Automobile dual-mode door assembling method, automobile body and automobile

Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile dual-mode door assembly method, an automobile body and an automobile, and belongs to the technical field of automobile door assembly. The method comprises the steps that the fender is dismantled, and the combination face of a vehicle body and the fender is cleaned; the hinge mechanism is installed on the pre-assembled vehicle door assembly, and the vehicle door assembly is hung to the vehicle body side wall through the harness, so that the vehicle door assembly, the hinge mechanism and the vehicle body side wall are in a pre-matched state and are assembled; the deviation position between the vehicle door assembly and the peripheral component is determined, and the clearance surface difference is adjusted; a pneumatic supporting rod and a balancing rod are assembled; and the fender is installed on the flexible clamp, and the fender is moved to the automobile body through the flexible clamp and assembled. One-time assembly of the dual-mode door on a main assembly line can be achieved, efficiency is improved, precision loss caused by secondary assembly is eliminated, and the size qualification rate is improved; the problems that an existing dual-mode door needs secondary assembling, and the assembling efficiency and the assembling quality need to be improved are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of door assembly, and particularly to an assembly method for a dual-mode door of an automobile, a vehicle body and an automobile. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein only provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The dual-mode door of an automobile refers to a hybrid scissor door, which is an innovative type in the scissor door design and has the dual functions of both the traditional door opening outwards and the scissor door opening vertically. The hinge system of the hybrid scissor door needs to support two movement trajectories and usually adopts a multi-axis linkage design to ensure the stability and safety during the switching between the two modes.

[0004] Since the dual-mode door is currently only applied to a small number of vehicle models, and the existing main assembly line of the whole vehicle is centered on a standardized process with high efficiency and low failure rate; therefore, in order to meet the requirements of the dual-mode opening of the dual-mode door, the mainstream dual-mode door assembly process in the industry generally adopts the "secondary assembly" mode: First, install the traditional side-opening door on the main assembly line of the whole vehicle. After the whole vehicle assembly is completed, it is then transported to a dedicated refitting workshop for disassembly and refitting of the scissor door.

[0005] However, this traditional process has the following obvious defects:

[0006] 1. The door needs to be disassembled and assembled twice (first install the side-opening door and then modify it to a scissor door), resulting in serious waste of working hours; the secondary assembly destroys the initial positioning reference, and the dimensional chain accuracy is lost by 0.3 - 0.5 mm. The repeated disassembly and assembly of the hinge cause wear of the bolt holes and an increased risk of loosening; the process flow is fragmented, and the whole vehicle needs to be repeatedly positioned and disassembled and assembled, resulting in low efficiency.

[0007] 2. It is necessary to build an additional dedicated refitting production line, resulting in a reduced utilization rate of the factory building area, repeated configuration of special tooling fixtures, an increase in equipment investment costs, an increase in the frequency of logistics transfer, and an extension of the production beat; moreover, the utilization rate of the dedicated refitting production line is insufficient, the equipment is seriously idle, an additional quality inspection station is required, and the labor cost increases; the logistics transfer causes an increase in the rate of bumping and scratching. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an assembly method for a dual-mode door of an automobile, a vehicle body and an automobile, so as to realize the one-time assembly of the dual-mode door on the main assembly line of the whole vehicle and improve the efficiency and dimensional qualification rate.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an assembly method for a dual-mode door of an automobile;

[0011] An assembly method for a dual-mode door of an automobile, comprising:

[0012] Remove the fender and clean the joint surface between the vehicle body and the fender;

[0013] Install the hinge mechanism to the pre-assembled door assembly, and suspend the door assembly to the vehicle body side panel through a fixture, so that the door assembly, the hinge mechanism and the vehicle body side panel are in a pre-fitting state and carry out assembly;

[0014] Determine the deviation position between the door assembly and the surrounding components, and adjust the gap surface difference;

[0015] Carry out the assembly of the pneumatic strut and the balance bar;

[0016] Install the fender to the flexible fixture, and move the fender to the vehicle body through the flexible fixture and carry out assembly.

[0017] In some embodiments, it further comprises:

[0018] After the assembly is completed, collect the laser point cloud data of the vehicle body through a laser scanner, carry out key feature extraction and geometric analysis based on the point cloud data, obtain the surface difference at the key positions, and judge whether the assembly of the dual-mode door is qualified.

[0019] In some embodiments, the key feature extraction and geometric analysis based on the point cloud data to obtain the surface difference at the key positions includes:

[0020] Perform preprocessing, rough registration and fine registration on the three-dimensional point cloud data in sequence to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud of the vehicle body;

[0021] Based on the three-dimensional point cloud of the vehicle body, extract the point cloud of the matching area between the door and the side panel, combine the ambient temperature, and use the normal vector of the registered point cloud to calculate the surface difference at the key positions.

[0022] In some embodiments, the pre-assembly of the door assembly is specifically: complete the pre-assembly of the door components on the sub-assembly line and carry out functional tests, wherein the door components include wire harnesses, electric actuators, window regulators and sealing strips.

[0023] In some embodiments, the determination of the deviation position between the door assembly and the surrounding components and the adjustment of the gap surface difference are specifically: measure the gap between the door assembly and the surrounding components with a feeler gauge to determine the deviation position; adjust the connection between the hinge mechanism and the vehicle body side panel to make it have a play margin and adjust the gap flatness between the door assembly and the vehicle body.

[0024] In some embodiments, the assembly of the pneumatic strut and the balance bar is specifically as follows: One end of the pneumatic strut is installed on the vehicle body side wall, and the other end of the pneumatic strut is installed on the hinge mechanism; One end of the balance bar is installed on the vehicle body side wall, and the other end of the balance bar is installed on the hinge mechanism.

[0025] In some embodiments, the fixture is a mobile balance crane.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the door assembly is suspended to the vehicle body side wall by the fixture, the vehicle body image information and the door image information are collected by the image sensor, and the moving position of the door is determined according to the vehicle body image information and the door image information.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle body;

[0028] A vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is assembled with doors by using the above-mentioned vehicle dual-mode door assembly method.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle;

[0030] A vehicle, wherein the vehicle is assembled with doors by using the above-mentioned vehicle dual-mode door assembly method.

[0031] One or more technical solutions provided by the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0032] 1. For the technical solution provided by the present invention, other components on the door assembly are pre-assembled and installed. The one-time assembly of the door assembly, the hinge mechanism and the vehicle body is completed on the main vehicle assembly line. Only the main vehicle assembly line is required to complete the assembly of the dual-mode door, which improves the efficiency, increases the production beat, and saves the construction cost of the special refitting production line; The accuracy loss caused by secondary assembly is eliminated, and the dimensional qualification rate is improved.

[0033] 2. For the technical solution provided by the present invention, during the assembly process of the dual-mode door, the moving position of the door is determined by means of the image information collected by the image sensor, which is convenient for adjusting the assembly position between the door and the vehicle body, and improves the assembly accuracy and efficiency.

[0034] 3. For the technical solution provided by the present invention, the assembly quality is evaluated immediately after the assembly of the dual-mode door is completed. On the one hand, it is convenient to detect problems in time and make rectifications; on the other hand, the one-time completion of assembly and quality evaluation is realized; Considering the influence of environmental temperature change on the vehicle body structure, a temperature compensation model is introduced to realize the accurate evaluation of the surface difference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow diagram of the automobile dual-mode door assembly method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further illustration of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0038] Term explanation:

[0039] Automobile dual-mode door: An automobile door that can achieve two opening modes, namely traditional outward opening and vertical lifting, also known as a hybrid scissor door.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] Due to the limitation of the double-hinge system, the existing automobile dual-mode doors adopt a secondary assembly mode for assembly, resulting in low assembly efficiency and high assembly cost. To solve the above technical problems, this embodiment proposes an automobile dual-mode door assembly method, which completes the door assembly through a single assembly, improves the door assembly efficiency and quality, and reduces the cost.

[0042] The automobile dual-mode door assembly method includes the following steps:

[0043] Step S00: Remove the fender and clean the joint surface between the vehicle body and the fender.

[0044] Specifically, the operator uses an electric wrench or a pneumatic tool to remove the fixing bolts for connecting the fender to the vehicle body, and cleans the joint surface between the vehicle body and the fender with alcohol or non-woven fabric to ensure no oil stains or residual colloids, so as to avoid affecting the assembly accuracy.

[0045] Step S10: Install the hinge mechanism to the pre-assembled door assembly, and suspend the door assembly to the vehicle body side panel through a fixture, so that the door assembly, the vehicle body hinge and the vehicle body side panel are in a pre-fitting state and are assembled.

[0046] In this embodiment, the hinge mechanism adopts the prior art. For example, the Chinese patent application with the publication date of November 1, 2024, the publication number of CN118881268A, and the applicant of Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. Specifically, the hinge mechanism includes a vehicle body part, a door part, and a door connecting part arranged on the door part. The vehicle body part is fixed to the vehicle body side panel, the door part can rotate up and down on the vehicle body part, and the door connecting part can rotate on the door part under the push of the side-opening drive mechanism; the fixture is a mobile balance crane.

[0047] Specifically, first, fix the body parts to the body side panel, fix the door parts to the pre-assembled door assembly through bolts, and install the door connecting parts on the door parts; then, hang the door assembly on the body side panel by moving the fixture, rotate the jib to align the hinge mechanism with the hinge mounting holes on the body side panel, fix the body parts to the door connecting parts through the mounting bolts, and install the door assembly on the body side panel; finally, loosen the sling connecting the door assembly and the mobile balance hoist, and remove the mobile balance hoist.

[0048] Based on this, the assembly of the hinge mechanism for side opening and vertical lifting of the door, the body side panel and the door assembly can be directly realized without secondary modification, saving processes and improving the assembly efficiency.

[0049] In order to improve the accuracy of hanging the door assembly and moving the jib, in some embodiments, the body image information and the door image information are collected in advance through an image sensor. According to the body image information and the door image information, the moving position of the door is determined and output to the mobile balance hoist by the controller, so that the door assembly is moved to the installation area of the body; specifically including:

[0050] (1) Collect the real-time body image information through the image sensor, and determine the body's to-be-assembled area according to the real-time body image information. Considering that in the image, the brightness of the edge of the vacant part is lower than that of the body part, in this embodiment, the method of image brightness recognition is used to determine the to-be-assembled area of the body. The edge line of the body's to-be-assembled area is obtained through brightness comparison, and then the image contour of the to-be-assembled area is obtained. Specifically, the brightness histogram can be statistically calculated to determine the brightness difference threshold between the body area and the vacant part. Based on the comparison results of each pixel in the real-time body image information with the brightness difference threshold, the image contour of the to-be-assembled area is obtained.

[0051] (2) Determine the outer contour shape of the door according to the door image information.

[0052] In this embodiment, the OpenCV contour detection is used to process the door image information to determine the outer contour shape of the door.

[0053] (3) Perform centroid matching on the image contour of the body's to-be-assembled area and the outer contour shape of the door to determine the moving position of the door.

[0054] Specifically, calculate the centroids of the image contour of the to-be-assembled area and the outer contour shape of the door respectively, calculate the translation vector between the two and convert it into the moving distances of the mobile balance hoist in the X, Y, and Z directions, and output them to the mobile balance hoist through the controller.

[0055] Here, in order to reduce the assembly time of the main line, the door assembly pre-completes the installation of interior parts and conducts functional tests on the sub-assembly line to achieve the pre-assembly of the door assembly. Specifically, on the sub-assembly line, pre-installation of components such as wire harnesses, electric actuators, window lifters, and sealing strips is completed, and functional tests are carried out. Power on to check whether functions such as window lifting and door locking are normal to avoid rework.

[0056] Step S20: Determine the deviation positions between the door assembly and surrounding components, and adjust the gap and surface difference.

[0057] Specifically, the operator measures the gaps between the door and surrounding components such as the fender and headlamp with a feeler gauge, and records the deviation positions; pre-tighten the inner bolts (still with some play) that connect and fix the door connecting parts and the body parts, adjust the gap flatness between the door assembly and the body. After meeting the gap flatness requirements, tighten the outer bolts that connect and fix the door connecting parts and the body parts. After opening the door, tighten the inner bolts.

[0058] Step S30: Assemble the pneumatic strut and balance bar.

[0059] Specifically, connect one end of the pneumatic strut to one end of the body connecting part, connect the other end of the pneumatic strut to the door side panel, and test the damping force of the strut to ensure that the opening and closing door forces meet the ergonomic requirements; press-fit the balance bar with an interference fit. Connect one end of the balance bar to the body side panel, connect the other end of the balance bar to the other end of the body connecting part, and apply lubricating grease to the bushings at both ends of the balance bar to reduce the risk of abnormal noise.

[0060] Step S40: Use a flexible fixture to fix the fender and move it to the body, ensure that the gaps between it and the front bumper and engine hood are uniform, and then finally tighten the fixing bolts connecting the fender and the body according to the standard torque.

[0061] In order to timely understand the assembly effect of the automotive dual-mode door and make timely adjustments when the assembly effect does not meet the expectations, in some embodiments, after the fender assembly is completed, it further includes:

[0062] Step S50: Collect the point cloud data of the assembled dual-mode door and the body through a laser scanner, perform key feature extraction and geometric analysis based on the point cloud data, obtain the surface difference at the key positions and judge whether the assembly of the dual-mode door is qualified. If it is qualified, engrave a traceability mark in the qualified assembly area for quality tracking; otherwise, send a reminder to the operator to enable them to timely check the body assembly situation.

[0063] The surface difference directly affects the appearance quality, water leakage prevention performance, and wind noise suppression of the vehicle. For example, poor control of the surface difference between the door and the fender may cause wind leakage noise during high-speed driving. Therefore, in order to further improve the accuracy and real-time performance of the assembly quality judgment, in this embodiment, a dual-mode door assembly quality is evaluated based on the surface difference, and considering the influence of the environmental temperature on the body structure, temperature compensation is introduced during the extraction of the surface difference to ensure the long-term stability and accuracy of the evaluation effect; as an implementation method, the specific process of step S50 is as follows:

[0064] S501. Use a line laser scanner to scan the assembled body from multiple angles to generate point cloud data including the door, the body, and surrounding components.

[0065] S502. Preprocess the point cloud data to remove noise in the point cloud data and reduce the data volume.

[0066] Specifically, first, perform statistical filtering on the point cloud data, calculate the distance mean μ and standard deviation σ within the neighborhood of each point, and remove the outlier points that satisfy d i > μ + 3σ; then, with a grid resolution of 0.5 mm, divide the three-dimensional point cloud data into voxel grids, and only retain one point within each voxel to reduce the data volume to 10% of the original number of points.

[0067] Step S503. Coarsely register and finely register the preprocessed data.

[0068] In this step, the initial pose difference between the point cloud in the door area and the point cloud in the body area is eliminated through coarse registration to provide an initial transformation matrix for fine registration, and the registration accuracy is improved based on the coarse registration through fine registration.

[0069] Furthermore, first, perform feature extraction based on the Fast Point Feature Histogram (FPFH), calculate the feature vector (curvature, normal direction, and neighborhood geometric distribution) of each point, then, use the Random Sample Consensus algorithm (RANSAC) to screen the matching point pairs and output the optimal initial transformation matrix; finally, based on the coarse registration result, use the ICP algorithm to minimize the distance E = ∑‖(Rp i + t - q i )·n i ‖ 2 as the target for nearest neighbor search, calculate the centroid Construct the covariance matrix H = ∑(p i - μ p )(q i - μ q ) T , through the SVD decomposition of the covariance matrix H = U∑V T , calculate the optimal rotation matrix R = VUT and translation vector Use the optimal rotation matrix and translation vector to register multi-view point cloud data and obtain the three-dimensional point cloud of the vehicle body.

[0070] In the above steps, E represents the distance between the tangent planes of the source point cloud (point cloud of the vehicle body area) and the target point cloud (point cloud of the door area), R represents the rotation matrix, t represents the translation vector, p i represents the i-th source point cloud, q i represents the i-th target point cloud, n i represents the i-th normal vector, μ p represents the centroid of the source point cloud, n represents the number of point clouds, μ q represents the centroid of the target point cloud, H represents the covariance matrix, U and V represent orthogonal matrices, and ∑ represents the diagonal matrix.

[0071] Here, the random sample consensus algorithm (RANSAC) is used to screen the matching point pairs, and the output of the optimal initial transformation matrix is specifically: calculate the cosine similarity of the eigenvectors between the source point cloud and the target point cloud, and screen four pairs of point pairs with high cosine similarity as the matching point pairs, and then perform SVD decomposition on the matching point pairs to output the optimal initial transformation matrix.

[0072] Step S504: Based on the three-dimensional point cloud of the vehicle body, extract the point cloud of the matching area between the door and the side panel, combine the ambient temperature, and use the normal vector of the registered point cloud to calculate the surface difference between the door and the side panel area; determine whether the surface difference is less than the preset threshold. If so, the vehicle body assembly is qualified; otherwise, the operator needs to conduct further inspections.

[0073] Among them, the surface difference D is expressed as:

[0074] D = |Δd·n j | = |d0(1 + αΔT)·n j | = |(p i -q j )(1 + αΔT)·n j |;

[0075] In the formula, p i represents the i-th point cloud in the door area, q j represents the corresponding point cloud in the side panel matching area, n j represents the normal vector of the point cloud in the side panel matching area.

[0076] Embodiment 2

[0077] Based on the above-mentioned automobile dual-mode door assembly method, this embodiment further provides a vehicle body. The vehicle body uses the automobile dual-mode door assembly method described in Embodiment 1 for door assembly. Since the above-mentioned automobile dual-mode door assembly method has the above technical effects, for the technical effects of the vehicle body using this automobile dual-mode door assembly method, please refer to the above embodiment.

[0078] Embodiment 3

[0079] Based on the above-mentioned automobile dual-mode door assembly method, this embodiment further provides an automobile. The automobile uses the automobile dual-mode door assembly method described in Embodiment 1 for door assembly. Since the above-mentioned automobile dual-mode door assembly method has the above technical effects, for the technical effects of the automobile using this automobile dual-mode door assembly method, please refer to the above embodiment.

[0080] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, various modifications or deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembly method for a dual-mode door of an automobile, characterized in that, Comprising: Remove the fender and clean the joint surface between the vehicle body and the fender; Install the hinge mechanism to the pre-assembled door assembly, and suspend the door assembly to the body side wall through a fixture, so that the door assembly, the hinge mechanism and the body side wall are in a pre-fitting state and perform assembly; Determine the deviation position between the door assembly and the surrounding components, and adjust the gap and flushness; Perform the assembly of the pneumatic strut and the balance bar; Install the fender to the flexible fixture, and move the fender to the vehicle body through the flexible fixture and perform assembly.

2. The automotive dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 1, wherein, Also comprising: After the assembly is completed, collect the laser point cloud data of the vehicle body through a laser scanner, perform key feature extraction and geometric analysis based on the point cloud data, obtain the flushness of the key positions, and judge whether the assembly of the dual-mode door is qualified.

3. The automotive dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The performing key feature extraction and geometric analysis based on the point cloud data to obtain the flushness of the key positions includes: Perform preprocessing, rough registration and fine registration on the three-dimensional point cloud data in sequence to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud of the vehicle body; Based on the three-dimensional point cloud of the vehicle body, extract the point cloud of the matching area between the door and the side wall, combine the ambient temperature, and use the normal vector of the registered point cloud to calculate the flushness of the key positions.

4. The automotive dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 1, wherein The pre-assembled door assembly is specifically: complete the pre-assembly of the door components on the sub-assembly line and perform functional tests, wherein the door components include a wiring harness, an electric actuator, a window regulator and a sealing strip.

5. The automobile dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determining the deviation position between the door assembly and the surrounding components and adjusting the gap and flushness is specifically: measure the gap between the door assembly and the surrounding components with a feeler gauge to determine the deviation position; adjust the connection between the hinge mechanism and the body side wall to make it have a movement margin and adjust the gap flatness between the door assembly and the vehicle body.

6. The automotive dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 1, wherein The performing the assembly of the pneumatic strut and the balance bar is specifically: install one end of the pneumatic strut on the body side wall, and install the other end of the pneumatic strut on the hinge mechanism; install one end of the balance bar on the body side wall, and install the other end of the balance bar on the hinge mechanism.

7. The automotive dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixture is a mobile balance crane.

8. The automotive dual-mode door assembly method according to claim 1, wherein When suspending the door assembly to the body side wall through the fixture, collect the vehicle body image information and the door image information through an image sensor, and determine the moving position of the door according to the vehicle body image information and the door image information.

9. A vehicle body, characterized in that, The vehicle body performs door assembly by using the vehicle dual-mode door assembly method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle performs door assembly by using the vehicle dual-mode door assembly method according to any one of claims 1-8.

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