A semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards

Abstract

The present invention discloses a semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards, which relates to the technical field of circuit board production and processing, including a processing table, wherein the top of the processing table is rotatably connected to a welding table driven to rotate by a stepper motor, the top of the welding table is symmetrically provided with circuit board adsorption grooves, and the inside of the welding table is provided with an air suction positioning mechanism adapted to the circuit board adsorption grooves; the present invention realizes an automated connection mechanism for the entire process of loading, welding and unloading through the coordinated operation of a multi-station rotary welding table and a double-mounted clamping box at the bottom of a crossbeam, integrates a high-precision stepper motor and a transverse adjustment mechanism, and improves the degree of automation; adopts a multi-sensor fusion control structure including a smoke detection and purification mechanism and a temperature measurement and control mechanism, and at the same time, through visual monitoring of a high-definition camera, can monitor the welding process in real time, and timely remove welding smoke and quickly cool the circuit board after welding, thereby realizing multi-dimensional monitoring and intelligent emergency response of the circuit board welding process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of circuit board production and processing, and in particular to a semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards. Background Art

[0002] Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is one of the core components of electronic devices, used to connect and support electronic components to form a complete circuit system. The basic structure of a circuit board consists of a substrate, a conductive layer, pads, and vias. The substrate is usually an insulating material (such as epoxy resin or fiberglass). The conductive layer is etched to form copper foil circuits on the surface of the substrate to achieve electrical connection between components. This may include multiple layers stacked together. The pads are used to solder component pins, and the vias achieve conductivity between different layers.

[0003] As the physical carrier of electronic systems, the design and manufacturing level of circuit boards directly affects the performance of equipment. The welding process of circuit boards is the core link of electronic manufacturing. Its necessity stems from physical requirements such as electrical connection, mechanical fixation, and heat dissipation management, as well as the technical requirements of modern electronic equipment for high density and high reliability.

[0004] Based on the findings in the existing technology, at the process implementation level, traditional welding platforms are still dominated by manual operations, and lack an automated connection mechanism between key processes such as loading and positioning, welding execution, and finished product unloading, resulting in extended production cycles and high labor costs; in the quality control dimension, although some automated welding equipment has adopted an assembly line production model, due to insufficient welding parameter control capabilities and rigid process paths, it is difficult to ensure solder joint consistency and welding quality; in terms of process monitoring, the existing circuit board welding system is not convenient for relevant monitoring of the welding process, nor can it make corresponding emergency measures, and its functions are single. Therefore, the present invention proposes a semi-automatic circuit board welding system to solve the problems existing in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards to solve the problem that traditional welding platforms are still dominated by manual operations, lack of automated connection mechanisms between key processes such as loading and positioning, welding execution and finished product unloading, and due to insufficient dynamic control capabilities of welding parameters and rigid process paths, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of solder joints and welding quality.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards, including a processing table, the top of the processing table is rotatably connected to a welding table driven to rotate by a stepper motor, the top of the welding table is symmetrically provided with a circuit board adsorption groove, the inside of the welding table is provided with a suction positioning mechanism adapted to the circuit board adsorption groove, the two sides of the welding table are respectively provided with a loading rack and a unloading rack slidably connected to the top of the processing table, the inner sides of the loading rack and the unloading rack are respectively provided with a feeding lifting mechanism and a material receiving buffer mechanism, a crossbeam is provided above the welding table, and both sides of the bottom end of the beam are provided with a first A hanging plate, the bottom end of the first hanging plate is connected to a clamping box through a first cylinder, the bottom end of the clamping box is symmetrically provided with clamping blocks driven to move by a clamping mechanism, an L-shaped bracket is fixed on the rear side of the top end of the processing table, the L-shaped bracket is provided with a smoke detection and purification mechanism, a first linear motor is fixed to the top inner end of the L-shaped bracket, a second linear motor is fixed to the slider at the bottom end of the first linear motor, a second hanging plate is fixed to the slider at the bottom end of the second linear motor, the bottom end of the second hanging plate is fixed to a support frame through a second cylinder, a welding head is fixed to the bottom end of the support frame, a temperature measurement and control mechanism is provided on the support frame, and a high-definition camera is fixed to the front side of the bottom end of the support frame.

[0007] Further improvements are as follows: the smoke detection and purification mechanism includes a horizontal plate symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the L-shaped bracket and a smoke purification box fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket, a smoke sensor is fixed to the bottom end of the horizontal plate, and smoke exhaust fans electrically connected to the smoke sensor are fixed to both side walls of the smoke purification box, and the input end of the smoke exhaust fan is connected to the air intake hood that passes through the top of the L-shaped bracket through a pipeline.

[0008] A further improvement is that a partition is fixed at the top of the flue gas purification box, a flue gas filter is fixed to the bottom of the partition and exhaust fans are fixed at the lower part of both side walls of the flue gas purification box.

[0009] Further improvements are as follows: the suction positioning mechanism includes an air suction pump fixed inside the welding table and a cavity opened below the circuit board adsorption groove, the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove is provided with an air suction hole connected to the cavity, the air inlets on the front, back, left and right sides of the air suction pump are all connected to the suction pipe, an electronic control valve is fixed on the suction pipe, and an air flow duct is connected between the suction pipe and the cavity.

[0010] Further improvements are: an electric heating coil is embedded and installed at the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove, the upper surface of the electric heating coil is at the same horizontal plane as the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove, a battery electrically connected to the electric heating coil is fixed inside the welding table, and grooves adapted to the clamping block are provided on the front and rear sides of the circuit board adsorption groove.

[0011] A further improvement is that the temperature measurement and control mechanism includes an infrared temperature sensor symmetrically fixed to the bottom end of the support frame and an air pump symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head. The air pump is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor, and the air pump is fixed on the support frame.

[0012] Further improvements are: the feeding and lifting mechanism includes a frame fixed to the bottom end of the inner side of the loading rack and a first screw rod rotatably connected to the inner side of the frame and driven to rotate by a servo motor, a lifting plate is threadedly sleeved on the first screw rod, a push rod is symmetrically fixed to the top of the lifting plate, the top of the push rod passes through the frame and is fixed with the loading plate, and the tops of the front and rear side walls of the loading rack are symmetrically provided with grooves adapted to the clamping blocks.

[0013] Further improvements are: the material receiving buffer mechanism includes a sleeve symmetrically fixed to the bottom end of the inner side of the unloading rack and a limit spring fixed to the bottom end of the inner side of the sleeve, the top of the limit spring is fixed with a sliding rod, the top of the sliding rod passes through the top of the sleeve and is fixed with a unloading plate, and the top of the unloading plate is fixed with a buffer rubber pad.

[0014] A further improvement is that the transverse movement adjustment mechanism includes a second screw rod rotatably connected to the inside of the beam and driven to rotate by the first motor and a threaded block threadedly sleeved on the second screw rod, and the bottom end of the threaded block slides through the bottom end of the beam and is fixed to the top end of the first hanger plate.

[0015] Further improvements are: the clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional screw that is rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping box and driven to rotate by a second motor, and a threaded plate that is threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional screw; the top of the clamping block slides through the inside of the clamping box and is fixed to the bottom end of the threaded plate; and the opposite sides of the two groups of clamping blocks distributed relatively front and back are fixed with anti-slip rubber pads.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention realizes the coordinated operation of the multi-station rotary welding table and the double clamping box at the bottom end of the beam, integrates a high-precision stepping motor and a transverse adjustment mechanism, and realizes an automated connection mechanism for the entire process of loading, welding and unloading, without the need for manual control, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing labor costs. In addition, the present invention innovatively adopts a multi-sensor fusion control structure including a smoke detection and purification mechanism and a temperature measurement and control mechanism, which can monitor the welding process in real time, remove welding fumes in time, and cool the circuit board after welding, realizing multi-dimensional monitoring and intelligent emergency response of the welding process. At the same time, through visual monitoring of high-definition cameras, the entire welding process is manually controllable, avoiding the problems of insufficient welding parameter control capabilities and rigid process paths of traditional automatic welding production lines, and ensuring welding quality to a certain extent. It is suitable for small and medium-sized batch production or circuit board production and processing scenarios that require flexible adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is a top view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 is a top view of the processing table of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 is a front cross-sectional view of the welding table of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a front sectional view of the loading rack of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a front cross-sectional view of the unloading rack of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a front sectional view of the flue gas purification box of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 is a side sectional view of the clamping box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 It is a front view of the second cylinder and the support frame of the present invention.

[0027] Among them: 1. Processing table; 2. Stepper motor; 3. Welding table; 4. Circuit board adsorption tank; 5. Loading rack; 6. Unloading rack; 7. Crossbeam; 8. First hanging plate; 9. First cylinder; 10. Clamping box; 11. Clamping block; 12. L-shaped bracket; 13. First linear motor; 14. Second linear motor; 15. Second hanging plate; 16. Second cylinder; 17. Support frame; 18. Welding head; 19. High-definition camera; 20. Crossbeam; 21. Flue gas purification box; 22. Smoke sensor; 23. Smoke exhaust fan; 24. Suction hood; 25. Partition; 26. Flue gas filter; 27. Exhaust fan; 28. Suction pump; 2 9. Cavity; 30. Air intake hole; 31. Air intake pipe; 32. Air flow duct; 33. Electric heating coil; 34. Battery; 35. Infrared temperature sensor; 36. Air pump; 37. Frame; 38. Servo motor; 39. First screw; 40. Lifting plate; 41. Push rod; 42. Loading plate; 43. Sleeve; 44. Limit spring; 45. Slide rod; 46. Unloading plate; 47. First motor; 48. Second screw; 49. Threaded block; 50. Second motor; 51. Bidirectional screw; 52. Threaded plate; 53. Support shaft; 54. Support ball; 55. First limit telescopic rod; 56. Second limit telescopic rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] A circuit board, also known as a printed circuit board or PCB board, is an insulating board with printed wires. It is made by covering an insulating substrate with copper foil and processing it through processes such as etching to form a clear wire layout, thereby achieving electrical connections between electronic components.

[0030] The main function of a circuit board is to reduce the space occupied by wires and organize the wires in a clear layout to facilitate the installation and electrical connection of electronic components. In addition, the circuit board also has functions such as supporting and fixing electronic components, heat dissipation, and electromagnetic shielding. Circuit board welding processing is a key link in electronic manufacturing, involving a variety of technologies and processes.

[0031] In the existing technology, the welding process of the circuit board is as follows: after the circuit board is transferred to the work station by a belt conveyor, the welding worker removes the circuit board from the conveyor line and places it in a fixed tooling. After it is fixed, the tooling is manually pressed and then the welding robot is started to weld. The degree of automation is low and the welding process efficiency needs to be improved.

[0032] according to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment provides a semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards, including a horizontally arranged processing table 1 and a stepper motor 2 fixed to the middle position inside the processing table 1 by bolts. Support legs are welded and fixed at the four corners of the bottom end of the processing table 1 to provide stable support for the processing table 1. A circular welding table 3 is rotatably connected to the top of the processing table 1, and the welding table 3 is driven and rotated by the stepper motor 2. A circuit board adsorption groove 4 for placing the circuit board is opened on the top of the welding table 3. In this embodiment, there are four groups of circuit board adsorption grooves 4, and the four groups of circuit board adsorption grooves 4 are symmetrically distributed in a cross shape on the top of the welding table 3. An air suction positioning mechanism is provided inside the welding table 3, and the air suction positioning mechanism is adapted to the circuit board adsorption groove 4 for adsorbing and fixing the circuit board placed in the circuit board adsorption groove 4;

[0033] A loading rack 5 for temporarily placing circuit boards to be welded is provided on the left side of the welding table 3, and a discharge rack 6 for temporarily placing circuit boards that have been welded is provided on the right side of the welding table 3. T-shaped sliders are symmetrically fixed to the bottom ends of the loading rack 5 and the discharge rack 6. A T-shaped slide rail adapted to the T-shaped slider is provided on the top of the processing table 1. The loading rack 5 and the discharge rack 6 are slidably connected to the top of the processing table 1 through the cooperation of the T-shaped slide rail and the T-shaped slide rail, so that the loading rack 5 and the discharge rack 6 can be slid out or put in. A feeding and lifting mechanism is provided on the inside of the loading rack 5 for lifting the circuit board to be welded in the loading rack 5 to a preset height. A material receiving buffer mechanism is provided on the inside of the discharge rack 6 to buffer the circuit boards that have been welded and fall into the inside of the discharge rack 6;

[0034] A crossbeam 7 with hollow interior on both sides is provided above the welding table 3. The crossbeam 7 is fixed to the top of the processing table 1 through support plates on both sides of its bottom end. First hanging plates 8 are provided on the left and right sides of the bottom end of the crossbeam 7, and the two groups of first hanging plates 8 are driven and displaced laterally by the transverse adjustment mechanisms on the left and right sides of the crossbeam 7 respectively. A first cylinder 9 is fixed to the bottom end of the first hanging plate 8 by bolts, and a hollow clamping box 10 is fixed to the output end of the first cylinder 9 by bolts. Four groups of clamping blocks 11 are symmetrically provided at the bottom end of the clamping box 10. The four groups of clamping blocks 11 correspond to each other in pairs and are driven to move by the clamping mechanism inside the clamping box 10.

[0035] An L-shaped bracket 12 is fixed to the rear side of the top of the processing table 1 by bolts. The top of the L-shaped bracket 12 is bent at ninety degrees and extends to the upper rear side of the welding table 3. A smoke detection and purification mechanism is provided on the L-shaped bracket 12 for monitoring the smoke generated by welding during welding and for suctioning and purifying the smoke. A first linear motor 13 is fixed to the top of the inner side of the L-shaped bracket 12 by bolts. A second linear motor 14 is fixed to the slider at the bottom end of the first linear motor 13 by bolts. The first linear motor 13 can drive the second linear motor 14 to move horizontally left and right. The slider at the bottom end of the second linear motor 14 is fixed to the second hanging plate 15 by bolts. The second linear motor 14 can drive the second hanging plate 15 to move longitudinally forward and backward. Through the cooperation of the first linear motor 14 and the second linear motor 15, the The second hanging plate 15 can be adjusted horizontally to any position. The second hanging plate 15 is fixed to a second cylinder 16 at the bottom end by bolts. The output end of the second cylinder 16 is fixed to a support frame 17 by bolts. The bottom end of the support frame 17 is fixed with a welding head 18 for circuit board welding processing by bolts. The type of the welding head 18 is selected according to actual welding needs to support a variety of welding processes. The support frame 17 is provided with a temperature measurement and control mechanism for measuring the temperature of the circuit board after welding during the welding process and cooling it to room temperature to accelerate the solidification of the solder joint and prevent cold welding. A high-definition camera 19 is fixed to the front side of the bottom end of the support frame 17 by bolts. A 5-megapixel industrial camera is used for real-time shooting of the welded circuit board and transmitting feedback to the display screen on the front side of the processing table 1.

[0036] The smoke detection and purification mechanism includes a horizontal plate 20 and a smoke purification box 21, wherein the horizontal plate 20 is provided with two groups and is symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the L-shaped bracket 12. The smoke purification box 21 is fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket 12 by bolts. The bottom end of the horizontal plate 20 is fixed with a smoke sensor 22 for real-time monitoring of welding smoke by bolts. Smoke fans 23 are fixed to the outer walls of the left and right sides of the smoke purification box 21. The smoke sensor 22 is connected to the PLC control system of the system and is used to start the smoke fan 23 when welding fume is detected. The input end of the smoke fan 23 is connected to the suction hood 24 through a pipeline, and the suction hood 24 is fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket 12. The smoke fan 23 drives the suction hood 24 to suck the air containing welding smoke below it into the smoke purification box 21, thereby realizing the suction and purification of welding fume.

[0037] A partition 25 is fixed in the middle position of the top of the fume purification box 21, and a fume filter 26 is provided at the bottom of the partition 25. The fume filter 26 is fixed inside the fume purification box 21 and is used to filter and purify the welding fume in the air. An exhaust fan 27 is fixed to the lower part of the two side walls of the fume purification box 21. The exhaust fan 27 is started to exhaust the fume purification box 21 so as to discharge the purified and filtered air. The fume filter 26 of this embodiment adopts three-stage filtration, namely a metal sintered filter element (intercepting large particles), an electrostatic dust removal module (12kV high voltage ionization) and an activated carbon adsorption layer (iodine value ≥1000mg / g).

[0038] The suction positioning mechanism includes an air suction pump 28 and a cavity 29, wherein the air suction pump 28 is fixed to the middle position inside the welding table 3 by bolts, and the cavity 29 is opened at the four sides of the welding table 3 and is located one by one below the four groups of circuit board adsorption grooves 4. The bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove 4 is provided with an air suction hole 30, and the air suction hole 30 is connected to the cavity 29. The front, back, left and right sides of the air suction pump 28 are all provided with input end air inlets and are connected to an air suction pipe 31. An electronic control valve is fixed on the air suction pipe 31 for controlling the air suction. An air flow pipe 32 is connected between the air suction pipe 31 and the cavity 29. The air suction pump 28 sucks air into the cavity 29, so that the air suction hole 30 generates suction, thereby adsorbing and fixing the circuit board on the air suction hole 30.

[0039] An electric heating coil 33 with its own temperature control component is embedded in the bottom inner end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, which is used to preheat the circuit board before welding to prevent thermal stress cracking. The upper surface of the electric heating coil 33 is at the same horizontal plane as the bottom inner end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, so that the circuit board can be horizontally attached to the bottom inner end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4. A battery 34 is fixed to the middle position inside the welding table 3 by bolts, and the battery 34 is electrically connected to the electric heating coil 33 through wires to power the electric heating coil 33. Grooves that are compatible with the clamping block 11 are provided on the front and back sides of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, which facilitates the clamping block 11 to clamp the circuit board in the circuit board adsorption groove 4.

[0040] The temperature measurement and control mechanism includes an infrared temperature sensor 35 and an air blow pump 36, wherein the infrared temperature sensor 35 is provided with two groups and is symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the bottom end of the support frame 17, the monitoring end of the infrared temperature sensor 35 is directed toward the circuit board below the welding head 18, and the air blow pump 36 is provided with two groups and is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the welding head 18, the air blow pump 36 is fixed on the support frame 17 by bolts, and the blowing direction is directed toward the circuit board below the welding head 18, the infrared temperature sensor 35 is connected to the PLC control system of the system, and is used to start the air blow pump 36 when it is monitored that the temperature of the circuit board after welding is higher than the preset value, and to blow air to cool the circuit board to increase the solidification speed of the welding point of the circuit board, and to turn off the air blow pump 36 when it is monitored that the temperature of the circuit board after welding is lower than the preset value.

[0041] The feeding and lifting mechanism includes a frame 37, a servo motor 38 and a first screw rod 39, wherein the frame 37 is fixed to the inner bottom end of the loading rack 5 by bolts, the servo motor 38 is located on the inner side of the frame 37 and is fixed to the inner bottom end of the frame 37 by bolts, the bottom end of the first screw rod 39 is fixed to the output end of the servo motor 38, the top end of the first screw rod 39 is rotatably connected to the inner top end of the frame 37 through a bearing, and a lifting plate 40 located on the inner side of the frame 37 is threadedly sleeved on the first screw rod 39, and push rods 41 are symmetrically fixed to the top end of the lifting plate 40. The top ends of the symmetrically distributed push rods 41 slide through the top end of the frame 37 and are jointly fixed with a loading plate 42 for placing unsoldered circuit boards. The first screw rod 39 is driven to rotate by the servo motor 38, so that the lifting plate 40 threadedly sleeved on the first screw rod 39 moves upward. At the same time as the lifting plate 40 moves, the loading plate 42 is driven to move synchronously upward through the push rod 41 to drive the circuit board to a preset height.

[0042] The material receiving buffer mechanism includes a sleeve 43 and a limit spring 44, wherein the sleeve 43 is provided with two groups and is symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the inner bottom end of the unloading frame 6, the limit spring 44 is fixed to the inner bottom end of the sleeve 43, and a slide rod 45 is fixed to the top of the limit spring 44. The top of the slide rod 45 passes through the top of the sleeve 43 and extends to the outside of the sleeve 43. A group of unloading plates 46 are fixed to the top of the two groups of slide rods 45. A buffer rubber pad is fixed to the top of the unloading plate 46 for placing the soldered circuit boards.

[0043] The transverse movement adjustment mechanism includes a first motor 47, a second screw rod 48 and a threaded block 49, wherein the first motor 47 is provided with two groups and is respectively fixed to the left and right outer walls of the beam 7, the second screw rod 48 is rotatably connected to the inside of the beam 7 through a bearing, and the end of the second screw rod 48 close to the first motor 47 passes through the bearing to the outside of the beam 7 and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 47, the threaded block 49 is located on the inner side of the beam 7 and is threadedly sleeved on the second screw rod 48, the bottom end of the threaded block 49 slides through the bottom end of the beam 7 and is fixed to the top of the first hanger 8 by bolts, and a through groove adapted to the threaded block 49 is opened at the bottom end of the beam 7. The second screw rod 48 is driven to rotate by the first motor 47, so that the threaded block 49 threadedly sleeved on the second screw rod 48 drives the first hanger 8 to move laterally at the bottom end of the beam 7.

[0044] The clamping mechanism includes a second motor 50, a bidirectional screw rod 51 and a threaded plate 52, wherein the second motor 50 is fixed to the outer wall of the rear side of the clamping box 10 by bolts, the bidirectional screw rod 51 is rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping box 10 through a bearing and is driven to rotate by the second motor 50. The threaded plate 52 is provided with two groups, and the two groups of threaded plates 52 are respectively threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional screw rod 51 and the threaded connection directions are opposite. The top of the clamping block 11 slides through the inside of the clamping box 10 and is fixed to the bottom end of the threaded plate 52 by bolts. The bottom end of the clamping box 10 is provided with a through groove adapted to the clamping block 11, and the opposite sides of the two groups of clamping blocks 11 distributed relatively front and back are fixed with anti-slip rubber pads, which are made of conductive silicone rubber, and the surface is designed with 0.3mm deep staggered grooves, with a friction coefficient of ≥0.8, which plays an anti-slip role. The bidirectional screw rod 51 is driven to rotate by the second motor 50, so that the threaded plates 52 threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional screw rod 51 drive the clamping block 11 to move in opposite directions, thereby clamping or releasing the circuit board.

[0045] A support shaft 53 is fixed to the center position of the bottom end of the welding table 3 by bolts. The bottom end of the support shaft 53 passes through the interior of the processing table 1 through a bearing and is fixed to the output end of the stepper motor 2. Four groups of support balls 54 are symmetrically fixed to the bottom end of the welding table 3, and the bottom ends of the support balls 54 are in contact with the upper surface of the processing table 1. The stepper motor 2 drives the support shaft 53 at its output end to drive the welding table 3 to rotate. The support balls 54 can provide auxiliary support for the welding table 3 to prevent the output end of the stepper motor 2 from being subjected to excessive load. The support balls 54 of this embodiment are made of tungsten carbide and are coated with a titanium nitride wear-resistant layer on the surface. The load-bearing capacity of a single ball can reach 200kg. The output end of the stepper motor 2 of this embodiment is connected to the support shaft 53 through a harmonic reducer to achieve 0.9° subdivision step angle control, ensuring a rotational positioning accuracy of ±0.05°.

[0046] The first cylinder 9 is provided with a retractable first limiting telescopic rod 55 on both sides, and the first limiting telescopic rod 55 is fixed between the first hanging plate 8 and the clamping box 10 by bolts, which plays a limiting role on the clamping box 10, making it more stable during the lifting process. The second cylinder 16 is provided with a retractable second limiting telescopic rod 56 on both sides, and the second limiting telescopic rod 56 is fixed between the second hanging plate 15 and the support frame 17 by bolts, which plays a limiting role on the support frame 17, making it more stable during the lifting process.

[0047] When the semi-automatic soldering system for circuit boards is actually used, the circuit boards to be soldered are manually stacked on the inside of the loading rack 5. The feeding and lifting mechanism is first used to drive the circuit boards to be soldered to rise to an appropriate height (so that they can be clamped by the clamping block 11). Then, the left side transverse adjustment mechanism is used to drive the first hanging plate 8 on the left to move laterally to the top of the loading rack 5. Then, the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamping block 11 is driven to descend to the position of the topmost circuit board on the inside of the loading rack 5. Then, the clamping mechanism is used to drive the clamping block 11 to clamp the topmost circuit board and the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to rise and reset. Then, the left side transverse adjustment mechanism is used to drive the first hanging plate 8 on the left to move laterally. To the top of the circuit board adsorption slot 4 on the far left of the welding table 3, and then start the first cylinder 9 to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamped circuit board falls into the circuit board adsorption slot 4. At this time, the clamping of the circuit board is released, so that it falls into the circuit board adsorption slot 4, and the suction positioning mechanism is used to adsorb and fix the circuit board to be welded at the bottom end of the circuit board adsorption slot 4. Finally, start the stepper motor 2 to drive the welding table 3 to rotate ninety degrees clockwise, so that the adsorbed and fixed circuit board is transferred to the bottom of the welding head 18, and repeat the above loading steps at the same time, and continue to adsorb and fix the circuit board to be welded in the circuit board adsorption slot 4 on the far left of the welding table 3, that is, complete the automatic loading of the circuit board to be welded;

[0048] When the circuit board to be adsorbed and fixed is transferred to the bottom of the welding head 18, the first linear motor 13 is used to drive the second linear motor 14 to move horizontally left and right, and the second linear motor 14 is used to drive the second hanging plate 15 to move longitudinally front and back until the welding head 18 at the bottom end of the support frame 17 is moved above the corresponding welding point on the circuit board, and then the second cylinder 16 is started to drive the support frame 17 to descend, so as to drive the welding head 18 to contact the welding point, and at the same time, the welding head 18 is started to weld the welding point, that is, the relevant welding work of the circuit board is completed. During the welding process, the temperature of the circuit board after welding is measured by the temperature measurement and control mechanism, and it is cooled to room temperature. At the same time, the smoke detection and purification mechanism is used to monitor the smoke generated during the welding process and to remove and purify it, so as to realize the relevant monitoring and emergency treatment of the welding process. During the entire welding process, the high-definition camera 19 is used to perform real-time video monitoring of the circuit board during the welding process. When an abnormality is found, the welding is stopped manually in time and the relevant welding parameters are adjusted accordingly.

[0049] After the circuit board under the welding head 18 is welded, continue to start the stepper motor 2 to drive the welding table 3 to rotate ninety degrees clockwise, so that the welded circuit board is transferred to the rightmost side and corresponds to the position of the unloading rack 6. At this time, the right side transverse adjustment mechanism is used to drive the first hanging plate 8 on the right side to move laterally to the top of the welded circuit board (that is, just above the circuit board adsorption groove 4 on the rightmost side of the welding table 3). Then start the first cylinder 9 to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until it drives the clamping block 11 to descend to the circuit board position (the clamping block 11 descends to the grooves on the front and rear sides of the circuit board adsorption groove 4). At this time, the adsorption and fixation of the circuit board are released, and The clamping mechanism drives the clamping block 11 to clamp the soldered and unfixed circuit board, and then the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to rise and reset, and the right side transverse adjustment mechanism is used to drive the first hanging plate 8 on the right side to move laterally to the top of the unloading rack 6, and then the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamping block 11 descends to the position of the unloading rack 6. At this time, the clamping of the circuit board is released, and it falls into the inner side of the unloading rack 6, and is received by the receiving buffer mechanism, that is, the automatic unloading of the circuit board after soldering is completed. Finally, the soldered circuit board is manually taken out from the unloading rack 6 and put into the subsequent processing steps;

[0050] Repeat the above steps to achieve continuous welding processing of the circuit board.

[0051] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A semi-automatic circuit board welding system, comprising a processing table (1), characterized in that: The top of the processing table (1) is rotatably connected to a welding table (3) driven to rotate by a stepper motor (2), the top of the welding table (3) is symmetrically provided with a circuit board adsorption groove (4), the inside of the welding table (3) is provided with an air suction positioning mechanism adapted to the circuit board adsorption groove (4), the two sides of the welding table (3) are respectively provided with a loading rack (5) and a discharge rack (6) slidably connected to the top of the processing table (1), the inner sides of the loading rack (5) and the discharge rack (6) are respectively provided with a feeding lifting mechanism and a material receiving buffer mechanism, a crossbeam (7) is provided above the welding table (3), the bottom of the crossbeam (7) is provided with a first hanging plate (8) driven to move by a transverse adjustment mechanism on both sides, the bottom of the first hanging plate (8) is connected to a clamping box (10) through a first cylinder (9), the bottom of the clamping box (10) is symmetrically provided with a clamping block (11) driven to move by a clamping mechanism, an L-shaped bracket (12) is fixed to the rear side of the top of the processing table (1), the The L-shaped bracket (12) is provided with a smoke detection and purification mechanism, a first linear motor (13) is fixed to the top inner side of the L-shaped bracket (12), a second linear motor (14) is fixed to the slider at the bottom end of the first linear motor (13), a second hanging plate (15) is fixed to the slider at the bottom end of the second linear motor (14), a support frame (17) is fixed to the bottom end of the second hanging plate (15) through a second cylinder (16), a welding head (18) is fixed to the bottom end of the support frame (17), a temperature measurement and control mechanism is provided on the support frame (17), a high-definition camera (19) is fixed to the front side of the bottom end of the support frame (17), the temperature measurement and control mechanism includes an infrared temperature sensor (35) symmetrically fixed to the bottom end of the support frame (17) and an air pump (36) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head (18), the air pump (36) is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor (35), and the air pump (36) is fixed to the support frame (17); The smoke detection and purification mechanism comprises a horizontal plate (20) symmetrically fixed to the inner side wall of the L-shaped bracket (12) and a smoke purification box (21) fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket (12), a smoke sensor (22) being fixed to the bottom end of the horizontal plate (20), and a smoke exhaust fan (23) electrically connected to the smoke sensor (22) being fixed to both side walls of the smoke purification box (21), and an input end of the smoke exhaust fan (23) being connected to an air suction hood (24) penetrating the top of the L-shaped bracket (12) through a pipeline; The clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional screw (51) rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping box (10) and driven to rotate by a second motor (50) and a threaded plate (52) threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional screw (51); the top end of the clamping block (11) slides through the inside of the clamping box (10) and is fixed to the bottom end of the threaded plate (52); and anti-slip rubber pads are fixed to opposite sides of the two groups of clamping blocks (11) distributed front and back.

2. A semi-automatic circuit board welding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition (25) is fixed to the top of the flue gas purification box (21), and a flue gas filter (26) is fixed to the bottom of the partition (25) inside the flue gas purification box (21). Exhaust fans (27) are fixed to the lower parts of both side walls of the flue gas purification box (21).

3. A semi-automatic circuit board welding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction positioning mechanism comprises a suction pump (28) fixed inside the welding table (3) and a cavity (29) opened below the circuit board adsorption groove (4); a suction hole (30) communicating with the cavity (29) is opened at the bottom inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove (4); the air inlets at the front, rear, left and right input ends of the suction pump (28) are all connected to suction pipes (31); an electronic control valve is fixed on the suction pipe (31); and an air flow pipe (32) is connected between the suction pipe (31) and the cavity (29).

4. A semi-automatic circuit board welding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric heating coil (33) is embedded and installed at the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove (4), and the upper surface of the electric heating coil (33) is on the same horizontal plane as the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove (4). A battery (34) electrically connected to the electric heating coil (33) is fixed inside the welding table (3), and grooves adapted to the clamping block (11) are provided on both the front and rear sides of the circuit board adsorption groove (4).

5. The semi-automatic circuit board welding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding and lifting mechanism comprises a frame (37) fixed to the bottom end of the inner side of the loading rack (5) and a first screw rod (39) rotatably connected to the inner side of the frame (37) and driven to rotate by a servo motor (38), a lifting plate (40) is threadedly sleeved on the first screw rod (39), a push rod (41) is symmetrically fixed to the top of the lifting plate (40), the top of the push rod (41) passes through the frame (37) and is fixed to the loading plate (42), and the tops of the front and rear side walls of the loading rack (5) are symmetrically provided with grooves adapted to the clamping block (11).

6. A semi-automatic circuit board welding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material receiving buffer mechanism comprises a sleeve (43) symmetrically fixed to the inner bottom end of the unloading frame (6) and a limit spring (44) fixed to the inner bottom end of the sleeve (43); a slide rod (45) is fixed to the top end of the limit spring (44); the top end of the slide rod (45) passes through the top end of the sleeve (43) and is fixed to a unloading plate (46); and a buffer rubber pad is fixed to the top end of the unloading plate (46).

7. A semi-automatic circuit board welding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse movement adjustment mechanism includes a second screw rod (48) rotatably connected to the interior of the cross beam (7) and driven to rotate by a first motor (47) and a threaded block (49) threadedly sleeved on the second screw rod (48), wherein the bottom end of the threaded block (49) slides through the bottom end of the cross beam (7) and is fixed to the top end of the first hanging plate (8).

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