Over-temperature protection method and device, plug, electric appliance and charging pile

Abstract

The invention discloses an over-temperature protection method and device, a plug, an electric appliance and a charging pile. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring thermal impedance corresponding to a temperature sensor at a first moment when an electric connector is electrified based on a first thermal resistance and thermal capacitance model; obtaining thermal resistance corresponding to the electric connector; determining a temperature rise threshold value of the temperature sensor at the first moment based on a preset temperature threshold value, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance and the environment temperature; and executing an over-temperature protection process on the electric connector in response to the condition that the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meets a first over-temperature protection requirement. Wherein the temperature rise threshold value is a value dynamically determined according to thermal resistance delay between the temperature sensor and the electric connecting piece, and can more accurately reflect the temperature limit which can be borne by the electric connecting piece at present, so that over-temperature protection is more timely and more accurately carried out on the electric connecting piece, and the problem of equipment damage caused by over-temperature is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of computer technologies, and particularly to an over-temperature protection method, device, plug, electrical appliance, and charging pile. Background Art

[0002] Over-temperature protection of an electrical connector (such as a pin in a plug) refers to a series of protection processes triggered when the temperature of the electrical connector rises abnormally. For example, cutting off the power supply, triggering an alarm, etc.

[0003] In related technologies, a constant-temperature management scheme is usually adopted. This scheme equates the reading of the temperature sensor inside the plug to the temperature of the pin of the plug, and uses the maximum allowable temperature of the pin as the basis for over-temperature protection judgment. That is, when the reading of the temperature sensor is greater than the maximum allowable temperature of the pin, the over-temperature protection process is triggered.

[0004] However, there are usually some filling materials between the pin and the temperature sensor in the plug, and there is a certain thermal resistance delay between the two, resulting in the response speed of the temperature sensor being slower than the temperature rise speed of the pin. When the temperature of the pin has exceeded the maximum allowable temperature, the temperature sensor may not have reached the temperature threshold for triggering over-temperature protection, thus causing problems such as plug burnout. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides an over-temperature protection method, device, plug, electrical appliance, and charging pile. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, an over-temperature protection method is provided. The method includes:

[0007] Based on a first thermal resistance and heat capacity model, obtain the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at a first moment when the electrical connector is powered on. The first thermal resistance and heat capacity model is used to express the change in the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time. The temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector;

[0008] Obtain the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector;

[0009] Based on a preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance, and the ambient temperature, determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment. The preset temperature threshold is used to express the safe limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located;

[0010] In response to the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting a first over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0011] On the other hand, an over-temperature protection method is provided. The method includes:

[0012] Determine a first temperature relationship based on a first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature of the physical environment, where the first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between a first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss of the electrical connector; the physical environment represents the environment where the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are located;

[0013] Determine a second temperature relationship based on a second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature, where the second temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between a second stable temperature corresponding to the electrical connector after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss;

[0014] Determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold;

[0015] In response to the relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting the requirements of the second over-temperature protection, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0016] On the other hand, an over-temperature protection device is provided, and the device includes:

[0017] A first acquisition module, configured to acquire the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at a first moment when the electrical connector is powered on based on a first thermal resistance-capacitance model, where the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to express the change in the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector;

[0018] The first acquisition module is configured to acquire the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector;

[0019] A first determination module, configured to determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment based on a preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance, and the ambient temperature, where the preset temperature threshold is used to express the safe limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located;

[0020] A first execution module, configured to execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting the requirements of the first over-temperature protection.

[0021] On the other hand, an over-temperature protection device is provided, and the device includes:

[0022] A second acquisition module, configured to determine a first temperature relationship based on a first thermal resistance from a temperature sensor to a physical environment and a current ambient temperature of the physical environment, where the first temperature relationship characterizes a relationship between a first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and a power loss of an electrical connector; the physical environment represents the environment where the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are located;

[0023] The second acquisition module is configured to determine a second temperature relationship based on a second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature, where the second temperature relationship characterizes a relationship between a second stable temperature corresponding to the electrical connector after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss;

[0024] The second acquisition module is configured to determine a temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold;

[0025] A second execution module, configured to execute an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to a relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting a second over-temperature protection requirement.

[0026] On the other hand, a controller is provided, where the controller includes a processing unit and a storage unit, and at least one program is stored in the storage unit, and the at least one program is loaded and executed by the processing unit to implement the over-temperature protection method described in any one of the above.

[0027] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, and at least one program is stored in the storage medium, and the at least one program is loaded and executed by a processing unit to implement the over-temperature protection method described in any one of the above.

[0028] On the other hand, a computer program product is provided, where the computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program implements the over-temperature protection method described in any one of the above when executed by a processing unit.

[0029] On the other hand, a plug is provided, where the plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method described in any one of the above.

[0030] On the other hand, an electrical appliance is provided, where the electrical appliance includes the above plug; or, the electrical appliance is used to connect the above plug.

[0031] On the other hand, a charging pile is provided, where the charging pile includes the above plug; or, the charging pile is used to connect the above plug.

[0032] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application at least include:

[0033] Introduce the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model to calculate the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment. Combine the thermal resistance of the electrical connector, the ambient temperature, and the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment to dynamically determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the current moment. This temperature rise threshold is not a fixed value, but a value dynamically determined according to the thermal resistance delay between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector, which can more accurately reflect the temperature limit that the electrical connector can withstand at present. By comparing the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the current moment with the dynamically determined temperature rise threshold to trigger the over-temperature protection process, the electrical connector can be over-temperature protected more timely and accurately, effectively reducing the problem of equipment damage caused by over-temperature. Description of the Drawings

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a plug provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a thermal impedance curve provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a thermal impedance curve provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a thermal impedance curve provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a curve showing the change of the temperature threshold with the ambient temperature provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 9 It is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 10 It is the structural block diagram of the over-temperature protection device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 11 It is the structural block diagram of the over-temperature protection device provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 12 It is the structural block diagram of the controller provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following will further describe the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0048] In the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects. It should be understood that there is no logical or temporal dependency between "first" and "second", nor are the quantity and execution order limited.

[0049] It should be noted that before and during the process of collecting relevant data of users in the present application, a prompt interface, a pop-up window or voice prompt information can be displayed. The prompt interface, pop-up window or voice prompt information is used to prompt the user that their relevant data is currently being collected, so that the present application only starts to execute the relevant steps of obtaining the user's relevant data after obtaining the confirmation operation of the user on the prompt interface or the pop-up window. Otherwise (that is, when the confirmation operation of the user on the prompt interface or the pop-up window is not obtained), the relevant steps of obtaining the user's relevant data are ended, that is, the relevant data of the user is not obtained. In other words, all user data collected by the present application is collected with the consent and authorization of the user, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant user data need to comply with relevant laws, regulations and standards.

[0050] First, a brief introduction to the nouns involved in the embodiments of the present application:

[0051] Electrical connector: It refers to the conductive device in the electrical connection device. Among them, the electrical connection device can be implemented as a plug, a socket, a connector (such as a Type-C cable, a cable connector, a magnetic connector, etc.). The electrical connector in the plug can be implemented as the pin of the plug, the electrical connector in the socket can be implemented as the spring piece or metal sleeve in the plug, and the electrical connector in the connector can be implemented as a series of conductive contacts inside the connector. This application mainly takes the electrical connection device implemented as a plug as an example for illustration.

[0052] Over-temperature protection: It refers to a series of protection processes triggered when the temperature of the electrical connector rises abnormally. For example: cutting off the power supply, triggering an alarm, etc. Schematically, a temperature sensor can be set near the electrical connector of the electrical connection device. The temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector. When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches the temperature threshold, the over-temperature protection of the electrical connector can be triggered.

[0053] Thermal resistance and thermal impedance: In this application, let the stable temperature of the temperature sensor be T1, the instantaneous temperature of the temperature sensor be T1(t), the stable temperature of the electrical connector be T2, and the instantaneous temperature of the pin be T2(t). P represents the power loss of the electrical connector, where:

[0054] The first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment is defined as:

[0055] The second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment is defined as:

[0056] The thermal impedance of the temperature sensor is defined as

[0057] The thermal impedance of the electrical connector is defined as

[0058] In the related art, a constant temperature thermal management scheme is usually adopted. This scheme equates the reading of the temperature sensor inside the plug to the temperature of the pin of the plug, and uses the maximum allowable temperature of the pin as the judgment basis for over-temperature protection. That is, when the reading of the temperature sensor is greater than the maximum allowable temperature of the pin, the over-temperature protection process is triggered. However, there are usually some filling materials between the pin and the temperature sensor in the plug, and there is a certain thermal resistance delay between the two, resulting in the response speed of the temperature sensor being slower than the temperature rise speed of the pin. When the temperature of the pin has exceeded the maximum allowable temperature, the temperature sensor may not have reached the temperature threshold for triggering over-temperature protection, thus causing problems such as plug burnout.

[0059] Based on this, this application provides an over-temperature protection method, taking the electrical connection device implemented as a plug as an example for illustration. First, the structure of the plug involved in this application is introduced below. Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic structural diagram of the plug provided in the present application. The plug 100 includes a pin 110, a temperature sensor 120, a filling material 130, a housing 140, and a cable 150.

[0060] The pin 110 is an electrical connector in the plug 100, and its temperature change directly affects the performance of the plug 100. The pin 110 is usually made of a metal with good electrical conductivity, such as copper or gold-plated copper, to ensure low resistance and high conductivity; the shape of the pin 110 can be cylindrical, square-columnar, flat, etc.; the pin 110 is usually located at the front end of the plug 100 and directly contacts the jack in the socket. When the plug 100 is inserted into the socket, the pin 110 forms an electrical connection with the jack to achieve the transmission of current.

[0061] The temperature sensor 120 is used to detect the device temperature of the pin 110 to trigger over-temperature protection for the plug 100. The temperature sensor 120 includes a thermistor, a thermocouple, a digital temperature sensor, etc.; the temperature sensor 120 is usually located near the pin 110, and the temperature sensor 120 will feedback its reading to the controller in real time. The controller judges whether the plug 100 meets the over-temperature protection requirements according to the reading of the temperature sensor 120. If it meets the requirements, the controller will trigger over-temperature protection for the plug 100. Optionally, the controller (such as a control circuit) in the present application can be installed in the plug or in other devices connected to the plug, which is not limited here. Schematically, the plug 100 includes a controller, and the controller executes the over-temperature protection method involved in the present application; or, the plug 100 is connected to an electrical appliance, and the electrical appliance includes a controller, and the controller executes the over-temperature protection method involved in the present application; or, the plug 100 is connected to a charging pile, and the charging pile includes a controller, and the controller executes the over-temperature protection method involved in the present application. It should be noted that in the present application, the plug 100 can also be a part of an electrical appliance or a charging pile, and the controller can be located in the plug 100 or in other parts of the electrical appliance or the charging pile except the plug 100.

[0062] The filling material 130 is used to meet the requirements of heat conduction, insulation, and fixation. The filling material 130 needs to have good heat conductivity to quickly conduct the heat generated by the pin 110 to the temperature sensor 120, the housing 140, or other positions; insulation: the filling material 130 needs to have good insulation performance to prevent current leakage or short circuit; insulation: the filling material 130 also needs to be able to fix devices such as the pin 110 or the temperature sensor 120 to prevent the devices from loosening due to vibration or impact. The filling material 130 is usually filled inside the plug 100 around the pin 110 and the temperature sensor 120.

[0063] The housing 140 is the external protective layer of the plug 100, which is used to protect the internal structure of the plug 100 from the external environment, and at the same time provides mechanical support and electrical insulation; the housing 140 is usually made of plastic, metal or other insulating materials, wrapped around the outside of the plug 100 to protect the internal pins 110, temperature sensor 120 and filling material 130.

[0064] The cable 150 is responsible for power transmission. The cable 150 can be a single-core or multi-core cable. The conductor of the cable 150 is usually made of copper, and the insulating layer is made of plastic or other insulating materials. The cable 150 is usually connected to the pin 110 by welding, crimping or other means. The cable 150 extends from the rear of the plug 100 and is connected to an external circuit.

[0065] The over-temperature protection method involved in this application is mainly executed by the controller. Schematically, the over-temperature protection method involved in this application includes the following two schemes:

[0066] (1) Over-temperature protection based on the transient allowable maximum temperature rise.

[0067] The controller obtains the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor 120 at the first moment when the pin 110 is powered on based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to express the change of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor 120 over time; the controller also obtains the thermal resistance corresponding to the pin 110, and then based on the preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor 120, the thermal resistance of the pin 110 and the ambient temperature, determines the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor 120 at the first moment, where the preset temperature threshold is used to express the safe limit temperature for the operation of the pin 110, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the pin 110 and the temperature sensor 120 are located.

[0068] The temperature sensor 120 will feedback its reading to the controller in real time. The controller determines the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor 120 at the first moment according to the difference between the reading of the temperature sensor 120 at the first moment and the ambient temperature. When this temperature value is greater than the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor 120 at the first moment, the over-temperature protection process for the pin 110 is executed.

[0069] In the above scheme, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is introduced to calculate the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment, and combined with the thermal resistance of the electrical connector, the ambient temperature and the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment, the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the current moment is dynamically determined. By comparing the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the current moment with the dynamically determined temperature rise threshold to trigger the over-temperature protection process, it can more timely and accurately perform over-temperature protection on the pin, effectively reducing the problem of equipment damage caused by over-temperature.

[0070] (2) Over-temperature protection based on the steady-state allowable maximum temperature.

[0071] The temperature sensor 120 feeds back its readings in real time to the controller. The controller determines whether the temperature sensor 120 and the pin 110 reach a stable state at the current ambient temperature according to the readings of the temperature sensor 120. The current ambient temperature refers to the current temperature of the physical environment where the temperature sensor 120 and the pin 110 are located. If so, the controller determines a first temperature relationship based on the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor 120 to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature, and determines a second temperature relationship based on the second thermal resistance from the pin 110 to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature. The first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor 120 in the stable state and the power loss of the pin 110, and the second temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the second stable temperature corresponding to the pin 110 after reaching the stable state and the power loss of the pin 110.

[0072] Then, the temperature sensor 120 determines the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor 120 according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and the preset temperature threshold of the pin 110. When the first stable temperature of the temperature sensor 120 is greater than the temperature threshold, the over-temperature protection process for the pin 110 is executed.

[0073] In the above solution, after the pin and the temperature sensor reach a stable state (i.e., thermal equilibrium) at the current ambient temperature, the safety limit temperature (i.e., the preset temperature threshold) corresponding to the pin is adjusted according to the temperature relationships corresponding to the pin and the temperature sensor respectively, so as to obtain an accurate temperature threshold, improving the accuracy of over-temperature protection. The over-temperature protection provided by this application can determine different temperature thresholds according to different ambient temperatures, ensuring the safe operation of the plug at different ambient temperatures.

[0074] The following specifically introduces the over-temperature protection method provided by this application based on the transient allowable maximum temperature rise.

[0075] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by an embodiment of this application. Optionally, this over-temperature protection method is executed by an electrical connection device, such as being executed by a controller in the electrical connection device. This method includes the following steps 210 to step 240.

[0076] Step 210, obtaining the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance model.

[0077] The temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector. Schematically, the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are in the electrical connection device.

[0078] Wherein, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to express the change of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time.

[0079] Optionally, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model includes the Foster model. Schematically, the Foster model is a local network thermal circuit model that describes the change of thermal impedance over time through an equivalent RC (thermal resistance-capacitance) circuit.

[0080] Among them, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is expressed by the first thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. The first thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is a predetermined expression. Optionally, the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor is fitted through a preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression to obtain the first thermal resistance-capacitance model expression.

[0081] Schematically, if the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is implemented as the Foster model, the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the following formula one:

[0082] Formula one:

[0083] Among them, t represents the time (such as the first time), Z th represents the thermal impedance at time t, R represents the thermal resistance coefficient, τ represents the time constant, τ = R×C, and C represents the heat capacity coefficient.

[0084] Taking the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression as the fitting formula, using the preset fitting method to fit the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor, determining the values of the thermal resistance coefficient and the heat capacity coefficient in the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression, so as to obtain the first thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. The first thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the following formula two:

[0085] Formula two:

[0086] Among them, t represents the time (such as the first time), Z th1 represents the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at time t, R1 represents the first thermal resistance coefficient, τ1 represents the first time constant, τ1 = R1×C1, and C1 represents the first heat capacity coefficient. It should be noted that both R1 and C1 in formula two are known values, representing the values of the thermal resistance coefficient and the heat capacity coefficient determined when fitting the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor.

[0087] Among them, the above thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor refers to the measured curve obtained through experimental measurement. Please refer to Figure 3 which shows a schematic diagram of the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor obtained through experiments. As Figure 3 shown, the thermal impedance curve 301 is the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor obtained through experimental measurement, which is used to reflect the change of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time. Schematically, the thermal impedance expression corresponding to the thermal impedance curve 301 is: Where P represents the power loss of the electrical connector. During the test phase, after the electrical connector is powered on, the temperatures T1(t) of the temperature sensor at multiple moments after power-on and the power loss P of the electrical connector can be measured to plot the thermal impedance curve 301. Among them, the power loss P of the electrical connector can be calculated by the expression: P = I 2 ×R0, where I represents the current flowing through the electrical connector, and R0 represents the self-resistance of the electrical connector and the contact resistance of the electrical connector. The contact resistance refers to the resistance generated at the electrical connection of the electrical connector (such as the contact resistance between the pin and the socket). That is, the power loss P of the electrical connector can be used to represent the energy consumption situation caused by resistance loss when the current passes through the electrical connector.

[0088] Among them, the preset fitting method can be implemented as the least squares method. Schematically, during the test phase, after the electrical connector is powered on, the measured thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at multiple moments is obtained; then, according to the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression and the measured thermal impedance corresponding to multiple moments, an objective function is determined. The objective function is used to represent the difference between the measured thermal impedance and the predicted thermal impedance corresponding to multiple moments (such as the objective function is used to calculate the sum of the squares of the differences between the measured thermal impedance and the predicted thermal impedance corresponding to multiple moments). The predicted thermal impedance is the thermal impedance calculated by the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression; aiming at minimizing the value of the objective function, the heat capacity coefficient and the thermal resistance coefficient in the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression are adjusted to obtain the first heat capacity coefficient and the first thermal resistance coefficient.

[0089] After determining the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression corresponding to the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model, based on the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression, the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on is obtained. Schematically, assuming that the first moment is the 10th second, then the value 10 is substituted into t in Formula 2, and the calculated Z th1 value is also the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the 10th second.

[0090] Step 220, obtain the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector.

[0091] In some embodiments, the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector is the measured thermal resistance obtained through experimental measurement.

[0092] In other embodiments, the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector is the fitted thermal resistance obtained through fitting. Optionally, based on the second thermal resistance coefficient corresponding to the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model, the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector is determined. The second thermal resistance and heat capacity model is used to express the change of the thermal impedance of the electrical connector over time.

[0093] Optionally, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is expressed by a second thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. Among them, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is a pre-determined expression. Optionally, by fitting the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connector with a preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is obtained.

[0094] Optionally, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model includes the Foster model.

[0095] Schematically, if the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is implemented as the Foster model, the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is implemented as the above formula one. Taking the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression as the fitting formula, using the preset fitting method to fit the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connector, and determining the values of the thermal resistance coefficient and the capacitance coefficient in the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression, so as to obtain the second thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. The second thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the following formula three:

[0096] Formula three:

[0097] Among them, t represents the moment (such as the first moment), Z th2 represents the thermal impedance of the electrical connector at the moment t, R2 represents the second thermal resistance coefficient, τ2 represents the second time constant, τ2 = R2 × C2, and C2 represents the second capacitance coefficient. It should be noted that both R2 and C2 in formula three are known values, representing the values of the thermal resistance coefficient and the capacitance coefficient determined when fitting the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connector.

[0098] Among them, the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connector refers to the measured curve obtained through experimental measurement. Please refer to Figure 3 which shows a schematic diagram of the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connector obtained through experiments. As Figure 3 shown, the thermal impedance curve 302 is the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connector obtained through experimental measurement, which is used to reflect the change of the thermal impedance of the electrical connector with time. Schematically, the thermal impedance expression corresponding to the thermal impedance curve 302 is: Among them, P represents the loss power of the electrical connector. During the test stage, after the electrical connector is powered on, the temperature T2(t) of the electrical connector and the loss power P of the electrical connector at multiple moments can be measured to draw the thermal impedance curve 302.

[0099] Among them, the preset fitting method can be implemented as the least squares method. Among them, the introduction of determining the second thermal resistance system and the second capacitance coefficient according to the least squares method can refer to the introduction of determining the first thermal resistance system and the first capacitance coefficient according to the least squares method in the above step 210, which is not limited here.

[0100] Step 230, based on the preset temperature threshold, thermal impedance, thermal resistance, and ambient temperature, determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0101] The preset temperature threshold is used to represent the safety limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector. Schematically, the preset temperature threshold is a preset temperature value, and different electrical connectors may correspond to different preset temperature thresholds.

[0102] The ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located.

[0103] In some embodiments, a first temperature difference between the preset temperature threshold and the ambient temperature is determined; according to the proportional relationship between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance, and the thermal impedance, the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment is determined.

[0104] Optionally, a first ratio between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance is determined; the product of the first ratio and the thermal impedance is calculated as the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment. Schematically, the formula for calculating the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor can be implemented as Formula Four below:

[0105] Formula Four:

[0106] Wherein, represents the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor, T 2_max represents the preset temperature threshold corresponding to the electrical connector, T0 represents the ambient temperature, R2 represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector (when the Foster model is first-order, the thermal resistance R2 corresponding to the electrical connector in Formula Four is also the second thermal resistance coefficient R2 in Formula Three), Z th1 represents the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor. If the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment is calculated, then Z th1 has a value of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0107] Step 240, in response to the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting the first over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0108] Wherein, the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment refers to the increase value of the reading of the temperature sensor at the first moment compared with the ambient temperature. Schematically, if the reading of the temperature sensor at the first moment is T1 and the ambient temperature is T0, then the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment is T1 - T0.

[0109] In some embodiments, in response to the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment being greater than the temperature rise threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0110] Schematically, the over-temperature protection strategies included in the over-temperature protection process include at least one of cutting off the power supply, giving an alarm prompt, reducing the power of the electrical connector, starting a heat dissipation device (such as starting a fan to accelerate heat dissipation), physical isolation (such as pushing the pin out of the socket), etc., which are not limited here.

[0111] In some embodiments, the over-temperature protection strategy executed in the over-temperature protection process is determined according to the difference between the temperature rise value and the temperature rise threshold. Schematically, when the temperature rise value exceeds the temperature rise threshold by 5%, the fan is started to accelerate heat dissipation; when the temperature rise value exceeds the temperature rise threshold by 15%, the power of the electrical connector is reduced; when the temperature rise value exceeds the temperature rise threshold by 30%, the power supply is cut off.

[0112] In summary, for the over-temperature protection method provided in this application, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is introduced to calculate the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment, and in combination with the thermal resistance of the electrical connector, the ambient temperature and the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment, the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the current moment is dynamically determined. This temperature rise threshold is not a fixed value, but a value dynamically determined according to the thermal resistance delay between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector, and can more accurately reflect the temperature limit that the electrical connector can withstand at present. By comparing the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the current moment with the dynamically determined temperature rise threshold to trigger the over-temperature protection process, the over-temperature protection of the electrical connector can be carried out more timely and accurately, effectively reducing the problem of equipment damage caused by over-temperature.

[0113] In some embodiments, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model and the second thermal resistance-capacitance model are N-order thermal resistance-capacitance models, and N is an integer greater than 1. Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 2 The illustrated embodiment can also be implemented as the following steps 411 to step 440.

[0114] Step 411, based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, obtain N thermal impedance components corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on.

[0115] The first thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to express the change of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector.

[0116] Among them, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is an N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model. Schematically, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model can be implemented as an N-order Foster model. The N-order Foster model describes the change of thermal impedance over time through multiple parallel RC circuits, and each RC circuit contains a series combination of a capacitance and a thermal resistance.

[0117] Optionally, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is expressed by a first N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. Among them, the first N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is a predetermined expression. Optionally, the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor is fitted by a preset N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression to obtain the first N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression.

[0118] Schematically, the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the following formula five:

[0119] Formula five:

[0120] Among them, t represents the time (such as the first time), and Z th represents the thermal impedance at time t. N is the order, and R i represents the i-th thermal resistance coefficient, and τ i represents the i-th time constant, and τ i =R i ×C i where C i represents the i-th heat capacity coefficient.

[0121] Taking the preset N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression as the fitting formula, using the preset fitting method to fit the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor, determining the values of N first thermal resistance coefficients and N first heat capacity coefficients in the preset N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression, so as to obtain the first N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. The first N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the following formula six:

[0122] Formula six:

[0123] Among them, t represents the time (such as the first time), and Z th1 represents the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at time t, R 1i represents the i-th first thermal resistance coefficient, and τ 1i represents the i-th first time constant, and τ 1i =R 1i ×C 1i where C 1i represents the i-th first heat capacity coefficient. It should be noted that R 1i and C 1i in formula six are both known values, representing the values of the thermal resistance coefficient and the heat capacity coefficient determined when fitting the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor.

[0124] Among them, the preset fitting method can be implemented as the least squares method. Schematically, in the test stage, after the electrical connector is powered on, the measured thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at multiple moments is obtained; then, according to the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression and the measured thermal impedance corresponding to multiple moments respectively, an objective function is determined, and the objective function is used to represent the difference between the measured thermal impedance and the predicted thermal impedance corresponding to multiple moments respectively (for example, the objective function is used to calculate the sum of squares of the differences between the measured thermal impedance and the predicted thermal impedance corresponding to multiple moments respectively), and the predicted thermal impedance is the thermal impedance calculated by the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression; aiming at minimizing the value of the objective function, the heat capacity coefficient and the thermal resistance coefficient in the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression are adjusted, so as to obtain N first thermal resistance coefficients and N first heat capacity coefficients.

[0125] Schematically, the expression of the objective function can be implemented as: Among them, J represents the objective function, M is the total number of data points collected in the test stage (that is, the total number of moments collected by the temperature sensor), Z 实测 (t j ) represents the measured thermal impedance measured at the j-th moment t j , and Z 预测 (t j ) represents substituting the current thermal resistance coefficient and heat capacity coefficient into the preset thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression to obtain the predicted thermal impedance at the moment t j . By adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and the heat capacity coefficient, the value of the objective function J is minimized, and the optimal thermal resistance and heat capacity parameters (that is, N first thermal resistance coefficients and N first heat capacity coefficients) are obtained through iterative optimization. Among them, M and j are positive integers, and j ≤ M. In some embodiments, the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model is a 4th-order thermal resistance and heat capacity model, and the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model is represented by a first 4th-order thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression.

[0126] Taking the electrical connection device implemented as a plug as an example, the temperature sensor is installed in the plug, and the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model corresponds to 4 first expression coefficients, where the first expression coefficients include:

[0127] The first thermal resistance coefficient, which represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model, and the value range of the first thermal resistance coefficient is from 0.5 Kelvin per watt (K / W) to 8 K / W; or, the value range of the first thermal resistance coefficient is from 0.998282 K / W to 7.338084 K / W; or, the value range of the first thermal resistance coefficient is from 0.9 K / W to 7.5 K / W, etc.

[0128] The first heat capacity coefficient represents the heat capacity corresponding to the first thermal resistance heat capacity model. The value range of the first heat capacity coefficient is from 81 joules per kelvin (J / K) to 600 J / K; alternatively, the value range of the first heat capacity coefficient is from 81.465 J / K to 598.8259 J / K; alternatively, the value range of the first heat capacity coefficient is from 81.4 J / K to 598.9 J / K, etc.

[0129] Schematically, please refer to Table 1, which shows the values of the first expression coefficients corresponding to a 4th-order first thermal resistance heat capacity model. As shown in Table 1, the 4th-order first thermal resistance heat capacity model corresponds to 4 first thermal resistance coefficients and 4 first heat capacity coefficients. The 4 first thermal resistance coefficients include: the 1st-order first thermal resistance coefficient with a value of 7.338084 K / W; the 2nd-order first thermal resistance coefficient with a value of 3.268119 K / W; the 3rd-order first thermal resistance coefficient with a value of 1.003668 K / W; the 4th-order first thermal resistance coefficient with a value of 0.998282 K / W. The 4 first heat capacity coefficients include: the 1st-order first heat capacity coefficient with a value of 81.465 J / K; the 2nd-order first heat capacity coefficient with a value of 106.8625 J / K; the 3rd-order first heat capacity coefficient with a value of 595.6122 J / K; the 4th-order first heat capacity coefficient with a value of 598.8259 J / K.

[0130] Table 1

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] Please refer to Figure 5 , which shows a schematic diagram of the thermal impedance curve corresponding to a 4th-order first thermal resistance heat capacity model. As Figure 5 shown, curve 501 is the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor obtained by experimental measurement, and curve 502 is the fitting curve corresponding to the first 4th-order thermal resistance heat capacity model expression.

[0134] Step 412: Determine the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor according to N thermal impedance components.

[0135] Optionally, calculate the sum of the N thermal impedance components as the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor.

[0136] Schematically, after determining the first Nth-order thermal resistance heat capacity model expression corresponding to the first thermal resistance heat capacity model, obtain N thermal impedance components corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is energized. Schematically, assuming the first moment is the 10th second, then substitute the value 10 into t in Formula 6 and calculate to obtain The value is also the i-th thermal impedance component of the temperature sensor at the 10th second. According to Equation 6, after determining N thermal impedance components, calculate the sum of the N thermal impedance components as the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor.

[0137] Alternatively, based on the weights corresponding to the N thermal impedance components respectively, determine the weighted sum of the N thermal impedance components as the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor. Among them, the weight of the i-th thermal impedance component is used to weight the i-th thermal impedance component, where i is a positive integer and i ≤ N. Optionally, the weight of the thermal impedance component is associated with the time constant corresponding to the thermal impedance component and the current load rate of the electrical connection component. Schematically, the load rate is the ratio of the actual working power (or current) of the electrical connection component to the rated power (or current), and is used to quantify the current working intensity of the electrical connection component; the time constant corresponding to the i-th thermal impedance component is also the i-th time constant corresponding to the first thermal resistance-capacitance model. The weights corresponding to the N thermal impedance components can be adjusted according to the current load rate of the electrical connection component. For example, when the load rate is greater than a preset value, a higher weight is assigned to the thermal impedance component with a smaller time constant. The load rate of the electrical connection component directly affects its heat generation. At high loads, the short-term thermal impedance component (i.e., the thermal impedance component with a smaller time constant) is more sensitive to temperature monitoring, so a higher weight can be assigned.

[0138] Step 420: Based on the N second thermal resistance coefficients corresponding to the second thermal resistance-capacitance model, determine the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connection component.

[0139] Among them, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is an N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is represented by the second N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. Schematically, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model can be implemented as an N-order Foster model. Among them, the second N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is a pre-determined expression. Optionally, the second N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression is obtained by fitting the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connection component with a preset N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression.

[0140] Schematically, the preset thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the above Equation 5. Taking the preset N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression as the fitting formula, use the preset fitting method to fit the thermal impedance curve of the electrical connection component, and determine the values of the N second thermal resistance coefficients and the N second capacitance coefficients in the preset N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression, so as to obtain the second N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression. The second N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression can be implemented as the following Equation 7:

[0141] Equation 7:

[0142] Among them, t represents the time (such as the first time), Z th2 represents the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at time t, R 2i represents the i-th second thermal resistance coefficient, τ 2idenotes the i-th second time constant, τ 2i = R 2i × C 2i , C 2i denotes the i-th second heat capacity coefficient. It should be noted that R 2i and C 2i in Equation 7 are both known values, representing the values of the thermal resistance coefficient and the heat capacity coefficient determined when fitting the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor.

[0143] Among them, the preset fitting method can be implemented as the least squares method. Among them, the introduction of determining N second thermal resistance systems and N second heat capacity coefficients according to the least squares method can refer to the introduction of determining N first thermal resistance systems and N first heat capacity coefficients in step 411 above, which will not be limited here.

[0144] In some embodiments, the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model is a 4th-order thermal resistance and heat capacity model, and the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model is represented by a second 4th-order thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression. The second 4th-order thermal resistance and heat capacity model expression corresponds to 4 second expression coefficients, where the second expression coefficients include:

[0145] The second thermal resistance coefficient, which represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model. The value range of the second thermal resistance coefficient is from 1 K / W to 10 K / W; or, the value range of the second thermal resistance coefficient is from 1 K / W to 9.5 K / W; or, the value range of the second thermal resistance coefficient is from 1.056638 K / W to 9.329864 K / W, etc.

[0146] The second heat capacity coefficient, which represents the heat capacity corresponding to the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model. The value range of the second heat capacity coefficient is from 5 J / K to 56 J / K; or, the value range of the second heat capacity coefficient is from 5.7 J / K to 55.6 J / K; or, the value range of the second heat capacity coefficient is from 5.703816 J / K to 55.58404 J / K, etc.

[0147] Please refer to Table 2, which shows the values of the coefficients of the second expression corresponding to a second thermal resistance-capacitance model of the fourth order. As shown in Table 2, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model of the fourth order corresponds to 4 second thermal resistance coefficients and 4 second capacitance coefficients. The 4 second thermal resistance coefficients include: the first-order second thermal resistance coefficient, with a value of 4.985549 K / W; the second-order second thermal resistance coefficient, with a value of 9.329864 K / W; the third-order second thermal resistance coefficient, with a value of 3.953386 K / W; the fourth-order second thermal resistance coefficient, with a value of 1.056638 K / W. The 4 second capacitance coefficients include: the first-order second capacitance coefficient, with a value of 5.734012 J / K; the second-order second capacitance coefficient, with a value of 55.58404 J / K; the third-order second capacitance coefficient, with a value of 24.48395 J / K; the fourth-order second capacitance coefficient, with a value of 5.703816 J / K.

[0148] Table 2

[0149] 1st order 2nd order 3rd order 4th order <![CDATA[R2]]> 4.985549 9.329864 3.953386 1.056638 <![CDATA[C2]]> 5.734012 55.58404 24.48395 5.703816 <![CDATA[τ2]]> 28.5872 518.5916 96.79452 6.026871

[0150] Please refer to Figure 6 , which shows a schematic diagram of the thermal impedance curve corresponding to a second thermal resistance-capacitance model of the fourth order. As Figure 6 shown, curve 601 is the thermal impedance curve of the temperature sensor obtained by experimental measurement, and curve 602 is the fitting curve corresponding to the second fourth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression.

[0151] Optionally, calculate the sum of the N second thermal resistance coefficients as the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector. Schematically, taking the second fourth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression shown in Table 2 as an example, the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector = 4.985549 + 9.329864 + 3.953386 + 1.056638 = 19.325437.

[0152] Step 430, based on the preset temperature threshold, thermal impedance, thermal resistance, and ambient temperature, determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0153] The preset temperature threshold is used to represent the safe limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located.

[0154] In some embodiments, determine the first temperature difference between the preset temperature threshold and the ambient temperature; according to the proportional relationship between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance, and the thermal impedance, determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0155] Optionally, determine the first ratio between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance; calculate the product of the first ratio and the thermal impedance as the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0156] In some embodiments, the order N of the first thermal resistance-capacitance model can be dynamically determined according to the ambient temperature. Optionally, the order N of the first thermal resistance-capacitance model has a negative correlation with the ambient temperature. Schematically, when the ambient temperature is less than a preset temperature, the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the first moment is determined according to the 6th-order first thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponding to the temperature sensor. In a low-temperature environment, the temperature rise of the electrical connector may be relatively high, but due to the low ambient temperature, the temperature sensor cannot respond in time. At this time, using a high-order model can more accurately determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment, thereby improving the accuracy of over-temperature protection. When the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the first moment is determined based on the 4th-order first thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponding to the temperature sensor. Optionally, the controller stores the first expression coefficients of the 4th-order first thermal resistance-capacitance model, the second expression coefficients of the 4th-order second thermal resistance-capacitance model, the first expression coefficients of the 6th-order first thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the second expression coefficients of the 6th-order second thermal resistance-capacitance model; when the ambient temperature is less than the preset temperature, the first expression coefficients of the 6th-order first thermal resistance-capacitance model and the second expression coefficients of the 6th-order second thermal resistance-capacitance model are used to execute the over-temperature protection method; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, the first expression coefficients of the 4th-order first thermal resistance-capacitance model and the second expression coefficients of the 4th-order second thermal resistance-capacitance model are used to execute the over-temperature protection method.

[0157] Step 440: In response to the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting the first over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0158] In some embodiments, in response to the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment being greater than the temperature rise threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0159] In summary, the over-temperature protection method provided by the present application uses an N-order (such as 4th-order) thermal resistance-capacitance model, which can more accurately describe the change of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time, improve the accuracy of calculating the temperature rise threshold, and thus improve the accuracy of over-temperature protection.

[0160] In some embodiments, in the electrical connection device, at least two temperature sensors can be set for the electrical connector, and then the above over-temperature protection method further includes the following steps:

[0161] Step 1: Based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance models respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors, obtain the thermal impedances respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on.

[0162] Among them, for the determination method of the first thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponding to each temperature sensor and the determination method of the thermal impedance, reference can be made to step 210 or steps 411 and 412, which will not be elaborated here.

[0163] Step 2: Obtain the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector.

[0164] Optionally, based on the second thermal resistance coefficient corresponding to the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model, determine the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector. The second thermal resistance and heat capacity model is used to express the change in the thermal impedance of the electrical connector over time. The specific calculation method of the thermal resistance can refer to Step 220 and will not be elaborated here.

[0165] Step 3: Based on the preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedances, thermal resistances, and ambient temperature respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors, determine the temperature rise thresholds respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors at the first moment.

[0166] The preset temperature threshold is used to express the safe limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensors are located.

[0167] Schematically, for each temperature sensor, determine the first temperature difference between the preset temperature threshold and the ambient temperature; according to the proportional relationship between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance, and the thermal impedance, determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment. The specific calculation method of the temperature rise threshold can refer to Step 230 and will not be elaborated here.

[0168] Step 4: In response to the relationship between the temperature rise values respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors and the temperature rise thresholds meeting the first over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0169] Wherein, the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment refers to the increase value of the reading of the temperature sensor at the first moment compared to the ambient temperature.

[0170] In some embodiments, calculate the average value of the temperature rise values respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors as the average temperature rise value; calculate the average value of the temperature rise thresholds respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors as the average temperature rise threshold value; in response to the average temperature rise value being greater than the average temperature rise threshold value, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0171] In some other embodiments, based on the weights corresponding to at least two temperature sensors respectively, a weighted average of the temperature rise values corresponding to the at least two temperature sensors is calculated as the average temperature rise value, where the weight of the j-th temperature sensor is used to weight the temperature rise value of the j-th temperature sensor, and j is a positive integer; based on the weights corresponding to at least two temperature sensors respectively, a weighted average of the temperature rise thresholds corresponding to the at least two temperature sensors is calculated as the average temperature rise threshold value, where the weight of the j-th temperature sensor is used to weight the temperature rise threshold of the j-th temperature sensor; in response to the average temperature rise value being greater than the average temperature rise threshold value, an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector is executed. Optionally, the weights corresponding to at least two temperature sensors respectively can be determined according to at least one of the following factors: (1) the distance between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector. Schematically, the distance between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector is negatively correlated with the weight of the temperature sensor. (2) The thermal resistance corresponding to the temperature sensor. Schematically, the first thermal resistance coefficient is negatively correlated with the weight of the temperature sensor. A temperature sensor with a high thermal resistance responds slowly to temperature changes, and its measured value may be lagged. Over-temperature protection needs to respond quickly to abnormal temperature rises. The data of a low-thermal-resistance sensor is more timely and can be given a higher weight.

[0172] In some other embodiments, in response to the temperature rise value of any one of at least two temperature sensors being greater than the temperature rise threshold, an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector is executed.

[0173] In the above solution, through the over-temperature protection solution of multiple temperature sensors, the single-point failure problem is avoided. If a certain temperature sensor fails due to physical damage or signal interference, other sensors can still provide effective data, avoiding the complete failure of over-temperature protection. Moreover, by triggering the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector through the thermal impedances of multiple temperature sensors, the judgment error of over-temperature protection is reduced, and the accuracy of over-temperature protection is improved.

[0174] The following specifically introduces the over-temperature protection method provided by this application based on the steady-state allowable maximum temperature.

[0175] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by an embodiment of the present application. Optionally, this over-temperature protection method is executed by an electrical connection device, such as being executed by a controller in the electrical connection device. This method includes the following steps 710 to step 740.

[0176] Step 710, determining a first temperature relationship based on the first thermal resistance of the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature of the physical environment.

[0177] The first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the loss power of the electrical connector; the physical environment represents the environment where the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are located.

[0178] Optionally, the first temperature relationship indicates that the sum of the product of the first thermal resistance and the power loss and the ambient temperature is the first stable temperature.

[0179] Schematically, the first temperature relationship can be expressed by Equation VIII as follows:

[0180] Equation VIII: T1 = P × R1 + T0

[0181] Wherein, T1 represents the first stable temperature, P represents the power loss of the electrical connector, R1 represents the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment, and T0 is the ambient temperature.

[0182] Optionally, the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment is a predetermined first thermal resistance.

[0183] Step 720: Determine a second temperature relationship based on the second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature.

[0184] The second temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the second stable temperature corresponding to the electrical connector after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss.

[0185] Optionally, the second temperature relationship indicates that the sum of the product of the second thermal resistance and the power loss and the ambient temperature is the second stable temperature.

[0186] Schematically, the second temperature relationship can be expressed by Equation IX as follows:

[0187] Equation IX: T2 = P × R2 + T0

[0188] Wherein, T2 represents the second stable temperature, P represents the power loss of the electrical connector, R2 represents the second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment, and T0 is the ambient temperature.

[0189] Step 730: Determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold.

[0190] In some embodiments, a power threshold is determined based on the second temperature relationship and the preset temperature threshold; the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor is determined according to the power threshold and the first temperature relationship.

[0191] Schematically, an equation relationship can be determined according to Equation VIII and Equation IX:

[0192] Then when T2 = T 2_max , the calculation formula of T 1_max is as shown in Equation X below:

[0193] Equation X:

[0194] Among them, T 1_max represents the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor, and T 2_max represents the preset temperature threshold corresponding to the electrical connector. T0 is the ambient temperature, and R1 represents the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment.

[0195] According to Equation Ten, it can be known that the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor changes with the change of the ambient temperature. Please refer to Figure 8 , which shows a schematic diagram of the curve of the temperature threshold changing with the ambient temperature. As Figure 8 shown, curve 801 is the curve of the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor changing with the ambient temperature.

[0196] It should be noted that in Equation Ten, R1 and R2 are predetermined known values. Optionally, the first thermal resistance (R1) and the second thermal resistance (R2) refer to the impedance values obtained through experimental measurement. Schematically, in the test stage, after the electrical connector is powered on and reaches a stable state (thermal equilibrium) at the ambient temperature T0, the stable temperature of the temperature sensor is measured as T1, the stable temperature of the electrical connector is T2, and the power loss of the electrical connector is P. The value of R1 is calculated through the expression , and the value of R2 is calculated through the expression .

[0197] Optionally, the first thermal resistance and the second thermal resistance are associated with the material properties of the filling material, where the filling material refers to the material between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector in the electrical connection device. Schematically, the first thermal resistance is negatively correlated with the thermal conductivity of the filling material, and the second thermal resistance is negatively correlated with the thermal conductivity of the filling material, that is, the higher the thermal conductivity, the lower the thermal resistance. Schematically, thermal resistance (R) and thermal conductivity (λ) are two important parameters describing the heat transfer process, and there is a close connection between them. In the case of one-dimensional heat conduction, the thermal resistance can be expressed by the following formula: R = L÷(λ×A), where L is the length of the heat transfer path, A is the cross-sectional area of the heat transfer, and λ is the thermal conductivity of the material. From this formula, it can be seen that the thermal resistance is inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity, that is, the larger the thermal conductivity, the smaller the thermal resistance; the smaller the thermal conductivity, the larger the thermal resistance. The first thermal resistance is the thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment. The temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector. As the medium between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector, the thermal conductivity of the filling material will directly affect the process of heat transfer from the electrical connector to the temperature sensor. The second thermal resistance is the thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment. The filling material will also affect the heat transfer process between the electrical connector and the physical environment.

[0198] In some embodiments, the filling material corresponds to a thermal conductivity range. As can be seen from the above description, the first thermal resistance range and the second thermal resistance range can be determined according to the thermal conductivity range. From Equation Ten, the temperature threshold range can be determined according to the first thermal resistance range and the second thermal resistance range. That is, given the thermal conductivity range and the given ambient temperature, the temperature threshold will be within a certain temperature threshold range. Schematically, the thermal conductivity range can be implemented as 0.2 W / (m·K) - 1.5 W / (m·K), where W represents watt, m represents meter, and K represents Kelvin.

[0199] Step 740, in response to the relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting the second over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0200] In some embodiments, in response to the first stable temperature being greater than the temperature threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0201] Schematically, the over-temperature protection strategies included in the over-temperature protection process include at least one of cutting off the power supply, alarm prompting, reducing the power of the electrical connector, starting a heat dissipation device (such as starting a fan to accelerate heat dissipation), physical isolation (such as pushing the pin out of the socket), etc., which are not limited herein.

[0202] In some embodiments, determine the over-temperature protection strategy executed in the over-temperature protection process according to the difference between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold. Schematically, start the fan to accelerate heat dissipation when the first stable temperature exceeds the temperature threshold by 5%; reduce the power of the electrical connector when the first stable temperature exceeds the temperature threshold by 15%; cut off the power supply when the first stable temperature exceeds the temperature threshold by 30%.

[0203] In summary, for the over-temperature protection method provided by the present application, after the electrical connector and the temperature sensor reach a stable state at the current ambient temperature, adjust the safety limit temperature (i.e., the preset temperature threshold) corresponding to the pin according to the temperature relationship corresponding to the electrical connector and the temperature sensor respectively, so as to obtain an accurate temperature threshold and improve the accuracy of over-temperature protection.

[0204] In some embodiments, at least two temperature sensors can be set for the electrical connector in the electrical connection device, and then the above over-temperature protection method further includes the following steps:

[0205] Step 1: Determine the first temperature relationships corresponding to the at least two temperature sensors respectively.

[0206] For each temperature sensor, determine the first temperature relationship based on the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature. The first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the loss power of the electrical connector.

[0207] Step 2: Determine a second temperature relationship based on the second thermal resistance of the electrical connector to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature.

[0208] Step 3: Determine the temperature threshold of the j-th temperature sensor based on the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and the preset temperature threshold corresponding to the j-th temperature sensor.

[0209] Schematically, for each temperature sensor, determine the temperature threshold based on the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and the preset temperature threshold corresponding to the temperature sensor. For the specific description of determining the temperature threshold, reference can be made to step 730, which will not be elaborated here.

[0210] Step 4: In response to the relationship between the first stable temperatures respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors and the temperature threshold meeting the second over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0211] In some embodiments, calculate the average value of the first stable temperatures respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors as the average stable temperature; calculate the average value of the temperature thresholds respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors as the average temperature threshold; in response to the average stable temperature being greater than the average temperature threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0212] In other embodiments, based on the weights respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors, calculate the weighted average value of the first stable temperatures respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors as the average stable temperature, where the weight of the j-th temperature sensor is used to weight the first stable temperature of the j-th temperature sensor; based on the weights respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors, calculate the weighted average value of the temperature thresholds respectively corresponding to at least two temperature sensors as the average temperature threshold, where the weight of the j-th temperature sensor is used to weight the temperature threshold of the j-th temperature sensor; in response to the average stable temperature being greater than the average temperature threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0213] In other embodiments, in response to the first stable temperature of any one of at least two temperature sensors being greater than the temperature threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

[0214] The following takes the implementation of the electrical connector as the pin in the plug as an example to specifically introduce the over-temperature protection method provided by this application. Specific introduction.

[0215] Figure 9 is a flowchart of an over-temperature protection method provided by an embodiment of the present application. Optionally, this over-temperature protection method is executed by Figure 1 the plug 100 shown, such as being executed by a controller in the plug 100. This method includes the following steps 901 to step 908.

[0216] Step 901: Obtain N thermal impedance components corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the plug is powered on based on the first Foster model.

[0217] The first Foster model is used to represent the thermal impedance change of the temperature sensor over time, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the plug.

[0218] Among them, the first Foster model is an Nth-order Foster model, where N is an integer greater than 1. Schematically, the Nth-order Foster model is composed of N parallel RC branches, and each branch contains a thermal resistance R and a heat capacity C.

[0219] Step 902: Determine the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor according to the N thermal impedance components.

[0220] Optionally, calculate the sum of the N thermal impedance components as the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor.

[0221] Step 903: Determine the sum of the N second thermal resistance coefficients corresponding to the second Foster model as the thermal resistance corresponding to the pin.

[0222] The second thermal resistance and heat capacity model is represented by the expression of the second Nth-order Foster model.

[0223] Step 904: Based on the preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the first moment, the thermal resistance corresponding to the pin, and the current ambient temperature, determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0224] The preset temperature threshold is used to represent the safe limit temperature for the operation of the pin, and the current ambient temperature refers to the current temperature of the physical environment where the pin and the temperature sensor are located.

[0225] In some embodiments, determine the first temperature difference between the preset temperature threshold and the current ambient temperature; determine the first ratio between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance; calculate the product of the first ratio and the thermal impedance as the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment.

[0226] Step 905: In response to the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment being greater than the temperature rise threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the pin.

[0227] Schematically, the temperature rise threshold is used for transient over-temperature protection judgment after the plug is powered on. That is, the controller will continuously obtain the reading of the temperature sensor and the temperature rise threshold in real time, determine the real-time temperature rise of the temperature sensor according to the difference between the temperature sensor reading and the ambient temperature. If the real-time temperature rise is greater than the temperature rise threshold, the over-temperature protection process is triggered.

[0228] Step 906, in response to the temperature sensor and the pin reaching a steady state at the current ambient temperature, determine a first temperature relationship based on the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature, and determine a second temperature relationship based on the second thermal resistance from the pin to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature.

[0229] The first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a steady state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss of the pin.

[0230] The second temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the second stable temperature corresponding to the pin after reaching a steady state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss of the pin.

[0231] Step 907, determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold.

[0232] In some embodiments, determine a power threshold based on the second temperature relationship and the preset temperature threshold; determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the power threshold and the first temperature relationship.

[0233] Step 908, in response to the first stable temperature of the temperature sensor being greater than the temperature threshold corresponding to the current ambient temperature, execute an over-temperature protection process for the pin.

[0234] Illustratively, the temperature threshold is used for steady-state over-temperature protection judgment after the plug is powered on, that is, the controller will obtain the reading of the temperature sensor in the steady state (thermal equilibrium) and the temperature threshold. If the reading of the temperature sensor in the steady state is greater than the temperature threshold, the over-temperature protection process is triggered.

[0235] Illustratively, please refer to Figure 10 , which shows a structural block diagram of an over-temperature protection device. As shown in Figure 10 , the device includes:

[0236] A first acquisition module 1010, configured to obtain the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on based on a first thermal resistance and heat capacity model, where the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model is used to express the change of the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector;

[0237] The first acquisition module 1010 is configured to obtain the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector;

[0238] The first determination module 1020 is configured to determine a temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment based on a preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance, and the ambient temperature, where the preset temperature threshold is used to represent a safety limit temperature at which the electrical connector operates, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located;

[0239] The first execution module 1030 is configured to execute an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to a relationship between a temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting a first over-temperature protection requirement.

[0240] In some embodiments, the first determination module 1020 is configured to determine a first temperature difference between the preset temperature threshold and the ambient temperature; and determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment according to a proportional relationship between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance and the thermal impedance.

[0241] In some embodiments, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is an N-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, where N is an integer greater than 1; the first acquisition module 1010 is configured to obtain N thermal impedance components corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance model; and determine the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor according to the N thermal impedance components.

[0242] In some embodiments, the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is a fourth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the first thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponds to four first expression coefficients, where the first expression coefficients include:

[0243] A first thermal resistance coefficient, which represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the value range of the first thermal resistance coefficient is from 0.5 Kelvin per watt (K / W) to 8 K / W;

[0244] A first heat capacity coefficient, which represents the heat capacity corresponding to the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the value range of the first heat capacity coefficient is from 81 joules per Kelvin (J / K) to 600 J / K.

[0245] In some embodiments, the first acquisition module 1010 is configured to determine the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector based on a second thermal resistance coefficient corresponding to a second thermal resistance-capacitance model, where the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to represent the change in thermal impedance of the electrical connector over time.

[0246] In some embodiments, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is an Nth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is represented by a second Nth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model expression; the first obtaining module 1010 is configured to determine the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector based on N second thermal resistance coefficients corresponding to the second thermal resistance-capacitance model.

[0247] In some embodiments, the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is a fourth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the second thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponds to four second expression coefficients, where the second expression coefficients include:

[0248] A second thermal resistance coefficient, which represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the second thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the value range of the second thermal resistance coefficient is from 1 K / W to 10 K / W;

[0249] A second capacitance coefficient, which represents the capacitance corresponding to the second thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the value range of the second capacitance coefficient is from 5 J / K to 56 J / K.

[0250] In some embodiments, the first execution module 1030 is configured to execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment being greater than the temperature rise threshold.

[0251] In summary, the over-temperature protection device provided by the present application introduces a first thermal resistance-capacitance model to calculate the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment, and combines the thermal resistance of the electrical connector, the ambient temperature, and the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor at the current moment to dynamically determine the temperature rise threshold at the current moment. This temperature rise threshold is not a fixed value, but a value dynamically determined according to the thermal resistance delay between the temperature sensor and the electrical connector, and can more accurately reflect the temperature limit that the electrical connector can withstand at present. By comparing the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the current moment with the dynamically determined temperature rise threshold to trigger the over-temperature protection process, the over-temperature protection of the electrical connector can be carried out more timely and accurately, effectively reducing the problem of equipment damage caused by over-temperature.

[0252] Schematically, please refer to Figure 11 , which shows a structural block diagram of an over-temperature protection device, as Figure 11 shown, and the device includes:

[0253] A second determination module 1110 is configured to determine a first temperature relationship based on the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature of the physical environment, where the first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss of the electrical connector; the physical environment represents the environment where the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are located.

[0254] The second determination module 1110 is configured to determine a second temperature relationship based on a second thermal resistance of the electrical connector to the physical environment and a current ambient temperature, where the second temperature relationship characterizes a relationship between a second stable temperature corresponding to the electrical connector after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the power loss;

[0255] The second determination module 1110 is configured to determine a temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold;

[0256] The second execution module 1120 is configured to execute an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to a relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting a second over-temperature protection requirement.

[0257] In some embodiments, the second determination module 1110 is configured to determine a power threshold based on the second temperature relationship and the preset temperature threshold; and determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the power threshold and the first temperature relationship.

[0258] In some embodiments, the second execution module 1120 is configured to execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to the first stable temperature being greater than the temperature threshold.

[0259] In summary, for the over-temperature protection device provided in this application, after the electrical connector and the temperature sensor reach a stable state at the current ambient temperature, the safety limit temperature (i.e., the preset temperature threshold) corresponding to the pin is adjusted according to the temperature relationships corresponding to the electrical connector and the temperature sensor respectively, so as to obtain an accurate temperature threshold, improving the accuracy of over-temperature protection.

[0260] It should be noted that the specific limitations in the above-described one or more embodiments of the over-temperature protection device may refer to the limitations on the over-temperature protection method in the foregoing text, which will not be elaborated herein. Each module of the above device can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and their combination. Each module can be embedded in the processing unit of the controller in hardware form or be independent of it, or stored in the storage unit of the controller in software form, so that the processing unit can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0261] An embodiment of this application also provides a controller, which includes: a processing unit and a storage unit, where a computer program is stored in the storage unit; the processing unit is configured to execute the computer program in the storage unit to implement the over-temperature protection method provided in each of the above method embodiments.

[0262] Exemplarily, Figure 12It is a block diagram of a controller 1200 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. Generally, the controller 1200 includes: a processing unit 1201 and a storage unit 1202. Optionally, the controller 1200 can be implemented as a control circuit in an electrical connection component. Optionally, the controller 1200 can be implemented as a microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).

[0263] The processing unit 1201 can include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processing unit, an 8-core processing unit, etc. The processing unit 1201 can be implemented in at least one hardware form such as digital signal processing (DSP), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), programmable logic array (PLA), etc.

[0264] The storage unit 1202 can include one or more computer-readable storage media, and the computer-readable storage media can be non-transitory. The storage unit 1202 can also include a high-speed random access storage unit and a non-volatile storage unit, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash storage devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage media in the storage unit 1202 is used to store at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is used to be executed by the processing unit 1201 to implement the over-temperature protection method provided by each method embodiment in the present application.

[0265] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 may also optionally include: an input interface 1203 and an output interface 1204. The processing unit 1201, the storage unit 1202, the input interface 1203, and the output interface 1204 can be connected through a bus or signal lines. Each peripheral device can be connected to the input interface 1203 and the output interface 1204 through a bus, signal lines, or a circuit board. The input interface 1203 and the output interface 1204 can be used to connect at least one peripheral device related to input / output (I / O) to the processing unit 1201 and the storage unit 1202. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1201, the storage unit 1202, the input interface 1203, and the output interface 1204 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or two of the processing unit 1201, the storage unit 1202, the input interface 1203, and the output interface 1204 can be implemented on a separate chip or circuit board, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0266] Those skilled in the art can understand, Figure 12The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the controller 1200, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or adopt a different component arrangement.

[0267] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a chip, which includes programmable logic circuits and / or program instructions, and is used to implement the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments when the chip runs on a controller.

[0268] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is loaded and executed by a processing unit to implement the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments.

[0269] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and the computer program implements the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments when executed by a processing unit.

[0270] In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a plug. Optionally, the plug can be implemented as an electrical appliance plug, a charging pile plug, etc.

[0271] In some embodiments, the plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller, and the controller is used to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments. In other embodiments, the plug includes a temperature sensor and an electrical connector, and the above controller is included in other devices connected to the plug, and the controller is used to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments.

[0272] In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical appliance. Optionally, the electrical appliance can be implemented as a household electrical appliance (such as a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a washing machine, a microwave oven, etc.), an industrial electrical appliance (such as a motor, a numerically controlled machine tool, a circuit breaker, etc.), an office electrical appliance (such as a computer, a telephone, a fax machine, a router, a scanner, etc.), a medical device, etc., which is not limited here.

[0273] In some embodiments, the electrical appliance includes the above-mentioned plug. Schematically, the plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments; alternatively, the plug includes a temperature sensor and an electrical connector, and other parts of the electrical appliance except the plug include a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments. Or, the electrical appliance is used to connect to the above-mentioned plug. Schematically, the plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments; alternatively, the plug includes a temperature sensor and an electrical connector, and the electrical appliance includes a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments.

[0274] In some other embodiments, the electrical appliance includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments. Schematically, the electrical appliance can be implemented as a mobile phone. The wireless charging coil in the mobile phone can be regarded as an electrical connector. The mobile phone can be powered through the wireless charging coil. The mobile phone also includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the wireless charging coil and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments.

[0275] In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a charging pile. Optionally, the charging pile can be implemented as an electric vehicle charging pile, an electric bicycle / motorcycle charging pile, a ship charging pile, etc., which are not limited herein.

[0276] In some embodiments, the charging pile includes the above-mentioned plug. Schematically, the plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments; alternatively, the plug includes a temperature sensor and an electrical connector, and other parts of the charging pile except the plug include a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments. Or, the charging pile is used to connect to the above-mentioned plug. Schematically, the plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments; alternatively, the plug includes a temperature sensor and an electrical connector, and the charging pile includes a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments.

[0277] In some other embodiments, the electrical appliance includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments. Schematically, the charging pile can be implemented as a wireless charging pile for an electric vehicle (power is transmitted after the charging board is aligned with the coil on the vehicle chassis). The wireless charging coil in the wireless charging pile for an electric vehicle can be regarded as an electrical connector. The wireless charging pile for an electric vehicle can be powered through the wireless charging coil. The wireless charging pile for an electric vehicle further includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the wireless charging coil and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method provided by each of the above method embodiments.

[0278] The serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application above are only for description and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0279] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps to implement the above embodiments can be completed by hardware or can be completed by a program instructing relevant hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can be a read-only storage unit, a magnetic disk, an optical disc, etc.

[0280] Those skilled in the art should be able to realize that in one or more of the above examples, the functions described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium includes computer storage media and communication media, where the communication media includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0281] The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An over-temperature protection method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtaining the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on, based on a first thermal resistance-capacitance model, where the first thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to express the change in the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector; Obtaining the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector; Determining a temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment based on a preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance, and the ambient temperature, where the preset temperature threshold is used to express the safe limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located; In response to the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting a first over-temperature protection requirement, executing an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determining the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor based on the preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance, and the ambient temperature includes: Determining a first temperature difference between the preset temperature threshold and the ambient temperature; Determining the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment according to the proportional relationship between the first temperature difference and the thermal resistance and the thermal impedance.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first thermal resistance-capacitance model is an Nth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, where N is an integer greater than 1; The obtaining the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on, based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, includes: Obtaining N thermal impedance components corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on, based on the first thermal resistance-capacitance model; Determining the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor according to the N thermal impedance components.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The first thermal resistance-capacitance model is a 4th-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the first thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponds to 4 first expression coefficients, where the first expression coefficients include: A first thermal resistance coefficient, which represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the value range of the first thermal resistance coefficient is from 0.5 Kelvin per watt (K / W) to 8 K / W; A first capacitance coefficient, which represents the capacitance corresponding to the first thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the value range of the first capacitance coefficient is from 81 joules per Kelvin (J / K) to 600 J / K.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The obtaining the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector includes: Determining the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector based on a second thermal resistance coefficient corresponding to a second thermal resistance-capacitance model, where the second thermal resistance-capacitance model is used to express the change in the thermal impedance of the electrical connector over time.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second thermal resistance-capacitance model is an Nth-order thermal resistance-capacitance model; The determining the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector based on the second thermal resistance coefficient corresponding to the second thermal resistance-capacitance model includes: Determining the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector based on N second thermal resistance coefficients corresponding to the second thermal resistance-capacitance model.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The second thermal resistance-capacitance model is a 4th-order thermal resistance-capacitance model, and the second thermal resistance-capacitance model corresponds to 4 second expression coefficients, where the second expression coefficients include: The second thermal resistance coefficient, which represents the thermal resistance corresponding to the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model, and the value range of the second thermal resistance coefficient is from 1 K / W to 10 K / W; The second heat capacity coefficient, which represents the heat capacity corresponding to the second thermal resistance and heat capacity model, and the value range of the second heat capacity coefficient is from 5 J / K to 56 J / K.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In response to the relationship between the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting the first over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector, including: In response to the temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment being greater than the temperature rise threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

9. An over-temperature protection method, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine a first temperature relationship based on the first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature of the physical environment, where the first temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the loss power of the electrical connector; the physical environment represents the environment where the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are located; Determine a second temperature relationship based on the second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature, where the second temperature relationship characterizes the relationship between the second stable temperature corresponding to the electrical connector after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the loss power; Determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold; In response to the relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting the second over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The determining the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and the preset temperature threshold includes: Determine a power threshold based on the second temperature relationship and the preset temperature threshold; Determine the temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the power threshold and the first temperature relationship.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The in response to the relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting the second over-temperature protection requirement, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector, includes: In response to the first stable temperature being greater than the temperature threshold, execute the over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector.

12. An over-temperature protection device, characterized in that, The device includes: A first acquisition module, configured to acquire the thermal impedance corresponding to the temperature sensor at the first moment when the electrical connector is powered on based on a first thermal resistance and heat capacity model, where the first thermal resistance and heat capacity model is used to express the change in the thermal impedance of the temperature sensor over time, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the device temperature of the electrical connector; The first acquisition module is configured to acquire the thermal resistance corresponding to the electrical connector; A first determination module, configured to determine the temperature rise threshold of the temperature sensor at the first moment based on a preset temperature threshold, the thermal impedance, the thermal resistance, and the ambient temperature, where the preset temperature threshold is used to express the safe limit temperature for the operation of the electrical connector, and the ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the physical environment where the electrical connector and the temperature sensor are located; A first execution module, configured to execute an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to a relationship between a temperature rise value of the temperature sensor at the first moment and the temperature rise threshold meeting a first over-temperature protection requirement.

13. An over-temperature protection device, characterized in that, The device includes: A second acquisition module, configured to determine a first temperature relationship based on a first thermal resistance from the temperature sensor to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature of the physical environment, where the first temperature relationship characterizes a relationship between a first stable temperature corresponding to the temperature sensor after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the loss power of the electrical connector; the physical environment represents the environment where the temperature sensor and the electrical connector are located; The second acquisition module, configured to determine a second temperature relationship based on a second thermal resistance from the electrical connector to the physical environment and the current ambient temperature, where the second temperature relationship characterizes a relationship between a second stable temperature corresponding to the electrical connector after reaching a stable state at the current ambient temperature and the loss power; The second acquisition module, configured to determine a temperature threshold of the temperature sensor according to the first temperature relationship, the second temperature relationship, and a preset temperature threshold; A second execution module, configured to execute an over-temperature protection process for the electrical connector in response to a relationship between the first stable temperature and the temperature threshold meeting a second over-temperature protection requirement.

14. A plug, characterized in that, The plug includes a temperature sensor, an electrical connector, and a controller, and the controller is configured to execute the over-temperature protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical appliance includes the plug according to claim 14; or, the electrical appliance is configured to connect to the plug according to claim 14.

16. A charging pile, characterized in that, The charging pile includes the plug according to claim 14; or, the charging pile is configured to connect to the plug according to claim 14.

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