Surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil construction, and relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicles, the surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil construction comprises a surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body, and further comprises a surveying and mapping group, a frame body covering assembly, a stable impact reduction assembly, a retractable collaborative protection assembly and a bag body guide damage prevention assembly, through the overall design, the operation safety is remarkably improved; in complex terrains such as mountainous areas and canyons full of obstacles, the multi-layer protection device can effectively prevent the surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body from directly colliding with tall trees and sharp rocks; the outer layer is firm, the protection structure with certain elasticity can buffer collision impact force in advance, the damage risk of the surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body is reduced, crash accidents are reduced, and therefore it is guaranteed that the surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body stably works in a high-risk environment, and the operation safety is greatly improved; and data acquisition interruption and economic loss caused by equipment damage are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mapping UAV bodies, and specifically to a mapping UAV for civil engineering construction. Background Art

[0002] In the field of civil engineering, with the continuous expansion of construction scale and the increasing complexity of construction environments, UAV mapping technology has become an indispensable and important means. Whether it is the refined construction of large building complexes, the precise erection of bridge projects, or the steady progress of tunnel projects, they all highly rely on UAV mapping to achieve efficient and accurate phased progress assessment and quality control.

[0003] Under complex terrain conditions, such as mountainous areas and canyon zones, traditional manual mapping methods face many challenges. Not only is the efficiency low, but when facing areas that are difficult to reach on steep slopes and in thick jungles, accurate data is often impossible to obtain. At this time, UAVs, relying on their flexible flight capabilities, can easily penetrate these complex areas and quickly collect terrain information. However, these environments are filled with various obstacles, such as tall trees and sharp rocks. Existing mapping UAV bodies generally do not have protective measures. Even if there are protective measures, they are only to install a protective cage on the surface of the UAV. The protective cage not only greatly reduces the flight flexibility of the UAV, seriously affecting the operation efficiency, but also when flying through narrow spaces or close to obstacles, it is extremely easy to rub and stick to external objects such as trees, resulting in damage or even crash of the UAV, further causing interruption of data collection and economic losses.

[0004] From the perspective of dynamic monitoring, during the construction process of civil engineering, it is necessary to continuously monitor the settlement of buildings and the deformation of bridge structures. This requires the UAV to fly stably for a long time and ensure the safety and accuracy of the carried cameras, lidars, and other precision mapping equipment. However, existing protective cages will interfere with the normal operation of these devices and affect the accuracy of data collection. Moreover, due to the dynamic changes in the environment, existing single protective measures simply cannot comprehensively handle the situation and cannot provide all-round and multi-level protection for the UAV.

[0005] In addition, UAVs used in civil engineering mapping, due to their working nature, need to carry additional high-precision cameras and lidar equipment. These devices are expensive and extremely precise, and have higher requirements for protection. Existing protection methods cannot be adapted according to the special shapes and functions of these devices, and it is difficult to provide sufficient protection without affecting the normal operation of the devices. In summary, there is an urgent need for a brand-new, efficient, and highly adaptable auxiliary device that can specifically target the characteristics and requirements of the mapping UAV body for civil engineering construction, provide comprehensive and precise protection, so as to promote the further development of civil engineering mapping technology and improve the safety and efficiency of construction.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention proposes a surveying and mapping UAV for civil construction to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a surveying and mapping drone for civil construction to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a surveying and mapping UAV for civil engineering construction, comprising: a surveying and mapping UAV body, and also comprising: a surveying and mapping group, a frame cover assembly, a stable impact reduction assembly, a retractable collaborative protection assembly, and a capsule guide anti-damage assembly, wherein the surveying and mapping group is located below the surveying and mapping UAV body, the frame cover assembly is wrapped around the outside of the surveying and mapping group, the stable impact reduction assembly is symmetrically arranged on the frame cover assembly, and the retractable collaborative protection assembly and the capsule guide anti-damage assembly are both arranged in the frame cover assembly;

[0009] The frame cover assembly is used for protecting equipment and providing a position fixing support surface for the retractable cooperative protection assembly and the capsule guide anti-damage assembly;

[0010] The stable impact reduction component is used to reduce the deformation impact caused by the longitudinal external force on the frame cover assembly, and reduce the deviation of the spliced cover body caused by it;

[0011] The retractable cooperative protection component is used to provide convenient protection for the equipment;

[0012] The capsule guiding and anti-damage assembly is used for guiding the moving capsule and for assisting equipment buffering.

[0013] As an improvement, the surveying and mapping group includes a main arm shaft fixedly connected to the bottom of the surveying and mapping UAV body, the bottom end of the main arm shaft is rotatably connected to an auxiliary arm shaft, and the auxiliary arm shaft is rotatably connected to a surveyor.

[0014] As an improvement, the frame cover assembly includes a side wall plate located on the side of the surveyor, the side wall plate is fixedly connected with a connecting cross bar, the connecting cross bar is fixedly connected with an outer protective strip, and the outer protective strip is fixedly connected with an inner protective strip.

[0015] As an improvement, the stable impact reduction component includes a first outward expansion strip fixedly connected to the end face of the side wall plate, a wavy plug strip is fixedly connected to the inner end of the first outward expansion strip, and the side wall plates are symmetrically arranged with a group of second outward expansion strips fixedly connected to one side of the first outward expansion strip and located on the other side wall plate, and a wavy groove is opened on the second outward expansion strip.

[0016] As an improvement, the retractable collaborative protection component includes a shaft A fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side wall plate. An airbag sheet is fixedly connected to the shaft A. One end of the airbag sheet away from the shaft A is fixedly connected to a pulling belt. The bottom inner wall of the side wall plate is fixedly connected to a storage bin. A shaft B is rotatably connected in the storage bin. One end of the pulling belt away from the airbag sheet is wound around the shaft B.

[0017] As an improvement, a concave annular groove is formed on the shaft A. An air inlet hole communicating through is formed on the shaft A at the position where the concave annular groove is located. An annular member is slidably connected to the concave annular groove. A pump air pipe is fixedly connected to the annular member.

[0018] As an improvement, the airbag guiding and damage prevention component includes a buffer spring fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cross bar. The bottom end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to a bent bar. The top end of the bent bar is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cross bar. An elliptical spring plate is fixedly connected to the bent bar.

[0019] As an improvement, a mechanical deformation buffer layer is formed between the outer protection strip and the inner protection strip.

[0020] As an improvement, the inside of the shaft A is hollow, and one end of the airbag sheet is communicated with the hollow inside of the shaft A.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction, having the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Through the overall design, the present invention can bring the following benefits:

[0023] Significantly improve the operation safety: In complex terrains such as mountainous areas and canyons where there are many obstacles, the multi-layer protection device can effectively prevent the direct collision between the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body and tall trees and sharp rocks; for example, the outer strong and elastic protection structure can pre-buffer the collision impact force, reduce the risk of damage to the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body, reduce the occurrence of crash accidents, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body in high-risk environments, greatly improving the operation safety, and avoiding data acquisition interruption and economic losses caused by equipment damage;

[0024] Greatly improve the flight flexibility and operation efficiency: Different from the traditional heavy protection cage, the multi-layer protection device fully considers the flight characteristics of the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body in its design; using lightweight and high-strength materials, while providing reliable protection, it will not increase the load of the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body too much, enabling the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body to maintain good flight flexibility; when flying through narrow spaces or close to obstacles, it will not get scratched or adhered due to the protection device, ensuring that the mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body can efficiently and smoothly complete the mapping task, significantly improving the operation efficiency;

[0025] Provide all-round and multi-level protection: Aiming at the problem that the existing protection measures are single and cannot comprehensively cope with the dynamic changes of complex environments, this multi-layer protection device is designed for protection from multiple levels; for example, it resists collisions from the physical protection level and ensures the safe operation of the device from the device adaptation level, providing all-round and multi-level protection for the mapping UAV body and the carried devices, and effectively improving its adaptability and reliability in various civil engineering mapping scenarios.

[0026] 2. The present invention, by adopting the design of winding the airbag sheets, can bring the following benefits:

[0027] Space utilization advantage: In the non-working state, the airbag sheets in the winding design are tightly wound inside the frame covering component, occupying extremely little space; compared with the traditional block-shaped or large-area tiled protection structure, it greatly saves the internal space of the frame covering component, enabling the mapping UAV body to carry more necessary devices or increase the battery capacity, thereby extending the endurance time and enhancing the overall operation ability.

[0028] Efficient and extensive protection coverage: When the mapping UAV body encounters a collision risk, the winding airbag sheets can be quickly deployed; and due to their winding and retracting characteristics, they can cover a large area after deployment, providing a wide protection range for the mapping UAV body and the precision instruments it carries; in complex terrains such as mountains and jungles, if the mapping UAV body is hit by branches and stones from multiple directions, the winding airbag sheets can resist collision impacts from different angles in a large stretch, effectively reducing the probability of equipment damage and ensuring the continuity of data collection work.

[0029] Convenient maintenance and replacement: During the actual operation process, the protection device may need maintenance or replacement due to multiple collisions; the airbag sheet design structure is relatively simple, easy to disassemble and install; when the airbag sheet is damaged, the staff can easily unwind it from the frame for replacement without large-scale disassembly of the entire protection system, greatly shortening the maintenance time, reducing the maintenance cost, improving the use efficiency of the mapping UAV body, and enabling it to be quickly put into subsequent mapping tasks.

[0030] 3. The present invention, by the combined use of the airbag sheets and the pulling belts, can bring the following benefits:

[0031] Improve the adaptability to narrow and irregular environments and ensure the stability of protection work: The construction site environment of civil engineering is harsh. During the operation of the mapping UAV body, the stretching operation track of the airbag sheet will be slightly deformed due to external interference; such as being affected by vibration, impact or airflow. However, the design of the airbag sheet and the traction belt endows it with good anti-interference ability. Due to the thin sheet structure characteristics of the airbag sheet and the traction belt, even if the operation track is slightly deformed, they can still be normally deployed and play a protective role. That is, even if the outer protective strip and the inner protective strip in the frame covering assembly are deformed, the airbag sheet can still rely on its own flexibility and the traction of the traction belt, and can also adaptively move freely and adjust its position in the deformed frame, ensuring that the protection range is not affected, improving the adaptability of the protection components in narrow and irregular environments, and always providing stable and reliable protection for the equipment, maintaining the continuity and accuracy of the mapping work of the mapping UAV body.

[0032] Enhance the emergency protection response ability: In the civil construction mapping scenario, the flight environment of the mapping UAV body is complex and changeable, and the impact risk may occur at any time. When the equipment is close to the part to be impacted, the traditional protection mechanism relying on the acceleration sensor often fails due to insufficient reaction time. However, the design of the airbag sheet and the traction belt in cooperation with the infrared distance sensor can achieve more sensitive monitoring and response. The infrared distance sensor can accurately perceive the distance of surrounding obstacles in real time. Once a dangerous distance is detected, it immediately triggers the airbag sheet and the traction belt to work, causing the airbag sheet to quickly unfold, providing timely buffer protection for the mapping UAV body and its carried precision mapping equipment, greatly reducing the impact force at the moment of collision, and significantly enhancing the reliability and timeliness of emergency protection.

[0033] Optimize the overall performance of the protection system: The combined use of the airbag sheet and the traction belt enriches the functional dimensions of the protection system and realizes the coordinated operation of multiple protection mechanisms. The infrared distance sensor and the acceleration sensor complement each other, broadening the range of danger perception. The combination of the thin sheet design and the anti-deformation ability improves the applicability and stability of the protection system in different environments. The above comprehensive optimization enables the protection system not only to effectively cope with various complex working conditions, but also to reduce the impact on the flight performance of the mapping UAV body while ensuring the protection effect, achieving the balance between the protection performance and the flight performance, and improving the comprehensive operation ability of the mapping UAV body in the field of civil construction mapping.

[0034] 4. The addition of the buffer spring and the elliptical spring plate in the present invention can bring the following benefits:

[0035] Cooperative optimization with existing protection systems: Incorporating elliptical spring plates and buffer springs into the existing protection system of airbag sheets and traction belts can achieve cooperative optimization of all-round protection performance. In the initial stage of a collision, the airbag sheets and traction belts respond quickly, buffering most of the impact force through inflation and traction. Subsequently, the elliptical spring plates and buffer springs intervene to absorb and buffer the remaining impact force again, further reducing vibration transmission. This phased and multi-level protection cooperation greatly improves the overall efficiency of the protection system, provides more comprehensive and reliable protection for the civil engineering surveying and mapping UAV body and the precision instruments it carries, ensures that the instruments can always maintain a high-precision working state in complex and changeable construction environments, and provides a solid guarantee for the smooth progress of surveying and mapping work.

[0036] 5. The splicing design of the wavy plug strips and wavy channels in the present invention can bring the following benefits to the structure of the protection device for the civil engineering surveying and mapping UAV body:

[0037] Excellent longitudinal impact resistance: In the civil engineering surveying and mapping scenario, the civil engineering surveying and mapping UAV body will encounter longitudinal impacts caused by various complex situations, such as falling from a height or being impacted by strong airflows during flight. Compared with the traditional column rod plugging method, the cooperation of the wavy plug strips and wavy channels can, when subjected to longitudinal impact forces, utilize the undulating characteristics of the wavy structure to disperse and buffer the impact force along the wavy surface. The peaks and valleys of each wave interact with each other, acting like a multi-stage buffer device, effectively absorbing and weakening the impact force, reducing the impact of longitudinal impact on the structural components at the splicing point, greatly reducing the risk of offset of the two spliced cover bodies due to longitudinal impact, and ensuring the structural integrity of the protection device under complex working conditions.

[0038] Enhanced structural stability and reliability: The traditional column rod plugging method is prone to loosening after long-term use or frequent impacts, resulting in a decrease in the structural stability at the splicing point. However, the wavy plug strips and wavy channels fit tightly to form a unique interlocking structure. This structure not only performs well under longitudinal impacts but also maintains good stability under the vibrations and other forces in the daily flight. The mutual nesting of the wavy structures increases the friction and contact area at the splicing point, making the two cover bodies spliced more firmly. When operating in an environment with unstable airflow in mountainous areas or being affected by mechanical vibrations near a construction site, this design can ensure that the protection device always stably protects the civil engineering surveying and mapping UAV body and the precision instruments it carries, significantly improving the reliability and service life of the protection device.

[0039] Optimized integrity of the protection system: The cooperation between the wavy slats and the wavy channels, as the key part of the structural connection of the protection device, works in coordination with other protection components such as airbag sheets and elliptical spring plates to further optimize the performance of the entire protection system; when impacted, the wavy splicing structure effectively reduces the offset, ensuring that other protection components can function better; for example, when the mapping UAV body collides, the stable splicing structure can ensure that the airbag sheet unfolds accurately and provides buffering, and the bending strips and elliptical spring plates can absorb vibrations more effectively, making the entire protection system form an organic whole, comprehensively enhancing the protection ability for the mapping UAV body and its carried precision instruments, and meeting the high-performance requirements of the protection device in the complex environment of civil engineering surveying and mapping. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 Is a three-dimensional external view of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 Is a front view of the main structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 Is the main body diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Is the related structure diagram of the central shaft rod A, airbag sheet, and pulling belt in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Is a side view of the frame covering component, stable impact reduction component, and retractable collaborative protection component of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 Is the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at A in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Is the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at B in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 Is the related structure diagram of the connecting cross bar, buffer spring, and bending strip in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 Is a three-dimensional view of the related structures of the frame covering component, stable impact reduction component, and retractable collaborative protection component of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 Is the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of the structure at C in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 Is the working state diagram of the side wall plate, shaft rod A, airbag sheet, and pulling belt in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 12This is the state diagram when the retractable collaborative protection component inflates the airbag sheet in the present invention.

[0052] In the figure:

[0053] 1. Mapping UAV body;

[0054] 2. Mapping group; 201. Main arm shaft; 202. Auxiliary arm shaft; 203. Mapping device;

[0055] 3. Frame covering component; 301. Side wall plate; 302. Outer protection strip; 303. Inner protection strip; 304. Connecting cross strip;

[0056] 4. Stable impact reduction component; 401. First outward expansion strip; 402. Wavy insertion strip; 403. Second outward expansion strip; 404. Wavy channel;

[0057] 5. Retractable collaborative protection component; 501. Shaft A; 502. Airbag sheet; 503. Pulling belt; 504. Storage bin; 505. Shaft B; 506. Concave ring groove; 507. Air inlet hole; 508. Ring part; 509. Pump air pipe;

[0058] 6. Airbag guiding and anti-damage component; 601. Buffer spring; 602. Bent strip; 603. Oval spring plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] The present invention will be further described in detail below according to the drawings and embodiments.

[0061] Embodiment

[0062] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 8 to 10 as shown:

[0063] To solve the problems mentioned in the technical solution, the embodiment of the present application provides a mapping UAV for civil engineering construction, including: a mapping UAV body 1, and further including: a mapping group 2, a frame covering component 3, a stable impact reduction component 4, a retractable collaborative protection component 5, and an airbag guiding and anti-damage component 6. The mapping group 2 is located below the mapping UAV body 1, the frame covering component 3 is wrapped outside the mapping group 2, the stable impact reduction component 4 is symmetrically arranged on the frame covering component 3, and the retractable collaborative protection component 5 and the airbag guiding and anti-damage component 6 are both arranged inside the frame covering component 3;

[0064] The housing covering component 3 is used to protect the equipment and provide a position-fixed support surface for the retractable collaborative protection component 5 and the capsule guiding anti-damage component 6;

[0065] The stable impact reduction component 4 is used to reduce the deformation impact caused by the longitudinal external force on the housing covering component 3 and reduce the offset of the splicing cover body caused thereby;

[0066] The surveying and mapping group 2 includes a main arm shaft 201 fixedly connected to the bottom of the surveying and mapping UAV body 1. The bottom end of the main arm shaft 201 is rotatably connected to an auxiliary arm shaft 202, and a surveying and mapping device 203 is rotatably connected to the auxiliary arm shaft 202;

[0067] The housing covering component 3 includes a side wall plate 301 located on the side of the surveying and mapping device 203. A connecting cross bar 304 is fixedly connected to the side wall plate 301. An outer protection bar 302 is fixedly connected to the connecting cross bar 304, and an inner protection bar 303 is fixedly connected to the outer protection bar 302;

[0068] The stable impact reduction component 4 includes a first outward expansion bar 401 fixedly connected to the end face of the side wall plate 301. A wavy insertion bar 402 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the first outward expansion bar 401. A group of side wall plates 301 are symmetrically arranged. A second outward expansion bar 403 is fixedly connected to one side of the first outward expansion bar 401 and on another side wall plate 301. A wavy channel 404 is opened on the second outward expansion bar 403.

[0069] Wherein:

[0070] An acceleration sensor and an infrared distance sensor are provided on the surveying and mapping UAV body 1. For this purpose, when the surveying and mapping UAV body 1 encounters a collision, a sudden fall or other situations that cause a sharp change in acceleration during flight, the acceleration sensor can quickly sense these abnormal acceleration changes, and the sensor will convert information such as the magnitude and change rate of the acceleration into an electrical signal; the infrared distance sensor is used to make up for the perfection of the non-triggering of the acceleration sensor when the surveying and mapping UAV body 1 approaches an external object.

[0071] The main arm shaft 201 and the auxiliary arm shaft 202 are used in cooperation to adjust the image collection of the surveying and mapping device 203.

[0072] The housing covering component 3 is used to protect the surveying and mapping device 203 and provide a position-fixed support surface for the retractable collaborative protection component 5 and the capsule guiding anti-damage component 6.

[0073] A solar panel can be installed on the outer surface of the housing covering component 3 for this purpose to store electricity when the component is in use.

[0074] A mechanical deformation buffer layer is formed between the outer protection bar 302 and the inner protection bar 303, which first exists as a buffer to unload force.

[0075] The connecting cross bar 304 is used to stably reinforce the outer protection bar 302.

[0076] The stable impact reduction component 4 is used to reduce the deformation impact caused by the longitudinal external force on the frame covering component 3, and reduce the offset of the spliced cover body caused thereby.

[0077] The wavy insertion bar 402 on the first outer expansion bar 401 is arranged in mirror symmetry.

[0078] The wavy channel 404 is adapted to the wavy insertion bar 402.

[0079] For a further embodiment: Please refer to Figures 3 to 7 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 as shown in:

[0080] The retractable collaborative protection component 5 is used to provide convenient protection for the equipment;

[0081] The capsule guiding and damage prevention component 6 is used to guide the moving capsule and assist the equipment in buffering;

[0082] The retractable collaborative protection component 5 includes a shaft rod A501 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side wall plate 301. A gasbag sheet 502 is fixedly connected to the shaft rod A501. One end of the gasbag sheet 502 away from the shaft rod A501 is fixedly connected to a pulling belt 503. A storage bin 504 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the side wall plate 301. A shaft rod B505 is rotatably connected in the storage bin 504. One end of the pulling belt 503 away from the gasbag sheet 502 is wound around the shaft rod B505. A concave ring groove 506 is opened on the shaft rod A501. An air inlet hole 507 communicating through is opened on the shaft rod A501 at the position where the concave ring groove 506 is located. An annular member 508 is slidably connected to the concave ring groove 506. A pump air pipe 509 is fixedly connected to the annular member 508;

[0083] The capsule guiding and damage prevention component 6 includes a buffer spring 601 fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cross bar 304. The bottom end of the buffer spring 601 is fixedly connected to a bent bar 602. The top end of the bent bar 602 is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cross bar 304. An elliptical spring plate 603 is fixedly connected to the bent bar 602.

[0084] The retractable collaborative protection component 5 is used to provide convenient protection for the equipment.

[0085] The inside of the shaft rod A501 is hollow.

[0086] One end of the gasbag sheet 502 communicates with the hollow inside of the shaft rod A501.

[0087] Both the shaft rod A501 and the shaft rod B505 are driven by motors.

[0088] The annular part 508 is adapted to the concave annular groove 506 and has a good seal.

[0089] The pump air pipe 509 is connected to an external air pump.

[0090] The capsule guiding and anti-damage component 6 is used to guide the moving capsule and assist the equipment in buffering.

[0091] Among them:

[0092] The working principle of all the contents in the above embodiments is as follows:

[0093] In the initial state:

[0094] The buffer spring 601 in the connecting cross bar 304 is not compressed, the airbag sheet 502 is wound around the shaft rod A501, the shaft rod B505 does not wind the pulling belt 503, and the elliptical spring plate 603 is not compressed.

[0095] Working process:

[0096] When in use, first install the frame covering component 3 symmetrically on the surveying instrument 203 in the surveying group 2 through the stable impact reduction component 4; then the required components or instruments can be assembled on the surveying UAV body 1, and then the flight surveying work can be carried out;

[0097] Furthermore, when the surveying UAV body 1 is at risk of collision, the acceleration sensor and the infrared distance sensor on the surveying UAV body 1 will cooperate to make the total control system control the air pump and the shaft rod A501 and the shaft rod B505 that are electrically connected to it to work. Specifically, the shaft rod B505 in the storage bin 504 will wind the pulling belt 503, and at this time the shaft rod A501 will rotate in cooperation, so that the airbag sheet 502 will gradually unwind from the shaft rod A501 and gradually move closer to the shaft rod A501. During this process, the airbag sheet 502 will gradually move and cover the surveying instrument 203 with the assistance of the side of the bending strip 602; furthermore, as the winding ends, the air pump will pump gas into the shaft rod A501 through the pump air pipe 509 with the assistance of the annular part 508 through the air inlet hole 507. As is known, the inside of the shaft rod A501 is hollow, and one end of the airbag sheet 502 is communicated with the hollow inside of the shaft rod A501. Therefore, at this time, the airbag sheet 502 will inflate and bulge to provide protection for the surveying instrument 203; furthermore, during the impact, the bending strip 602 slidingly connected to the connecting cross bar 304 will also cooperate with the buffer spring 601 and the elliptical spring plate 603 to carry out collaborative buffer and shock protection;

[0098] Furthermore, by adopting a winding design for the airbag sheet 502, the following advantages can be achieved: space utilization advantage; when in the non-working state, the winding design of the airbag sheet 502 tightly winds around the frame covering component 3, occupying extremely little space; compared with the traditional block-shaped or large-area tiled protection structure, it greatly saves the internal space of the frame covering component 3, enabling the mapping UAV body 1 to carry more necessary equipment or increase the battery capacity, thereby extending the endurance time and enhancing the overall operation ability;

[0099] Efficient and extensive protection coverage: when the mapping UAV body 1 encounters a collision risk, the winding airbag sheet 502 can quickly deploy; and due to its winding and retracting characteristics, it can cover a large area after deployment, providing a wide protection range for the mapping UAV body 1 and the precision instruments carried thereon; in complex terrains such as mountains and jungles, if the mapping UAV body 1 is impacted by branches and stones from multiple directions, the winding airbag sheet 502 can resist collision impacts from different angles in a large stretch, effectively reducing the probability of equipment damage and ensuring the continuity of data collection work;

[0100] Convenient maintenance and replacement: during the actual operation process, the protection device may need maintenance or replacement due to multiple collisions; the design structure of the airbag sheet 502 is relatively simple, easy to disassemble and install; when the airbag sheet 502 is damaged, the staff can conveniently unwind it from the frame for replacement without large-scale disassembly of the entire protection system, greatly shortening the maintenance time, reducing the maintenance cost, improving the use efficiency of the mapping UAV body 1, and enabling it to be quickly put into subsequent mapping tasks.

[0101] Furthermore, by the combined use of the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503, the following advantages can be achieved: improving the adaptability to narrow and irregular environments and ensuring the stability of the protection work; the construction site environment of civil engineering is harsh, and during the operation of the mapping UAV body 1, the stretching operation track of the airbag sheet 502 may be slightly deformed due to external interference; such as being affected by vibration, impact or air flow; however, the design of the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503 endows them with good anti-interference ability; due to the thin-sheet structure characteristics of the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503, even if the operation track is slightly deformed, they can still deploy normally and play a protective role; that is, even if the outer protection strip 302 and the inner protection strip 303 in the frame covering component 3 are deformed, the airbag sheet 502 can still rely on its own flexibility and the traction of the pulling belt 503 to adaptively move freely and adjust its position in the deformed frame, ensuring that the protection range is not affected, improving the adaptability of the protection components in narrow and irregular environments, and always providing stable and reliable protection for the equipment, maintaining the continuity and accuracy of the mapping work of the mapping UAV body 1;

[0102] Enhance the emergency protection response ability: In the civil construction surveying and mapping scenario, the flight environment of the surveying and mapping UAV body 1 is complex and changeable, and the impact risk may occur at any time; when the device is close to the part to be impacted, the traditional protection mechanism relying on the acceleration sensor often fails due to insufficient reaction time; however, the design of the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503 in cooperation with the infrared distance sensor can achieve more sensitive monitoring and response. The infrared distance sensor can accurately sense the distance of surrounding obstacles in real time. Once a dangerous distance is detected, it immediately triggers the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503 to work, causing the airbag sheet 502 to quickly expand, providing timely buffer protection for the surveying and mapping UAV body 1 and its carried precision surveying and mapping equipment, greatly reducing the impact force at the moment of collision, and significantly enhancing the reliability and timeliness of emergency protection;

[0103] Optimize the overall performance of the protection system: The combined use of the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503 enriches the functional dimensions of the protection system and realizes the coordinated operation of multiple protection mechanisms; the infrared distance sensor and the acceleration sensor complement each other, broadening the range of danger perception; the combination of the thin sheet design and the anti-deformation ability improves the applicability and stability of the protection system in different environments; the above comprehensive optimization enables the protection system not only to effectively cope with various complex working conditions, but also to reduce the impact on the flight performance of the surveying and mapping UAV body 1 while ensuring the protection effect, achieving the balance between the protection performance and the flight performance, and improving the comprehensive operation ability of the surveying and mapping UAV body 1 in the field of civil construction surveying and mapping.

[0104] Furthermore, the addition of the buffer spring 601 and the elliptical spring plate 603 can bring the following benefits: Coordinated optimization with the existing protection system; integrating the elliptical spring plate 603 and the buffer spring 601 into the existing protection system of the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503 can achieve the coordinated optimization of the overall protection performance; at the initial stage of the collision, the airbag sheet 502 and the pulling belt 503 respond quickly, buffering most of the impact force through inflation and pulling; subsequently, the elliptical spring plate 603 and the buffer spring 601 intervene to absorb and buffer the residual impact force again, further reducing the vibration transmission; this staged and multi-level protection coordination greatly improves the overall efficiency of the protection system, provides more comprehensive and reliable protection for the civil surveying and mapping UAV body 1 and its carried precision instruments, and ensures that the instruments can always maintain a high-precision working state in the complex and changeable construction environment, providing a solid guarantee for the smooth progress of the surveying and mapping work.

[0105] Furthermore, the splicing design of the wavy slats 402 and the wavy channels 404 can bring the following benefits to the structure of the protection device of the mapping UAV body 1: excellent longitudinal impact resistance; in the civil engineering mapping scenario, the mapping UAV body 1 will encounter longitudinal impacts caused by various complex situations, such as falling from a height or being impacted by strong airflows during flight; compared with the traditional column rod splicing method, the cooperation of the wavy slats 402 and the wavy channels 404 can, when subjected to longitudinal impact forces, utilize the undulating characteristics of the wavy structure to disperse and buffer the impact forces along the wavy surface; the peaks and valleys of each wave interact with each other, like a multi-stage buffer device, effectively absorbing and weakening the impact forces, reducing the impact of longitudinal impact on the structural components at the splicing point, greatly reducing the risk of offset of the two spliced cover bodies due to longitudinal impact, and ensuring the structural integrity of the protection device under complex working conditions;

[0106] Enhanced structural stability and reliability: The traditional column rod splicing method is prone to loosening after long-term use or frequent impacts, resulting in a decrease in the structural stability at the splicing point; while the wavy slats 402 and the wavy channels 404 fit tightly, forming a unique interlocking structure; this structure not only performs well under longitudinal impact, but also maintains good stability under the vibrations and other forces in the daily flight; the mutual nesting of the wavy structures increases the friction and contact area at the splicing point, making the two cover bodies spliced more firmly; when operating in an environment with unstable airflow in mountainous areas or being affected by mechanical vibrations near a construction site, this design can ensure that the protection device always stably protects the mapping UAV body 1 and the precision instruments carried, significantly improving the reliability and service life of the protection device;

[0107] Optimized integrity of the protection system: The cooperation of the wavy slats 402 and the wavy channels 404, as the key part of the structural connection of the protection device, works together with other protection components such as the airbag sheets 502 and the elliptical spring plates 603 to further optimize the performance of the entire protection system; when subjected to impact, the effective reduction of offset by the wavy splicing structure can ensure that other protection components can play a better role; for example, when the mapping UAV body 1 collides, the stable splicing structure can ensure that the airbag sheets 502 are accurately deployed and provide buffering, and the bending strips 602 and the elliptical spring plates 603 can absorb vibrations more effectively, making the entire protection system form an organic whole, comprehensively enhancing the protection ability for the mapping UAV body 1 and the precision instruments carried, and meeting the high-performance requirements of the protection device in the complex environment of civil engineering mapping.

[0108] Please refer to the above working process Figures 1 to 12 。

[0109] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising said element.

[0110] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A surveying and mapping drone for civil engineering construction, comprising: The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body (1) is characterized in that it also comprises: a surveying and mapping group (2), a frame cover assembly (3), a stable impact reduction assembly (4), a retractable cooperative protection assembly (5), and a capsule guide anti-damage assembly (6), wherein the surveying and mapping group (2) is located below the surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle body (1), the frame cover assembly (3) is wrapped around the outside of the surveying and mapping group (2), the stable impact reduction assembly (4) is symmetrically arranged on the frame cover assembly (3), and the retractable cooperative protection assembly (5) and the capsule guide anti-damage assembly (6) are both arranged inside the frame cover assembly (3); The frame cover assembly (3) is used for protecting equipment and providing a position fixing support surface for the retractable cooperative protection assembly (5) and the capsule guide anti-damage assembly (6); The stabilizing impact reduction component (4) is used to reduce the deformation impact caused by the longitudinal external force on the frame cover component (3), thereby reducing the deviation of the spliced cover body caused thereby; The retractable cooperative protection component (5) is used to provide convenient protection for the equipment; The capsule guiding and anti-damage component (6) is used for guiding the moving capsule and for assisting equipment buffering.

2. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction according to claim 1, wherein: The surveying and mapping group (2) comprises a main arm shaft (201) fixedly connected to the bottom of the surveying and mapping drone body (1); the bottom end of the main arm shaft (201) is rotatably connected to an auxiliary arm shaft (202); and the auxiliary arm shaft (202) is rotatably connected to a surveyor (203).

3. The surveying and mapping UAV for civil engineering construction according to claim 2, wherein: The frame cover assembly (3) comprises a side wall plate (301) located on the side of the surveyor (203), a connecting horizontal bar (304) is fixedly connected to the side wall plate (301), an outer protective bar (302) is fixedly connected to the connecting horizontal bar (304), and an inner protective bar (303) is fixedly connected to the outer protective bar (302).

4. The mapping drone for civil engineering construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stable impact reduction component (4) comprises a first outward expansion strip (401) fixedly connected to the end face of the side wall plate (301), the inner end of the first outward expansion strip (401) being fixedly connected to a wavy plug strip (402), the side wall plate (301) being symmetrically provided with a group of second outward expansion strips (403) fixedly connected to one side of the first outward expansion strip (401) and located on the other side wall plate (301), and the second outward expansion strip (403) being provided with a wavy groove (404).

5. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction according to claim 3, wherein: The retractable cooperative protection component (5) includes an axle A (501) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side wall plate (301), an airbag sheet (502) fixedly connected to the axle A (501), a pulling belt (503) fixedly connected to the end of the airbag sheet (502) away from the axle A (501), a storage bin (504) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the side wall plate (301), an axle B (505) rotatably connected in the storage bin (504), and an end of the pulling belt (503) away from the airbag sheet (502) is wrapped around the axle B (505).

6. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction according to claim 5, wherein: A recessed annular groove (506) is provided on the shaft rod A (501), and a through air inlet hole (507) is provided on the shaft rod A (501) at the position where the recessed annular groove (506) is located. A ring-shaped member (508) is slidably connected to the recessed annular groove (506), and a pump air pipe (509) is fixedly connected to the ring-shaped member (508).

7. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction according to claim 3, wherein: The bladder guiding and anti-damage assembly (6) includes a buffer spring (601) fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cross bar (304). The bottom end of the buffer spring (601) is fixedly connected to a bent bar (602). The top end of the bent bar (602) is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the connecting cross bar (304), and an elliptical spring plate (603) is fixedly connected to the bent bar (602).

8. The surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: A mechanical deformation buffer layer is formed between the outer protection strip (302) and the inner protection strip (303).

9. A surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for civil engineering construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The interior of the shaft rod A (501) is in a hollow state, and one end of the air bladder piece (502) is communicated with the hollow interior of the shaft rod A (501).

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