Water-fertilizer efficient planting method for high-protein quinoa forage grass in sand-removed land

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forage grass in desandy land, and particularly relates to a water-fertilizer efficient planting method for high-protein quinoa forage grass in desandy land, which comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a soil conditioner on the desandy land 20-30 days before sowing, and then performing uniform rotary tillage, so that the conditioner is fully mixed with sandy soil to obtain pretreated desandy land; the soil conditioner comprises 25-35% of coco coir, 35-45% of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 15-25% of attapulgite and 5-15% of a water-retaining agent, seeds of the feed type quinoa variety with the plant height being larger than or equal to 1.8 m, the number of branches being larger than or equal to 8 and the grain crude protein being larger than or equal to 16% are screened and pretreated to obtain pretreated seeds, the pretreated seeds are sown into the pretreated sand-removed land, the water content of soil in the seedling stage is maintained to be 12%-15%, and the water content of the soil in the seedling stage is maintained to be 12%-15%; the water content of the soil is maintained at 15%-18% in the flowering stage, a first liquid fertilizer is sprayed in the squaring stage, a second liquid fertilizer is dripped in the filling stage, the spraying amount of the first liquid fertilizer is 3000-5000 ml / mu, the dripping amount of the second liquid fertilizer is 6000-8000 ml / mu, the biomass of the quinoa forage grass reaches 5-8 tons / mu, the crude protein content reaches 27.5%, and the water utilization rate is increased to 87.9%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of forage grass in sand-removing land, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently planting high-protein quinoa forage grass with water and fertilizer in sand-removing land. Background Art

[0002] The improvement and efficient utilization of degraded sandy land have always been an urgent problem to be solved. Degraded sandy land generally has a series of problems such as extremely low soil organic matter content (usually less than 0.5%), extremely poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and serious nutrient loss. These problems directly lead to the planting yield of traditional forage grass on sandy land being far lower than that on conventional arable land, usually less than 30% of the yield on conventional arable land.

[0003] Quinoa has become the preferred crop for planting in degraded sandy land due to its outstanding salt and alkali tolerance and drought resistance (it can grow under the conditions of soil salt content of 0.3%-0.5% and annual precipitation of 200-300 mm). Under the policy background of the country's vigorous development of animal husbandry, the demand for high-protein forage grass is increasing day by day.

[0004] However, under the existing technical conditions, there are obvious deficiencies in the quinoa forage grass planted in degraded sandy land, mainly manifested as low yield levels and poor nutritional quality. Specifically, the per-acre yield of the whole plant of quinoa forage grass is 1-3 tons, and the crude protein content is 12%-14%. It cannot meet the quality and quantity requirements of high-quality forage grass for animal husbandry such as milk. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for efficiently planting high-protein quinoa forage grass with water and fertilizer in sand-removing land to solve the technical problems of low biomass and low crude protein content of quinoa forage grass planted in sand-removing land in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following scheme:

[0007] A method for efficiently planting high-protein quinoa forage grass with water and fertilizer in sand-removing land, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S10. Select a sand-removing land and a soil conditioner for standby. The soil conditioner includes 25%-35% coconut coir, 35%-45% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 15%-25% attapulgite clay, and 5%-15% water-retaining agent. The particle size of the coconut coir is 2-5 mm, the organic matter content of the decomposed cattle and sheep manure is ≥45%, and the CEC of the attapulgite clay is ≥100 cmol / kg;

[0009] S20. 20 to 30 days before sowing, evenly spread the soil conditioner on the sand-removing land, and then rototill evenly to make the conditioner fully mixed with the sandy soil to obtain a pretreated sand-removing land. The application amount of the soil conditioner is 3-5 tons per mu, and the rototilling depth is 20-30 cm;

[0010] S30. Screen the seeds of forage-type quinoa varieties with plant height ≥ 1.8 m, number of branches ≥ 8, and crude protein content of grains ≥ 16%, and pre-treat them to obtain pre-treated seeds, and sow the pre-treated seeds into the pre-treated sand-removed land;

[0011] S40. Conduct water and fertilizer management during the growth period. Among them, the soil moisture content during the seedling stage is maintained at 12% to 15%, the soil moisture content during the flowering stage is maintained at 15% to 18%, the first liquid fertilizer is sprayed during the budding stage, and the second liquid fertilizer is drip-fed during the filling stage. The spraying amount of the first liquid fertilizer is 3000 - 5000 ml / mu, and the drip-feeding amount of the second liquid fertilizer is 6000 - 8000 ml / mu.

[0012] Preferably, in the step S10, the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate.

[0013] Preferably, the soil conditioner includes 30% coconut coir, 40% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 20% attapulgite clay, and 10% starch grafted acrylate.

[0014] Preferably, in the step S20, when "uniformly spreading the soil conditioner on the sand-removed land", it also includes spreading basal fertilizer on the sand-removed land and then plowing and mixing evenly. The application amount of the basal fertilizer is 45 - 50 kg / mu, and the basal fertilizer is compound fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, in the step S30, the "pre-treatment of seeds" includes the steps: soaking the seeds in a composite solution of 0.1% - 0.3% sodium alginate and 50 - 150 mg / L gibberellin for 5 - 6 h. One liter of the composite solution can soak 1 kg of seeds, and the germination rate is increased to more than 95%.

[0016] Preferably, in the step S40, pressure-compensated drip irrigation tapes are used for drip irrigation. The spacing between adjacent two drip irrigation tapes is 40 - 50 cm, and the drip head flow rate is 1.1 - 1.3 L / h.

[0017] Preferably, in the step S40, the first liquid fertilizer includes 0.3% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% borax solution.

[0018] Preferably, in the step S40, the second liquid fertilizer includes urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The application amount of urea is 5 kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3 kg / mu.

[0019] Preferably, it further includes the following steps:

[0020] S51. First cutting: Sprinkler irrigation is carried out one day before the first cutting to provide sufficient water. When the plant height is 1.3 - 1.5 m during the flowering stage, leave a stubble of 28 - 32 cm and conduct horizontal cutting at night, and retain 3 - 4 lateral buds;

[0021] S52. Regenerative topdressing: Within 3 days after the first cutting, drip-irrigate and apply humic acid solution diluted 500 times and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to promote secondary growth. The application rate of the humic acid solution is 6000 - 8000 ml / mu, and the application rate of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 3 kg / mu;

[0022] S53. Conduct the second cutting 35 - 45 days after the first cutting. Do not carry out sprinkler irrigation 3 days before the second cutting. When the regenerated plant height reaches 1.0 - 1.2 m, leave a stubble of 35 - 38 cm and conduct inclined harvesting during the day, retaining 6 - 7 lateral buds;

[0023] S54. Apply gibberellin within 3 days after the second cutting to break the dormancy of tillering buds, accelerate the cell division and expansion of leaves, and at the same time inhibit the excessive elongation of the stem;

[0024] S55. After the second cutting, when the quinoa forage grows to the maximum above-ground biomass, harvest the part above 50 cm from the ground, crush the part below 50 cm from the ground in situ and turn it over and bury it in the field, combined with the previously applied soil conditioner to increase soil fertility.

[0025] In the above high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand-reclaimed land, 20 to 30 days before sowing, evenly spread the soil conditioner on the sand-reclaimed land, and then rotary tillage evenly to make the conditioner fully mixed with the sandy soil to obtain the pretreated sand-reclaimed land. Each component in the conditioner provided by the present invention can effectively improve the soil quality of the sand-reclaimed land, increase soil fertility, and enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity through optimal combination. Then, select seeds of a forage-type quinoa variety with a plant height ≥1.8 m, a number of branches ≥8, and a crude protein content of grains ≥16% to ensure its high yield and nutritional value, laying a foundation for the high yield and quality of quinoa forage, and conduct pretreatment on it to obtain pretreated seeds to enhance the seed vigor, enabling it to germinate quickly and emerge neatly after sowing, and improving the emergence rate. Then sow the pretreated seeds into the pretreated sand-reclaimed land. Next, according to the water and nutrient requirements of quinoa forage at different growth stages, conduct precise water and fertilizer management to meet the needs of plant growth and development, and promote the high yield and quality of quinoa forage. That is, the soil water content during the seedling stage is maintained at 12% - 15%, and the soil water content during the flowering stage is maintained at 15% - 18%, which can ensure the normal metabolism and growth and development of the plants. Spraying the first liquid fertilizer during the budding stage and drip-applying the second liquid fertilizer during the filling stage can timely provide the nutrients required by the plants, promote flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting, and grain filling, and improve the yield and quality of quinoa forage. Through the method provided by the present invention, the soil quality of the sand-reclaimed land can be effectively improved, providing good conditions for the growth of quinoa forage, enabling the biomass of quinoa forage to reach 5 - 8 tons / mu, the crude protein content to reach 27.5%, and the water use efficiency to be increased to 87.9%, with high economic benefits. Detailed implementation mode

[0026] To facilitate the understanding of this application, a more comprehensive description of this application will be provided below. And preferred embodiments of this application are given. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of this application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, a method for highly efficient planting of water and fertilizer for forage high-protein quinoa in sand-removing land includes the following steps:

[0029] S10. Select sand-removing land and a soil conditioner for standby. The soil conditioner includes 25-35% coconut coir, 35-45% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 15-25% attapulgite clay, and 5-15% water-retaining agent. The particle size of the coconut coir is 2-5 mm, the organic matter content of the decomposed cattle and sheep manure is ≥45%, and the CEC of the attapulgite clay is ≥100 cmol / kg;

[0030] S20. 20 to 30 days before sowing, evenly spread the soil conditioner on the sand-removing land, and then rotary tillage evenly to fully mix the conditioner with the sandy soil to obtain a pretreated sand-removing land. The application amount of the soil conditioner is 3-5 tons per mu, and the rotary tillage depth is 20-30 cm;

[0031] S30. Screen seeds of a forage quinoa variety with a plant height ≥1.8 m, a number of branches ≥8, and a crude protein content of grains ≥16%, and perform pretreatment on them to obtain pretreated seeds, and sow the pretreated seeds into the pretreated sand-removing land;

[0032] S40. Perform water and fertilizer management during the growth period. Among them, the soil moisture content during the seedling stage is maintained at 12% to 15%, the soil moisture content during the flowering stage is maintained at 15% to 18%, a first liquid fertilizer is sprayed during the budding stage, and a second liquid fertilizer is drip-fed during the filling stage. The spraying amount of the first liquid fertilizer is 3000-5000 ml per mu, and the drip-feeding amount of the second liquid fertilizer is 6000-8000 ml per mu.

[0033] The sand-removed land usually has low soil fertility and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. Selecting a suitable sand-removed land and preparing a special soil conditioner aims to improve the soil structure of the sand-removed land, enhance soil fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and create good soil conditions for the growth of quinoa forage. In this embodiment, coconut coir with a particle size of 2-5 mm has good air permeability and water retention capacity, can increase the porosity of the soil, and improve the ventilation condition of the soil; decomposed cattle and sheep manure is rich in organic matter and various nutrients, providing rich nutrients for the soil; attapulgite has a large specific surface area and adsorption capacity, can adsorb and fix nutrients in the soil, and reduce nutrient loss; the water retainer can improve the water retention capacity of the soil and reduce water evaporation. The optimal combination of these components can effectively improve the soil quality of the sand-removed land. 20 to 30 days before sowing, the prepared soil conditioner is evenly spread on the sand-removed land, and then a rotary tiller is used for rotary tillage to fully mix the conditioner with the sandy soil, which can give full play to the role of the soil conditioner and obtain a pre-treated sand-removed land. The soil structure of the pre-treated sand-removed land is improved, soil fertility is enhanced, and water and fertilizer retention capacity is increased, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of quinoa forage and promotes the absorption of nutrients and water by the plants; in this embodiment, seeds of a forage-type quinoa variety with a plant height ≥ 1.8 m, a number of branches ≥ 8, and a crude protein content of grains ≥ 16% are selected to ensure its high yield and nutritional value, laying a foundation for the high yield and quality of quinoa forage, and the seeds are pre-treated. The pre-treated seeds can enhance the vitality of the seeds, enabling them to germinate quickly and emerge neatly after sowing, and improving the emergence rate; next, according to the demand characteristics of quinoa forage for water and nutrients at different growth stages, precise water and fertilizer management is carried out to meet the needs of plant growth and development and promote the high yield and quality of quinoa forage. In this embodiment, the appropriate soil moisture content is maintained at different growth stages, that is, the soil moisture content is maintained at 12% to 15% during the seedling stage, and at 15% to 18% during the flowering stage, which can ensure the normal metabolism and growth and development of the plants. The first liquid fertilizer is sprayed during the budding stage and the second liquid fertilizer is drip-fed during the filling stage, which can timely provide the nutrients required by the plants, promote flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting, and grain filling, improve the yield and quality of quinoa forage, make the biomass of quinoa forage reach 5-8 tons per mu, the crude protein content reach 27.5%, and the water use efficiency be increased to 87.9%, having higher economic benefits.

[0034] In view of the poor water retention performance of the sand-removed land, in a specific embodiment, in the step S10, the water-retaining agent is starch-grafted acrylate, which enables soil moisture to be more evenly distributed within the root activity layer, meeting the water requirements of quinoa forage at different growth stages. Especially during drought periods, it can provide a continuous and stable water supply to the plants, alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on plant growth. After starch-grafted acrylate absorbs water and swells, it can increase the soil porosity, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, make the soil structure more loose, which is conducive to the growth and expansion of the roots of quinoa forage, and promotes the absorption of nutrients and water in the soil by the roots, thus helping to increase its biomass and water use efficiency.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the soil conditioner comprises 30% coconut coir, 40% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 20% attapulgite clay and 10% starch-grafted acrylate. It is proved by the following test examples that the soil conditioner formed by combining coconut coir, decomposed cattle and sheep manure, attapulgite clay and starch-grafted acrylate in a specific proportion in this embodiment can cooperate and complement each other, comprehensively improve the sand-removed land in terms of soil structure, nutrient supply, water utilization, etc., making the biomass of quinoa forage reach 5 - 8 tons per mu, the crude protein content reach 27.5%, and the water use efficiency increase to 87.9%.

[0036] Specifically, in the step S20, when "evenly spreading the soil conditioner on the sand-removed land", it also includes spreading a base fertilizer on the sand-removed land and then ploughing it evenly. The application rate of the base fertilizer is 45 - 50 kg per mu, and the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer (N - P2O5 - K2O = 18 - 18 - 18 + organic matter 20%). Spreading the compound fertilizer base fertilizer on the basis of the original soil conditioner can greatly increase the content of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and various medium and trace elements in the soil, comprehensively improving the soil fertility and providing a more sufficient nutrient basis for the growth of quinoa forage. Sufficient nutrient supply makes the quinoa forage plants grow strong, with thickened cell walls and developed roots, thus enhancing the plant's resistance to adverse environments such as drought, low temperature, pests and diseases, and reducing the impact of adversity on plant growth and yield. After the base fertilizer and the soil conditioner are fully mixed and ploughed, it can not only improve the physical structure of the soil, but also optimize the chemical properties of the soil, improving various aspects such as the soil pH, air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, creating a more suitable soil environment for the growth of quinoa forage.

[0037] Specifically, in the step S30, the "pretreatment of seeds" includes the steps of: soaking the seeds in a composite solution of 0.1%-0.3% sodium alginate and 50-150 mg / L gibberellin for 5-6 hours. Each liter of the composite solution can soak 1 kilogram of seeds, and the germination rate is increased to more than 95%. Sodium alginate forms a protective film on the seed surface, which can reduce the mechanical damage and pest and disease attacks suffered by the seeds during germination, creating a relatively stable microenvironment for the seeds. Gibberellin can break the dormancy state of quinoa forage seeds, promote the physiological and biochemical reactions inside the seeds, and enable the seeds to germinate in advance. Therefore, sodium alginate and gibberellin cooperate with each other in the composite solution and play a role together. Sodium alginate provides a stable carrier for gibberellin, enabling gibberellin to better contact the seeds and play a role; at the same time, the physiological activity of gibberellin also promotes the attachment of sodium alginate on the seed surface and the exertion of the protective effect. By soaking the quinoa forage seeds with a composite solution of a specific concentration of sodium alginate and gibberellin, the germination rate of the quinoa forage seeds can be increased to more than 95%, greatly increasing the emergence number, laying a foundation for obtaining a higher yield of quinoa forage in the follow-up.

[0038] Among them, in the step S40, a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape is used for drip irrigation. The distance between adjacent two drip irrigation tapes is 40-50 cm, and the drip head flow rate is 1.1-1.3 L / h. The pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape can automatically adjust the drip head flow rate according to the system pressure, ensuring that the water output of each drip head is uniform and stable during pressure fluctuations, realizing precise irrigation. The setting of the distance between adjacent two drip irrigation tapes being 40-50 cm, combined with the drip head flow rate of 1.1-1.3 L / h, can form a wet cone in the soil, and its wetting range just covers the root activity layer of the quinoa forage, meeting the water demand of the plant growth, while avoiding excessive waste of water.

[0039] Specifically, in the step S40, the first liquid fertilizer includes 0.3% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% borax solution. The specific concentrations of amino acid chelated iron and borax solution in the first liquid fertilizer can accurately supplement the two key trace elements of iron and boron for the quinoa forage on the sandy land, meeting the demand of the plant for trace elements at different growth stages and avoiding growth abnormalities caused by the lack of trace elements. Amino acid chelated iron and borax solution cooperate with each other in the first liquid fertilizer and jointly promote the growth and development of the quinoa forage. Iron element and boron element are interrelated in the plant body and jointly participate in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. Their coordinated supplementation can make the plant nutrition more balanced and the growth more robust, providing a strong guarantee for the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the quinoa forage.

[0040] Specifically, in the step S40, the second liquid fertilizer includes urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The application rate of urea is 5 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3 kg / mu. Urea in the second liquid fertilizer provides nitrogen element, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides phosphorus and potassium elements. Applying according to a specific application rate can quickly and accurately supplement macronutrient nutrients for quinoa forage in the sand-removed land, meet the large demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the plants during the critical growth period, and promote the rapid growth and development of the plants.

[0041] Further, the following steps are also included:

[0042] S51. First cutting: Sprinkler irrigation is carried out one day before the first cutting to provide sufficient water. When the plant height at the flowering stage is 1.3 - 1.5 m, leave a stubble of 28 - 32 cm and carry out horizontal cutting at night, retaining 3 - 4 lateral buds;

[0043] S52. Regeneration topdressing: Within 3 days after the first cutting, drip-irrigate and apply humic acid solution diluted 500 times and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to promote secondary growth. The application rate of the humic acid solution is 6000 - 8000 ml / mu, and the application rate of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 3 kg / mu;

[0044] S53. The second cutting is carried out 35 - 45 d after the first cutting. Sprinkler irrigation is not carried out 3 days before the second cutting. When the regenerated plant height is 1.0 - 1.2 m, leave a stubble of 35 - 38 cm and carry out inclined cutting during the day, retaining 6 - 7 lateral buds;

[0045] S54. Gibberellin is applied within 3 days after the second cutting to break the dormancy of tillering buds, accelerate the cell division and expansion of leaves, and at the same time inhibit the excessive elongation of the stem;

[0046] S55. After the second cutting, when the quinoa forage grows to the maximum above-ground biomass, the part above 50 cm from the ground is harvested, and the part below 50 cm from the ground is pulverized in place and turned over and buried in the field, combined with the previously applied soil conditioner to increase soil fertility.

[0047] The soil conditioner provided in the present invention can provide a more sufficient nutrient basis for the growth of quinoa forage throughout the whole process. The sufficient nutrient supply enables the quinoa forage plants to grow vigorously, with thickened cell walls and developed roots. The developed roots can establish a good foundation for the rapid restoration of effective growth after subsequent mowing. The first cutting is carried out when the plant height is 1.3 - 1.5 m during the flowering period. Sprinkler irrigation increases the water content in the stems, reduces the cutting resistance, and reduces the area of mechanical damage, promoting its rapid recovery after the first cutting. At night, the plant stomata close, and the transpiration rate drops by 70% - 80%, reducing the water loss from the wound after mowing and avoiding cell dehydration and death. Moreover, it avoids the stem elongation signal induced by photosensitive hormones (such as phytochrome), preventing the overgrowth of the regenerated initial stage and resulting in weak and slender stems, laying a foundation for the second cutting. The combined application of humic acid solution and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer can give full play to their respective advantages and achieve complementary advantages. The role of humic acid solution in improving the soil environment and promoting nutrient absorption provides favorable conditions for the efficient utilization of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer; while the rapid nitrogen supply of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer can further promote the positive impact of humic acid solution on plant growth, jointly promoting the secondary growth, high yield and good quality of quinoa forage, and further increasing its biomass. Stop sprinkler irrigation 3 days before the second cutting, making the plants in a slightly water-deficient state, inhibiting the expansion growth of stem cells, and at the same time inducing the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), promoting the distribution of nutrients to lateral buds, reducing the stem thickness, and advancing the germination time of lateral buds; during daytime harvesting, the high light intensity can be used to promote the formation of callus at the wound, reducing the risk of pathogen infection. Inclined cutting (instead of flat cutting) can increase the exposed area of the stem cut, enhance the ethylene release amount, further inhibit the growth of the main stem and activate the lateral buds, improving the growth rate of lateral buds. Then, gibberellin is supplemented in time to break the dormancy of tillering buds, accelerate the cell division and expansion of leaves, and at the same time inhibit the excessive elongation of the stem; after the second cutting, when the quinoa forage grows to the maximum above-ground biomass, the part above 50 cm from the ground is harvested, and the part below 50 cm from the ground is pulverized in place and turned over and buried in the field, combined with the previously applied soil conditioner to increase soil fertility.

[0048] In summary, this step can not only increase the biomass and crude protein content of quinoa forage, but also inhibit the growth of the stem and promote the growth of leaves, thereby improving the palatability of quinoa forage.

[0049] The following are specific experimental examples to further illustrate the technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the following experimental examples are only for further explaining the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0050] 1. Experimental Materials and Methods

[0051] 1.1 Experimental Materials

[0052] Quinoa variety: Ningli No. 1

[0053] Amendment formula: 30% coconut coir (particle size 2 - 5 mm), 40% well-rotted cattle and sheep manure (organic matter ≥ 45%), 20% attapulgite (CEC ≥ 100 cmol / kg), and 10% water-retaining agent (starch grafted acrylate)

[0054] Base fertilizer: N - P2O5 - K2O = 18 - 18 - 18 + 20% organic matter

[0055] First liquid fertilizer: 0.3% amino acid chelated iron + 0.2% borax solution

[0056] First liquid fertilizer: urea + potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0057] 1.2 Test methods

[0058] The test was conducted from March 2022 to November 2023. The test site was located in the degraded sandy land of Shapotou District, Zhongwei City, Ningxia. Shapotou District, Zhongwei City is located in the central and western part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Its geographical coordinates are 104°17′ - 105°37′ east longitude and 36°59′ - 37°43′ north latitude. The annual average precipitation is about 180 - 220 mm, concentrated in July - September, and the evaporation is as high as over 2000 mm; the annual average temperature is 8.8°C, the highest temperature in summer can reach 37°C, the lowest temperature in winter is - 25°C, and the daily temperature difference often reaches over 15°C. The soil organic matter is 0.3% and the pH is 8.2. The area is 300 mu. The test was divided into 6 treatment groups, namely Test Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Blank Example, and Test Example 2 (for convenience of description, they are all represented by letters in the following treatment groups). The area of each planting land is 5 mu. After the planting, the quinoa biomass, crude protein content, cost, and water use efficiency of the 6 treatment groups were respectively counted.

[0059] 2. Test Example 1

[0060] First, 20 days before sowing, apply the soil amendment to Planting Land A and plow it to a depth of 25 cm to obtain a pre-treated degraded sandy land. The application rate of the soil amendment is 4 tons per mu;

[0061] Then, select Ningli No. 1 seeds with plant height ≥ 1.8 m, number of branches ≥ 8, and crude protein in grains ≥ 16%, and soak them in a composite solution of 0.2% sodium alginate and 50 mg / L gibberellin for 5 h to obtain pre-treated seeds. Plant the pre-treated seeds in the pre-treated degraded sandy land to ensure that the germination rate can reach over 95%;

[0062] Finally, during the growth period, water and fertilizer management is carried out. Among them, during the seedling stage, pressure-compensated drip irrigation tapes are used for drip irrigation. The distance between two adjacent drip irrigation tapes is 45 cm, and the drip head flow rate is 1.2 L / h, so that the soil moisture content is maintained at 12% to 15%, and the soil moisture content during the flowering period is maintained at 15% to 18%. During the budding stage, the first liquid fertilizer of 4000 ml / mu is sprayed, and during the filling stage, the second liquid fertilizer of 7000 ml / mu is drip-applied.

[0063] After the end of the entire growth cycle, the biomass, crude protein content, cost and water use efficiency of the quinoa forage in planting area A are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] 3. Comparative Example 1

[0065] The difference between this Comparative Example 1 and the above Experimental Example 1 is that: the sand-returning land is not pretreated with the soil conditioner, and the pretreated seeds are directly planted in planting area B, and other steps are the same as those in the above Experimental Example 1;

[0066] After the end of the entire growth cycle, the biomass, crude protein content, cost and water use efficiency of the quinoa forage in planting area B are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] 4. Comparative Example 2

[0068] The difference between this Comparative Example 2 and the above Experimental Example 1 is that: seeds of Ningli No. 1 with a plant height ≥ 1.8 m, a number of branches ≥ 8, and a crude protein content of grains ≥ 16% are not screened, and the seeds are not pretreated, and the seeds of Ningli No. 1 are directly planted in planting area C, and other steps are the same as those in the above Experimental Example 1;

[0069] After the end of the entire growth cycle, the biomass, crude protein content, cost and water use efficiency of the quinoa forage in planting area C are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] 5. Comparative Example 3

[0071] The difference between this Comparative Example 3 and the above Experimental Example 1 is that: during the growth period, conventional technical means are used for water and fertilizer management, that is, irrigation is carried out throughout the growth period, and one kind of fertilizer is applied throughout, and other steps are the same as those in the above Experimental Example 1;

[0072] After the end of the entire growth cycle, the biomass and protein content of the quinoa forage in planting area D are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0073] 6. Blank Example

[0074] Quinoa No. 1 is planted in planting area E using a method for planting Medicago sativa in sandy land proposed in a Chinese invention patent with the patent number CN114586528A;

[0075] At the end of the entire growth cycle, the biomass, crude protein content, cost, and water use efficiency of the quinoa forage in planting area E were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0076] Table 1 Statistical data table of Test Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-3, and Blank Example

[0077] Project Biomass Crude protein content Cost Water use efficiency Test Example 1 5 - 8 tons per mu 27.5％ 800-1200 87.9％ Comparative Example 1 2 - 3 tons per mu 14.7％ 800-1000 66.4％ Comparative Example 2 3 - 4 tons per mu 16.0 800-1100 70.2％ Comparative Example 3 3 - 5 tons per mu 12.8 800-1200 76.5％ Blank Example 3 - 5 tons per mu 22 900-1500 79.3％

[0078] The data in Table 1 above show that the quinoa forage planted by the method provided in Test Example 1 has the highest biomass, which can reach 5-8 tons per mu. Its crude protein content is higher than that after using imported soil, and the cost is lower. Moreover, the water use efficiency is also higher than 85%. Compared with traditional sand-removing land, the method provided in Test Example 1 can plant high-quality quinoa forage, improve the utilization rate of sand-removing land, and has certain economic benefits. In addition, by comparing the data in Test Example 1 with those in Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that using the soil improver provided by the present invention alone, the seed selection method alone, or the water and fertilizer management method alone cannot greatly improve the biomass, crude protein content, and water use efficiency of the quinoa forage planted in the sand-removing land.

[0079] 7. Test Example 2

[0080] The difference between this Test Example 2 and the above Test Example 1 is as follows: Sprinkler irrigation was carried out one day before the first cutting to provide sufficient water. When the plant height at the flowering stage was 1.3-1.5 m, a stubble of 28-32 cm was left and horizontal cutting was carried out at night, retaining 3-4 lateral buds; within 3 days after the first cutting, a diluted humic acid solution and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer diluted 500 times were drip-irrigated to promote secondary growth, and the application amount of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer was 3 kg per mu; the second cutting was carried out 35-45 days after the first cutting. No sprinkler irrigation was carried out 3 days before the second cutting. When the regenerated plant height was 1.0-1.2 m, a stubble of 35-38 cm was left and inclined cutting was carried out during the day, retaining 6-7 lateral buds; gibberellin was applied within 3 days after the second cutting to break the dormancy of tillering buds, accelerate the cell division and expansion of leaves, and at the same time inhibit the excessive elongation of the stem. After the second cutting, when the quinoa forage grew to the maximum above-ground biomass, the part more than 50 cm above the ground was harvested, and the part less than 50 cm above the ground was ground in place and turned over and buried in the field.

[0081] At the end of the entire growth cycle, the biomass, crude protein content, cost, and water use efficiency of the quinoa forage in planting area F were statistically analyzed and compared with the data in Example 1 and the Blank Example above. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2 Comparison table of data of Test Example 2, Test Example 1, and Blank Example

[0083] Project Biomass Crude protein content Cost Water use efficiency Test Example 2 7 - 9 tons per mu 26.8％ 800-1300 86.5％ Test Example 1 5 - 8 tons per mu 27.5％ 800-1200 87.9％ Blank Example 3 - 5 tons per mu 22 900-1500 79.3％

[0084] It can be reflected from the data in Table 2 above that, on the basis of Experimental Example 1, Experimental Example 2 adds steps, that is, the first cutting and second cutting steps provided in the present invention can further increase its biomass to reach 7-9 tons per mu, and can ensure its crude protein content. Moreover, due to the inhibition of neck growth and the promotion of lateral bud growth, the palatability of quinoa forage can be improved.

[0085] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand-removing land, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S10. Select a sand-removing land and a soil conditioner for standby. The soil conditioner includes 25-35% coconut coir, 35-45% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 15-25% attapulgite clay, and 5-15% water-retaining agent. The particle size of the coconut coir is 2-5 mm, the organic matter content of the decomposed cattle and sheep manure is ≥45%, and the CEC of the attapulgite clay is ≥100 cmol / kg. S20. 20 to 30 days before sowing, evenly spread the soil conditioner on the sand-removing land, and then rototill evenly to fully mix the conditioner with the sandy soil to obtain a pretreated sand-removing land. The application rate of the soil conditioner is 3-5 tons per mu, and the rototilling depth is 20-30 cm. S30. Screen seeds of a forage-type quinoa variety with a plant height ≥1.8 m, a number of branches ≥8, and a crude protein content of grains ≥16%, and perform pretreatment on them to obtain pretreated seeds, and sow the pretreated seeds into the pretreated sand-removing land. S40. Perform water and fertilizer management during the growth period. Among them, the soil moisture content during the seedling stage is maintained at 12% to 15%, the soil moisture content during the flowering stage is maintained at 15% to 18%, spray the first liquid fertilizer during the budding stage, and drip the second liquid fertilizer during the filling stage. The spraying amount of the first liquid fertilizer is 3000-5000 ml per mu, and the dripping amount of the second liquid fertilizer is 6000-8000 ml per mu.

2. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand-removing land according to claim 1, wherein In the S10 step, the water-retaining agent is starch-grafted acrylate.

3. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand removal land according to claim 2, characterized in that The soil conditioner includes 30% coconut coir, 40% decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 20% attapulgite clay, and 10% starch-grafted acrylate.

4. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand-removing land according to claim 1, characterized in that In the S20 step, when "evenly spread the soil conditioner on the sand-removing land", it also includes spreading a base fertilizer on the sand-removing land and then plowing evenly. The application rate of the base fertilizer is 45-50 kg per mu, and the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer.

5. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand removal land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S30 step, the "pretreatment of seeds" includes the steps of: soaking the seeds in a composite solution of 0.1%-0.3% sodium alginate and 50-150 mg / L gibberellin for 5-6 h. Each liter of the composite solution can soak 1 kg of seeds, and the germination rate is increased to more than 95%.

6. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method on sand-removing land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S40 step, a pressure-compensated drip irrigation tape is used for drip irrigation. The distance between adjacent two drip irrigation tapes is 40-50 cm, and the drip head flow rate is 1.1-1.3 L / h.

7. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand removal land according to claim 1, characterized in that In the S40 step, the first liquid fertilizer includes 0.3% amino acid chelated iron and 0.2% borax solution.

8. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method on sand-removing land according to claim 7, characterized in that In the S40 step, the second liquid fertilizer includes urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The application amount of urea is 5 kg per mu, and the application amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3 kg per mu.

9. The high-protein quinoa forage water and fertilizer efficient planting method for sand removal land according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S51. First cutting: Perform sprinkler irrigation one day before the first cutting to provide sufficient water. When the plant height is 1.3-1.5 m during the flowering stage, leave a stubble of 28-32 cm and perform horizontal cutting at night, retaining 3-4 lateral buds. S52. Regeneration topdressing: Within 3 days after the first cutting, drip-irrigate and apply a humic acid solution diluted 500 times and a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer to promote secondary growth. The application amount of the humic acid solution is 6000-8000 ml per mu, and the application amount of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is 3 kg per mu. The second cutting is carried out 35 - 45 days after the first cutting. No sprinkler irrigation is carried out 3 days before the second cutting. When the regrowth plant height reaches 1.0 - 1.2 m, a stubble of 35 - 38 cm is left and the cutting is carried out obliquely during the day, retaining 6 - 7 lateral buds; Gibberellin is applied within 3 days after the second cutting to break the dormancy of tillering buds, accelerate the cell division and expansion of leaves, and at the same time inhibit the excessive elongation of the stem; After the second cutting, when the quinoa forage grows to the maximum aboveground biomass, the part above 50 cm from the ground is harvested, and the part below 50 cm from the ground is crushed in place and turned over into the field for returning to the field, combined with the soil conditioner applied in the early stage to increase soil fertility.