Feces treatment device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of manure microbial agent decomposition, and mainly relates to a manure treatment device which comprises a floating plate, a rotating plate rotatably mounted on the floating plate, a liquid storage cylinder mounted on the floating plate and used for storing a microbial agent, and a liquid discharge pipe fixed on the floating plate, a quantitative liquid discharging mechanism used for discharging a microbial agent is installed in the liquid discharging pipe and fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder through a hose, the linkage part is fixed to the floating plate and matched with the rotating plate, the adjusting part is installed on the floating plate, the rotating plate is driven by the adjusting part to rotate in a reciprocating mode, and the quantitative liquid discharging mechanism is used for discharging the microbial agent and fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder through a hose. According to the device, the liquid discharge pipe can uniformly move to each area of the treatment pond in a manner that the floating plate is pulled by the pulling rope to move on the excrement, and then the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism and the rotating plate are used for triggering, so that a microbial agent is uniformly discharged into the excrement, and the treatment of organic matters in the excrement is more efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of decomposition of manure microbial agents, and specifically to a manure treatment device. Background Art

[0002] Manure refers to a mixture of feces, urine, and sewage generated during the breeding process of livestock and poultry, such as when flushing the pens.

[0003] The liquid content in manure is generally above 70%. Since manure contains abundant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as a large amount of organic matter, in order to protect the environment and utilize waste, livestock and poultry farms are equipped with relevant treatment ponds for manure processing. By transporting manure to the treatment ponds for aerobic fermentation, however, due to the complex organic matter in manure, such as proteins, cellulose, and fats, the decomposition efficiency is low, resulting in a relatively long fermentation time. Therefore, relevant microbial flora need to be added to manure to promote the decomposition of substances in manure. Conventionally, the microbial flora is directly poured into the treatment ponds by personnel according to a certain proportion. However, due to the certain solid content in manure, the fluidity of manure is poor, resulting in poor and uneven dispersion of the poured microbial flora, and low decomposition efficiency of the organic matter in the manure in the treatment ponds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a manure treatment device to solve the problem of poor dispersion effect and low decomposition efficiency of organic matter when the microbial agent is directly put in as mentioned in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A manure treatment device includes a floating plate, a towing rope is installed on the floating plate, and further includes a rotating plate rotatably installed on the floating plate. A liquid storage cylinder for storing microbial agents is installed on the floating plate. A drain pipe is fixed on the floating plate, and a quantitative liquid discharge mechanism for discharging microbial agents is installed in the drain pipe. The quantitative liquid discharge mechanism is fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder through a hose, and a linkage part fixed on the floating plate, the linkage part is adapted to the rotating plate, and an adjusting part installed on the floating plate, and the rotating plate is driven to rotate reciprocally by the adjusting part.

[0006] Preferably, the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism includes a fixed pipe fixed at the bottom of the drain pipe and a sliding pipe slidably inserted into the fixed pipe. Liquid guide pipes are fixedly communicated with the bottom of the fixed pipe and the top of the sliding pipe respectively. A one-way liquid flow member is installed in the liquid guide pipe. A return spring is installed between the fixed pipe and the sliding pipe. The liquid guide pipe located above is fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder through a hose.

[0007] Preferably, the unidirectional flow liquid member includes a counteracting ring fixed inside the liquid guide pipe, a counteracting plate fixed inside the liquid guide pipe, and a plug column slidably inserted into the counteracting plate. A sealing ball that fits against the counteracting ring is fixed to the outer end of the plug column, and a compression spring that abuts against the sealing ball and the counteracting plate is sleeved outside the plug column.

[0008] Preferably, the adjusting part includes an adjusting motor fixed on the floating plate through a motor bracket. An adjusting cam that fits against the bottom of the rotating plate is fixed to the output end of the adjusting motor. Pressing members are installed on the floating plate corresponding to both ends of the rotating plate, and contact rods adapted to the linkage part are fixed to both ends of the rotating plate.

[0009] Preferably, the pressing member includes a lower pressing plate. A plug rod fixed to the floating plate is slidably inserted into the lower pressing plate. A tension spring fixed to the lower pressing plate and the floating plate is sleeved outside the plug rod, and the lower pressing plate fits against the outer end of the rotating plate.

[0010] Preferably, the linkage part includes a linkage ring. The linkage ring is slidably inserted into the drain pipe and sleeved outside the liquid guide pipe. A linkage plate is fixed to the outside of the linkage ring, and a contact plate adapted to the contact rod is fixed to the top of the linkage plate. A threaded rod fixed to the floating plate is slidably inserted into the contact plate, and a counteracting cap is threadedly inserted onto the threaded rod.

[0011] Preferably, an aerator is installed on the floating plate. An air inlet pipe is fixed to one end of the aerator, and an air outlet pipe is fixed to the other end. Two aeration pipes are fixed to the outer end of the air outlet pipe through a three-way port. The two aeration pipes are fixedly penetrated through the floating plate and extend into the fecal sewage, and an aeration member is fixed to the outer end of the aeration pipe.

[0012] Preferably, a flexible pipe is provided at a position corresponding to the lower pressing plate on the aeration pipe. A fitting plate that fits against the outside of the flexible pipe is fixed to the top of the plug column, and a pressing plate is fixed to the top of the lower pressing plate.

[0013] Preferably, the aeration member includes a docking plate fixed to the bottom of the aeration pipe. A telescopic pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the docking plate, and an aeration disc is fixed to the bottom of the telescopic pipe. An adjusting rod is fixed to the outer edge of the aeration disc, and an arc-shaped opening adapted to the adjusting rod is formed in the docking plate. An arc-shaped plate adapted to the arc-shaped opening is fixed to the top of the adjusting rod.

[0014] Preferably, a piston ring that fits against the inner wall of the fixed pipe is fixed to the outside of the sliding pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] In the present invention, by pulling the traction rope to move the floating board on the fecal sewage, the drain pipe can be evenly moved to each area of the treatment tank, and then, by triggering the quantitative drainage mechanism and the rotating plate, microbial agents can be evenly discharged into the fecal sewage, making the treatment of organic matter in the fecal sewage more efficient.

[0017] The aeration device added in the present invention can aerate the fecal sewage when microbial agents are input, further promoting the contact and decomposition between the microbial agents and the fecal sewage. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention and the low-voltage cable buckling;

[0019] Figure 2 Top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 Rear view of the partial cross-section of the floating board of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the docking of the air outlet pipe and the aeration pipe of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 For Figure 4 Enlarged view of part A in

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the lower pressing plate and the contact rod of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the aeration part of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the linkage part of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 Rear view of the partial cross-section of the quantitative drainage mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1, floating board; 2, rotating board; 3, liquid storage cylinder; 4, drain pipe; 5, quantitative liquid discharge mechanism; 6, linkage part; 7, adjustment part; 8, fixed pipe; 9, sliding pipe; 10, liquid guide pipe; 11, one-way liquid flow part; 12, return spring; 13, abutting ring; 14, abutting plate; 15, inserting column; 16, sealing ball; 17, extrusion spring; 18, adjustment motor; 19, adjustment cam; 20, pressing part; 21, contact rod; 22, lower pressing plate; 23, inserting rod; 24, pulling spring; 25, linkage ring; 26, linkage plate; 27, contact plate; 28, threaded rod; 29, abutting cap; 30, aerator; 31, air outlet pipe; 32, aeration pipe; 33, aeration part; 34, flexible pipe; 35, fitting plate; 36, extrusion plate; 37, docking plate; 38, telescopic pipe; 39, aeration disc; 40, adjustment rod; 41, arc-shaped opening; 42, arc-shaped plate; 43, piston ring. Detailed implementation mode

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 6 , a manure treatment device shown in the figure, including a floating board 1, a towing rope is installed on the floating board 1, and further includes a rotating board 2 rotatably installed on the floating board 1. A liquid storage cylinder 3 for storing microbial agents is installed on the floating board 1. A drain pipe 4 is fixed on the floating board 1. A quantitative liquid discharge mechanism 5 for discharging microbial agents is installed in the drain pipe 4. The quantitative liquid discharge mechanism 5 is fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder 3 through a hose, and a linkage part 6 fixed on the floating board 1, the linkage part 6 is adapted to the rotating board 2, one end of the linkage part 6 extends into the drain pipe 4 and contacts the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism 5, and an adjustment part 7 installed on the floating board 1, the rotating board 2 is driven to rotate reciprocally by the adjustment part 7;

[0030] In this solution, the designed adjustment part 7 drives the rotating board 2 to rotate reciprocally, thereby driving the linkage part 6 to trigger the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism 5 to perform quantitative liquid discharge. Cooperating with the operator pulling the towing rope on the treatment tank to drive the floating board 1 to move uniformly in each area of the treatment tank, so as to be able to evenly put microbial agents and improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matter in the manure.

[0031] Further, refer to Figure 1 - Figure 6 And Figure 8 And Figure 9, the metering liquid discharge mechanism 5 includes a fixed pipe 8 fixed to the bottom of the liquid discharge pipe 4 and a sliding pipe 9 slidably inserted into the fixed pipe 8. Liquid guide pipes 10 are fixedly communicated with the bottom of the fixed pipe 8 and the top of the sliding pipe 9 respectively. A one-way liquid flow member 11 is installed in the liquid guide pipe 10. A return spring 12 is installed between the fixed pipe 8 and the sliding pipe 9. The liquid guide pipe 10 located above is fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder 3 through a hose;

[0032] Among them, the one-way liquid flow member 11 includes a resisting ring 13 fixed in the liquid guide pipe 10. A resisting plate 14 is fixed in the liquid guide pipe 10. A plug post 15 is slidably inserted into the resisting plate 14. A sealing ball 16 that fits against the resisting ring 13 is fixed to the outer end of the plug post 15. A compression spring 17 that abuts against the sealing ball 16 and the resisting plate 14 is sleeved outside the plug post 15;

[0033] At the same time, the linkage part 6 includes a linkage ring 25. The linkage ring 25 is slidably inserted into the liquid discharge pipe 4 and sleeved outside the liquid guide pipe 10. A linkage plate 26 is fixed to the outside of the linkage ring 25. A contact plate 27 is fixed to the top of the linkage plate 26. A threaded rod 28 fixed to the floating plate 1 is slidably inserted into the contact plate 27. A resisting cap 29 is threadedly inserted onto the threaded rod 28.

[0034] In this solution, the principle of using the linkage part 6 to drive the metering liquid discharge mechanism 5 to quantitatively discharge the microbial inoculant:

[0035] First of all, the adjustment part 7 is used to drive the rotating plate 2 to perform corresponding reciprocating rotations, so that the contact plate 27 moves downward correspondingly, realizing the drive of the linkage plate 26 and the linkage ring 25 to move downward. The linkage ring 25 moves in the liquid discharge pipe 4, squeezing the sliding pipe 9 to move, so that the space between the fixed pipe 8 and the sliding pipe 9 is reduced, and the internal pressure increases, thereby squeezing the one-way liquid flow member 11 below, so that the sealing ball 16 below is separated from the resisting ring 13, so that the internal microbial inoculant is discharged outward. When the rotating plate 2 moves upward, at this time, the contact plate 27 is no longer squeezed. Thus, under the action of the return spring 12, the sliding pipe 9 is pushed upward, so that the linkage ring 25 moves upward. At this time, the one-way liquid flow member 11 above will attract the sealing ball 16 downward under the action of the internal pressure, so that the sealing ball 16 is separated from the resisting ring 13, and through the hose, liquid is absorbed from the liquid storage cylinder 3 and replenished into the space between the fixed pipe 8 and the sliding pipe 9 for the next round of liquid discharge;

[0036] In this solution, the contact plate 27 is slidably sleeved outside the threaded rod 28 and abuts against the contact plate 27 through the resisting cap 29, so that the position where the contact plate 27 moves upward can be controlled. When different liquid discharge amounts are required, only the resisting cap 29 needs to be rotated to control the amount of liquid discharged, making the input of the microbial inoculant more accurate.

[0037] Further, refer to Figure 3 - Figure 6, the adjusting part 7 includes an adjusting motor 18 fixed on the floating plate 1 through a motor bracket. An adjusting cam 19 is fixed to the output end of the adjusting motor 18 and is in contact with the bottom of the rotating plate 2. Pressing members 20 are installed on the floating plate 1 corresponding to both ends of the rotating plate 2. Contact rods 21 adapted to the linkage part 6 are fixed to both ends of the rotating plate 2;

[0038] Among them, the pressing member 20 includes a lower pressing plate 22. A plug rod 23 fixed to the floating plate 1 is slidably inserted into the lower pressing plate 22. A tension spring 24 fixed to both the lower pressing plate 22 and the floating plate 1 is sleeved outside the plug rod 23. The lower pressing plate 22 is in contact with the outer end of the rotating plate 2.

[0039] In this solution, driven by the adjusting motor 18, the adjusting cam 19 rotates correspondingly, driving one end of the rotating plate 2 to tilt up and the other end to press down. When the pressing end abuts against the contact plate 27, the contact plate 27 can be driven to move down correspondingly, squeezing the sliding tube 9, so that the internal microbial agent is discharged. When the adjusting cam 19 continues to rotate and cooperates with the pulling of the tension spring 24 in the pressing member 20 to pull the lower pressing plate 22 down, the tilted end of the rotating plate 2 is pressed to move down, enabling the rotating plate 2 to rotate reciprocally stably, with both ends continuously moving up and down, and performing a cyclic pressing operation on the contact plate 27.

[0040] It should also be noted that in this solution, in order to ensure the stability of the air pressure adjustment between the sliding tube 9 and the fixed tube 8, a piston ring 43 that fits against the inner wall of the fixed tube 8 is fixed to the outside of the sliding tube 9 to prevent air leakage through the gap between them.

[0041] In this solution, the specific process of uniformly injecting the microbial agent into the manure in the treatment tank includes the following steps:

[0042] First step, the personnel first prepare the microbial agent according to the ratio and put the microbial agent into the liquid storage cylinder 3. At the same time, adjust the position of the counterweight cap 29 to control the liquid discharge amount;

[0043] Second step, place the floating plate 1 on the manure in the treatment tank and move it uniformly in the treatment tank by pulling the towing rope at both ends by the personnel;

[0044] Third step, during the movement, through the joint cooperation of the adjusting part 7, the linkage part 6 and the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism 5, the quantitative discharge of the microbial agent is realized.

[0045] This solution adopts the method of quantitative multi-point discharge of the microbial agent. Compared with the traditional method of putting the microbial agent into the treatment tank, the distribution of the microbial agent is more uniform and dispersed, which helps to quickly decompose the organic matter in the manure in the treatment tank and improve the fermentation efficiency.

[0046] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 4 And Figure 7, This embodiment further elaborates on the first embodiment. The difference lies in the addition of aeration-related equipment, enabling corresponding aeration in the fecal sewage when the microbial inoculum is discharged, which can improve the outward dispersion effect of the inoculum and contribute to the uniform decomposition of the fecal sewage.

[0047] Specifically, an aerator 30 is installed on the floating plate 1. One end of the aerator 30 is fixed with an intake pipe, and the other end is fixed with an outlet pipe 31. The outer end of the outlet pipe 31 is fixed with two aeration pipes 32 through a three-way port. The two aeration pipes 32 are fixedly penetrated through the floating plate 1 and extend into the fecal sewage. The outer end of the aeration pipe 32 is fixed with an aeration member 33;

[0048] Among them, the aeration member 33 includes a docking plate 37 fixed to the bottom of the aeration pipe 32. The bottom of the docking plate 37 is fixedly connected with a telescopic pipe 38. The bottom of the telescopic pipe 38 is fixed with an aeration disc 39. The aeration disc 39 is an existing component. The main principle of aeration is that there are tiny pores in the aeration disc 39. When under air pressure, the aeration disc 39 expands, so that the tiny pores open for air exhaust. When the air pressure decreases, the aeration disc 39 returns to its original state and the pores retract, which can effectively prevent foreign substances from entering the inside. An adjusting rod 40 is fixed to the outer edge of the aeration disc 39. An arc-shaped opening 41 adapted to the adjusting rod 40 is formed on the docking plate 37. The top of the adjusting rod 40 is fixed with an arc-shaped plate 42 adapted to the arc-shaped opening 41. The design of the arc-shaped plate 42 enables the arc-shaped plate 42 to rotate correspondingly along the arc-shaped opening 41 when passing through the arc-shaped opening 41;

[0049] At the same time, a flexible pipe 34 is provided on the aeration pipe 32 at the position corresponding to the lower pressing plate 22. The top of the insertion post 15 is fixed with a fitting plate 35 that fits against the outer side of the flexible pipe 34. The top of the lower pressing plate 22 is fixed with a pressing plate 36.

[0050] It should be noted that when the two ends of the rotating plate 2 reciprocally tilt up and down, it will drive the corresponding upward movement of the lower pressing plate 22, so that the pressing plate 36 abuts against the flexible pipe 34, thereby closing one end of the aeration pipe 32, reducing the air pressure in the corresponding aeration member 33, increasing the air pressure in the other aeration pipe 32, causing the telescopic pipe 38 to extend outwards, thereby pushing the aeration disc 39 downwards. During the downward movement, it will drive the adjusting rod 40 to move along the arc-shaped opening 41. Under the action of the arc-shaped plate 42, the aeration disc 39 rotates and moves downwards, enabling the bubbles generated by aeration to effectively drive the microbial inoculum to spread outwards, which helps to improve the decomposition efficiency of the organic matter in the fecal sewage;

[0051] When the aeration pipe 32 is squeezed and closed, the telescopic pipe 38 is elastically retracted by itself, then rotates and moves upwards, and starts the next round of rotational downward movement aeration operation with the reciprocating rotation of the rotating plate 2.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0053] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A manure treatment device, comprising: A floating plate (1), on which a towing rope is installed; Characterized in that it further comprises: A rotating plate (2) rotatably installed on the floating plate (1), a liquid storage cylinder (3) for storing microbial agents is installed on the floating plate (1), a drain pipe (4) is fixed on the floating plate (1), and a quantitative liquid discharge mechanism (5) for discharging microbial agents is installed in the drain pipe (4), the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism (5) is fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder (3) through a hose, and; A linkage part (6) fixed on the floating plate (1), the linkage part (6) is adapted to the rotating plate (2), one end of the linkage part (6) extends into the drain pipe (4) and contacts the quantitative liquid discharge mechanism (5), and; An adjusting part (7) installed on the floating plate (1), which drives the rotating plate (2) to rotate reciprocally through the adjusting part (7).

2. The manure treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantitative liquid discharge mechanism (5) includes a fixed pipe (8) fixed to the bottom of the drain pipe (4) and a sliding pipe (9) slidably inserted into the fixed pipe (8). The bottom of the fixed pipe (8) and the top of the sliding pipe (9) are both fixedly communicated with a liquid guide pipe (10). A one-way liquid flow member (11) is installed in the liquid guide pipe (10). A return spring (12) is installed between the fixed pipe (8) and the sliding pipe (9). The liquid guide pipe (10) located above is fixedly communicated with the liquid storage cylinder (3) through a hose.

3. The manure treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The one-way liquid flow member (11) includes a resisting ring (13) fixed in the liquid guide pipe (10). A resisting plate (14) is fixed in the liquid guide pipe (10). A plug post (15) is slidably inserted into the resisting plate (14). The outer end of the plug post (15) is fixed with a sealing ball (16) that fits with the resisting ring (13). A compression spring (17) that abuts against the sealing ball (16) and the resisting plate (14) is sleeved outside the plug post (15).

4. A manure treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting part (7) includes an adjusting motor (18) fixed on the floating plate (1) through a motor bracket. The output end of the adjusting motor (18) is fixed with an adjusting cam (19) that fits with the bottom of the rotating plate (2). Pressing parts (20) are installed on the floating plate (1) corresponding to both ends of the rotating plate (2). Contact rods (21) adapted to the linkage part (6) are fixed at both ends of the rotating plate (2).

5. The manure treatment device according to claim 4, wherein: The pressing part (20) includes a lower pressing plate (22). A plug rod (23) fixed to the floating plate (1) is slidably inserted into the lower pressing plate (22). A tension spring (24) fixed to the lower pressing plate (22) and the floating plate (1) is sleeved outside the plug rod (23). The lower pressing plate (22) fits with the outer end of the rotating plate (2).

6. The manure treatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The linkage part (6) includes a linkage ring (25). The linkage ring (25) is slidably inserted into the drain pipe (4) and sleeved outside the liquid guide pipe (10). A linkage plate (26) is fixed to the outside of the linkage ring (25), and a contact plate (27) adapted to the contact rod (21) is fixed to the top of the linkage plate (26). A threaded rod (28) fixed to the floating plate (1) is slidably inserted into the contact plate (27), and a counterweight cap (29) is threadedly inserted onto the threaded rod (28).

7. The manure treatment device according to claim 3, wherein: An aerator (30) is installed on the floating plate (1). One end of the aerator (30) is fixed with an air inlet pipe, and the other end is fixed with an air outlet pipe (31). Two aeration pipes (32) are fixed to the outer end of the air outlet pipe (31) through a tee pipe. The two aeration pipes (32) are fixedly penetrated through the floating plate (1) and extend into the fecal sewage. An aeration member (33) is fixed to the outer end of the aeration pipe (32).

8. The manure treatment device according to claim 7, wherein: A flexible pipe (34) is arranged at a position corresponding to the lower pressing plate (22) on the aeration pipe (32). A fitting plate (35) that fits the outer side of the flexible pipe (34) is fixed to the top of the plug post (15). An extrusion plate (36) is fixed to the top of the lower pressing plate (22).

9. The manure treatment device according to claim 8, wherein: The aeration member (33) includes a docking plate (37) fixed to the bottom of the aeration pipe (32). A telescopic pipe (38) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the docking plate (37), and an aeration disc (39) is fixed to the bottom of the telescopic pipe (38). An adjusting rod (40) is fixed to the outer edge of the aeration disc (39), and an arc-shaped opening (41) adapted to the adjusting rod (40) is formed in the docking plate (37). An arc-shaped plate (42) adapted to the arc-shaped opening (41) is fixed to the top of the adjusting rod (40).

10. A manure treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A piston ring (43) that fits the inner wall of the fixed pipe (8) is fixed to the outside of the sliding pipe (9).

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