Solar interface evaporation seawater desalination device

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar energy interface evaporation seawater desalination plant, and relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, the solar energy interface evaporation seawater desalination plant comprises a raw water tank, a fresh water tank and an evaporation cover covering the raw water tank, the raw water tank is internally provided with a light absorption evaporation member floating on the water surface, the top surface of the evaporation cover is a light condensation cover plate, and the evaporation cover is connected with a drainage member and a condensation assembly; the drainage piece and the condensation assembly are both connected with the fresh water tank and used for guiding condensate water to the fresh water tank. Seawater is guided into the raw water tank and irradiated by light rays, the light rays are converged and irradiated to the light absorption evaporation part under the action of the light condensation cover plate, the seawater is subjected to heat exchange at the light absorption evaporation part so as to be evaporated, and a part of water vapor is condensed after touching the inner top wall of the light condensation cover plate and enters the fresh water tank through the drainage part to be stored; and the other part of water vapor is condensed by the condensation assembly and then enters the fresh water tank to be stored, so that the probability that the water vapor is condensed and converged on the condensation cover plate to block light rays is reduced, and the seawater desalination efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, and more particularly to a solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device. Background Art

[0002] Solar interfacial evaporation is a new seawater desalination technology with simple equipment, low cost, and no need to consume fossil energy, which is green and environmentally friendly. In recent years, it has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies to replace traditional seawater desalination technologies. Although this technology performs well in terms of energy consumption, its water production is lower than some other technologies. Considering that the water production in solar interfacial evaporation technology directly depends on the evaporation rate, many researchers have focused on developing photothermal materials that can achieve higher evaporation efficiency, but have paid insufficient attention to how to improve the device design of the entire system, resulting in the water production efficiency of existing devices not reaching the optimal state.

[0003] In the related art, reference can be made to the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement number CN222647694U, which discloses a seawater desalination device mainly including a water storage tank for storing seawater, a condensation device, a sealed condensation port, a waterproof and moisture-permeable film layer for passing water vapor, a photothermal fabric layer covering the waterproof and moisture-permeable film layer, and a light-transmitting glass layer attached above the photothermal fabric layer and covering the area where the waterproof and moisture-permeable film layer is located, etc.

[0004] Placing the above seawater desalination device under natural light, the seawater is adsorbed by the photothermal fabric and quickly spreads over the entire fabric through the inflow area. The sunlight enters the photothermal area of the photothermal fabric through the top light-transmitting glass layer, the photothermal fabric layer quickly heats up, and evaporates the seawater moisture on its surface, so that the steam passes through the lower part of the photothermal area and enters the condensation cavity of the condensation device through the waterproof and moisture-permeable film for condensation.

[0005] When the water evaporates, part of the water vapor rises and gradually gathers on the top glass layer after encountering the top area, and the hot steam does not quickly drip from the light-transmitting glass layer after condensing into a liquid state, which will block the sun's rays. Moreover, the sunlight source of this device is only the light-transmitting glass area at its top, so the efficiency of the seawater desalination device is reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to improve the efficiency of seawater desalination, the present invention provides a solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device.

[0007] The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device provided by the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A solar interface evaporation seawater desalination device, comprising a raw water tank, a fresh water tank and an evaporation cover covering the raw water tank. An absorbent evaporation member floating on the water surface is provided in the raw water tank. The top surface of the evaporation cover is a condenser cover plate, and the condenser cover plate is located above the absorbent evaporation member and is used to converge light onto the absorbent evaporation member. A diversion member for diverting condensed water and a condensation assembly for condensing water vapor are connected to the evaporation cover, and both the diversion member and the condensation assembly are connected to the fresh water tank and are used to guide the condensed water to the fresh water tank.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, seawater is introduced into the raw water tank and placed under light irradiation. Under the action of the condenser cover plate, the light converges and irradiates onto the absorbent evaporation member. The seawater undergoes heat exchange at the absorbent evaporation member and thus evaporates. The water vapor spreads upward. Part of the water vapor condenses after hitting the inner top wall of the condenser cover plate and enters the fresh water tank for storage through the diversion member, and the other part of the water vapor is condensed by the condensation assembly and then enters the fresh water tank for storage. The diversion member and the condensation assembly collect and process the water vapor and condensed water in the evaporation cover, reducing the probability that the condensed water condenses and accumulates on the condenser cover plate to block the light, thereby improving the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0010] Optionally, a condenser is provided on the raw water tank for converging light onto the absorbent evaporation member. The condenser is a reflector, and the reflector is provided on the outer side wall of the raw water tank and is located below the absorbent evaporation member and is used to collect and reflect the light onto the absorbent evaporation member.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the reflector collects the light covering the side of the raw water tank and reflects the light onto the absorbent evaporation member, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight and thus improving the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0012] Optionally, a plurality of reflectors are provided, and the plurality of reflectors are vertically spaced on the outer side wall of the raw water tank.

[0013] Optionally, the reflector has a V-shaped structure with the tip facing down, and the included angle of the V-shaped structure of the reflector is 90°-150°.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, increasing the number of reflectors and adjusting the structure and angle of the reflectors, etc., to increase the utilization rate of sunlight, thereby improving the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0015] Optionally, the inner top wall of the condenser cover plate has an inclined surface for guiding condensed water.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, part of the condensed water flows from the upper end to the lower end along the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate after condensation, thereby reducing the probability that the condensed water condenses and accumulates on the condenser cover plate to block the light.

[0017] Optionally, the included angle between the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate and the horizontal plane is 20°-45°.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, if the angle of the included angle is too low, a large amount of water vapor will condense at its bottom and cannot enter the drainage member in time by gravity. If the angle is too high, a large amount of materials will be consumed, increasing the cost. And since the height of the evaporation hood will not increase infinitely, considering comprehensively, the inclination angle is limited to 20°-45° to facilitate the diversion of condensed water.

[0019] Optionally, the fresh water tank is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the original water tank, the drainage member is a drainage plate, the drainage plate is fixedly arranged on the inner bottom wall of the original water tank and extends vertically upward, the upper end of the drainage plate extends into the evaporation hood and is located below the lower end of the condenser cover plate, a drainage channel for condensed water to flow through is provided between the drainage plate and the inner wall of the original water tank, the upper end of the drainage channel is communicated with the lower end of the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate, and the lower end of the original water tank has a communication port for communicating the drainage channel and the fresh water tank.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the water vapor rises, condenses after encountering the inner top wall of the condenser cover plate, slides down from the upper end to the lower end along the inclined surface and then enters the drainage channel, and the condensed water flows into the fresh water tank through the drainage channel and the communication port. At the same time, the waste heat carried by the condensed water exchanges heat with the seawater in the original water tank through the drainage plate, thereby improving the thermal energy utilization efficiency and thus improving the efficiency of seawater desalination.

[0021] Optionally, the condensation assembly includes:

[0022] An air guide pipe, the air guide pipe is arranged on the evaporation hood and is arc-shaped, the upper end of the air guide pipe extends into the evaporation hood and is communicated with the upper end of the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate, and the lower end of the air guide pipe extends into the original water tank and is located below the light-absorbing evaporation member;

[0023] A condensation pipe, the condensation pipe is arranged in the original water tank and the upper end is connected to the lower end of the air guide pipe, the condensation pipe extends downward and the lower end is communicated with the fresh water tank through a connecting pipe.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the water vapor moves upward and enters the condensation pipe through the air guide pipe, and the water vapor exchanges heat with the seawater in the original water tank through the condensation pipe, thereby condensing into condensed water and flowing into the fresh water tank through the connecting pipe for storage, thus improving the efficiency of seawater desalination.

[0025] Optionally, the condensation pipe is spiral and the number of spiral turns is not less than three.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the condensation pipe with water vapor is fully in contact with the water in the original water tank, which not only improves the condensation effect on the water vapor, but also uses the waste heat during the condensation of the water vapor to heat the water body, so the condensation efficiency of the system is improved.

[0027] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] 1. Seawater is introduced into the raw water tank and placed under light irradiation. Under the action of the condenser cover plate, the light converges and irradiates the light-absorbing evaporation component. Heat exchange occurs at the light-absorbing evaporation component, causing the seawater to evaporate. The water vapor spreads upward. Part of the water vapor condenses after hitting the inner top wall of the condenser cover plate and enters the fresh water tank for storage through the drainage component, and another part of the water vapor is condensed by the condensation component and then enters the fresh water tank for storage. The drainage component and the condensation component collect and process the water vapor and condensed water in the evaporation hood, reducing the probability of the water vapor condensing and converging on the condenser cover plate to block the light, thereby improving the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0029] 2. The utilization rate of sunlight is improved through the cooperation of the condenser cover plate and the reflector, thereby improving the efficiency of seawater desalination.

[0030] 3. After heat exchange through the light-absorbing evaporation component, the water becomes water vapor. Part of the water vapor adheres to the condenser cover plate and condenses, and then flows into the drainage channel from the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate under the action of gravity and finally enters the fresh water tank. Another part of the water vapor flows through the air duct to the condenser tube. The water vapor in the condenser tube condenses into a liquid state by contacting the seawater in the raw water tank and finally flows into the fresh water tank through the connecting tube, thereby reducing the probability of the water vapor condensing and converging on the condenser cover plate to block the light, and improving the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0031] 4. Through the integrated design of seawater evaporation-condensation, the present device shortens the process of seawater desalination, and only needs to utilize solar energy during operation without the need to forcibly install ventilation equipment inside the device. Therefore, it can realize a fully automatic seawater desalination process in areas with power shortages, providing a potential solution for the large-scale application of seawater desalination interfacial evaporation. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present application in the front view direction;

[0033] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present application in the side view direction;

[0034] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present application in the top view direction;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the reflection of light by the reflector in the present application, where the arrow direction represents the light irradiation direction.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1, original water tank; 11, water inlet pipe; 12, reflector; 13, original water space; 14, drainage channel; 15, communication port; 2, fresh water tank; 21, connecting pipe; 22, water outlet pipe; 3, evaporation cover; 31, condenser cover plate; 4, light absorption evaporation member; 5, drainage plate; 6, condensation assembly; 61, air guide pipe; 62, condenser pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The following further elaborates on this application Figures 1 - 4 in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] An embodiment of this application discloses a solar interface evaporation seawater desalination device.

[0039] Referring to Figure 1 , a solar interface evaporation seawater desalination device includes an original water tank 1, a fresh water tank 2, and an evaporation cover 3 covering the original water tank 1.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the original water tank 1 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fresh water tank 2. In this embodiment, both the original water tank 1 and the fresh water tank 2 are square and their projections in the vertical direction overlap. The outer wall of the original water tank 1 has a water inlet pipe 11 for introducing seawater. The upper end of the original water tank 1 is open. The evaporation cover 3 is in the shape of a cover and the bottom open end communicates with the upper end of the original water tank 1.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a light absorption evaporation member 4 floating on the water surface is arranged in the original water tank 1. In this embodiment, the light absorption evaporation member 4 adopts the three-dimensional modified polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with the application number 202411653876.6 by the applicant. The bottom end of the three-dimensional modified polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel is placed below the water surface, and the top end is above the water surface and is used to receive sunlight and heat to evaporate water; in other feasible embodiments, the light absorption evaporation member 4 can be any material with photothermal conversion, such as graphene, etc.

[0042] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the top surface of the evaporation cover 3 is a condenser cover plate 31. The condenser cover plate 31 is located above the light absorption evaporation member 4 and is used to converge light onto the light absorption evaporation member 4. The inner top wall of the condenser cover plate 31 has an inclined surface for guiding the condensed water. The included angle between the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate 31 and the horizontal plane is between 20° - 45°. In this embodiment, the included angle is 30°.

[0043] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4, a condenser is provided on the original water tank 1 for converging light onto the light-absorbing evaporation member 4. The condenser is a reflector 12. There are multiple reflectors 12. In this embodiment, the multiple reflectors 12 are divided into two groups and are respectively provided on the two opposite outer side walls of the original water tank 1. The multiple reflectors 12 are vertically spaced apart. The reflector 12 has a V-shaped structure with the tip facing downwards. The included angle of the V-shaped structure of the reflector 12 is between 90° and 150°. In this embodiment, the included angle is 120°; the multiple reflectors 12 are all located below the light-absorbing evaporation member 4 and are used to converge and reflect light onto the light-absorbing evaporation member 4.

[0044] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a drainage member for draining condensed water and a condensation assembly 6 for condensing water vapor are connected to the evaporation cover 3. Both the drainage member and the condensation assembly 6 are connected to the fresh water tank 2 and are used to guide the condensed water to the fresh water tank 2.

[0045] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the drainage member is a drainage plate 5. The drainage plate 5 is fixedly provided on the inner bottom wall of the original water tank 1 and extends vertically upwards. The upper end of the drainage plate 5 extends into the evaporation cover 3 and is located below the lower end of the condenser cover plate 31. The drainage plate 5 divides the inside of the original water tank 1 into an original water space 13 and a drainage channel 14. The original water space 13 is used to temporarily store seawater. The light-absorbing evaporation member 4 is provided in the original water space 13. The drainage channel 14 is used for the condensed water to flow through. The upper end of the drainage channel 14 is communicated with the lower end of the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate 31. The lower end of the original water tank 1 has a communication port 15 communicating the drainage channel 14 and the fresh water tank 2.

[0046] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the condensation assembly 6 includes an air guide pipe 61 and a condensation pipe 62. The air guide pipe 61 is provided on the outer side wall of the evaporation cover 3 and is arc-shaped. The upper end of the air guide pipe 61 extends into the evaporation cover 3 and is communicated with the upper end of the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate 31. The lower end of the air guide pipe 61 extends into the original water space 13 and is located below the light-absorbing evaporation member 4.

[0047] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the condensation pipe 62 is provided in the original water space 13 and extends spirally downwards. The upper end of the condensation pipe 62 is connected to the lower end of the air guide pipe 61. The lower end of the condensation pipe 62 is communicated with the fresh water tank 2 through a connecting pipe 21. The number of spiral turns of the condensation pipe 62 is not less than three turns. In this embodiment, four turns are adopted. The outer side wall of the fresh water tank 2 has a water outlet pipe 22.

[0048] Refer to Figure 1, in this embodiment, the raw water tank 1, the fresh water tank 2, the evaporation hood 3, the condenser cover plate 31, and the drainage plate 5 are all made of highly transparent glass plates. The so-called "condensing" here refers to the condensing effect formed by the inclined cover plate through the refraction and reflection of light. The air duct 61 and the condensing pipe 62 are both made of aluminum pipes, and the reflecting plate 12 is made of an aluminized glass plate. In other feasible embodiments, the raw water tank 1, the fresh water tank 2, the evaporation hood 3, the condenser cover plate 31, and the drainage plate 5 can also be made of transparent acrylic plates instead. The air duct 61 and the condensing pipe 62 can be replaced by copper pipes, and the reflecting plate 12 can be replaced by any other material with condensing and reflecting properties.

[0049] The working principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0050] The seawater is introduced into the raw water tank 1 and placed under light irradiation. The utilization rate of sunlight is improved through the cooperation of the condenser cover plate 31 and the reflecting plate 12. Under the action of the condenser cover plate 31 and the reflecting plate 12, the light converges and irradiates on the light-absorbing evaporation component 4. The seawater undergoes heat exchange at the light-absorbing evaporation component 4 and thus evaporates. The water vapor spreads upward. Part of the water vapor adheres to the condenser cover plate 31 and condenses, and then flows into the drainage channel 14 from the inclined surface of the condenser cover plate 31 under the action of gravity, and finally enters the fresh water tank 2. Another part of the water vapor flows to the condensing pipe 62 through the air duct 61. The water vapor in the condensing pipe 62 condenses into a liquid state by contacting the seawater in the raw water tank 1, and finally flows into the fresh water tank 2 through the connecting pipe 21, thereby reducing the probability that the water vapor condenses and accumulates on the condenser cover plate 31 to block the light, and thus improving the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0051] Through the integrated design of seawater evaporation and condensation, this device shortens the process of seawater desalination, and only needs to utilize solar energy during operation without the need to forcibly install ventilation equipment inside the device. Therefore, it can realize a fully automatic seawater desalination process in areas with power shortages, providing a potential solution for the large-scale application of seawater desalination interface evaporation.

[0052] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited by this. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device, characterized in that: It includes an original water tank (1), a fresh water tank (2), and an evaporation cover (3) covering the original water tank (1). An optical absorption evaporation member (4) floating on the water surface is provided in the original water tank (1). The top surface of the evaporation cover (3) is a light-concentrating cover plate (31). The light-concentrating cover plate (31) is located above the optical absorption evaporation member (4) and is used to converge light onto the optical absorption evaporation member (4). A drainage member for draining condensed water and a condensation assembly (6) for condensing water vapor are connected to the evaporation cover (3). Both the drainage member and the condensation assembly (6) are connected to the fresh water tank (2) and are used to guide the condensed water to the fresh water tank (2).

2. The solar interface evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 1, wherein: A light-concentrating member for converging light onto the optical absorption evaporation member (4) is provided on the original water tank (1). The light-concentrating member is a reflector (12). The reflector (12) is provided on the outer side wall of the original water tank (1) and is located below the optical absorption evaporation member (4) and is used to gather and reflect light to the optical absorption evaporation member (4).

3. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are multiple reflectors (12). The multiple reflectors (12) are vertically spaced on the outer side wall of the original water tank (1).

4. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 2, wherein: The reflector (12) has a V-shaped structure with the tip facing downwards. The included angle of the V-shaped structure of the reflector (12) is 90° - 150°.

5. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner top wall of the light-concentrating cover plate (31) has an inclined surface for guiding condensed water.

6. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 5, wherein: The included angle between the inclined surface of the light-concentrating cover plate (31) and the horizontal plane is 20° - 45°.

7. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fresh water tank (2) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the original water tank (1). The drainage member is a drainage plate (5). The drainage plate (5) is fixedly provided on the inner bottom wall of the original water tank (1) and extends vertically upwards. The upper end of the drainage plate (5) extends into the evaporation cover (3) and is located below the lower end of the light-concentrating cover plate (31). A drainage channel (14) for condensed water to flow through is provided between the drainage plate (5) and the inner wall of the original water tank (1). The upper end of the drainage channel (14) is communicated with the lower end of the inclined surface of the light-concentrating cover plate (31). A communication port (15) for communicating the drainage channel (14) and the fresh water tank (2) is provided at the lower end of the original water tank (1).

8. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 7, wherein: The condensation assembly (6) includes: A gas guide pipe (61). The gas guide pipe (61) is provided on the evaporation cover (3) and is arc-shaped. The upper end of the gas guide pipe (61) extends into the evaporation cover (3) and is communicated with the upper end of the inclined surface of the light-concentrating cover plate (31). The lower end of the gas guide pipe (61) extends into the original water tank (1) and is located below the optical absorption evaporation member (4). A condensation pipe (62). The condensation pipe (62) is provided in the original water tank (1) and the upper end is connected to the lower end of the gas guide pipe (61). The condensation pipe (62) extends downwards and the lower end is communicated with the fresh water tank (2) through a connecting pipe (21).

9. The solar interfacial evaporation seawater desalination device according to claim 8, wherein: The condensation pipe (62) is spiral-shaped and the number of spiral turns is not less than three.

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