing 501 is provided with an inlet end 505 and a dynamic detection opening 504, the top of the external housing 501 is provided with an outlet end 502, and an auxiliary aerodynamic device 503 is arranged inside the external housing 501. The isolation cavity 4 is connected to the particle grading filtration and collection device 5 for realizing the precise screening and collection of the particle size of the brake emissions through an emission circuit 2, and the emission circuit 2 is driven by a circulation fan 10. The emission circuit 2 includes a first emission circuit 201 and a second emission circuit 202. The air outlet 404 is connected to the inlet end 505 through the first emission circuit 201, the outlet end 502 is connected to the air inlet 401 through the second emission circuit 202, and the circulation fan 10 is arranged on the second emission circuit 202 near the air inlet 401. To ensure the accuracy of the filtration process, a particle purification device 9 is arranged between the air inlet 401 and the circulation fan 10 for removing other particle pollutants in the initial air flow. The first emission circuit 201 is provided with a shunt at the position of the air outlet 404, and the shunt is externally connected to a laser particle detection device 802. This device is used to monitor the particle size and concentration changes of the particles in the gas particles discharged from the isolation cavity 4 in real time, so as to obtain the preliminary data of the abrasive particles and provide a reference for subsequent particle grading filtration and analysis.

[0054] As Figure 4As shown, the filter screen 6 has multiple stages. The multi-stage filter screen 6 is arranged above the inlet end 505. The single-stage filter screen 6 is composed of a three-layer structure, including a small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 602, a large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 603, and an electrostatic particle adsorption net 604 arranged from top to bottom in sequence. The auxiliary aerodynamic device 503 is arranged above the small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 602. Vibration cleaning devices 601 are arranged on the small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 602, the large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 603, and the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604. The vibration cleaning device 601 adopts an electric drive mode to clean the attached particles and ensure the filtering performance. The single-stage filter screen 6 uses a mechanical capture method to filter and collect the passing grinding debris. Its working principle is to use the pore sizes of the upper and lower nano-layer filter screens to determine the particle size range of the captured particles. Specifically, the lower large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 603 will capture particles with a particle size larger than its pore size and allow particles with a smaller particle size to pass through. The same is true for the upper small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen 602. In this way, the single-stage filter screen 6 completes the capture of particles in a certain particle size range. At the same time, the particle size range allowed to pass through the multi-stage filter screen 6 from bottom to top gradually decreases, thereby completing the classification filtration and capture of particles. The number of stages of the filter screen can be selected according to the particle size range in the experiment.

[0055] In this embodiment, the grinding debris particles generated inside the braking system 3 on the train braking test bench 1 or the grinding debris particles generated by the friction between it and the track simulation device 105, under the action of the circulation fan 10, enter through the air as a carrier from the lower inlet end 505 of the particle classification filtration and collection device 5, pass through the multi-stage filter screen 6 for layer-by-layer filtration, and then return to the second discharge loop 202 from the top outlet end 502 of the particle classification filtration and collection device 5. During the experiment, the number of stages of the filter screen 6 can be adjusted according to the particle size range of the particles generated in the experiment to achieve more accurate partition filtration and collection.

[0056] Furthermore, the dynamic detection opening 504 is externally connected to a particle concentration detection device 801 for detecting the change in particle concentration inside the particle classification filtration and collection device 5. The particle concentration detection device 801 is connected to the auxiliary aerodynamic device 503, the vibration cleaning device 601, and the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604. When the particle concentration detection device 801 detects that there are other particles outside the preset capture particle size range in this stage of the filter screen 6 and the concentration rises abnormally, the vibration cleaning device 601, the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604, and the auxiliary aerodynamic device 503 in the filter screen 6 are regulated through a negative feedback mechanism to timely clean the excess particles, prevent blockage, and keep the equipment running efficiently.

[0057] As Figure 5As shown in the figure, the particle sedimentation collector 7 includes a collector housing 705. Around the upper end of the collector housing 705, there are inclined extension plates 701. The surfaces of the inclined extension plates 701 are treated with low-friction and anti-adhesion, and are in contact with the inner wall of the external housing 501. A vibration device 704 is arranged outside the collector housing 705, and a funnel collection device 702 and a storage device 703 are arranged inside. The storage device 703 is arranged below the funnel collection device 702. A particle emptying port 706 is arranged below the storage device 703, which is used to conveniently remove the collected particles.

[0058] The surface of the train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device disclosed in this embodiment is treated by an electroplating layer process to enhance particle fluidity and collection effect. During the collection process, following the collection process from bottom to top along the multi-stage filter screen 6, that is, first collecting the wear debris in the large particle size range, and then gradually collecting the wear debris in the smaller particle size range, so as to achieve precise separation and collection according to the particle size range. After the test, the tester can easily take out the collected wear debris particles through the particle emptying port 706 below the storage device 703.

[0059] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a method for classifying and collecting and detecting train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particles, which is realized based on the above train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device. It can detect the braking particles generated under different brake disc materials, different brake pad installation methods and braking forms (including single disc braking, tread braking or combined braking of the two), and collect them according to the particle size range. At the same time, it can also separately detect and collect the wear debris particles generated by the braking system, wheel-rail friction or the combined action of both according to the particle size.

[0060] Reference Figure 6 , specifically including the following steps:

[0061] S1. First, connect the discharge circuit 2 to the atmospheric environment externally, start the circulation fan 10, and detect whether there are other particles in the device through the laser particle detection device 802 and the particle concentration detection device 801. When it is detected that the particles have been cleaned up, turn off the circulation fan 10 and disconnect the discharge circuit 2 from the atmospheric environment.

[0062] S2. After the internal environment is cleaned, install a particle purification device 9 at the second discharge circuit 202. This particle purification device uses a HEPA filter screen, which can ensure that all other particles contained in the air during the test are excluded, so that the collected and detected particles all come from the braking system.

[0063] S3. Start the circulation fan 10 and the particle classification and filtration collection device 5 to ensure the air circulation in the device.

[0064] S4. Start the drive system 102 to drive the track simulation device 105 to rotate through the clutch. At the same time, start the axle load system 104 to bring the track simulation device 105 into close contact with the wheel set 301, thereby driving the wheel set 301 to reach the test target speed.

[0065] Since the debris generated by wheel-rail friction is not within the detection range before the wheel set 301 reaches the set speed, it is necessary to exclude its interference. At this time, first adjust the position of the partition 402 so that it is located in the middle position between the upper and lower ports of the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 404, ensuring that the air in the discharge circuit 2 enters from the air inlet 401 below the isolation cavity 4 and flows out from the air outlet 404 below. At the same time, install a cleaning device at the air outlet 404 to eliminate the influence of its debris particles on the test results, and remove the cleaning device when the formal test starts.

[0066] S5. When the wheel set 301 reaches the target speed, start the braking system 3, disconnect the clutch between the drive system 102 and the track simulation device 105, and turn off the drive system 102 to officially start the braking test.

[0067] Conduct debris particle emission tests for train disc brakes, tread brakes, or combined braking of both separately according to the test requirements. By adjusting the position of the partition 402 and controlling the flow of the upper and lower air inlets 401 and air outlets 404, emission tests for the braking system, wheel-rail system, or combined braking of both can be conducted separately. It is also possible to conduct braking emission tests for different brake disc 302 materials according to the test requirements, such as forged steel, aluminum, and composite materials. At the same time, braking emission tests for different brake pad 303 installation methods can also be conducted, such as changing parameters such as the friction block connection method, size, thickness, and angle.

[0068] S6. During the test, the debris particles generated in the isolation cavity 4 are discharged from the air outlet 404 by the circulating air. At the same time, use the laser particle detection device 802 externally connected to the branch of the first discharge circuit 201 to detect the debris particles generated in the isolation cavity 4 to ensure the accuracy of the particle detection data.

[0069] The air with debris particles enters the device from the inlet end 505 below the particle classification filtration and collection device 5 through the first discharge circuit 201, passes through the multi-stage filter screen 6 from bottom to top in sequence, and then enters the second discharge circuit 202 from the outlet end 502 above the device.

[0070] When the brake disc is made of aluminum or composite material (low magnetism or no magnetism), an air ionization device is installed at the inlet end 505 to make the particles carry negative charges before entering the filter 6. The large-particle-size nano-layer filter 603 and the small-particle-size nano-layer filter 602 set in the filter capture the particles in the particle size range, and the multi-stage multi-filter 6 gradually reduces the particle size range allowed to pass from top to bottom to achieve the classification and multi-filtering of particles. The dynamic detection opening 504 is connected to the particle concentration detection device 801 to monitor the particle concentration and particle size of each stage of the filter 6 in real time. When the concentration of particles that do not meet the set particle size range on the filter 6 is monitored to rise, the auxiliary air power device 503, the vibration cleaning device 601 and the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604 are linked through the negative feedback mechanism to immediately clean up excess particles to prevent blockage and ensure the filtration efficiency and stability of equipment operation.

[0071] S8. After the brake test is completed, the circulating fan 10 is kept running, the brake system 3 is released and the airflow cleaning device 403 is started to remove the particles on the brake system. The laser particle detection device 802 and the particle concentration detection device 801 are used to confirm whether the particles are completely adsorbed on the filter screen 6.

[0072] S9, closing the circulation fan 10 to maintain the particles temporarily stored on the filter screen 6 through the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604 and the auxiliary air power device 503, ensuring that the particles are in a temporary storage state.

[0073] S10 cleans the filter screens 6 of each stage from bottom to top, and assists the wear debris particles to fall into the particle settling collector 7 by breaking the electrostatic particle adsorption net 604 and starting the vibration cleaning device 601. With the help of the inclined extension plate 701 and the vibration device 704, the particles are collected into the funnel device 702 and enter the storage device 703, and the particle emptying port 706 of the storage device 703 is opened to complete the particle collection work.

[0074] In summary, the present application provides a device and method for intelligent classification collection and detection of train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particles. Through the optimized design of the multi-stage filter screen 6, accurate classification filtration and storage of particles according to particle size ranges are achieved, not only improving the filtration efficiency but also reducing the risk of blockage. The dynamic monitoring and intelligent regulation function can monitor the change of particle concentration during the filtration process in real time, and adjust the adsorption intensity of the filter screen 6 and the vibration cleaning device 601 to ensure the long-term efficient operation of the equipment. This device is adapted to different brake disc 302 materials, brake pad 303 types and braking methods, and can study the wear debris particles generated by the braking system and the wheel-rail system separately, or study their combined effects, providing extensive support for multi-scenario emission tests. At the same time, the classified storage of wear debris particles by the device provides more possibilities for subsequent research on particle characteristics and component analysis, and effectively avoids the impact of particle leakage on the environment and equipment. Through accurate and efficient classification collection and comprehensive adaptability, a new solution is provided for train braking emission research.

[0075] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle grading collection and detection device, characterized in that It includes a train braking test bench (1), an exhaust circuit (2), a braking system (3), an isolation cavity (4), a particle classification filtration and collection device (5), a filter screen (6) and a particle sedimentation collector (7). The braking system (3) and the isolation cavity (4) are arranged on the train braking test bench (1), the braking system (3) is arranged inside the isolation cavity (4), the isolation cavity (4) is connected to the particle classification filtration and collection device (5) through the exhaust circuit (2), and the filter screen (6) and the particle sedimentation collector (7) are sequentially arranged inside the particle classification filtration and collection device (5) from top to bottom.

2. The train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The train braking test bench (1) includes a test bench base (101), a drive system (102), a fixed gantry (103), an axle load system (104) and a track simulation device (105). The drive system (102), the fixed gantry (103), the track simulation device (105) and the isolation cavity (4) are arranged on the test bench base (101), the fixed gantry (103), the axle load system (104) and the track simulation device (105) are arranged inside the isolation cavity (4), the drive system (102) is connected to the track simulation device (105), and the axle load system (104) and the braking system (3) are fixedly installed on the fixed gantry (103).

3. The train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The braking system (3) includes a wheel set (301), a brake disc (302), brake pads (303) and a tread braking module (304). The brake disc (302) is arranged on the axle of the wheel set (301), the brake pads (303) are arranged on both sides of the brake disc (302), and the tread braking module (304) is connected to the two wheels of the wheel set (301); The material of the brake disc (302) is any one of forged steel, aluminum alloy and composite material; The friction block parameters in the brake pads (303) can be replaced and adjusted; The braking system (3) supports separate disc braking, tread braking or combined braking tests of both.

4. The train braking, wheel-rail wear debris particle grading collection and detection device according to claim 3, wherein The isolation cavity (4) includes an air inlet (401), a partition (402), an air flow cleaning device (403), an air outlet (404) and a cavity housing (405). The air inlet (401) and the air outlet (404) are respectively arranged on both sides of the cavity housing (405), the partition (402) and the air flow cleaning device (403) are arranged inside the cavity housing (405), and the partition (402) is arranged between the wheel set (301) and the track simulation device (105).

5. The train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that The particle classification filtration and collection device (5) includes an external housing (501). An inlet end (505) and a dynamic detection opening (504) are arranged on the side of the external housing (501), an outlet end (502) is arranged on the top of the external housing (501), and an auxiliary aerodynamic device (503) is arranged inside the external housing (501).

6. The train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device according to claim 5, wherein The discharge loop (2) includes a first discharge loop (201) and a second discharge loop (202). The air outlet (404) is connected to the inlet end (505) through the first discharge loop (201), and the outlet end (502) is connected to the air inlet (401) through the second discharge loop (202). A circulation fan (10) is provided on the second discharge loop (202), and a particle purification device (9) is provided between the circulation fan (10) and the air inlet (401). A shunt is provided on the first discharge loop (201), and the shunt is externally connected to a laser particle detection device (802).

7. The train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle grading collection and detection device according to claim 6, wherein The filter screen (6) is provided with multiple stages and is located above the inlet end (505). Each single-stage filter screen (6) includes a small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen (602), a large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen (603), and an electrostatic particle adsorption net (604) arranged in sequence from top to bottom. An auxiliary aerodynamic device (503) is provided above the small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen (602), and vibration cleaning devices (601) are provided on the small-particle-size nano-layer filter screen (602), the large-particle-size nano-layer filter screen (603), and the electrostatic particle adsorption net (604).

8. The train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The particle sedimentation collector (7) includes a collector housing (705). An inclined extension plate (701) is provided around the upper end of the collector housing (705), and the inclined extension plate (701) abuts against the inner wall of the external housing (501). A vibration device (704) is provided outside the collector housing (705), and a funnel collection device (702) and a storage device (703) are provided inside the collector housing (705). The storage device (703) is provided below the funnel collection device (702), and a particle emptying port (706) is provided below the storage device (703).

9. The train braking, wheel-rail wear debris particle grading collection and detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dynamic detection opening (504) is connected to a particle concentration detection device (801), and the particle concentration detection device (801) is connected to the auxiliary aerodynamic device (503), the vibration cleaning device (601), and the electrostatic particle adsorption net (604).

10. A train braking and wheel-rail wear debris particle classification collection and detection method, characterized in that Implemented based on the classification collection and detection device according to any one of claims 1-9, it can detect and collect braking particles generated under different brake disc materials, different brake pad installation methods, and braking forms according to particle size ranges. At the same time, it can also separately detect and collect wear debris particles generated by the braking system, wheel-rail friction, or the combined action of both, including the following steps: S1. After cleaning the internal particles, form a loop between the isolation cavity (4) and the particle classification and filtration collection device (5) through the discharge loop (2); S2. Install a particle purification device (9) at the second discharge loop (202); S3. Start the circulation fan (10) and the particle classification and filtration collection device (5); S4. Start the drive system (102) and the axle load system (104) to make the wheel set (301) closely contact the track simulation device (105) and drive the wheel set (301) to rotate; S5. Start the braking system (3) to start the braking test; S6. Use the laser particle detection device (802) externally connected at the shunt of the first discharge circuit (201) to preliminarily detect and record the abrasive particles; S7. The abrasive debris enters the particle classification and collection device (5) from the isolation cavity (4) through the discharge circuit (2) and passes through multiple stages of filter screens (6) from bottom to top; S8. After the test, keep the circulation fan (10) running, release the braking system (3) and start the air cleaning device (403) to make the remaining particles fall off and enter the collection device with the air; S9. Ensure that the particles are temporarily stored on the filter screen (6) through the detection device; S10. Clean each stage of the filter screen (6) from bottom to top, so that the abrasive debris is successively collected into the funnel device (702) and enters the storage device (703), and finally is discharged from the emptying port (706).

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