Large-frequency-doubling wide-angle scanning patch antenna and array based on multimode resonance

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode resonance-based large-frequency-multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna and array, and the antenna comprises a rectangular radiation patch, a dielectric layer, a grounding plate and a coaxial probe group which are sequentially stacked, the coaxial probe group feeds the rectangular radiation patch, and the coaxial probe group comprises a first coaxial probe and a second coaxial probe; an open-circuit branch component is arranged beside the short side of the rectangular radiation patch, and two first slot component groups are arranged on two sides of the long side of the rectangular radiation patch; connection points between the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch are all located on one side of the open-circuit branch knot component and on the symmetry axis of the long edge of the rectangular radiation patch; and a second slot component group capable of improving impedance matching of the antenna is loaded between the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch 1. The antenna has the characteristics of wide frequency multiplication, wide beam scanning angle range, stable gain pattern distribution and stable working performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of patch antennas, and particularly relates to a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna and array based on multimode resonance. Background Technique

[0002] Microstrip patch antennas are widely used due to their characteristics such as thinness, light weight, low manufacturing cost, and easy integration. In modern wireless communication, the performance requirements for antennas are constantly increasing, especially the requirements for characteristics such as wide-angle scanning, wide frequency band, and low profile are gradually increasing. Currently, the main methods for achieving large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning at home and abroad are: adopting the form of an array antenna within a single band, using reconfigurable technology, and loading a frequency selective surface in the dual band. When adopting the form of an array antenna, by precisely controlling the phase and amplitude of each unit, large frequency multiplication and wide-angle scanning can be achieved. However, in this design, the antenna units corresponding to the low-frequency band and the high-frequency band are alternately placed, and too large an array spacing in the high-frequency band will cause large grating lobes to appear in the array factor pattern, making normal beam scanning impossible. When loading a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), by designing an FSS structure with different frequency responses, beam control in different frequency bands can be achieved in the same system to meet the requirements of large frequency multiplication and wide-angle scanning. However, in this design, the FSS design is relatively complex, and the bandwidth in the high-frequency band is narrow, restricting its application range.

[0003] In the prior art, S. Liu et al., "A Dual-Band Shared Aperture Antenna Array in Ku / Ka-Bands for Beam Scanning Applications," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 78794-78802, 2019, doi: 10.1109 / ACCESS.2019.2922647. discloses a phased array antenna that enables the high-frequency antenna elements in the array to share the radiation aperture with the low-frequency antenna through a stacking method. This antenna uses a four-layer board processing technology and realizes a 2 frequency ratio and a scanning angle of +-45 degrees by placing two types of patch antenna elements operating in the Ku and Ka frequency bands at different heights. The operating frequency bands achieved are 15.9 GHz to 17.7 GHz (Ku band) and 31.4 GHz to 34.4 GHz (Ka band) respectively. However, the above two antennas have defects such as high profile, complex feeding network, and complex processing technology.

[0004] In summary, the problems existing in the existing dual-band large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning phased array are: the grating lobes in the pattern are relatively large, normal beam scanning cannot be performed, which further hinders the practical application of the antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna and array based on multimode resonance, which has the characteristics of wide frequency multiplication, wide beam scanning angle range, relatively stable gain pattern distribution, and stable working performance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance includes a rectangular radiation patch, a dielectric layer, a ground plane stacked in sequence, and a coaxial probe group for feeding the rectangular radiation patch. The coaxial probe group includes coaxial probe one and coaxial probe two;

[0008] An open-circuit stub component is arranged beside the short side of the rectangular radiation patch, and a first slot component group is arranged on both sides of the long side;

[0009] The connection points of the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch are all located on the rectangular radiation patch, and on the side far from the open-circuit stub component, and on the symmetry axis of the long side of the rectangular radiation patch; a second slot component group for improving the impedance matching of the antenna is loaded between the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch.

[0010] The position of the feeding point of the coaxial probe one is located at the electric field zero point of the TM 03 mode, and the position of the feeding point of the coaxial probe two is located at the electric field zero point of the TM 01 mode.

[0011] The rectangular radiation patch is loaded with an open-circuit stub component for separating the electric field common zero points of the TM 01 mode and the TM 03 mode;

[0012] Taking the short side direction of the rectangular radiation patch as the width and the long side direction as the length; the length of the open-circuit stub component is L1, the width is W1, and it is symmetric about the central axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch (the central axis is the center position of the short side, and the rectangular radiation patch is divided into two symmetric parts along the long side direction). The free space wavelength of the low-frequency center frequency of the antenna working frequency band is λ0, where 0.046λ0 < L1 < 0.047λ0, 0.027λ0 < W1 < 0.029λ0.

[0013] Taking the short side direction of the rectangular radiation patch as the length and the long side direction as the width; the first slot component group is composed of slots with a length of L2 and a width of W2, and the first slot component group is symmetric about the central axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch;

[0014] Among them, 0.023λ0 < L2 < 0.024λ0, 0.006λ0 < W2 < 0.007λ0.

[0015] The second slot component group includes a first second slot component group and a second second slot component group. The first second slot component group is composed of an annular slot group with diameters of R1 and R2; the second second slot component group is composed of an annular slot group with diameters of R2 and R3.

[0016] The annular slots with diameters of R1 and R2 in the second slot component group are loaded between the feeding point of the first coaxial probe and the rectangular radiation patch, and are concentric with the first coaxial probe; the annular slot with diameter of R3 is loaded between the feeding point of the second coaxial probe and the rectangular radiation patch, and is concentric with the second coaxial probe; the central connection lines of the second slot component group and the coaxial probe group are all located on the central axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch 1; among them, R1 < R2, R1 = R3.

[0017] The length of the rectangular radiation patch is L3, and the width is W3, where 0.21λ0 < L3 < 0.23λ0, 0.32λ0 < W3 < 0.35λ0.

[0018] The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is ε r , where 3.4 < ε r < 3.5.

[0019] The dielectric layer is a square dielectric plate with side length a and thickness H; the ground plane is a square metal floor with side length a.

[0020] The total cross-sectional thickness of the patch antenna is H, where 0.65λ0 < a < 0.67λ0, 0.032λ0 < H < 0.034λ0.

[0021] A large frequency multiplication bandwidth wide-angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance includes a dielectric layer, the large frequency multiplication bandwidth wide-angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance, and an alternately arranged 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit group.

[0022] The large frequency multiplication bandwidth wide-angle scanning patch antennas based on multimode resonance are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the dielectric layer, and a 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna group is alternately arranged between adjacent large frequency multiplication bandwidth wide-angle scanning patch antennas based on multimode resonance.

[0023] The length of the dielectric layer is L4, the width is W4, and the total cross-sectional thickness is H; where 3.73λ0 < L4 < 3.74λ0, 0.53λ0 < W4 < 0.54λ0, 0.032λ0 < H < 0.034λ0.

[0024] There are eight groups of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antennas based on multimode resonance, and seven groups of 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna units. The large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antennas based on multimode resonance are linearly arranged along the narrow side of the dielectric substrate.

[0025] The array pitch of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antennas based on multimode resonance is 70 mm, and the array pitch of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna units is 23.3 mm; the center of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna units is located on the short side central axis of the dielectric layer, and the pitch of each unit along the short side direction of the dielectric substrate is 38 mm, with a total of 28 high-frequency patch units.

[0026] The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is ε r , where 3.4 < ε r < 3.5.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] The large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antennas based on multimode resonance adopt a structure with one layer of dielectric substrate and one layer of radiation patch without using additional circuits to achieve impedance matching. By placing the coaxial probe groups at the electric field zero points of the TM 0,1 / 3 mode, the characteristics of low profile, dual-frequency and high isolation of dual ports are realized. The patch antennas and the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna units are linearly arranged to form an antenna array. The TM 03 mode provided combines with the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna units, which can effectively reduce the equivalent array pitch of the high-frequency patch antenna units. Thus, with one layer of dielectric substrate, one layer of radiation patch, and no occlusion caused by the stacking of high and low frequency antennas, the antenna array achieves wide frequency multiplication, wide beam scanning angle range, relatively stable gain pattern distribution and stable working performance. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 is a top view of the structure of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 is a top view of the structure of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 is a graph of the simulated and measured return loss of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5It is the coupling degree curve graph of the simulation and actual measurement of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 (a) is the simulated low-frequency radiation pattern of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 (b) is the simulated high-frequency radiation pattern of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 It is the simulated gain curve graph of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention within the working frequency band.

[0037] Figure 8 It is the low-frequency radiation pattern of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna array of the present invention based on multimode resonance in the elevation plane.

[0038] Figure 9 It is the high-frequency radiation pattern of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna array of the present invention based on multimode resonance in the elevation plane.

[0039] Figure 10 It is the schematic top view structure diagram of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 It is the schematic top view structure diagram of a large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance of the present invention.

[0041] Among them, 1. Radiation patch; 2. Dielectric layer; 3. Ground plane; 4. Coaxial probe one; 5. Coaxial probe two; 6. First slit component group; 7. Second slit component group; 8. Open circuit stub component; 9. Large frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance; 10. 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna element group. Specific implementation mode

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 10, A wide frequency multiplication bandwidth angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance, comprising a rectangular radiation patch 1, a dielectric layer 2 and a ground plane 3 stacked in sequence; also comprising a coaxial probe 4 and a coaxial probe 5 for feeding the rectangular radiation patch 1; there are two groups of the coaxial probe groups, and a second slit component group 7 for improving the impedance matching of the antenna is loaded between the coaxial probe groups and the rectangular radiation patch, and the connection points between the coaxial probe groups and the rectangular radiation patch are all located on one side of the open stub component and on the symmetry axis of the rectangular radiation patch. The coaxial probe 4 is located at the electric field zero point of the TM 03 mode; the coaxial probe 5 is located at the electric field zero point of the TM 01 mode.

[0045] The rectangular radiation patch 1 is loaded with an open stub component 8 with a length of L1 and a width of W1 for separating the common zero point of the electric field of the TM 01 mode and the TM 03 mode; the open stub component 8 is located beside a short side of the rectangular radiation patch and is symmetric about the mid-axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch; the free space wavelength of the low-frequency center frequency of the antenna operating frequency band is λ0, where 0.046λ0 < L1 < 0.047λ0 and 0.027λ0 < W1 < 0.029λ0.

[0046] The rectangular radiation patch 1 is loaded with a first slit component group 6 for improving the sidelobe of the high-order mode and increasing the gain; there are two groups of the first slit component group 6, with a length of L2 and a width of W2, which are respectively located on the other long side of the rectangular radiation patch; where 0.023λ0 < L2 < 0.024λ0 and 0.006λ0 < W2 < 0.007λ0.

[0047] A second slit component group 7 for improving the impedance matching of the antenna is loaded between the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch; the second slit component group 7 is respectively composed of annular slit groups with widths of R1, R2, and R3; the annular slits with widths of R1 and R2 are loaded between the coaxial probe 4 and the rectangular radiation patch and are concentric with the coaxial probe 4; the annular slit with a width of R3 is loaded between the coaxial probe 5 and the rectangular radiation patch and is concentric with the coaxial probe 5; the central connection lines of the second slit component group and the coaxial probe group are all located on the mid-axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch; where R1 < R2 and R1 = R3.

[0048] The length of the rectangular radiation patch 1 is L3 and the width is W3, where 0.21λ0 < L3 < 0.23λ0 and 0.10λ0 < W3 < 0.11λ0. The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 is ε r , where 3.4 < ε r<3.5. The dielectric layer 2 is a square dielectric plate with a side length of a; the ground plate 3 is a square metal floor with a side length of a; the total thickness of the cross-section of the patch antenna is H, where 0.65λ0 < a < 0.67λ0 and 0.032λ0 < H < 0.034λ0. In summary, a large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance provided by the present invention uses a structure of one dielectric plate, one radiation patch, and no additional circuit for impedance matching. By placing the coaxial probe group at the electric field zero point of the TM 0,1 / 3 mode, the patch antenna achieves characteristics of low profile, dual frequency, and high isolation of dual ports, with a relatively stable gain pattern distribution and stable working performance

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Please refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 11 , a large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance, including a dielectric layer 2, the large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit based on multimode resonance, and an alternately arranged 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit group 10; the length of the dielectric layer 2 is L4, the width is W4, and the total thickness of the cross-section is H; where 3.73λ0 < L4 < 3.74λ0, 0.53λ0 < W4 < 0.54λ0, and 0.032λ0 < H < 0.034λ0.

[0051] There are a total of eight groups of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit groups 9 based on multimode resonance, which are respectively located on both sides of the short side of the dielectric layer 2 and between the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit groups 10; there are a total of seven groups of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit groups 10, which are respectively located between the large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna units 9 based on multimode resonance; the center of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit group 10 is located on the central axis of the short side of the dielectric layer, and the coaxial feeding distance within the antenna unit group is D1; the array distance between the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit group 10 and the large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit 9 based on multimode resonance is D2; the array distance of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit 9 based on multimode resonance is D3; where 0.25λ0 < D1 < 0.26λ0, 0.15λ0 < D2 < 0.16λ0, and 0.46λ0 < D3 < 0.47λ0.

[0052] In summary, a large frequency multiplication bandwidth and wide-angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance provided by the present invention uses a structure of one dielectric plate, one radiation patch, and no occlusion caused by the stacking method of high- and low-frequency antennas. The antenna array achieves wide frequency multiplication, a wide beam scanning angle range, a relatively stable gain pattern distribution, and stable working performance.

[0053] Example 3 Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a wide-angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance. After loading the open stub component 8, the zeros of the TM 01 mode and the TM 03 mode both move towards the open stub direction. Since the operating frequency of the TM 01 mode is relatively low and the electrical size of the open stub is small under the TM 01 mode, for the TM 01 mode, the effect of extending the patch length is weak and the zero movement effect is not obvious. While the operating frequency of the TM 03 mode is relatively high, so the electrical size of the open stub under the TM 03 mode is large and can be approximately equivalent to extending the patch length by the same length as the open stub, and the zero movement effect is significant. Therefore, the zero of the TM 01 mode moves by 0.06L1, and the central zero of the TM 03 mode moves by 0.15L1, effectively separating the coincident zeros of the two modes. Compared with the patch antenna before adding the open stub component, its isolation is improved by 24.9 dB at low frequency and 22 dB at high frequency.

[0054] However, the radiation pattern gain of the TM 03 mode of the antenna fails to meet the requirements. Therefore, in order to increase the pattern gain of the TM 03 mode and improve its sidelobes, a first slot component group 6 for improving the sidelobes of the higher-order mode and increasing the gain is loaded on the two long sides of the patch. The current direction of the TM 03 mode of the antenna changes twice, and the middle current is opposite to the currents at both ends, resulting in a high sidelobe phenomenon in the far-field radiation pattern. By opening a slot at the middle zero of the electric field of the TM 03 mode, where the slot loading position is the maximum current, interfering with the middle current path can effectively weaken the current cancellation in the opposite direction, thereby achieving a 1.5 dB reduction in the sidelobe of the TM 03 mode pattern and a 1 dB gain increase in the band.

[0055] Since the positions of the coaxial probe 1 - 4 and the coaxial probe 2 - 5 for feeding cannot be moved, it is impossible to adjust the impedance of the antenna by adjusting their positions. Therefore, in order to achieve the impedance matching of the two coaxial probe groups, a second slot component group 7 is loaded between the two coaxial probe groups and the patch. Among them, the annular slots with widths of R1 and R2 are loaded between the coaxial probe 1 - 4 and the patch, and the annular slot with a width of R3 is loaded between the coaxial probe 2 - 5 and the patch. Finally, the return loss of the patch antenna is greater than 18 dB at the center frequency points of low frequency and high frequency, and when based on multimode resonance, it has excellent performance such as low profile, dual-band, high isolation of dual ports, relatively stable gain pattern distribution, and stable operating performance.

[0056] The application effect of the wide frequency multiplication factor and wide-angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance will be described in detail below in combination with the simulation results and some measured results.

[0057] As Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown, there are two resonance points in the frequency band of the antenna. The impedance bandwidths of the antenna in the two working frequency bands are 2 GHz - 2.03 GHz and 5.24 GHz - 5.39 GHz respectively. In the low-frequency band, the port of the coaxial probe 4 maintains good impedance matching in the band, and the reflection coefficient of the port of the coaxial probe 5 is basically total reflection. The isolation degree between the two ports in the band is higher than 26.6 dB; in the high-frequency band, the reflection coefficient of the port of the coaxial probe 4 is basically total reflection, and the port of the coaxial probe 5 maintains good impedance matching in the band. The isolation degree between the two ports in the band is higher than 20 dB. It can be seen from Figure 4 , Figure 5 that the antenna has the characteristics of dual-frequency and high isolation of dual ports.

[0058] As Figure 6 shown, among them, Figure 6 (a), Figure 6 (b) respectively represent the function curves of the antenna gain in the E-plane and H-plane changing with the angle when the resonance point frequencies are 2.02 GHz and 5.28 GHz. It can be seen from Figure 6 that the distribution of the antenna gain pattern is relatively stable and the working performance is stable.

[0059] As Figure 7 shown, the maximum gain simulation result of the antenna in the low-frequency band is about 6.9 dB, and the maximum gain simulation result in the high-frequency band is about 8.4 dB.

[0060] To sum up, a wide frequency multiplication factor and wide-angle scanning patch antenna based on multimode resonance provided by the present invention uses a structure of one layer of dielectric board and one layer of radiation patch without using additional circuits to achieve impedance matching. By placing the coaxial probe group at the electric field zero point of the TM 0,1 / 3 mode, the patch antenna realizes the characteristics of low profile, dual-frequency and high isolation of dual ports. The distribution of the gain pattern is relatively stable and the working performance is stable; the maximum gain reaches 6.9 dB in the low-frequency band and 8.4 dB in the high-frequency band. The distribution of the gain pattern is relatively stable and the working performance is stable.

[0061] Embodiment 4

[0062] Please refer to Figure 3, A large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance, including a dielectric layer 2, 8 groups of the large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna units based on multimode resonance, and 7 groups of 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna units placed alternately; the antenna unit groups are linearly arranged along the narrow side of the dielectric board. Among them, the array pitch of the low-frequency antenna unit groups is 70 mm, and the array pitch of the high-frequency antenna unit groups is 23.3 mm. The pitch of each unit in the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit group along the short side direction of the dielectric board is 38 mm, and there are a total of 28 high-frequency patch units.

[0063] For traditional large frequency multiplication phased array antennas, due to the coexistence of low-frequency antenna units and high-frequency antenna units, the insufficient space causes the array pitch of the high-frequency antenna units to be greater than 1 working wavelength, which will cause relatively large grating lobes in the normal beam direction pattern. The difference between the grating lobe and the main lobe is only 8 dB, and normal beam scanning cannot be performed. When a large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit based on multimode resonance proposed by the present invention operates in the high-frequency working mode, it can be approximately equivalent to a high-frequency antenna unit, and the originally too large array pitch between the high-frequency patch antenna unit groups, in combination with the TM 03 mode provided by the large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit based on multimode resonance, the equivalent array pitch of the high-frequency patch antenna units is reduced to 23.3 mm, which can effectively eliminate the grating lobes caused by too large array pitch; when the antenna array operates at low frequency, the large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna unit based on multimode resonance operates in the TM 01 mode, and the array pitch of the low-frequency antenna units is 70 mm, and normal beam scanning can be performed.

[0064] For a large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna array, the difference between the low-frequency and high-frequency bands is relatively large. The antenna size and floor size of the low-frequency are larger than those of the high-frequency. The high-frequency patch antenna unit groups will be affected by the too large floor, resulting in problems such as pattern distortion and depression, which seriously limit the beam scanning performance of the array. Therefore, two units are placed in the direction perpendicular to the array axis of the high-frequency antenna unit groups to form high-frequency antenna unit groups in a 2×2 manner, and by reducing the equivalent floor, the shape of the pattern and the beam scanning performance of the array can be effectively maintained. The application effect of the large frequency multiplication wide-angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance is described in detail below in combination with the simulation results.

[0065] As Figure 8 、 Figure 9 shown, where Figure 8 、 Figure 9Beam scanning direction patterns of the proposed wide frequency - bandwidth and wide - angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance at frequencies of 2.02 GHz and 5.28 GHz are shown. The achievable gain direction patterns of the array antenna at different scanning angles are given in the figure. It can be seen from the figure that the proposed array achieves beam scanning coverage of ±60° at the low frequency of 2.02 GHz. The achievable gain at normal direction is 13.85 dB, and the achievable gain when scanned to ±60° is 11.19 dB, with the achievable gain scan degradation being only 2.66 dB. When the array operates at the high frequency of 5.28 GHz, the achievable gain at normal direction is 20.36 dB, and the achievable gain when scanned to ±60° is 17.51 dB, with the achievable gain scan degradation being only 2.85 dB. And within the entire beam scanning range, no grating lobes appear in the beam direction pattern, achieving beam scanning coverage of ±60°, indicating that the wide frequency - bandwidth and wide - angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance has good beam scanning performance at both low and high frequencies.

[0066] In summary, a wide frequency - bandwidth and wide - angle scanning patch antenna array based on multimode resonance provided by the present invention uses one layer of dielectric substrate and one layer of radiation patch, without the occlusion caused by the stacking of high - and low - frequency antennas. The antenna array achieves wide frequency multiplication, a wide beam scanning angle range, a relatively stable gain direction pattern distribution, and stable working performance.

[0067] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance, characterized in that, It includes a rectangular radiation patch (1), a dielectric layer (2), and a ground plane (3) stacked in sequence, as well as a coaxial probe group for feeding the rectangular radiation patch (1). The coaxial probe group includes a first coaxial probe (4) and a second coaxial probe (5); An open stub component (8) is arranged beside the short side of the rectangular radiation patch (1), and a first slot component group (6) is arranged on both sides of the long side; The connection points of the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch (1) are all located on the rectangular radiation patch (1), and on the side far from the open stub component (8), and on the symmetry axis of the long side of the rectangular radiation patch (1); A second slot component group (7) for improving the antenna impedance matching is loaded between the coaxial probe group and the rectangular radiation patch (1).

2. The wide-angle scanning patch antenna with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 1, wherein The position of the feeding point of the coaxial probe 1 (4) is at the zero point of the electric field in the TM 03 mode, and the position of the feeding point of the coaxial probe 2 (5) is at the zero point of the electric field in the TM 01 mode; The rectangular radiating patch (1) is loaded with an open stub component (8) for separating the electric field common zero point of the TM 01 mode from that of the TM 03 mode.

3. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that Taking the short side direction of the rectangular radiation patch (1) as the width and the long side direction as the length; The open stub component (8) has a length of L1 and a width of W1, and is symmetric about the mid-axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch (1). The free space wavelength of the low-frequency center frequency of the antenna operating frequency band is λ0, where 0.046λ0 < L1 < 0.047λ0, 0.027λ0 < W1 < 0.029λ0.

4. The wide-angle scanning patch antenna with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 3, characterized in that Taking the short side direction of the rectangular radiation patch (1) as the length and the long side direction as the width; The first slot component group (6) is composed of slots with a length of L2 and a width of W2, and the first slot component group (6) is symmetric about the mid-axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch (1); Among them, 0.023λ0 < L2 < 0.024λ0, 0.006λ0 < W2 < 0.007λ0.

5. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second slot component group (7) includes a first second slot component group and a second second slot component group. The first second slot component group is composed of an annular slot group with diameters of R1 and R2; The second second slot component group is composed of an annular slot group with diameters of R2 and R3; The annular slots with diameters of R1 and R2 in the second slot component group (7) are loaded between the feeding point of the first coaxial probe (4) and the rectangular radiation patch (1), and are concentric with the first coaxial probe (4); The annular slot with a diameter of R3 is loaded between the feeding point of the second coaxial probe (5) and the rectangular radiation patch (1), and is concentric with the second coaxial probe (5); The central connection lines of the second slot component group (7) and the coaxial probe group are all located on the mid-axis of the short side of the rectangular radiation patch (1); Among them, R1 < R2, R1 = R3.

6. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 1, characterized in that The length of the rectangular radiation patch (1) is L3, and the width is W3, where 0.21λ0 < L3 < 0.23λ0, 0.32λ0 < W3 < 0.35λ0. The dielectric layer (2) is a square dielectric plate with a side length of a and a thickness of H; The ground plane (3) is a square metal floor with a side length of a; The total thickness of the cross-section of the patch antenna is H, where 0.65λ0 < a < 0.67λ0, 0.032λ0 < H < 0.034λ0.

7. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna array with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance, characterized in that, It includes a dielectric layer (2), a large frequency multiplication bandwidth wide-angle scanning patch antenna (9) based on multimode resonance, and a 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna unit group (10) placed alternately; The large frequency multiplication bandwidth angular scanning patch antennas (9) based on multimode resonance are arranged equidistantly on the surface of the dielectric layer (2), and the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna groups (10) are alternately placed between adjacent large frequency multiplication bandwidth angular scanning patch antennas (9) based on multimode resonance.

8. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna array with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the dielectric layer (2) is L4, the width is W4, and the total thickness of the cross-section is H; where 3.73λ0 < L4 < 3.74λ0, 0.53λ0 < W4 < 0.54λ0, 0.032λ0 < H < 0.034λ0.

9. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna array with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 7, characterized in that, There are a total of eight groups of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth angular scanning patch antennas (9) based on multimode resonance, and a total of seven groups of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna element groups (10). The large frequency multiplication bandwidth angular scanning patch antennas (9) are linearly arranged along the narrow side of the dielectric plate (2).

10. A wide-angle scanning patch antenna array with large frequency multiplication bandwidth based on multimode resonance according to claim 7, characterized in that, The array pitch of the large frequency multiplication bandwidth angular scanning patch antennas (9) is 70 mm, and the array pitch of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna element groups (10) is 23.3 mm; the center of the 2×2 high-frequency patch antenna element group (10) is located on the central axis of the short side of the dielectric layer (2), and the pitch of each element along the short side direction of the dielectric plate (2) is 38 mm, with a total of 28 high-frequency patch elements.

Images