Tank type composting device for bio-organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizer production, in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer trough type composting device which comprises a fermentation trough provided with a fermentation cavity, and a feeding port communicated with the fermentation cavity is formed in the top end of the fermentation trough; the layering boxes are connected to the side wall of the fermentation tank in a sliding manner and divide the fermentation tank into a plurality of composting areas; the layering box is filled with a gravel layer to form an airflow channel, and a plurality of vent holes are formed in the side wall, in contact with materials in the composting area, of the layering box; and the ventilation mechanism is arranged on the fermentation tank, is connected with the plurality of layering boxes and is used for ventilating and supplying air to the layering boxes. The device has the effect of improving the production efficiency of the biological fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of biological organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a trough composting device for biological organic fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for green agricultural development and the resource utilization of organic waste, biological organic fertilizer has become an important direction to replace chemical fertilizers due to its environmental protection and soil improvement functions; as a device for large-scale treatment of organic waste such as livestock manure and straw, the trough composting device generates stable humus through aerobic or anaerobic fermentation, and has the characteristics of high efficiency and less land occupation.

[0003] Currently, common trough composting devices include long strip-shaped fermentation troughs, turning machines and ventilation systems, relying on static composting or periodic turning. The composting thickness is fixed, and the fermentation cycle takes 30 - 60 days. During operation, the organic materials are mixed with microbial agents and then stacked in layers in the trough. The stacking height is fixed at 1.5 - 2 meters. The turning machine periodically turns and tosses the materials to promote oxygen penetration, and at the same time, the bottom ventilation pipes supply oxygen to the compost pile.

[0004] However, when the composting thickness is fixed, if it is too thick (such as more than 2 meters), it will cause the obstruction of oxygen diffusion inside the compost pile and reduce the microbial activity; if it is too thin (such as less than 1 meter), the equipment processing efficiency will be low; the turning machine can only turn and toss the surface layer, and the deep-layer materials are still in a static state, which is easy to form anaerobic areas and generate harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide; under the fixed composting thickness, the metabolic heat of microorganisms is difficult to dissipate evenly, and the local high temperature inhibits the activity of the microbial population, resulting in an extended fermentation cycle; the above defects lead to uneven maturity of the fertilizer and increased energy consumption, thus affecting the production efficiency of biological fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the production efficiency of biological fertilizer, this application provides a trough composting device for biological organic fertilizer.

[0006] The trough composting device for biological organic fertilizer provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions: A trough composting device for biological organic fertilizer, comprising: A fermentation trough, which is provided with a fermentation cavity and has a feeding port at the top communicating with the fermentation cavity; Multiple layering boxes, which are slidably connected to the side wall of the fermentation trough and divide the fermentation trough into multiple composting areas; a gravel layer is filled in the layering box to form an air flow channel, and a plurality of ventilation holes are opened on the side wall of the layering box in contact with the materials in the composting area; A ventilation mechanism, which is arranged on the fermentation trough and connected to the multiple layering boxes for ventilating and supplying air to the layering boxes.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the organic materials are put into the fermentation cavity of the fermentation tank through the feeding port, and the feeding is completed through multiple intervals of feeding and the sliding layered box; a plurality of slidably connected layered boxes are longitudinally distributed along the side wall of the fermentation tank, dividing the fermentation cavity into multiple independent composting areas; the inside of the layered box is filled with gravel to form a stable air flow channel, and the ventilation mechanism conveys air into the layered box, and the air flow diffuses evenly through the gravel layer and penetrates into the materials of each composting area through the ventilation holes on the side wall, promoting the activity of aerobic microorganisms; the composting areas are modularized by the layered box, avoiding the problem of deep hypoxia caused by too thick material accumulation (such as more than 2 meters) in the traditional device, and significantly improving the oxygen penetration efficiency; the gravel layer serves as a stable air flow channel, combined with multi-region ventilation holes, breaking through the limitation of only relying on bottom ventilation in the prior art and reducing the anaerobic area inside the pile body; the sliding layered box can flexibly adjust the height of the composting area according to the material fermentation stage (such as the heating period, the high-temperature period), optimizing the microbial activity; thereby reducing the duration of the fermentation reaction, improving the production efficiency of bio-organic fertilizer, and reducing the occurrence of uneven fermentation, enabling the microbial metabolic heat to dissipate evenly, reducing the inhibition of the local high temperature on the activity of the microbial community, and shortening the fermentation cycle; reducing the occurrence of uneven fertilizer maturity and increased energy consumption.

[0008] Optionally, a breathable mesh cloth is attached to the side wall of the layered box where the ventilation holes are opened, for reducing the entry of materials into the layered box.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, a breathable mesh cloth is covered on the side wall of the layered box where the ventilation holes are opened. When the air flow enters the composting area through the ventilation holes, the mesh cloth blocks the entry of fine material particles into the inside of the layered box; solving the problem that the ventilation holes in the prior art are easily blocked by materials, ensuring long-term stable oxygen supply; without frequent cleaning of the inside of the layered box, reducing the downtime, and improving the reliability of continuous production.

[0010] Optionally, the side wall of the layered box where the ventilation holes are opened is slidably arranged, and a claw is arranged on the side facing the gravel, and the claw extends into the gravel layer. A sliding component is arranged on the layered box, and the sliding component drives the side wall of the layered box where the ventilation holes are opened to slide.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the operation of the sliding component drives the side wall of the layered box to move horizontally. The claws on the side wall insert into the crushed stone layer and stir the crushed stone with the sliding movement. At the same time, the position of the ventilation holes is adjusted with the movement of the side wall. In the traditional technology, the static crushed stone layer is prone to caking under long-term pressure (such as a fixed ventilation layer). The claws stir to keep the crushed stone loose and maintain the smoothness of the air flow channel. The ventilation channel can be variably adjusted to optimize the ventilation path, enabling the material to evenly contact the air, facilitating fermentation, optimizing and improving the fermentation efficiency and effect, further reducing the duration of the fermentation reaction, improving the production efficiency of biological organic fertilizer, and reducing the occurrence of uneven fermentation. It enables the microbial metabolic heat to dissipate evenly, reduces the inhibition of the activity of the microbial community by local high temperature, and shortens the fermentation cycle. It reduces the occurrence of uneven fertilizer maturity and increased energy consumption.

[0012] Optionally, the ventilation pressure of the ventilation mechanism for multiple layers of the layered boxes decreases layer by layer from bottom to top.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the oxygen demand in the bottom composting area is high (microbial metabolism is vigorous), and high-pressure oxygen supply breaks through the energy consumption waste of traditional uniform ventilation; it reduces the energy loss caused by excessive ventilation in the upper layer and reduces the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0014] Optionally, layered boxes are arranged on both sides of the fermentation tank, and the layered boxes on both sides are arranged in a vertical offset manner.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the layered boxes on both sides of the fermentation tank are installed in a vertical offset manner (for example, the left layered box is at a height of 1 meter and the right one is at a height of 1.5 meters), forming staggered composting areas; the offset structure forces the air flow to diffuse horizontally in the compost body, solving the problem of "air short-circuit" in traditional trough composting (reducing the direct longitudinal penetration of the air flow); it improves the contact area between oxygen and the material, reduces ventilation dead spots, and improves the uniformity of composting.

[0016] Optionally, the ends of the layered boxes on both sides are abutted and connected, and air outlet holes are opened on the side walls of the layered boxes on both sides that are close to each other.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the ends of the layered boxes on both sides are connected, and the air flow enters the other layered box through the air outlet holes from one layered box, forming a horizontal circulation; the air supply pipe slides along with the side wall to adjust the air supply position, enabling the horizontal air supply to extend into the material, increasing the ventilation efficiency and ventilation area; it breaks through the single longitudinal ventilation mode in the existing technology, promotes the uniform distribution of oxygen horizontally inside the compost body; the air supply pipe can be aligned with local high-temperature or oxygen-deficient areas (such as the central area in the later stage of fermentation) for targeted oxygen supplementation, shortening the fermentation cycle.

[0018] Optionally, an air supply pipe slides on the side walls of the layered boxes on both sides that are close to each other, and the air supply pipe is connected to the side wall where the layered box slides; the air supply pipe is a blind pipe, communicating with the inside of the layered box and provided with a plurality of air supply holes.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the air supply pipe is a blind pipe. When it slides along the side wall of the layering box, the air supply holes on it are aligned with composting areas at different depths, and the air flow is directly injected into the target position through the air supply holes; the blind pipe design prevents the air flow from directly escaping from the inlet to the outlet (such as in a traditional straight-through pipe), improving the air supply depth; it is targeted at oxygenation of anaerobic areas inside the compost pile (such as deep materials), solving the defect in the prior art that the turning machine can only turn and toss the surface layer.

[0020] Optionally, a loosening mechanism is provided on the layering box. The loosening mechanism includes fixing bars, loosening plates and rotating components. A plurality of fixing bars are provided and are fixedly connected to one side of the layering box where air holes are opened. The loosening plates are rotatably arranged on the fixing bars; the rotating components are arranged on the fixing bars and are used to drive the loosening plates to rotate.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing bars of the loosening mechanism are fixed on the side wall of the layering box, and the loosening plates are periodically rotated through the rotating components, inserted into the compost materials and agitated; in traditional static composting, the materials are prone to caking (only relying on the turning machine in the prior art), and the loosening plates actively break the caking to improve air permeability; the loosening action is linked with the ventilation system to achieve double efficiency of "oxygen supply + physical loosening", and the decomposition speed is increased.

[0022] Optionally, the rotating components include sliding bars, rotating disks and transmission rods. The sliding bars are connected to the sliding side wall of the layering box. The rotating disks are arranged at the rotating ends of the loosening plates. The transmission rods are arranged on the side walls of the rotating disks. Waist-shaped grooves for driving the transmission rods to rotate are opened on the sliding bars.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, when the side wall of the layering box slides, the sliding bars drive the rotating disks to rotate through the waist-shaped grooves and the transmission rods, and the rotating disks drive the loosening plates to rotate around the fixing bars, realizing the automation of the loosening action; the side wall sliding is synchronized with the loosening action, without an additional driving device, reducing the complexity of the equipment; using the sliding power to drive the loosening reduces energy consumption.

[0024] Optionally, a drainage mechanism is provided on the top wall of the fermentation tank. The drainage mechanism is used to guide the air to flow upward.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the drainage mechanism (such as a top negative pressure fan or a guide plate) guides the air in the fermentation tank to flow upward, forming a forced convection of "bottom oxygen supply - top exhaust"; strengthening the exhaust of waste gas, solving the problem of retention of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in traditional composting; the forced convection avoids local high temperature (such as the temperature at the core of the pile exceeding 70°C) from inhibiting the activity of microorganisms, and the fermentation stability is significantly improved.

[0026] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The gravel layer serves as a stable air flow channel, combined with multi-region ventilation holes, breaking through the limitation of only relying on bottom ventilation in the prior art, reducing the anaerobic area inside the stack body; the sliding stratified box can flexibly adjust the height of the composting area according to the material fermentation stage (such as the heating period and the high-temperature period), optimizing the microbial activity; thereby reducing the duration of the fermentation reaction, improving the production efficiency of bio-organic fertilizer, and reducing the occurrence of uneven fermentation, enabling the microbial metabolic heat to dissipate evenly, reducing the inhibition of the local high temperature on the activity of the microbial community, and shortening the fermentation cycle; reducing the occurrence of uneven fertilizer maturity and increased energy consumption; 2. The blind pipe design prevents the air flow from directly escaping from the inlet to the outlet (such as in traditional straight-through pipes), improving the air supply depth; targeted oxygenation for the anaerobic area inside the stack body (such as deep materials), solving the defect that the turning machine in the prior art can only turn and toss the surface layer; 3. The drainage mechanism (such as the top negative pressure fan or the guide plate) guides the air in the fermentation tank to flow upward, forming a forced convection of "bottom oxygen supply - top exhaust"; strengthening the exhaust of waste gas, solving the problem of the retention of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in traditional composting; the forced convection avoids the inhibition of microbial activity by local high temperature (such as the temperature in the stack core exceeding 70°C), and the fermentation stability is significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of the composting device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is the exploded view of the synchronous rod in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is the sectional view of the fermentation tank in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is the display diagram of the stratified box in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is the sectional view of the stratified box in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is the sectional view of the stratified box in other implementation manners of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is Figure 6 the partial enlarged view of area A in

[0028] Reference numerals: 100, fermentation tank; 110, fermentation chamber; 120, feeding port; 130, composting area; 200, layering box; 210, main body; 220, upper plate; 221, ventilation hole; 230, lower plate; 240, side plate; 241, air outlet hole; 242, communication hole; 250, claw; 260, sliding assembly; 261, servo motor; 263, upper rack; 264, lower rack; 265, insertion block; 266, synchronizing rod; 270, air supply pipe; 271, air supply hole; 300, ventilation mechanism; 310, air guide cover; 320, main air supply pipe; 400, loosening mechanism; 420, loosening plate; 430, rotating assembly; 431, rotating disk; 432, transmission rod; 433, sliding strip; 434, waist-shaped groove; 500, drainage mechanism; 510, negative pressure fan; 520, guide plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The following Figures 1 to 7 further elaborates on this application in detail.

[0030] This embodiment discloses a biological organic fertilizer tank type composting device.

[0031] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the biological organic fertilizer tank type composting device of the present invention includes a fermentation tank 100, a plurality of layering boxes 200 and a ventilation mechanism 300. The fermentation tank 100 is a tank body with a vertically placed rectangular box structure, having a feeding port 120 opened at its top, with its bottom inclined (the inclination angle is 5° - 10°), and the low end is connected to the discharge port. A plurality of layering boxes 200 are slidably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the fermentation tank 100 through slide rails, dividing the fermentation chamber 110 into a plurality of independent composting areas 130. An accommodation cavity is provided inside each layering box 200, and a gravel layer is filled in the accommodation cavity to form an air flow channel. The gravel layer is formed by mixing gravel with a particle size of 5 - 10 mm, and a plurality of ventilation holes 221 are opened on both the upper and lower side walls and communicated with the composting area 130. The ventilation mechanism 300 is connected to each layering box 200 to achieve differential air supply.

[0032] For the convenience of discharging materials, a hydraulic push plate can be provided at the high end of the bottom wall of the fermentation tank 100 to assist the displacement of materials. During discharging, the materials are pushed to slide towards the discharge port.

[0033] Referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5, the layered box 200 includes a main body 210, an upper plate 220, side plates 240 and a lower plate 230. The main body 210 is a rectangular frame. The upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 are respectively slidably connected to two side walls of the main body 210 facing the composting area 130, and the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 are symmetrically arranged. A sliding assembly 260 is provided on the main body 210, and the sliding assembly 260 drives the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 to slide horizontally. The side plates 240 are arranged around the side walls of the main body 210 and cooperate with the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 to form an accommodation cavity. A plurality of ventilation holes 221 are respectively and evenly opened on the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 and covered with a breathable mesh cloth (such as a nylon screen) to prevent materials from entering the interior of the layered box 200. A plurality of claw hooks 250 are welded on one side of the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 facing the gravel layer. When the claw hooks 250 are inserted into the gravel layer and slide with the upper plate 220 or the lower plate 230, the gravel is stirred to change the air circulation path.

[0034] On one side wall of the fermentation tank 100 where the layered box 200 is installed, two sliding assemblies 260 are provided. The two sliding assemblies 260 respectively control the layered boxes 200 arranged at intervals in the vertical direction. The sliding assembly 260 includes a servo motor 261 fixedly connected to one of the layered boxes 200. An output shaft of the servo motor 261 is key-connected with an incomplete gear. An upper rack 263 and a lower rack 264 are slidably connected to the layered box 200. The upper rack 263 and the lower rack 264 are symmetrically arranged. The upper rack 263 or the lower rack 264 can be engaged with the incomplete gear and not engaged at the same time. The upper rack 263 and the lower rack 264 are both connected to the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230. In order to synchronously slide the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 on multiple layered boxes 200, plug-in blocks 265 are fixedly connected to both the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230. A plurality of adjacent plug-in blocks 265 are jointly plugged with a synchronous rod 266. By driving the incomplete gear to rotate through the servo motor 261, the incomplete gear rotates to periodically engage with the lower rack 264 and the upper rack 263, so that the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 slide reciprocally.

[0035] The ventilation mechanism 300 includes a wind guide cover 310, a main air supply pipe 320, layered branch pipes and a gas source. A plurality of wind guide covers 310 are provided and respectively correspond to the layered boxes 200 and are fixedly connected to one end of the layered boxes 200. A plurality of air inlet holes are evenly distributed on the layered boxes 200 along their width direction. One end of the wind guide cover 310 away from the layered box 200 is connected to the main air supply pipe 320 with a reduced diameter and a closed end. The main air supply pipe 320 is connected to the gas source through the layered branch pipes. The layered branch pipes are flexible hoses. The gas source can be a blower or an air compressor. Control valves are arranged on the layered branch pipes, and the ventilation pressures of the plurality of layered branch pipes gradually decrease layer by layer from bottom to top (for example, 0.5 MPa at the bottom layer, 0.3 MPa at the middle layer, and 0.1 MPa at the upper layer). Pressure sensors are arranged on the layered branch pipes, and a controller is arranged at the gas source. The ventilation pressure is adjusted through the linkage of the pressure sensors and the controller.

[0036] Furthermore, demixing boxes 200 are slidably arranged on both sides of the fermentation tank 100, and the demixing boxes 200 on both sides are arranged in a vertical dislocation (for example, the left demixing box 200 is located at a height of 1 meter, and the right one is located at 1.5 meters). A cross bar is arranged in the middle of the fermentation tank 100, which is used to support the ends of the demixing boxes 200. The side walls of the ends of the demixing boxes 200 on both sides are in contact, and the two are connected through a communication hole 242. Air outlet holes 241 are opened on the side plates 240 of the two demixing boxes 200 close to each other, and the communication hole 242 is communicated through the air outlet holes 241; and an air supply pipe 270 is slidably installed on the side plate 240. The air supply pipe 270 is a blind pipe, and a plurality of air supply holes 271 are opened on its pipe wall. The air supply pipe 270 is fixedly connected to the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 of the same demixing box 200, and the air supply position is adjusted by sliding with the upper plate 220, and the air flow is directly injected into the deep area of the composting area 130.

[0037] When the upper plate 220 or the lower plate 230 slides, the claw 250 stirs the gravel layer, and at the same time, the sliding strip 433 drives the loosening plate 420 to rotate, realizing the synchronous operation of ventilation channel maintenance and material loosening without an additional power source.

[0038] A drainage mechanism 500 is installed on the top of the fermentation tank 100, including a negative pressure fan 510 and a flow guide plate 520. The negative pressure fan 510 sucks the gas in the fermentation chamber 110, and the flow guide plate 520 guides the air flow to flow upward, forming a forced convection system of "high-pressure oxygen supply at the bottom - negative pressure exhaust at the top". The air flow enters the composting area 130 from the ventilation hole 221 of the demixing box 200, rises through the material gap and is discharged by the drainage mechanism 500, taking away harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and excess heat at the same time.

[0039] Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7, in other embodiments, a loosening mechanism 400 is provided on the main body 210. The loosening mechanism 400 includes a fixing strip, a loosening plate 420, and a rotating assembly 430. A plurality of fixing strips are integrally provided on the main body 210, and each fixing strip is rotatably connected to the loosening plate 420 through a bearing. Rotating assemblies 430 are provided on both the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230. The rotating assembly 430 includes a sliding strip 433, a rotating disk 431, and a transmission rod 432. The rotating end of the loosening plate 420 is installed with the rotating disk 431. An embedding groove communicating with the composting area 130 is formed on the main body 210. The loosening plate 420 is initially hidden in the embedding groove, and the rotating wheel rotates in the embedding groove. A transmission rod 432 is fixedly connected to the rotating disk 431. Both the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 are fixedly connected with sliding strips 433. A kidney-shaped groove 434 for the transmission rod 432 to slide is formed on the sliding strip 433. The opening direction of the kidney-shaped groove 434 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the upper plate 220. When the sliding strip 433 moves along with the upper plate 220 or the lower plate 230, the transmission rod 432 is squeezed by the kidney-shaped groove 434, driving the loosening plate 420 to rotate around the fixing strip and inserting into the composting materials to achieve loosening.

[0040] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: Organic materials are batch-fed through the feeding port 120, and the sliding stratified box 200 adjusts the height of the composting area 130 (for example, the initial composting thickness is 1.2 meters and is adjusted to 0.8 meters during the high-temperature period), forming multiple independent fermentation modules; the ventilation mechanism 300 supplies air to the stratified box 200 according to the pressure gradient, and the air flow diffuses through the gravel layer and then uniformly penetrates into the composting area 130 through the ventilation holes 221. When the upper plate 220 and the lower plate 230 slide, the claw 250 stirs the gravel layer to prevent blockage, and the loosening plate 420 synchronously breaks up the material lumps to improve air permeability.

[0041] The drainage mechanism 500 forcibly discharges waste gas and heat, avoiding local high temperature (exceeding 70 °C) from inhibiting the microbial activity, and at the same time reducing the residue of harmful gases.

[0042] The fermentation cycle is shortened from the traditional 60 days to 40 days, and the uniformity of compost maturity is increased by 20%; the system energy consumption is reduced by 25%-40%, and the fertilizer quality is significantly improved; it is applicable to the large-scale and efficient treatment of organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure and straw.

[0043] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application. The protection scope of this application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A biological organic fertilizer trough composting device, characterized in that: Comprising: A fermentation tank (100) is provided with a fermentation chamber (110), and a feeding port (120) communicating with the fermentation chamber (110) is provided at the top end. A plurality of layered boxes (200) are slidably connected to the side wall of the fermentation tank (100), and the fermentation tank (100) is divided into a plurality of composting areas (130); a gravel layer is filled in the layered box (200) to form an air flow channel, and a plurality of ventilation holes (221) are provided on the side wall of the layered box (200) in contact with the materials in the composting area (130). A ventilation mechanism (300) is arranged on the fermentation tank (100) and is connected to a plurality of the layered boxes (200) for ventilating and supplying air to the layered boxes (200).

2. The biological organic fertilizer trough composting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A breathable mesh cloth is attached to the side wall of the layered box (200) where the ventilation holes (221) are provided to reduce the entry of materials into the layered box (200).

3. The bio-organic fertilizer trough composting device according to claim 2, wherein: The side wall of the layered box (200) where the ventilation holes (221) are provided is slidably arranged, and a claw (250) is arranged on the side facing the gravel, and the claw (250) extends into the gravel layer. A sliding component (260) is arranged on the layered box (200), and the sliding component (260) drives the side wall of the layered box (200) where the ventilation holes (221) are provided to slide.

4. The biological organic fertilizer trough type composting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ventilation pressure of the ventilation mechanism (300) on multiple layers of the layered boxes (200) decreases layer by layer from bottom to top.

5. The biological organic fertilizer trough composting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Layered boxes (200) are arranged on both sides of the fermentation tank (100), and the layered boxes (200) on both sides are arranged in a vertical dislocation manner.

6. The biological organic fertilizer trough type composting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ends of the layered boxes (200) on both sides are in abutting connection and communication, and air outlet holes (241) are provided on the side walls of the layered boxes (200) on both sides close to each other.

7. The biological organic fertilizer trough type composting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: An air delivery pipe (270) is slidably arranged on the side walls of the layered boxes (200) on both sides close to each other, and the air delivery pipe (270) is connected to the side wall of the layered box (200) where it slides; the air delivery pipe (270) is a blind pipe, communicating with the inside of the layered box (200) and provided with a plurality of air delivery holes (271).

8. The biological organic fertilizer trough type composting device according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that: A loosening mechanism (400) is arranged on the layered box (200), and the loosening mechanism (400) includes fixed bars, loosening plates (420) and rotating components (430). A plurality of fixed bars are arranged and are fixedly connected to one side of the layered box (200) where the ventilation holes (221) are provided, and the loosening plates (420) rotate on the fixed bars; the rotating components (430) are arranged on the fixed bars and are used to drive the loosening plates (420) to rotate.

9. The bio-organic fertilizer trough composting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating component (430) includes a sliding bar (433), a rotating disc (431) and a transmission rod (432). The sliding bar (433) is connected to the side wall of the layered box (200) where it slides, the rotating disc (431) is arranged at the rotating end of the loosening plate (420), the transmission rod (432) is arranged on the side wall of the rotating disc (431), and a waist-shaped groove (434) for driving the transmission rod (432) to rotate is provided on the sliding bar (433).

10. The biological organic fertilizer trough composting device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: A drainage mechanism (500) is provided on the upper top wall of the fermentation tank (100), and the drainage mechanism (500) is used to guide the air to flow upward.

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