Directional antenna with two-dimensional reconfigurable directional diagram and electronic equipment
Through the cascade design of multi-stage phase shifting unit composed of microstrip lines and ring couplers, the problems of low coverage and high cost of high gain antenna lobes of 5G terminal equipment are solved, and low-cost multi-dimensional beam coverage is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510471378.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-11
AI Technical Summary
The existing 5G terminal equipment has a small coverage range and high cost. For example, the phased array antenna adopts a digital phase shifter with high cost and large insertion loss.
The directional diagram of a multi-stage phase shifting unit cascade design using microstrip line form is a two-dimensional reconstructible directional antenna. The signal phase and impedance are adjusted through the length and width of the microstrip line, and combined with a ring coupler and an equal-power power splitter, the signal output of multiple sets of different phases is realized.
Improve the coverage range of directional antenna beams in a limited space, reduce costs, and achieve low-cost multi-dimensional beam coverage.
Smart Images
Figure CN120300474A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a direction Figure 2 dimension reconfigurable directional antenna and an electronic device. Background Art
[0002] In 5G communication, one of the main problems faced by 5G terminal devices is that the lobe coverage range of high-gain antennas is small. So far, the main method to solve the problem of small lobe coverage area of high-gain antennas in 5G terminal devices is the antenna switching scheme. By switching between directional antennas or between a directional antenna and an omnidirectional antenna, multiple antennas are used to solve the antenna lobe coverage problem. However, the scheme of assembling multiple antennas has great limitations in space in terminal devices with very small volumes on the one hand, and also makes the device cost relatively high on the other hand.
[0003] Therefore, in the related art, it is proposed to use a phased array antenna to solve the antenna lobe coverage problem. Generally speaking, phased array antennas mostly use digital phase shifters to obtain multiple sets of different output phases, with relatively high costs and relatively high insertion losses of the digital phase shifters. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a direction Figure 2 dimension reconfigurable directional antenna and an electronic device, which can solve the problems in the related art that phased array antennas use digital phase shifters to obtain multiple sets of different output phases, with relatively high costs and relatively high insertion losses of the digital phase shifters.
[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, there is provided a direction Figure 2 dimension reconfigurable directional antenna, including: a phase shift network 100 and an antenna unit 200, where: the phase shift network 100 includes: a microstrip line 1, a phase shift module 2 connected through the microstrip line 1, an input port 3, and an output port 4; The microstrip line 1 has a first preset length and is used to adjust the phase of the signal transmitted through the phase shift module 2 based on the first preset length; The input port 3 is used to receive an excitation signal; The input end of the phase shift module 2 is connected to the input port 3, the output end of the phase shift module 2 is connected to one end of the output port 4, the phase shift module 2 is used to receive the excitation signal, perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the excitation signal, and transmit it through the microstrip line 1 to output equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the output port 4; The other end of the output port 4 is connected to the antenna unit 200, and the output port 4 is used to output the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the antenna unit 200; The antenna unit 200 is used to form beam coverage in a direction corresponding to the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences.
[0006] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: the direction as described above Figure 2 Dimensionally reconfigurable directional antenna.
[0007] The direction provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 2 In the three-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna and electronic equipment, the phase shifting network adopts a multi-stage phase shifting unit cascade design in the form of a microstrip line. When excitation is obtained from different ports, different arithmetic output phases can be achieved. Therefore, in the terminal equipment with limited space, the number of directional antennas can be increased and the beam coverage of the directional antenna can be improved. The beam coverage of the directional antenna can be improved in two dimensions, and it has the characteristics of low cost.
[0008] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.
[0010] Figure 1 It shows the direction provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application Figure 2 Structural diagram of the dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna; Figure 2 A structural diagram of a phase shift network 100 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 3 A structural diagram of another phase shift network 100 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 4 A structural diagram of another phase shift network 100 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 5 A structural diagram of a phase shift network 100 provided in an application example of the present application is shown; Figure 6 The diagram shows a layout structure diagram of a phase shift network 100 on the front side of a substrate in an application example of the present application; Figure 7 A structural diagram of an antenna unit 200 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 8 A layout diagram of the antenna unit 200 on a substrate in an application example of the present application is shown; Figure 9 Shows the direction of an application example of this application Figure 2Structural diagram of a reconfigurable directional antenna; Figure 10 Shows the direction in an application example of this application Figure 2 Radiation pattern of the reconfigurable directional antenna; Figure 11 Shows the radiation patterns when the first input terminal 31 and the second input terminal 32 are respectively excited in the Phi = 0 plane in an application example of this application; Figure 12 Shows the radiation patterns when the first input terminal 31 and the third input terminal 33 are respectively excited in the Phi = 90 plane in an application example of this application. Detailed implementation manners
[0011] Here, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and the examples are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementation manners described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementation manners consistent with this application. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.
[0012] To solve the problem that in the prior art, phased array antennas mostly use digital phase shifters to obtain multiple sets of different output phases, with relatively high costs and also relatively high insertion losses of the digital phase shifters, the embodiments of this application provide a Figure 2 Reconfigurable directional antenna and an electronic device including the Figure 2 Reconfigurable directional antenna.
[0013] Figure 1 Shows the Figure 2 Structural diagram of the reconfigurable directional antenna shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application. As Figure 1 shown, the Figure 2 Reconfigurable directional antenna 10 includes: a phase shift network 100 and an antenna unit 200. The Figure 2 Reconfigurable directional antenna is applied to an electronic device, and the above-mentioned electronic device can be a device with wireless transceiver functions, and can be but is not limited to an indoor coverage device, etc. The above-mentioned electronic device can be connected through a new radio (5G NR) system. For example, the above-mentioned electronic device can be a 5G CPE indoor / outdoor coverage device, including but not limited to terminal devices such as smart phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, smart watches, and televisions or servers, and can achieve two-dimensional coverage of wide-angle high-gain beams of a high-gain directional antenna. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 1 the number of antennas shown is only an exemplary illustration and does not limit the number of antennas in this solution.
[0014] Figure 2The structural diagram of the phase-shifting network 100 shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present application. For ease of description, in the embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 the phase-shifting network 100 shown is taken as an example to introduce the Figure 2 directional Figure 2 reconfigurable directional antenna 10. Those skilled in the art can understand that taking the phase-shifting network 100 shown as an example in the embodiments of the present application is only an exemplary illustration and does not limit the protection scope of the corresponding claims of the present solution.
[0015] As Figure 2 shown, the phase-shifting network 100 includes: a microstrip line 1, a phase-shifting module 2 connected through the microstrip line 1, an input port 3, and an output port 4; the microstrip line 1 has a first preset length and is used to adjust the phase of the signal transmitted through the phase-shifting module 2 based on the first preset length; the input port 3 is used to receive an excitation signal; the input end of the phase-shifting module 2 is connected to the input port 3, the output end of the phase-shifting module 2 is connected to one end of the output port 4, the phase-shifting module 2 is used to receive the excitation signal, perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the excitation signal, and transmit it through the microstrip line 1 to output equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the output port 4; the other end of the output port 4 is connected to the antenna unit 200, and the output port 4 is used to output equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the antenna unit 200; the antenna unit 200 is used to form a beam coverage in the direction corresponding to the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences.
[0016] In some embodiments, the phase-shifting network is formed by laying microstrip lines with a certain length and a certain width. The microstrip line 1 has a first preset length, and the signal phase can be adjusted by the length of the microstrip line. The signal will generate a phase delay during transmission on the microstrip line. Thus, the phase of the signal transmitted through the phase-shifting module 2 is adjusted based on the first preset length. The microstrip line 1 can be designed with different lengths according to the required phase adjustment amount. For example, the first preset length can be 1 / 4 of the operating center frequency of the antenna unit 200, or 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the transmitted signal, that is, λ / 4. When the length of the microstrip line is 1 / 4 (λ / 4) of the signal wavelength, the signal will generate a 90° phase change after passing through this section of the microstrip line. For another example, the first preset length of the microstrip line 1 can be set to λ / 2, that is, 1 / 2 of the wavelength of the transmitted signal. When the length of the microstrip line is half (λ / 2) of the signal wavelength, the transmitted signal will generate a 180° phase change after passing through this section of the microstrip line. Thus, through a microstrip line 1 with a certain length, the signal generates a corresponding phase change during transmission, and together with the ring coupler and the equal-power power divider, the flexible reconstruction of the antenna radiation pattern is realized.
[0017] In addition, in some embodiments, the microstrip line 1 also has a preset width and is used to adjust the impedance in the phase shift network. By changing parameters such as its own width, the microstrip line can adjust its impedance to match the impedance of the front and rear stage components. For example, in the transmission path connecting the ring coupler and the antenna unit, the microstrip line can be designed with an appropriate width according to the requirements of the output impedance of the ring coupler and the input impedance of the antenna unit to achieve good impedance matching, reduce signal reflection, ensure that the signal can be efficiently transmitted to the radiation unit, and thus accurately participate in the formation of the antenna radiation pattern.
[0018] In some embodiments, the phase shift network is located on the front side of the substrate, and the back side of the substrate is a floor of the microstrip line printed with all metal, which is not only the reference ground of the microstrip line to ensure the normal transmission of signals in the phase shift network, but also used as an antenna reflector, so that the phase shift network and the antenna form an integral structure. It can reflect part of the energy radiated by the antenna back, thereby enhancing the radiation intensity of the antenna in a specific direction and improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna. In this embodiment, the phase shift network adopts a cascaded design of multi-stage phase shift units in the form of microstrip lines and has the characteristic of low cost.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of another phase shift network 100 shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the input port 3 includes: 2 or 3, and the output port 4 includes: 4. In this embodiment, when excitation is obtained from 2 or 3 different ports, 2 or 3 groups of different equal difference output phases can be realized, and with a certain antenna array, direction Figure 2 dimension reconfigurable directive antenna can be realized.
[0020] The following combines the attached Figure 3 to describe the structure and function of the phase shift network 100 in this embodiment.
[0021] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the input port 3 includes: a first input port 31 and a second input port 32; the phase shift module 2 includes: a first phase shift unit 21, a second phase shift unit 22 and a third phase shift unit 23; in this embodiment: The first phase shifter unit 21, the second phase shifter unit 22, and the third phase shifter unit 23 are connected through the microstrip line 1; the input end of the first phase shifter unit 21 is connected to the first input port 31, and the output end of the first phase shifter unit 21 is connected to the first input end of the second phase shifter unit 22; the first input end of the third phase shifter unit 23 is connected to the second input port 32, and the output end of the third phase shifter unit 23 is connected to the second input end of the second phase shifter unit 22; the output end of the second phase shifter unit 22 is connected to the output port 4, where the output port 4 includes 4 ports; in this embodiment, the 3 phase shifter units are connected through the microstrip line 1, and the phase shifter network adopts a cascaded design of multi-stage phase shifter units in the form of microstrip lines, which has the characteristic of low cost. Moreover, equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences are output to the antenna unit 200 through 4 output ports to achieve beam coverage in the corresponding directions of equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences.
[0022] The first input port 31 is used to receive the first excitation signal; the second input port 32 is used to receive the second excitation signal; wherein, the first input port 31 and the second input port 32 operate in a time-sharing manner for the ports. In this embodiment, only one of the 2 ports can work at the same time, and the other port waits, so that the first excitation signal and the second excitation signal can work in a time-sharing manner.
[0023] The first phase shifter unit 21 is used to receive the first excitation signal, perform equal-amplitude and in-phase transformation processing on the first excitation signal, generate the first transmission signal, and output the first transmission signal to the second phase shifter unit 22; the third phase shifter unit 23 is used to receive the second excitation signal, perform equal-amplitude and in-phase or anti-phase transformation processing on the second excitation signal, generate the second transmission signal, and output the second transmission signal to the second phase shifter unit 22; the second phase shifter unit 22 is used to perform equal-amplitude phase transformation processing on the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal whose phase changes during transmission through the microstrip line 1, generate equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the output port 4.
[0024] In this embodiment, through a series of phase transformation processing of the excitation signal by the cascaded first phase shifter unit 21, the third phase shifter unit 23, and the second phase shifter unit 22, the signal generates corresponding phase changes during transmission, generates equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and cooperates with the antenna unit 200 to realize flexible reconstruction of the antenna radiation pattern.
[0025] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the input port 3 further includes: a third input port 33; the second input end of the third phase shifter unit 23 is connected to the third input port 33; in this embodiment: A third input port 33 for receiving a third excitation signal; wherein, the third input port 33, the first input port 31, and the second input port 32 operate in a time-sharing manner for ports. In this embodiment, only one port can work at the same time among the 3 ports, and the other 2 ports wait, so that the 3 excitation signals can work in a time-sharing manner. Through the excitation of the 3 input ports, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be adjusted in two dimensions.
[0026] The third phase shifter unit 23 is further configured to receive the third excitation signal, perform an equal-amplitude in-phase or anti-phase transformation process on the third excitation signal to generate a third transmission signal, and output the third transmission signal to the second phase shifter unit 22; the second phase shifter unit 22 is further configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the third transmission signal whose phase has changed during transmission through the microstrip line 1 to generate equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the output port 4. In this embodiment, when 3 different ports are excited, 3 groups of different equal-difference output phases can be realized. With a certain antenna array, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be adjusted in two dimensions, various radiation patterns can be realized at a relatively low cost, and the beam coverage of a single directional antenna can be greatly expanded.
[0027] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 shown, the phase shifter module 2 further includes: a phase compensation unit 24 connected between the first phase shifter unit 21 and the second phase shifter unit 22, and is configured to perform phase compensation on the first transmission signal output by the first phase shifter unit 21. In an application example, the phase compensation unit 24 is a microstrip line with a second preset length. Based on the second preset length, the phase of the first transmission signal output by the first phase shifter unit 21 is adjusted. The second preset length of the microstrip line can be designed with different lengths according to the required phase adjustment amount to be compensated. For example, the second preset length can be 1 / 4 of the operating center frequency of the antenna unit 200, or 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the transmission signal, that is, λ / 4. When the length of the microstrip line is 1 / 4 (λ / 4) of the signal wavelength, the signal will generate a 90° phase change after passing through this section of the microstrip line. For another example, the second preset length can be set to λ / 2, that is, 1 / 2 of the wavelength of the transmission signal. When the length of the microstrip line is half (λ / 2) of the signal wavelength, the transmission signal will generate a 180° phase change after passing through this section of the microstrip line. Therefore, through a certain length of the microstrip line, the first transmission signal generates a corresponding phase change during transmission, and together with the first phase shifter unit 21 and the second phase shifter unit 22, the flexible reconstruction of the antenna radiation pattern is jointly realized.
[0028] In specific implementation, in some embodiments, Figure 4 shows a structural diagram of a phase shift network 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As Figure 4As shown, the second phase-shifting unit 22 includes: a first ring coupler 221 and a second ring coupler 222; the output ports 4 include: a first output port 41, a second output port 42, a third output port 43, and a fourth output port 44; in this embodiment: The first output end of the first phase-shifting unit 21 is connected to the first input end of the first ring coupler 221, and the second output end of the first phase-shifting unit 21 is connected to the first input end of the second ring coupler 222; the first output end of the third phase-shifting unit 23 is connected to the second input end of the first ring coupler 221, and the second output end of the third phase-shifting unit 23 is connected to the second input end of the second ring coupler 222; the first output end of the first ring coupler 221 is connected to the first output port 41, and the second output end of the first ring coupler 221 is connected to the second output port 42; the first output end of the second ring coupler 222 is connected to the third output port 43, and the second output end of the second ring coupler 222 is connected to the fourth output port 44; the first output port 41, the second output port 42, the third output port 43, and the fourth output port 44 are respectively connected to the antenna elements of the antenna unit 200; The first ring coupler 221 is configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal or the third transmission signal whose phase changes during transmission through the microstrip line 1, generate equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the first output port 41 and the second output port 42; the second ring coupler 222 is configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal or the third transmission signal whose phase changes during transmission through the microstrip line 1, generate equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the third output port 43 and the fourth output port 44. The antenna unit 200 is configured to form a beam coverage in a direction corresponding to the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences output from the first output port 41, the second output port 42, the third output port 43, and the fourth output port 44.
[0029] In some embodiments, the first phase shifter unit 21 can be an equal-power power divider, which can perform an equal-amplitude and in-phase transformation on the first excitation signal, evenly distribute the input signal to each output port, and ensure that each output port obtains a signal with equal power. The equal-power power divider ensures that the signal power received by each antenna unit is consistent, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the overall radiation characteristics of the antenna array and guaranteeing the shape and performance of the antenna pattern. The third phase shifter unit 23 can be a ring bridge, which performs an equal-amplitude and in-phase or anti-phase transformation on the second excitation signal; the second phase shifter unit 22 uses a first ring coupler 221 and a second ring coupler 222 to perform an equal-amplitude and in-phase or anti-phase transformation on the input signal. In this embodiment, the ring bridge and the ring coupler play a key role in signal distribution and isolation in the phase shift network. The ring bridge and the ring coupler can distribute the input signal to different ports according to a specific ratio and output it to different output ports 4, and the output ports 4 are connected to different antenna units. At the same time, the ring bridge and the ring coupler have good isolation characteristics, which can effectively prevent signal crosstalk between different paths, ensure the independence of each signal transmission path, and lay a foundation for precisely controlling the excitation signals of different parts of the antenna. In some embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, a phase compensation unit 24 is added between the second output end of the first phase shifter unit 21 and the first input end of the second ring coupler 222 to perform phase compensation on the signal output by the equal-power power divider to meet the phase requirements of the output port.
[0030] Compared with the prior art that uses a relatively expensive digital phase shifter, in this embodiment, the phase shift network adopts a cascaded design of multiple phase shifter units, which has the characteristics of low cost while having multiple sets of output phases.
[0031] In an application example, Figure 5 shows the structural diagram of the phase shift network 100 in an application example of the present application. Figure 6 shows the layout structural diagram of the phase shift network 100 on the front side of the substrate in an application example of the present application.
[0032] Next, in combination with Figure 5 and Figure 6 the phase shift network 100 in this application example will be introduced. Those skilled in the art can understand that the embodiments of the present application take the phase shift network 100 shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 as an example for introduction, which is only an exemplary illustration and does not limit the protection scope of the corresponding claims of the present solution.
[0033] Such as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the first phase shifter unit 21 is a 3 dB power divider, the first ring coupler 221 is a 3 dB ring 180° coupler; the second ring coupler 222 is a 3 dB ring 180° coupler; the third phase shifter unit 23 is a 3 dB 180° ring hybrid. The first input port 31 is port1, the second input port 32 is port2, the third input port 33 is port3, the first output port 41 is port4, the second output port 42 is port5, the third output port 43 is port6, and the fourth output port 44 is port7.
[0034] port1, port2, and port3 serve as the input ports of the phase shifter network 100 and are used to access the excitation signals. port 4, port 5, port 6, and port 7 serve as the output ports of the phase shifter network 100 and output signals with different phases. After the excitation signals enter from the input ports, they will pass through the line structure inside the phase shifter network and finally output signals with a specific phase difference from different output ports.
[0035] The first excitation signal input at port1 is equally divided into two paths by the 3 dB power divider. One path goes directly to the left 3 dB ring 180° coupler, and the other path goes to the right 3 dB ring 180° coupler after phase compensation. The phase compensation unit 24 is implemented with a microstrip line of a second preset length and adjusts the phase of one path of the signals divided by the power divider. In combination with the 180° phase difference characteristic of the antenna element, it ensures that the entire phase shifter network outputs signals with appropriate phases. The second and third excitation signals input at port2 and port3 are processed by this hybrid and then output to the two 3 dB ring 180° couplers, which can also cause a 180° phase difference in the signals.
[0036] The two 3 dB ring 180° couplers process the input signals respectively. The 3 dB ring 180° coupler can cause a 180° phase difference in the signals to meet specific phase requirements. The left 3 dB ring 180° coupler receives the signals from the 3 dB power divider and the 3 dB 180° ring hybrid and outputs equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to port4 and port5; the right 3 dB ring 180° coupler receives the signals after phase compensation and the 3 dB 180° ring hybrid and outputs equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to port6 and port7. In this application example, the output phases of the 4 output ports when the phase shifter network is excited by different input ports are shown in Table 1 below.
[0037] Table 1.
[0038] In Table 1, when a first excitation signal is input to the first input port 31 (port1), the output phase of the first output port 41 (port4) is 78°, the output phase of the second output port 42 (port5) is -106°, the output phase of the third output port 43 (port6) is 78°, and the output phase of the fourth output port 44 (port7) is -106°; When a second excitation signal is input to the second input port 32 (port2), the output phase of the first output port 41 (port4) is 10°, the output phase of the second output port 42 (port5) is 8°, the output phase of the third output port 43 (port6) is 9°, and the output phase of the fourth output port 44 (port7) is 9°; When a third excitation signal is input to the third input port 33 (port3), the output phase of the first output port 41 (port4) is 54°, the output phase of the second output port 42 (port5) is -125°, the output phase of the third output port 43 (port6) is -123°, and the output phase of the fourth output port 44 (port7) is 56°.
[0039] In this embodiment, when the above different input ports are excited, the output ports output phases with different phase differences. It can be seen that the two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 can adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna in two dimensions, achieve multiple radiation patterns at a low cost, and greatly expand the beam coverage of a single directional antenna.
[0040] In addition, in this embodiment, by the different phase output characteristics of the 4 output ports of the phase shift network and connecting with antenna elements with specific phase requirements, flexible reconfiguration of the antenna radiation pattern can be realized.
[0041] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the antenna unit 200 shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As Figure 7 shown, in some embodiments, the antenna unit 200 includes: a first antenna unit 201 and a second antenna unit 202. In this embodiment, the antenna elements of the first antenna unit 201 are connected to the first output port 41 and the second output port 42; the antenna elements of the second antenna unit 202 are connected to the third output port 43 and the fourth output port 44. In some embodiments, each antenna unit includes two antenna elements in a balun-coupled feeding form, and the two antenna elements have a phase difference of 180° or the two antenna elements are in the same phase.
[0042] In an application example, Figure 8The layout structure diagram of the antenna unit 200 in an application example of the present application on the substrate is shown. As shown in Figure 8, each antenna unit is composed of an antenna oscillator 81 and an antenna oscillator 82 in a form of balun-coupled feeding with a 180° phase difference. When there is a 180° phase difference between the two oscillators, a microstrip line with a length of λ / 2 is added as a phase compensation unit 24 in the phase shift network for phase compensation (performing 180° phase compensation). When the two oscillators are in-phase oscillators, the phase compensation unit 24 does not need to be introduced.
[0043] In an application example, Figure 9 shows the direction in an application example of the present application Figure 2 of the two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna, Figure 10 and shows the radiation pattern of the antenna. As Figure 9 shown, the two-dimensional Figure 2 reconfigurable directional antenna 10 includes: a phase shift network 100 and an antenna unit 200. The layout structure of the phase shift network 100 on the front side of the substrate is as Figure 6 shown, and the antenna unit 200 includes two antenna units 201 and 202. The layout structure of the antenna unit 200 on the substrate is as Figures 7 to 8 shown. The first antenna unit 201 is connected to the second output port 42 (port5) and the third output port 43 (port6) of the phase shift network 2 through a feeding small board, and the second antenna unit 202 is connected to the first output port 41 (port4) and the fourth output port 44 (port7) of the phase shift network 2 through a feeding small board. In this embodiment, Figure 9 shown in the two-dimensional Figure 2 reconfigurable directional antenna 10, all structures are dielectric plate printed metal circuits, and can be assembled by simple welding, which itself has the characteristic of low cost. In addition, its two-dimensional radiation pattern reconfigurability can greatly reduce the labor cost of manually installing terminal devices. For example: the device antenna needs to be manually aligned with the base station, etc.
[0044] As Figure 10 shown, when the first input terminal 31 (port1) is excited, it corresponds to the difference beam in the z-axis direction of the directional antenna, providing the highest gain. When the second input terminal 32 (port2) is excited, it corresponds to the difference beam in the horizontal direction (y-axis direction) of the directional antenna. When the third input terminal 33 (port3) is excited, it corresponds to the difference beam in the vertical direction (x-axis direction). Those skilled in the art can understand that the embodiments of the present application are based on Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown in the two-dimensional Figure 2Taking the radiation pattern of the reconfigurable directional antenna as an example for introduction is only an exemplary illustration and does not limit the protection scope of the claims corresponding to this solution. Other forms of antenna elements, when combined with the phase shift network in this embodiment, can also achieve a similar radiation pattern, except that the beam offset angle has a slight difference under the influence of the antenna element array spacing.
[0045] In an application example, Figure 11 shows the radiation patterns when the first input terminal 31 (port1) and the second input terminal 32 (port2) of the Phi = 0 plane in an application example of this application are respectively excited. Figure 12 shows the radiation patterns when the first input terminal 31 (port1) and the third input terminal 33 (port3) of the Phi = 90 plane in an application example of this application are respectively excited. From Figure 10 and Figure 11 it can be seen that, compared with the traditional single-beam directional antenna, the radiation Figure 2 beam coverage of the reconfigurable directional antenna provided in this application example is significantly improved. Among them, the 3dB beamwidth in the horizontal direction (y-axis direction) is increased by 50% (from 60° to 90°), the coverage range above 0dBi gain is increased by 50% (from 120° to 180°), the 3dB beamwidth in the vertical direction (x-axis direction) is increased by 100% (from 30° to 60°), and the coverage range above 0dBi gain is increased by 175% (from 40° to 110°), greatly improving the beam coverage of the directional antenna at a low cost.
[0046] Through the direction provided by this embodiment Figure 2 the reconfigurable directional antenna and the electronic device, the phase shift network adopts a cascaded design of multi-stage phase shift units in the form of microstrip lines. When excited from different ports, different equal-difference output phases can be achieved. Thus, in a terminal device with limited space, without increasing the number of directional antennas, the beam coverage of the directional antenna can be improved, and the beam coverage of the directional antenna can be enhanced in two dimensions, while having the characteristic of low cost.
[0047] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure already described and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is only limited by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna pattern, characterized in that, Comprising: A phase-shifting network (100) and an antenna unit (200), wherein: the phase-shifting network (100) includes a microstrip line (1), a phase-shifting module (2) connected through the microstrip line (1), an input port (3), and an output port (4); The microstrip line (1) has a first preset length and is used to adjust the phase of the signal transmitted through the phase-shifting module (2) based on the first preset length; The input port (3) is used to receive an excitation signal; The input end of the phase-shifting module (2) is connected to the input port (3), the output end of the phase-shifting module (2) is connected to one end of the output port (4), the phase-shifting module (2) is used to receive the excitation signal, perform an amplitude-equal phase transformation process on the excitation signal, and transmit it through the microstrip line (1) to output amplitude-equal signals with different phase differences to the output port (4); The other end of the output port (4) is connected to the antenna unit (200), and the output port (4) is used to output the amplitude-equal signals with different phase differences to the antenna unit (200); The antenna unit (200) is used to form a beam coverage in the direction corresponding to the amplitude-equal signals with different phase differences.
2. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna with a pattern according to claim 1, wherein The input port (3) includes 2 or 3, and the output port (4) includes 4.
3. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna with a pattern according to claim 1, wherein The input port (3) includes a first input port (31) and a second input port (32); the phase-shifting module (2) includes a first phase-shifting unit (21), a second phase-shifting unit (22), and a third phase-shifting unit (23); wherein: The first phase-shifting unit (21), the second phase-shifting unit (22), and the third phase-shifting unit (23) are connected through the microstrip line (1); the input end of the first phase-shifting unit (21) is connected to the first input port (31), and the output end of the first phase-shifting unit (21) is connected to the first input end of the second phase-shifting unit (22); the first input end of the third phase-shifting unit (23) is connected to the second input port (32), and the output end of the third phase-shifting unit (23) is connected to the second input end of the second phase-shifting unit (22); the output end of the second phase-shifting unit (22) is connected to the output port (4), where the output port (4) includes 4 ports; The first input port (31) is used to receive a first excitation signal; the second input port (32) is used to receive a second excitation signal; wherein, the first input port (31) and the second input port (32) operate in a time-sharing manner for ports; The first phase-shifting unit (21) is used to receive the first excitation signal, perform an amplitude-equal in-phase transformation process on the first excitation signal, generate a first transmission signal, and output the first transmission signal to the second phase-shifting unit (22); The third phase-shifting unit (23) is configured to receive the second excitation signal, perform an equal-amplitude in-phase or anti-phase transformation process on the second excitation signal to generate a second transmission signal, and output the second transmission signal to the second phase-shifting unit (22); The second phase-shifting unit (22) is configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal whose phase has changed during transmission through the microstrip line (1) to generate the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the output port (4).
4. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna according to claim 3, wherein The input port (3) further includes: a third input port (33); the second input end of the third phase-shifting unit (23) is connected to the third input port (33); wherein: The third input port (33) is configured to receive a third excitation signal; wherein, the third input port (33) and the first input port (31), the second input port (32) work in a time-sharing manner for ports. The third phase-shifting unit (23) is further configured to receive the third excitation signal, perform an equal-amplitude in-phase or anti-phase transformation process on the third excitation signal to generate a third transmission signal, and output the third transmission signal to the second phase-shifting unit (22); The second phase-shifting unit (22) is further configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the third transmission signal whose phase has changed during transmission through the microstrip line (1) to generate the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the output port (4).
5. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna with radiation pattern according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The phase-shifting module (2) further includes: a phase compensation unit (24); The phase compensation unit (24) is connected between the first phase-shifting unit (21) and the second phase-shifting unit (22), and is configured to perform phase compensation on the first transmission signal output by the first phase-shifting unit (21).
6. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna according to claim 5, wherein The second phase-shifting unit (22) includes: a first ring coupler (221) and a second ring coupler (222); the output port (4) includes: a first output port (41), a second output port (42), a third output port (43), and a fourth output port (44); wherein: The first output end of the first phase-shifting unit (21) is connected to the first input end of the first ring coupler (221), and the second output end of the first phase-shifting unit (21) is connected to the first input end of the second ring coupler (222); The first output end of the third phase-shifting unit (23) is connected to the second input end of the first ring coupler (221), and the second output end of the third phase-shifting unit (23) is connected to the second input end of the second ring coupler (222); The first output terminal of the first ring coupler (221) is connected to the first output port (41), and the second output terminal of the first ring coupler (221) is connected to the second output port (42); The first output terminal of the second ring coupler (222) is connected to the third output port (43), and the second output terminal of the second ring coupler (222) is connected to the fourth output port (44); The first output port (41), the second output port (42), the third output port (43), and the fourth output port (44) are respectively connected to the antenna elements of the antenna unit (200); The first ring coupler (221) is configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal or the third transmission signal whose phase changes during transmission through the microstrip line (1), generate the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the first output port (41) and the second output port (42); The second ring coupler (222) is configured to perform an equal-amplitude phase transformation process on the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal or the third transmission signal whose phase changes during transmission through the microstrip line (1), generate the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences, and transmit the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences to the third output port (43) and the fourth output port (44); The antenna unit (200) is configured to form a beam coverage in a direction corresponding to the equal-amplitude signals with different phase differences output from the first output port (41), the second output port (42), the third output port (43), and the fourth output port (44).
7. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The phase compensation unit (24) is a microstrip line with a second preset length.
8. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna according to claim 6, wherein The first phase shifter unit (21) is a 3dB power divider; The first ring coupler (221) is a 3dB ring 180° coupler; The second ring coupler (222) is a 3dB ring 180° coupler; The third phase shifter unit (23) is a 3dB 180° ring hybrid.
9. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directive antenna according to claim 6, wherein When the first excitation signal is input at the first input port (31), the output phase of the first output port (41) is 78°, the output phase of the second output port (42) is -106°, the output phase of the third output port (43) is 78°, and the output phase of the fourth output port (44) is -106°; When the second excitation signal is input at the second input port (32), the output phase of the first output port (41) is 10°, the output phase of the second output port (42) is 8°, the output phase of the third output port (43) is 9°, and the output phase of the fourth output port (44) is 9°; When the third excitation signal is input at the third input port (33), the output phase of the first output port (41) is 54°, the output phase of the second output port (42) is -125°, the output phase of the third output port (43) is -123°, and the output phase of the fourth output port (44) is 56°.
10. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna with a pattern according to claim 1, wherein the antenna element (200) includes: a first antenna element (201) and a second antenna element (202), where: the antenna oscillator of the first antenna element (201) is connected to the first output port (41) and the fourth output port (44); the antenna oscillator of the second antenna element (202) is connected to the second output port (42) and the third output port (43).
11. The two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna with a pattern according to claim 10, wherein each of the antenna elements includes two antenna oscillators in a balun-coupled feeding form, and the two antenna oscillators have a phase difference of 180° or the two antenna oscillators are in the same phase.
12. An electronic device, comprising: The two-dimensional reconfigurable directional antenna with a pattern according to any one of claims 1 to 11.