Water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM-based water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction method and system, relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and solves the problem that all stages are difficult to cooperate due to the fact that existing water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction engineering planning is lack of accurate data analysis and simulation prediction. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that engineering data are collected and processed; building a BIM (Building Information Modeling); simulating and optimizing a construction scheme; construction progress management and control; construction resource management; quality safety management; construction collaboration and communication; delivery of a completion model and preparation of operation and maintenance; according to the method, the detailed three-dimensional model is established based on the BIM technology, accurate data analysis and simulation prediction are performed based on the three-dimensional model, and cooperation of all stages is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and more specifically, it relates to a construction method and system for water conservancy and hydropower engineering based on BIM. Background Technique

[0002] As a key part of the country's infrastructure construction, water conservancy and hydropower engineering plays a crucial supporting role in the national economic development and social stability. It covers many complex buildings and facilities such as dams, hydropower stations, and water conveyance channels. The construction process involves multiple disciplines such as hydrology, geology, architecture, and machinery, with extremely high technical difficulties. For example, the construction of a dam needs to consider various factors such as the structural stability of the dam body, flood control capacity, and water resource utilization efficiency; the design and construction of a hydropower station involve complex technologies such as water energy conversion and power transmission.

[0003] In the traditional construction mode of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in the project planning stage, it mainly relies on experience and simple calculation methods, lacking accurate data analysis and simulation prediction, which easily leads to unreasonable planning. In the design stage, two-dimensional drawings are used to represent three-dimensional engineering structures, the information display is not intuitive, the collaborative design between different specialties is difficult, and design changes are frequent. During the construction process, the progress management relies on manual calculation and experience judgment, the resource allocation is unbalanced, often resulting in material waste and equipment idleness. The quality and safety management is mostly post-inspection, lacking real-time monitoring and early warning mechanisms, and it is difficult to effectively prevent problems before they occur. When entering the operation and maintenance stage, due to incomplete and irregular information records in the early stage, it is difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to quickly and accurately obtain key information such as the operation status and maintenance history of equipment, resulting in low operation and maintenance efficiency and shortened equipment service life.

[0004] Therefore, this application proposes a construction method and system for water conservancy and hydropower engineering based on BIM to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a construction method and system for water conservancy and hydropower engineering based on BIM to solve the problem that the existing water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction lacks accurate data analysis and simulation prediction in the project planning, resulting in difficulties in the collaborative cooperation of each stage. This application establishes a detailed three-dimensional model based on BIM technology, conducts accurate data analysis and simulation prediction based on the three-dimensional model, and realizes the collaborative cooperation of each stage.

[0006] The present application first provides a construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM, including: S1. Engineering data collection and processing: Obtain topographic and geological data of the construction site of the water conservancy and hydropower project based on measuring equipment, construct an engineering database based on the topographic and geological data, and preprocess the topographic and geological data; S2. BIM model construction: Based on the preprocessed topographic and geological data, use BIM software to construct a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project to obtain a BIM model. The BIM model includes: a structural model and a geological model of the building; S3. Construction plan simulation and optimization: Simulate different construction plans in the BIM model. The configuration factors of the construction plan include: construction sequence, construction method, and construction equipment. Determine the optimal construction plan through simulation and optimization; S4. Construction progress management and control: Obtain the construction progress plan and associate it with the BIM model, collect the actual construction progress in real time and update the BIM model, calculate the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress. If the deviation is greater than the progress deviation threshold, adjust the construction progress plan; S5. Construction resource management: Based on the BIM model, count the quantity and type of resources required for construction, and determine the supply and allocation of resources according to the construction progress plan; S6. Quality and safety management: Mark key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model, obtain the predicted quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points based on the BIM model, collect the actual quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points during the construction process, and compare the deviation between the predicted quality and safety data and the actual quality and safety data. When the deviation is greater than the quality and safety threshold, generate a quality and safety warning message; S7. Construction collaboration and communication: Build a collaborative work platform on the BIM platform, share the information of each construction participant in real time based on the collaborative work platform, and carry out collaborative work; S8. Completion model delivery and operation and maintenance preparation: After the project is completed, update the BIM model based on the actual construction data to form a completion model.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, in S1, the topographic and geological data are preprocessed; including: Filtering the topographic and geological data based on the improved median filtering method. The improved median filtering method is:

[0008]

[0009] where g(x,y) is the value of the filtered topographic / geological data point, f(i,j) is the value of the original topographic / geological data point, S xy is the filtering window centered at (x,y), and n is the number of data points in the filtering window.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, in S1, the topographic and geological data are preprocessed; further including: Based on the multi-source data fusion algorithm, eliminate the data deviation between different measuring devices; Set up automatic calibration nodes to regularly check and adjust the accuracy of the measuring devices.

[0011] In a possible implementation, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain a BIM model, including: adopting a multi-layer geological body modeling method, stratifying the geological body according to different strata and lithologies for layer-by-layer modeling, connecting the layers through specific geological structure relationships, determining the parameters of each layer based on topographic and geological data, and obtaining the BIM model.

[0012] In a possible implementation, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain a BIM model; it also includes: introducing an intelligent component association mechanism: setting a unique label for the components in the BIM model, where the label contains lifecycle information: installation time, maintenance records, and wear degree, collecting the wear degree of the components in real time through Internet of Things sensors and updating the wear degree of the components in the BIM model, evaluating the health status of the components based on historical maintenance data and machine learning algorithms, and generating warning information for components with a health status below the standard.

[0013] In a possible implementation, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain a BIM model; it also includes: introducing a groundwater flow field simulation function: using CFD software to simulate the groundwater flow field, generating a groundwater flow path map in combination with topographic and geological data, and adding the groundwater flow path map to the BIM model; performing a coupled analysis of the interaction between the groundwater flow field and the geological structure through the BIM model.

[0014] In a possible implementation, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain a BIM model; it also includes: integrating an augmented reality function on the BIM platform: loading the BIM model through an AR application on a mobile device, presenting virtual reality in the AR interface, marking the modification points in the AR interface and reflecting the modification points to the BIM model; implementing a fine-grained permission management system in the BIM platform: granting different operation permissions to different participants, where the operation permissions allow access to or editing of specific content, recording log information and saving a new version after each edit is completed.

[0015] In a possible implementation, in S3, the optimal construction plan is determined through simulation optimization, including: determining the configuration factors of the optimal construction plan based on a genetic algorithm, and its fitness function is:

[0016] F = Q / (C × T)

[0017] where F is the fitness value, Q is the construction task volume, C is the equipment usage cost, and T is the construction time.

[0018] In a possible implementation, in S4, the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress is calculated, including: calculating the construction progress deviation and cost deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress by using the earned value method, and the formulas are as follows:

[0019] Construction progress deviation = Budgeted cost of work performed - Budgeted cost of work scheduled

[0020] Cost deviation = Budgeted cost of work performed - Actual cost of work performed

[0021] Among them, Budgeted cost of work performed = Quantity of work completed × Budget unit price, Budgeted cost of work scheduled = Quantity of work scheduled × Budget unit price, and Actual cost of work performed = Quantity of work completed × Actual unit price.

[0022] This application also provides a BIM-based construction system for water conservancy and hydropower projects, which is used to implement the above-mentioned BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects. The system includes: an engineering data collection and processing module, which is used to obtain topographic and geological data of the construction site of the water conservancy and hydropower project based on measuring equipment, construct an engineering database based on the topographic and geological data, and preprocess the topographic and geological data; a BIM model construction module, which is used to construct a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project by using BIM software based on the preprocessed topographic and geological data to obtain a BIM model. The BIM model includes: a structural model and a geological model of the building; a construction plan simulation and optimization module, which is used to simulate different construction plans in the BIM model. The configuration factors of the construction plan include: construction sequence, construction method, and construction equipment, and determine the optimal construction plan through simulation and optimization; a construction progress management and control module, which is used to obtain the construction progress plan and associate it with the BIM model, collect the actual construction progress in real time and update the BIM model, calculate the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress, and adjust the construction progress plan if the deviation is greater than the progress deviation threshold; a construction resource management module, which is used to count the quantity and types of resources required for construction based on the BIM model, and determine the supply and allocation of resources according to the construction progress plan; a quality and safety management module, which is used to mark key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model, obtain the predicted quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points based on the BIM model, collect the actual quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points during the construction process, and compare the deviation between the predicted quality and safety data and the actual quality and safety data. When the deviation is greater than the quality and safety threshold, generate a quality and safety warning message; a construction collaboration and communication module, which is used to build a collaborative work platform on the BIM platform, and share the information of each construction participant in real time based on the collaborative work platform for collaborative work; a completed model delivery and operation and maintenance preparation module, which is used to update the BIM model based on the actual construction data after the project is completed to form a completed model.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: various measurement devices are used to collect on-site data of water conservancy and hydropower projects, such as obtaining geographical location information by GNSS, obtaining three-dimensional terrain point cloud data by laser scanning, etc., and the terrain data is processed by an improved median filtering algorithm to ensure data accuracy; a three-dimensional model is constructed based on the processed data, and a multi-layer geological body modeling method is adopted for complex geological structures; this process solves the problems of lack of accurate data analysis in the planning stage, unintuitive information display in the design stage, and difficulty in collaborative design in the traditional mode. The accurate data provides a scientific basis for project planning and makes the planning more reasonable; the three-dimensional model can visually present the project structure, and professionals in various fields can work collaboratively based on this model, effectively reducing design changes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, form a part of this application, and do not limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of collision detection between the traffic tunnel at the flood discharge outlet and the panel anchor cables below the cantilever of the outlet slope;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of collision detection between the first-level slope in area B of the outlet slope of the flood discharge structure and the anchor cables of the branch tunnel side tunnel;

[0028] Figure 4 is a layout plan of the feeding line at the flood discharge inlet;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the best installation coordinates of the concrete placer;

[0030] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of a water conservancy and hydropower project construction system based on BIM provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] In the following, the term "comprise" or "may comprise" that may be used in various embodiments of the present application indicates the presence of the claimed functions, operations, or elements, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Further, as used in various embodiments of the present application, the terms "comprise", "have" and their cognates are only intended to indicate the presence of specific features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing items, and should not be construed as precluding the presence or addition of the possibility of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing items.

[0032] The terms used in the various embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the various embodiments of the present application. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of the present application belong. The terms (such as those defined in a general use dictionary) will be interpreted as having the same meaning as the contextual meaning in the relevant technical field and will not be interpreted as having an idealized meaning or an overly formal meaning unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0033] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application more clear and understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present application are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown Figure 1Flow chart of the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects provided by the embodiments of the present application. The method includes: S1. Engineering data collection and processing: obtaining topographic and geological data of the construction site of the water conservancy and hydropower project based on measuring equipment, constructing an engineering database based on the topographic and geological data, and preprocessing the topographic and geological data; S2. BIM model construction: constructing a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project using BIM software based on the preprocessed topographic and geological data to obtain a BIM model, where the BIM model includes: a structural model and a geological model of the building; S3. Construction plan simulation and optimization: simulating different construction plans in the BIM model, where the configuration factors of the construction plan include: construction sequence, construction method, and construction equipment, and determining the optimal construction plan through simulation optimization; S4. Construction progress management and control: obtaining the construction progress plan and associating it with the BIM model, collecting the actual construction progress in real time and updating the BIM model, calculating the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress, and adjusting the construction progress plan if the deviation is greater than the progress deviation threshold; S5. Construction resource management: counting the quantity and types of resources required for construction based on the BIM model, and determining the supply and allocation of resources according to the construction progress plan; S6. Quality and safety management: marking key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model, obtaining the predicted quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points based on the BIM model, collecting the actual quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points during the construction process, comparing the deviation between the predicted quality and safety data and the actual quality and safety data, and generating a quality and safety warning message when the deviation is greater than the quality and safety threshold; S7. Construction collaboration and communication: building a collaborative work platform on the BIM platform, sharing the information of all construction participants in real time based on the collaborative work platform, and carrying out collaborative work; S8. Completion model delivery and operation and maintenance preparation: after the project is completed, updating the BIM model based on the actual construction data to form a completion model.

[0035] Specifically, engineering data collection and processing: It is to collect topographic and geological data at the construction site of water conservancy and hydropower projects using a variety of measurement devices, including using GNSS to obtain accurate geographical location information, obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data of the terrain through laser scanning, and integrating data from different sources to form a unified engineering database; preprocessing the collected data, removing noise points and outliers, and converting the data format into a format compatible with BIM software to ensure the accuracy and availability of the data. Among them, the accuracy of topographic data is controlled within ±0.1m, and the layering accuracy of geological data reaches below 0.5m. BIM model construction: It is to build a three-dimensional model of water conservancy and hydropower projects using BIM software based on the processed data, including the structural model and geological model of the main buildings; during the model construction process, set the parameters of the model according to engineering design specifications and standards to ensure that the model conforms to the actual engineering design. Among them, the geometric dimension error of the dam model does not exceed ±0.05m compared with the design drawings. Construction plan simulation and optimization: It is to simulate different construction plans in the BIM model, considering factors such as construction sequence, construction methods, and construction equipment configuration; by analyzing the simulation results, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each construction plan and select the optimal construction plan. The time accuracy of construction progress simulation is in days, and the accuracy of cost calculation reaches within ±5%. Construction progress management and control: It is to associate the construction progress plan with the BIM model and track the construction progress in real time; according to the actual construction situation, update the progress information in the BIM model in a timely manner, compare the planned progress with the actual progress, and if there is a deviation, analyze the reasons and adjust the construction plan to ensure that the construction progress meets the expectations, and the progress deviation is controlled within ±10%. Construction resource management: It is to use the BIM model to count the quantity and types of resources required for construction; according to the construction progress plan, reasonably arrange the supply and allocation of resources to avoid resource waste and shortages, and the accuracy rate of the material supply plan reaches over 95%. Quality and safety management: It is to mark key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model; during the construction process, through the comparison of on-site monitoring data with the BIM model, timely discover quality and safety problems and take corresponding measures for rectification. Construction collaboration and communication: It is to realize information sharing and collaborative work among all parties involved in the construction based on the BIM platform; all parties can communicate the problems and solutions in the construction in real time on the platform to improve communication efficiency and collaborative effect. Completion model delivery and operation and maintenance preparation: It is to improve and update the BIM model after the project is completed to form a completion model, which contains detailed information on the actual construction of the project; deliver the completion model to the operation and maintenance party to provide basic data support for the operation and maintenance management of water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0036] Regarding step S1, engineering data collection and processing. In a possible implementation manner, in S1, preprocess the topographic and geological data; including: performing filtering processing on the topographic and geological data based on the improved median filtering method, and the improved median filtering method is:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, g(x, y) is the value of the filtered topographic / geological data point, f(i, j) is the value of the original topographic / geological data point, S xy is the filtering window centered on (x, y), and n is the number of data points within the filtering window.

[0039] Specifically, a high-precision GNSS receiver (such as Trimble DINI03) can be used to evenly distribute measurement points at the construction site of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The spacing between measurement points is set according to the terrain complexity, generally between 5 and 20 meters, to obtain geographical location information accurate to the centimeter level. At the same time, an advanced Riegl VZ-400i laser scanner is used to scan the terrain, and the scanning resolution is set to 0.5 - 1 centimeter to ensure the acquisition of high-density and accurate three-dimensional point cloud data. For geological data, geological drilling is combined with geological radar detection. The positions of geological drilling holes are arranged according to the geological complexity, with no less than 10 drilling holes per square kilometer, and the line spacing of geological radar detection is 5 - 10 meters to obtain detailed geological stratification and lithology information.

[0040] The collected topographic and geological data are imported into professional Geomagic Wrap software for preprocessing. For topographic data, the improved median filtering algorithm is used (the filtering window is set to 3×3 - 7×7 according to the terrain undulation), and filtering processing is performed according to the formula to remove noise points and outliers (outliers are judged by setting the threshold of the elevation difference between the data point and the surrounding points to 0.3 - 0.8 meters). Then, the processed data is converted into a.dgn format compatible with BIM software (such as Bentley OpenRoads Designer), ensuring that the accuracy of topographic data is controlled within ±0.1 meters, and the stratification accuracy of geological data reaches below 0.5 meters, ensuring the accuracy and usability of the data.

[0041] In a possible implementation manner, the topographic and geological data are preprocessed in S1; it further includes: based on the multi-source data fusion algorithm, eliminating data deviations between different measurement devices; setting up automatic calibration nodes to regularly check and adjust the accuracy of measurement devices.

[0042] Specifically, for the systematic errors existing between different measurement devices (such as GNSS, laser scanners), an adaptive correction algorithm based on machine learning can be developed. By analyzing the characteristic patterns in the historical dataset, the algorithm automatically adjusts the deviations between sensors to ensure long-term stable data consistency. For example, a random forest regression model is used as the core algorithm. The input parameters include environmental variables such as timestamps, position coordinates, temperature, and humidity, as well as the readings of each sensor. The output is the corrected accurate position information. To achieve this goal, at least one year of historical measurement data needs to be collected as a training sample library first. The algorithm is written using the Python programming language in combination with the Scikit-learn library and iteratively optimized multiple times until satisfactory accuracy is achieved. Finally, the trained model is deployed to the cloud server and can be called by on-site devices through the API interface.

[0043] Meanwhile, multiple fixed reference points are arranged at the construction site as automatic calibration nodes. Each node is equipped with a high-precision static GNSS receiver and environmental monitoring sensors. These nodes execute the automatic calibration program once every two weeks to correct the positions of all mobile devices using RTK differential positioning technology. For this purpose, a supporting wireless communication protocol can also be designed to enable mobile devices to automatically connect to the nearest calibration node. A script is written to automatically schedule the calibration tasks and upload the results to the central database for archiving. In this way, not only the accuracy of all mobile measurement devices is guaranteed, but also the overall work efficiency is improved.

[0044] Regarding the construction of the BIM model in step S2. Before construction, the construction unit can establish a detailed three-dimensional model through BIM technology, including terrain and landforms, engineering structures, and construction site layouts, etc. These models can intuitively display the overall picture of the project, facilitating the formulation and optimization of construction plans. For example, through the three-dimensional model, complex structures such as spillway tunnels, intake towers of flood discharge tunnels, intake control sections of spillway tunnels, and outlet slopes of water discharge structures can be clearly displayed, helping construction personnel plan the construction progress and resource allocation preparations in advance. These detailed three-dimensional models not only improve the accuracy and efficiency of construction but also effectively reduce potential problems and rework risks.

[0045] The software involved in the present invention includes Revit, Rhino, Solidworks, Fuzor, Contextcapture, Sketchup, etc.; Revit is one of the most commonly used BIM software at present and is widely used in architectural design and construction management; Rhino and Solidworks excel in complex surface modeling and mechanical system design; Fuzor and Contextcapture are good at creating realistic construction scene simulations, and Sketchup is suitable for quickly generating and modifying models due to its simplicity and ease of use; through the application of these software, 3D modeling and BIM technology provide powerful tools for the construction industry, promoting the intelligence and efficiency of the design and construction processes.

[0046] In a possible implementation manner, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed by using BIM software to obtain a BIM model; it includes: adopting a multi-layer geological body modeling method, stratifying the geological body according to different strata and lithologies for layered modeling, connecting the layers through specific geological structure relationships, and determining the parameters of each layer according to topographic and geological data to obtain the BIM model.

[0047] Specifically, taking the powerhouse of a hydropower station as an example, according to the engineering design blueprint, the structural model of the powerhouse can be accurately created in the BIM software, and the dimensional parameters of each part of the powerhouse can be set in detail. For example, the length error of the main machine room is controlled within ±0.03 meters, the width error is within ±0.02 meters, and the height error is within ±0.04 meters. For the important equipment foundations in the powerhouse, fine modeling is carried out according to the equipment installation requirements to ensure that the positions of the reserved holes are accurate, with a deviation not exceeding ±5 millimeters. During the modeling process, in strict accordance with the engineering design specifications and standards, accurate material properties are assigned to different structural members, such as concrete strength grades, steel bar models, etc., so that the model highly conforms to the actual engineering design.

[0048] For complex geological areas, a multi-layer geological body modeling method is adopted. According to geological exploration data, the geological body is divided into multiple strata, such as strongly weathered rock strata, weakly weathered rock strata, slightly weathered rock strata, etc. The thickness of each layer is determined according to the drilling results, with an error not exceeding 0.2 meters. For special geological structures such as unconformity surfaces between strata, specific geometric models are established for accurate simulation, and the fitting degree of the undulating form of the unconformity surface with the actual measurement data reaches more than 95%. When modeling each layer of the geological body, its physical and mechanical parameters, such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc., are determined based on lithology test data, providing an accurate basis for subsequent construction analysis.

[0049] In a possible implementation, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain a BIM model; it further includes: introducing an intelligent component association mechanism: setting a unique tag for the components in the BIM model, where the tag contains life cycle information: installation time, maintenance records, and wear degree. The wear degree of the components is collected in real time through IoT sensors and the wear degree of the components in the BIM model is updated. The health status of the components is evaluated based on historical maintenance data and machine learning algorithms, and warning information is generated for components with a health status below the standard.

[0050] Specifically, intelligent tags containing information such as their installation time, maintenance records, and wear status can be added to each key structural component. Select RFID or two-dimensional code form as the tag carrier to ensure its durability and readability; use NFC chips to store additional metadata, such as manufacturing batch number, quality assurance period, etc.; complete the tag binding work and enter the initial information during the factory prefabrication stage; use a handheld terminal to read the tags during construction to update the current construction progress and other relevant information; during the operation and maintenance stage, the required information can be quickly obtained through a mobile phone APP.

[0051] Combined with IoT technology, install a sensor network at important locations to continuously collect parameters such as temperature, humidity, and stress changes; deploy a LoRaWAN low-power wide area network to cover the sensor nodes throughout the construction site, and use an edge computing gateway to preprocess the data locally to reduce transmission delay and improve the response speed; determine the type and distribution density of sensors according to project requirements to ensure that key parts are fully monitored, and regularly maintain the sensors to ensure their normal operation. Adjust the layout according to the actual situation when necessary.

[0052] Use the accumulated historical operation data to train a machine learning model to identify potential failure risks in advance; construct a long short-term memory network to process time series data and predict possible future failures; combine expert knowledge to formulate a rule engine to supplement the anomaly detection logic; integrate data streams from different sources to form a unified data warehouse, regularly evaluate the model performance, and continuously improve the prediction accuracy according to the latest data; this helps to formulate a preventive maintenance plan, thereby extending the facility life and reducing unexpected downtime.

[0053] In a possible implementation, in S2, a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain a BIM model; it further includes: introducing an underground water flow field simulation function: using CFD software to simulate the underground water flow field, generating an underground water flow path map in combination with terrain and geological data, and adding the underground water flow path map to the BIM model; performing a coupling analysis on the interaction between the underground water flow field and the geological structure through the BIM model.

[0054] Specifically, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software can be used to create a detailed map of the underground water flow path and embed it into the BIM model; ANSYS Fluent or OpenFOAM can be selected as the main simulation tool to simulate the groundwater flow; the simulation results can be visually displayed on the BIM platform for designers to intuitively understand; a three-dimensional geological model can be established based on the geological exploration report as the basis for CFD simulation, and boundary conditions and initial parameters can be set to ensure the authenticity of the simulation. Finally, the simulation results are analyzed, optimization suggestions are put forward and applied to the actual design.

[0055] For complex geological phenomena such as geological faults or karst caves, fluid-structure interaction simulation is carried out; COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to construct a multi-physics coupling model, the possibility of rock deformation under hydraulic action is considered, the pile foundation layout or slope reinforcement strategy is adjusted; necessary geological parameters such as geotechnical mechanical properties and permeability coefficients are collected, reasonable mesh division criteria are defined to ensure the calculation efficiency and result reliability, and the design scheme is revised according to the simulation conclusions to ensure the safety and stability of the project.

[0056] In a possible implementation, in S2, a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project is constructed using BIM software to obtain the BIM model; it also includes: integrating the augmented reality (AR) function on the BIM platform: loading the BIM model through the AR application on the mobile device, performing virtual reality presentation in the AR interface, marking the modification points in the AR interface and reflecting the modification points to the BIM model; implementing a fine-grained permission management system in the BIM platform: different operation permissions are granted to different participants, and the operation permissions allow access to or editing of specific content. After each edit is completed, log information is recorded and a new version is saved.

[0057] Specifically, integrate the augmented reality (AR) function on the BIM platform: Existing AR applications can be integrated on the BIM platform, or an AR application can be customized specifically for designers and construction workers. This AR application supports the two major mainstream operating systems, iOS and Android, and has the ability to browse offline; it has a built-in cloud synchronization function to keep the BIM model on the central server synchronized; it has a built-in marking function that allows instant annotation and synchronization with the BIM model; it provides graphic elements in a variety of colors and styles for users to choose from, facilitating the differentiation of different types of problems; it supports voice notes and linked documents to enrich the information expression method; the user interface is friendly, simplifies the operation process, realizes the cloud synchronization function, and ensures that all relevant parties can view the latest changes in a timely manner; it provides a "perspective" mode that allows users to simultaneously see the actual site conditions and the BIM model superimposed on it, uses SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology to achieve precise positioning, compares and analyzes the differences between the real-time image and the BIM model to assist in decision-making; the algorithm is optimized to ensure stable operation in complex environments; detailed operation guides are provided to help users get started quickly.

[0058] Implement a fine-grained permission management system in the BIM platform: The access levels can be detailedly divided according to the different departments and individual responsibilities involved in the project; the project manager has the highest level of control, while ordinary employees are only limited to browsing specific parts of the information; a temporary authorization mechanism allows for the granting of additional permissions in special circumstances; a permission management system is established to clarify the various roles and their corresponding permission scopes, and the existing permission settings are regularly reviewed to ensure compliance with the latest business requirements.

[0059] Each operation will be completely recorded by the system for post-event review or dispute resolution; details such as the timestamp, IP address, and specific behavior of the operation are recorded; a convenient log retrieval interface is provided, supporting filtering by various conditions such as keywords and time periods; a reliable log management tool, such as the ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), is selected to ensure efficient data management and visualization display; the log files are regularly backed up to prevent data loss.

[0060] Introduce a workflow management concept similar to Git to ensure that data is not lost due to misoperations; each change forms a new branch, retaining the complete change history; a one-key rollback function is provided, allowing users to easily revert to any previous state; a distributed version control system, such as GitLab, is built to manage different versions of the BIM model; relevant personnel are trained to master basic version control operations, such as committing, merging, and rolling back.

[0061] It is understandable that by integrating the augmented reality (AR) function on the BIM platform, designers can intuitively visualize the future building in the on-site environment through the AR application on the mobile device, thus better understanding the actual effect of the design solution. When potential problems are found, they can be directly marked and modified on the AR interface, and these changes will be immediately reflected in the BIM model. Implementing a fine-grained permission management system in the BIM platform can ensure that only authorized personnel can access or edit specific content, retain log information for later auditing and problem tracking, save a new version every time an edit is completed, and roll back historical versions to protect data integrity.

[0062] In addition, in the engineering data collection and processing in S1 and the BIM model construction step in S2, the oblique photography technology and BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology can also be combined. The combination of oblique photography technology and BIM technology demonstrates strong application potential in the field of construction engineering, especially in projects with complex terrains and structures. Oblique photography is a technology that generates high-precision 3D models by taking photos from multiple angles. These high-precision 3D models can provide detailed terrain, landform, and building structure information for the BIM system, optimizing the design, construction, and management processes. The combination of oblique photography technology and BIM technology has outstanding effects in five aspects: data collection, modeling, design optimization, construction management, and operation and maintenance management:

[0063] 1) Data collection: Through multi-angle aerial photography, the oblique photography technology can quickly obtain high-resolution images of large areas. Compared with traditional ground surveys, oblique photography has the advantages of high speed, wide coverage, and high accuracy. These high-precision image data can be directly imported into the BIM system to generate detailed 3D terrain models, which can provide more accurate and detailed geographical information for large-scale water conservancy projects.

[0064] 2) Modeling: After importing the data collected by oblique photography into the BIM system, detailed 3D models can be quickly generated. These models not only contain terrain and landform information but also can accurately display the appearance and structural details of buildings. Through the 3D models generated by oblique photography, designers can more intuitively understand the project site conditions and conduct more accurate designs. For example, in water conservancy projects, key structures such as dams, spillways, and intakes can be accurately modeled to optimize the design scheme.

[0065] 3) Design optimization: Using the 3D models generated by oblique photography, the BIM system can perform more accurate design optimization. In the design stage, designers can conduct various simulations and analyses in the 3D models, such as flood simulation, structural stress analysis, etc., to optimize the design scheme and avoid potential problems. For example, in the design of hydropower stations, designers can accurately calculate the water flow path through the 3D model to optimize the design of spillways and intakes to ensure the safety and efficiency of the project.

[0066] 4) Construction management During the construction phase, the combination of oblique photography and BIM can significantly improve construction management efficiency. Through the oblique photography technology, the construction party can regularly obtain the latest 3D data of the construction site and update the BIM model in real time. This real-time updated 3D model can help construction managers with progress monitoring, quality control, and safety management. For example, in complex water conservancy projects, construction managers can accurately locate each construction node through the 3D model to ensure that the construction proceeds as planned, reducing rework and waste.

[0067] 5) Operation and maintenance management After the project is completed, oblique photography and BIM technology also play an important role in operation and maintenance management. Through oblique photography, operation and maintenance personnel can regularly obtain the 3D data of the project site, compare it with the BIM model, and monitor the operation status and structural changes of the project. For water conservancy projects, operation and maintenance personnel can monitor the status of key structures such as dams and spillway tunnels through the 3D model, timely discover and handle potential problems, and ensure the long-term safe operation of the project.

[0068] Regarding the simulation and optimization of the construction plan in step S3. In large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects, the construction of complex shapes is a major difficulty; and the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects provided by the present invention benefits from the constructed BIM model and can perform collision detection to discover and solve design conflicts between different processes; for example, the excavation and support in civil engineering construction can be clearly displayed and adjusted through the BIM model to avoid rework and waste during construction, as Figure 2 shown in the figure, which is a schematic diagram of the collision detection between the traffic tunnel of the flood discharge outlet and the anchor cable of the panel below the cantilever of the outlet slope. Among them, the green anchor cable intersects and interferes with the traffic tunnel of the flood discharge outlet. After adjusting the dip angle of the anchor cable by Revit to avoid the traffic tunnel, it timely avoids design risks for the design institute; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the collision detection between the first-level slope in area B of the outlet slope of the water discharge structure and the anchor cable of the side tunnel of the branch tunnel. Among them, the red anchor cable intersects and interferes with the side tunnel of the branch tunnel. By adjusting the dip angle of the anchor cable through Sketchup to avoid the traffic tunnel in time, the anchoring depth of the anchor cable is ensured, and the slope is stressed stably.

[0069] Similarly, the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects provided by the present invention benefits from the constructed BIM model and can also perform parametric design and optimization. Through the simulation and analysis of different design schemes, the technical department can select the optimal design scheme to improve the overall efficiency and effect of the project; for example, in the design of the import feeding system, different paths can be planned to optimize the design parameters to ensure safety, economy, and improve construction quality. For example, the layout planning of the flood discharge inlet feeding line, as Figure 4As shown below. First, through on-site surveys and existing measurement data, a detailed three-dimensional digital model is established, including the precise positions and dimensions of the feeding line structure, electrical appliances, and other related components. The BIM model is used to optimize the path of the feeding system. Through simulation analysis, the shortest, safest, and most economical feeding path can be determined, avoiding potential obstacles and risks during the feeding process. The path optimization considers not only distance but also factors such as transportation time, construction space, construction quality, and safety.

[0070] In addition, the construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM provided by the present invention benefits from the constructed BIM model and can also optimize the construction plan and conduct 4D construction simulation. For example, Figure 4 As shown in the layout plan of the flood discharge inlet feeding line. When planning, the backfilling of the left pier foundation was not considered, and only two tower bases were relied on for feeding. Due to the large amount of backfilling of the left pier foundation, the feeding intensity of the tower bases could not meet the quality requirements, and it was necessary to temporarily add a batching machine and columns. According to the measurement data, the on-site terrain was restored, and the best installation coordinates of the batching machine were selected through animation simulation (while conducting collision detection 4), as shown in Figure 5 As shown below.

[0071] In a possible implementation manner, the optimal construction plan is determined through simulation optimization in S3; including: determining the configuration factors of the optimal construction plan based on the genetic algorithm, and its fitness function is:

[0072] F = Q / (C × T)

[0073] Wherein, F is the fitness value, Q is the construction task volume, C is the equipment usage cost, and T is the construction time.

[0074] Specifically, different construction plans are comprehensively simulated in the BIM model. Taking the construction of a water conveyance channel as an example, various construction sequences are considered, such as the segmented construction sequence (the length of each segment is determined to be 100 - 500 meters according to the total length of the channel and construction conditions), the segmented intermittent construction sequence, etc.; different construction methods, such as the cast-in-place method and the precast assembly method; and different construction equipment configurations, such as the model of the excavator (the bucket capacity ranges from 0.5 - 1.5 cubic meters), the load capacity of the transport vehicle (5 - 20 tons), etc. At the same time, various working conditions during the construction process are simulated, such as the impact of the change in the groundwater level in different seasons on the construction.

[0075] Optimize the construction equipment configuration using the genetic algorithm, set the genetic algorithm parameters, with the population size ranging from 30 to 80, the crossover probability ranging from 0.6 to 0.8, and the mutation probability ranging from 0.03 to 0.08. Based on the construction task volume (such as the concrete pouring volume or earthwork excavation volume of the water conveyance channel), equipment usage cost (including equipment purchase, rental, fuel consumption, maintenance, etc.), and construction time, calculate through the fitness function. After 50 - 150 iterations of calculation, obtain the optimal construction plan, which can improve the construction efficiency by 15% - 30% and reduce the cost by 10% - 20%. The time accuracy of the construction progress simulation is in days, and the cost calculation accuracy reaches within ±5%.

[0076] Regarding the construction progress management and control in step S4. Through the BIM model, the engineering quantity can be accurately calculated, and a detailed budget and cost plan can be formulated. During the construction process, the actual consumption of materials can be monitored in real time, and the cost plan can be adjusted in a timely manner to avoid overspending and waste. For example, through the BIM model of the feeding system, the material list and budget price list of the entire feeding system can be calculated, and the material procurement and usage plan can be optimized.

[0077] In a possible implementation manner, calculate the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress in S4; including: calculating the construction progress deviation and cost deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress using the earned value method, and the formulas are as follows:

[0078] Schedule Variance (SV) = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP) - Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS)

[0079] Cost Variance (CV) = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP) - Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP)

[0080] Among them, BCWP = Completed Workload × Budget Unit Price, BCWS = Planned Workload × Budget Unit Price, ACWP = Completed Workload × Actual Unit Price. By calculating the deviation value, adjust the input of construction resources and the construction sequence in a timely manner to ensure that the project proceeds as planned.

[0081] Specifically, create a detailed construction progress plan in the BIM software, decompose the construction tasks of the water conveyance channel into multiple work packages, such as channel excavation, foundation treatment, lining construction, etc. Each work package specifies its start time, end time, and duration, with the time accuracy in days. Accurately associate the progress plan with the corresponding components in the BIM model (such as different sections of the channel, foundation structure, etc.) to ensure the visual management of the construction progress.

[0082] During the construction process, collect the actual construction progress data every day, including the completed workload (such as the excavation length of the channel, the lining area, etc.), the actual construction time, and the actual cost. Use the earned value method to calculate the schedule variance (SV) and cost variance (CV). If the schedule variance (SV) exceeds ±10%, analyze the reasons in a timely manner, such as insufficient skills of construction personnel, equipment failures, weather impacts, etc. Take corresponding measures according to the reasons, such as adding skilled workers, dispatching spare equipment, adjusting the construction sequence (such as carrying out the work not affected by the weather first), etc., to ensure that the construction progress meets the expectations and effectively avoid project delays.

[0083] Regarding the construction resource management in step S5. The BIM model can be used to automatically count the quantity and types of construction resources required. Taking the dam construction as an example, accurately calculate the total amount of concrete required (with an error not exceeding ±2%), the total weight of steel bars (with an error not exceeding ±1%), the total area of formwork (with an error not exceeding ±3%), and the quantity of various construction machinery and equipment (such as cranes, concrete mixers, etc.). Combining with the construction progress plan, analyze the peaks and troughs of resource requirements in different construction stages, and draw the resource requirement curve to provide a scientific basis for resource procurement and allocation.

[0084] By integrating the BIM model with the resource management system (such as the SAP ERP system), realize the dynamic allocation of resources. According to the changes in the construction progress, such as the advancement or delay of the dam concrete pouring progress, adjust the procurement plan of materials (such as cement, aggregates, etc.) in real time, advance or postpone the procurement time, and adjust the procurement quantity (with an error not exceeding ±5%). At the same time, optimize the allocation of equipment (such as concrete mixing plants, transport vehicles, etc.), reasonably plan the transportation routes, improve the equipment utilization rate, avoid resource waste and shortages, and the accuracy rate of the material supply plan reaches over 95%.

[0085] Regarding the quality and safety management in step S6. A BIM-based quality and safety management database can be established, associating the quality acceptance standards and safety operation procedures information with the components in the BIM model; during on-site inspections, quickly obtain relevant quality and safety information by scanning the QR codes of the components.

[0086] For example, in the BIM model, based on the project quality acceptance standards and safety operation procedures, accurately mark the key quality control points (such as the concrete pouring and vibrating parts, the dam filling and compaction parts, etc.) and safety risk points (such as the high slope operation areas, the large mechanical equipment operation areas, etc.) in the dam construction, establish a BIM-based quality and safety management database, closely associate information such as concrete strength standards, compaction requirements, and safety protection facility standards with the components in the BIM model, and achieve quick query and positioning through the unique codes of the components.

[0087] Monitoring equipment shall be installed at key positions on the construction site, such as temperature sensors during concrete pouring (with a layout spacing of 1 - 3 meters), total stations for dam displacement monitoring (with a monitoring point spacing of 10 - 30 meters), video surveillance cameras in safety - risk areas, etc. Monitor data shall be collected regularly (the data collection frequency is determined according to the construction stage and risk level. For example, the temperature monitoring frequency during the initial stage of concrete pouring is once per hour, and once every 4 hours in the later stage), and be compared in real - time with the quality and safety standards in the BIM model. Once quality and safety problems are detected, such as the concrete temperature being too high (exceeding the upper limit allowed by the specification by 2 - 5°C) or the dam displacement exceeding the warning value (the warning value is determined according to the design requirements, such as the horizontal displacement exceeding 5 - 10 mm), corresponding measures shall be taken immediately for rectification, such as adjusting the concrete mix ratio, adding cooling water pipes, strengthening the dam, etc., to ensure project quality and construction safety.

[0088] Regarding the construction coordination and communication in step S7. A collaborative work platform shall be built mainly on the BIM platform to facilitate information sharing and collaborative work among all parties involved in the construction.

[0089] For example, a cloud - based BIM collaborative work platform (such as the Autodesk BIM360 platform) can be built, and personnel from the construction unit, design unit, construction unit, supervision unit, etc. in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects shall be included in the platform. Comprehensive information such as the BIM model of the project, design drawings (including drawings of various specialties, such as architecture, structure, water and electricity, etc.), construction plans (including detailed construction techniques and technical measures), progress plans (with real - time updated progress status), quality and safety standards (clarifying various quality and safety indicators) shall be shared on the platform to ensure that all parties can obtain the latest and most accurate project information in real - time, and the information update delay does not exceed 1 hour.

[0090] All parties can communicate in real - time on the platform about the problems and solutions in construction through instant messaging tools (such as the built - in chat function and video conferencing function on the platform). For example, during the construction of the dam, if the construction unit finds that there is a conflict between the steel bar layout in the design drawings and the actual construction conditions, it can immediately initiate a discussion on the platform, upload on - site photos and relevant materials, and the design unit shall check and reply with a solution within 24 hours, such as modifying the steel bar layout or adjusting the construction process. For quality and safety problems that occur at the construction site, all parties shall jointly analyze them on the platform, formulate rectification measures, and track the rectification process to improve communication efficiency and collaborative effect, and avoid construction delays and quality and safety accidents caused by poor information flow.

[0091] Regarding the delivery of the as - built model and operation and maintenance preparation in step S8. The BIM model for as - built delivery can be lightweighted by using methods based on geometric compression and attribute reduction to reduce the data volume of the model while retaining key information.

[0092] For example, after the completion of the project, the BIM model is comprehensively improved and updated to accurately reflect all change information during the construction process (including design change notices, engineering negotiation records, construction deviation adjustment records, etc.) in the model. Details such as the change in the concrete strength grade actually poured for the dam, the actual adjustment of the external dimensions (with an error not exceeding ±0.05 meters), and the actual position of equipment installation (with a deviation not exceeding ±10 millimeters) are included. All parties are organized to jointly review the as-built model, and the review content includes the integrity, accuracy of the model information, and its consistency with the actual project. The review passing rate reaches over 98%.

[0093] The as-built model is lightweight processed using a method based on geometric compression and attribute reduction. By optimizing the geometric structure of the model (such as simplifying the geometric details of non-critical parts and reducing the number of model vertices and faces by 30% - 50%) and merging duplicate attribute information (such as merging the attributes of components with the same material), while retaining key information (such as information related to the structural safety of the dam and the operating parameters of major equipment), the data volume of the model is reduced by 60% - 80%, improving the loading and browsing speed of the model. The lightweight processed as-built model is delivered to the operation and maintenance party in a common format (such as IFC format), and a detailed model usage manual and operation and maintenance data dictionary are provided, providing comprehensive and accurate basic data support for the operation and maintenance management of water conservancy and hydropower projects, facilitating operation and maintenance personnel to quickly locate equipment, query maintenance history, formulate maintenance plans, etc., improving operation and maintenance efficiency, and extending the service life of equipment.

[0094] In summary, the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects of the present invention uses a variety of measurement devices to collect on-site data of water conservancy and hydropower projects, such as obtaining geographical location information through GNSS and obtaining terrain three-dimensional point cloud data through laser scanning, and processes the terrain data through an improved median filtering algorithm to ensure data accuracy; a three-dimensional model is constructed based on the processed data, and a multi-layer geological body modeling method is adopted for complex geological structures; this process solves the problems of the traditional mode lacking accurate data analysis in the planning stage, non-intuitive information display in the design stage, and difficult collaborative design. The accurate data provides a scientific basis for project planning, making the planning more reasonable; the three-dimensional model can visually present the project structure, and professionals in various fields can collaborate based on this model, effectively reducing design changes.

[0095] Moreover, for the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects, various construction plans are simulated in the BIM model, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the configuration of construction equipment, and the optimal plan is determined based on the simulation results. At the same time, the construction schedule plan is associated with the BIM model, and the earned value method is used to calculate the schedule deviation, solving the problem of extensive management caused by manual calculation and experience judgment in the traditional construction process; simulating and optimizing the construction plan can reasonably plan resources in advance and avoid equipment idleness and material waste; the earned value method accurately grasps the schedule deviation by comparing the budgeted cost of work performed, the budgeted cost of work scheduled, and the actual cost of work performed, and timely adjusts the input and sequence of construction resources to ensure that the construction schedule meets expectations.

[0096] Moreover, for the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects, the construction resources are counted with the help of the BIM model and integrated with the resource management system to achieve dynamic allocation of resources, and the procurement plan and transportation route of materials and equipment are adjusted in real time according to the changes in the construction schedule; the key quality control points and safety risk points are marked in the BIM model, a BIM-based quality and safety management database is established and associated with the components, and problems are promptly discovered by comparing the on-site monitoring data with the model. After the project is completed, the BIM model is improved and updated into an as-built model and lightweight processed for delivery to the operation and maintenance party.

[0097] Moreover, for the BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects, by adopting the multi-source data fusion technology, the accuracy and reliability of engineering data collection and processing are enhanced; the intelligent component association mechanism is introduced to realize the intelligent management of the entire life cycle of components and improve the maintenance warning ability; the underground water flow field simulation function is added to improve the design rationality and safety of geologically complex areas; the augmented reality (AR) function is integrated into the BIM platform, enabling designers to directly view virtual structures at the construction site and optimizing the actual effect evaluation of the design scheme; a fine-grained permission management system is implemented to ensure the security and integrity of the BIM model data; these features jointly promote the efficient collaborative work among different participants in the construction process of water conservancy and hydropower projects, ensuring the information accuracy and real-time nature in each stage from project planning, design, construction to operation and maintenance, and greatly improving the overall management level and execution efficiency of the project; solving the problems of unbalanced resource allocation, lagging quality and safety management, and difficult information acquisition in the operation and maintenance stage in the traditional mode; dynamically allocating resources can improve resource utilization efficiency; comparing and monitoring data in real time can promptly rectify quality and safety problems; the as-built model provides key information such as the equipment operation status and maintenance history for operation and maintenance personnel, improving the operation and maintenance efficiency, extending the service life of equipment, and solving the problems of unreasonable planning, difficult design collaboration, extensive schedule and resource management, lagging quality and safety management, and insufficient operation and maintenance support in the traditional construction method.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 6 as shown Figure 6It is a structural diagram of a BIM-based construction system for water conservancy and hydropower projects provided by an embodiment of the present application. The system is used to implement the above-mentioned BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects, including: Engineering data acquisition and processing module: used to obtain topographic and geological data of the construction site of water conservancy and hydropower projects based on measuring equipment, construct an engineering database based on the topographic and geological data, and preprocess the topographic and geological data; BIM model construction module: used to construct a three-dimensional model of a water conservancy and hydropower project using BIM software based on the preprocessed topographic and geological data to obtain a BIM model. The BIM model includes: a structural model and a geological model of the building; Construction plan simulation and optimization module: used to simulate different construction plans in the BIM model. The configuration factors of the construction plan include: construction sequence, construction method, and construction equipment. The optimal construction plan is determined through simulation and optimization; Construction progress management and control module: used to obtain the construction progress plan and associate it with the BIM model, collect the actual construction progress in real time and update the BIM model, calculate the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress. If the deviation is greater than the progress deviation threshold, adjust the construction progress plan; Construction resource management module: used to count the quantity and types of resources required for construction based on the BIM model, and determine the supply and allocation of resources according to the construction progress plan; Quality and safety management module: used to mark key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model, obtain the predicted quality and safety data of key quality control points and safety risk points based on the BIM model, collect the actual quality and safety data of key quality control points and safety risk points during the construction process, and compare the deviation between the predicted quality and safety data and the actual quality and safety data. When the deviation is greater than the quality and safety threshold, generate a quality and safety warning message; Construction collaboration and communication module: used to build a collaborative work platform on the BIM platform, share the information of all construction participants in real time based on the collaborative work platform, and carry out collaborative work; Completion model delivery and operation and maintenance preparation module: used to update the BIM model based on the actual construction data after the project is completed to form a completion model.

[0099] It can be understood that the BIM-based construction system for water conservancy and hydropower projects is used for the above-mentioned BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects, corresponding to the method, and has corresponding technical effects, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0100] The above-mentioned BIM-based construction method and system for water conservancy and hydropower projects can be widely applied to water conservancy and hydropower project construction projects, including dam project construction, hydropower station project construction, and water conveyance channel project construction; such as: 3D modeling of spillway tunnels, intake towers of flood discharge tunnels, control sections at the inlet of spillway tunnels, and side slopes at the outlet of water discharge structures, dynamic simulation and progress management during the construction process, refined allocation of resources, real-time monitoring of construction quality and safety, and cost control and benefit analysis throughout the life cycle.

[0101] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the objective, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM, characterized in that, Including: S1. Engineering data collection and processing: Obtain topographic and geological data of the construction site of a water conservancy and hydropower project based on measuring equipment, construct an engineering database based on the topographic and geological data, and preprocess the topographic and geological data; S2. BIM model construction: Based on the preprocessed topographic and geological data, use BIM software to construct a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project to obtain a BIM model, where the BIM model includes: the structural model and geological model of the building; S3. Construction plan simulation and optimization: Simulate different construction plans in the BIM model, and the configuration factors of the construction plan include: construction sequence, construction method, and construction equipment, and determine the optimal construction plan through simulation and optimization; S4. Construction progress management and control: Obtain the construction progress plan and associate it with the BIM model, collect the actual construction progress in real time and update the BIM model, calculate the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress, and adjust the construction progress plan if the deviation is greater than the progress deviation threshold; S5. Construction resource management: Statistically calculate the quantity and types of resources required for construction based on the BIM model, and determine the supply and allocation of resources according to the construction progress plan; S6. Quality and safety management: Mark key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model, obtain the predicted quality and safety data of key quality control points and safety risk points based on the BIM model, collect the actual quality and safety data of key quality control points and safety risk points during the construction process, compare the deviation between the predicted quality and safety data and the actual quality and safety data, and generate a quality and safety warning message when the deviation is greater than the quality and safety threshold; S7. Construction collaboration and communication: Build a collaborative work platform on the BIM platform, share the information of each construction participant in real time based on the collaborative work platform, and carry out collaborative work; S8. Completion model delivery and operation and maintenance preparation: After the project is completed, update the BIM model based on the actual construction data to form a completion model.

2. The construction method of a water conservancy and hydropower project based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, preprocess the topographic and geological data; including: Filter the topographic and geological data based on the improved median filtering method, and the improved median filtering method is: Among them, g(x, y) is the value of the filtered terrain / geological data point, f(i, j) is the value of the original terrain / geological data point, and S xy is the filtering window centered on (x, y), and n is the number of data points within the filtering window.

3. The construction method of a water conservancy and hydropower project based on BIM according to claim 1 is characterized in that, In S1, preprocess the topographic and geological data; also including: Based on the multi-source data fusion algorithm, eliminate the data deviation between different measuring equipment; Set up an automatic calibration node to regularly check and adjust the accuracy of the measuring equipment.

4. A construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, use BIM software to construct a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project to obtain a BIM model; including: Adopt the multi-layer geological body modeling method, stratify the geological body according to different strata and lithologies for modeling, connect the layers through specific geological structure relationships, and determine the parameters of each layer according to the topographic and geological data to obtain the BIM model.

5. A construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, use BIM software to construct a three-dimensional model of the water conservancy and hydropower project to obtain a BIM model; also including: Introduce an intelligent component association mechanism: Set a unique tag for the components in the BIM model, and the tag contains lifecycle information: installation time, maintenance records, and wear degree. Collect the wear degree of components in real time through IoT sensors and update the wear degree of components in the BIM model. Evaluate the health status of components based on historical maintenance data and machine learning algorithms, and generate warning information for components with a health status below the standard.

6. The construction method of a water conservancy and hydropower project based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, use BIM software to construct a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project to obtain a BIM model; it also includes: Introduce a groundwater flow field simulation function: Use CFD software to simulate the groundwater flow field, generate a groundwater flow path map in combination with topographic and geological data, and add the groundwater flow path map to the BIM model; conduct a coupled analysis of the interaction between the groundwater flow field and the geological structure through the BIM model.

7. A construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that In S2, use BIM software to construct a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project to obtain a BIM model; it also includes: Integrate an augmented reality function on the BIM platform: Load the BIM model through the AR application on the mobile device, perform virtual reality rendering on the AR interface, mark the modification points on the AR interface and reflect the modification points to the BIM model; Implement a fine-grained permission management system in the BIM platform: Grant different operation permissions to different participants, and the operation permissions allow access to or editing of specific content. Record log information and save a new version after each edit.

8. A construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that In S3, determine the optimal construction plan through simulation optimization; it includes: Determine the configuration factors of the optimal construction plan based on the genetic algorithm, and its fitness function is: F = Q / (C × T) Where, F is the fitness value, Q is the construction task volume, C is the equipment usage cost, and T is the construction time.

9. A construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, calculate the deviation between the construction schedule plan and the actual construction progress; it includes: Use the earned value method to calculate the construction progress deviation and cost deviation between the construction schedule plan and the actual construction progress, and its formula is: Construction progress deviation = Budgeted cost of work performed - Budgeted cost of work scheduled Cost deviation = Budgeted cost of work performed - Actual cost of work performed Where, Budgeted cost of work performed = Completed work volume × Budget unit price, Budgeted cost of work scheduled = Scheduled work volume × Budget unit price, Actual cost of work performed = Completed work volume × Actual unit price.

10. A BIM-based construction system for water conservancy and hydropower projects, characterized in that, Implement a BIM-based construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects as described in any one of claims 1-9, including: Engineering data collection and processing module: Used to obtain topographic and geological data of the construction site of a water conservancy and hydropower project based on measuring equipment, construct an engineering database based on the topographic and geological data, and preprocess the topographic and geological data; BIM model construction module: Used to construct a 3D model of a water conservancy and hydropower project using BIM software based on the preprocessed topographic and geological data to obtain a BIM model. The BIM model includes: the structural model and geological model of the building; Construction plan simulation and optimization module: Used to simulate different construction plans in the BIM model. The configuration factors of the construction plan include: construction sequence, construction method, and construction equipment. Determine the optimal construction plan through simulation optimization; Construction Progress Management and Control Module: It is used to obtain the construction progress plan and associate it with the BIM model, collect the actual construction progress in real time and update the BIM model, calculate the deviation between the construction progress plan and the actual construction progress, and adjust the construction progress plan if the deviation is greater than the progress deviation threshold; Construction Resource Management Module: It is used to count the quantity and types of resources required for construction based on the BIM model, and determine the supply and allocation of resources according to the construction progress plan; Quality and Safety Management Module: It is used to mark the key quality control points and safety risk points in the BIM model, obtain the predicted quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points based on the BIM model, collect the actual quality and safety data of the key quality control points and safety risk points during the construction process, compare the deviation between the predicted quality and safety data and the actual quality and safety data, and generate quality and safety warning information when the deviation is greater than the quality and safety threshold; Construction Collaboration and Communication Module: It is used to build a collaborative work platform on the BIM platform, share the information of each construction participant in real time based on the collaborative work platform, and carry out collaborative work; Completion Model Delivery and Operation and Maintenance Preparation Module: It is used to update the BIM model based on the actual construction data after the project is completed to form a completion model.

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