Coral island biological soil crust GZS001 capable of promoting hydrological and ecological characteristics of coral island calcareous sand

Abstract

The invention discloses a coral island biological soil crust GZS001 capable of promoting hydrological and ecological characteristics of coral island calcareous sand, which has good hydrological and ecological effects, can significantly improve ecological fresh water accumulation and circulation of the coral island calcareous sand, provides stable water resources for planting of higher vegetation, improves the nutritional state of the calcareous sand, and improves the ecological quality of the coral island calcareous sand. And a good material foundation is laid for ecological system restoration and natural succession of the coral island. Meanwhile, the influence on the environment can be reduced by applying the biological crust, and the biological crust can be widely applied and has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low cost, quick effect, easiness in popularization and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of artificial cultivation of biological soil crusts, and is applicable to calcareous sand substrates. Specifically, it relates to an improved biological soil crust for coral islands that can enhance the hydro-ecological characteristics of calcareous sands on coral islands. Background Art

[0002] Most tropical coral islands are composed of calcareous sands, which are not conducive to the natural colonization of vegetation. From the perspectives of environmental and biological elements, these coral reef islands are regarded as "deserts" in the ocean, lacking true soil and fresh water resources, and having extreme environmental characteristics such as high salinity, strong alkalinity, high temperature, and strong light. However, the healthy soil resources and underground ecological fresh water resources of the islands are the life sources that support the animal and plant ecosystems on the South China Sea islands and reefs and enable them to be livable.

[0003] The composite biological soil crust (biological crust), formed by the combination of organisms such as microorganisms, algae, mosses, and lichens with soil, has characteristics such as drought tolerance, salt-alkali tolerance, carbon and nitrogen fixation ability, and strong reproductive ability. It can widely survive and reproduce in harsh environments and affect the surrounding microenvironment through its physiological metabolism, playing an important role in the evolution process of the soil-water-vegetation system. Research shows that biological crusts can increase rainfall interception, promote the capture of condensation water, enhance the water-holding capacity of the soil surface layer, reduce the infiltration of water into deeper layers, improve the growth environment of herbaceous plants, and promote the rapid succession of artificial vegetation communities. Biological crusts have been widely applied to ecological restoration projects in desert areas, but their research and application in the terrestrial environment of coral islands are still in their infancy.

[0004] Biological crusts are the most important surface coverings of the coral island ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and reorganize their biological composition, enhance their hydro-ecological characteristics, and lay a solid material foundation for the positive succession and sustainable self-development of coral islands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biological soil crust GZS001 for coral islands that can enhance the hydro-ecological characteristics of calcareous sands on coral islands, and to provide a new biotechnological method for improving the fresh water resources and hydro-ecological characteristics of calcareous sands on coral islands.

[0006] In view of the fact that there is no research on biological crusts specifically targeting calcareous sand substrates at home and abroad, the present invention uses in-situ calcareous sands and biological crusts developed on calcareous sand substrates as the research objects, modifies the biological composition structure of the biological crusts by adding microbial functional strains with specific functions, measures their hydro-ecological characteristics, and selects the biological crusts that can promote the hydro-ecological characteristics of calcareous sands on coral islands. The specific steps of the cultivation method of this biological soil crust GZS001 are as follows:

[0007] a. Collect in-situ moss-biological crusts on tropical coral islands, air-dry them naturally and then grind them to make inoculation materials; evenly sprinkle and inoculate the inoculation materials on calcareous sand for artificial cultivation;

[0008] b. Artificially cultivate two strains of cyanobacteria, namely Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256 and Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268 of the phylum Cyanobacteria. Mix the two strains of cyanobacteria evenly and then spray them evenly onto the inoculation materials for cultivation, maintaining the water content of the calcareous sand at 10-15%. Regularly supplement the water loss of the previous day every day.

[0009] The preservation number of Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256 is CCTCC NO: M 2025524; the preservation number of Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268 is CCTCC NO: M 2025525.

[0010] Preferably, in step a, the inoculation amount of the inoculation material is 440 g / m 2 .

[0011] Preferably, in step b, the cyanobacteria SCSIO17256 and SCSIO17268 are mixed in a wet weight ratio of 1:2.

[0012] Preferably, in step b, the water content of the calcareous sand is maintained at 14%.

[0013] This invention is carried out in an artificial climate cultivation chamber. According to the long-term monitoring results of tropical coral islands, the temperature, relative air humidity, photoperiod, and light intensity in the artificial climate chamber are set respectively as (day / night): 33 / 28.5 °C, 68% / 80%, 14 / 10 h, 13000 / 0 lux. At the same time, regularly carry out artificial spraying on the cultivation boxes every day to ensure that the water content of the calcareous sand in the cultivation boxes is maintained at 14%.

[0014] After 180 days of indoor cultivation, obvious moss-biological crusts are formed on the calcareous sand in the cultivation boxes, namely the biological soil crust of coral island GZS001 ( Figure 1 ). The maximum water content of the newly developed biological crusts is significantly higher than that of the blank control group, which is 37.42%, and the range higher than the control group is 9.66%-11.30%. The water condensation promotion ability of the newly developed biological crusts is also significantly higher than that of the blank control group, which is 39.17 g / m 2 , and the range higher than the control group is 22.5-28 g / m 2 . The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the newly developed biological crusts is also significantly higher than that of the blank control group, which is 0.00195 cm / s, and the range higher than the control group is 0.0011-0.00177 cm / s (Figure 2 )。In summary, the hydro-ecological characteristics of the newly developed biological soil crust are significantly better than those of the blank control group, which can significantly promote the water resource cycle of calcareous sand on coral islands.

[0015] Therefore, the second object of the present invention is to provide the application of the biological soil crust GZS001 of coral islands in the accumulation of calcareous sand water resources in tropical coral islands.

[0016] The preferred application method is to first expand the culture of the biological soil crust GZS001 of coral islands indoors for 210 days, then collect all the biological soil crust GZS001 of coral islands, air-dry naturally and grind, and then make it into a biological powder and inoculate it into the area to be applied.

[0017] The biological soil crust GZS001 of coral islands provided by the present invention can significantly improve the ecological fresh water accumulation and circulation of calcareous sand on coral islands, provide stable water resources for the colonization of higher vegetation, improve the nutritional status of calcareous sand, and lay a good material foundation for the ecological restoration and natural succession of coral islands. At the same time, the application of this biological soil crust can save a large amount of time cost, can be used in large quantities, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, easy promotion, etc.

[0018] Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256, which was deposited on March 18, 2025 at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Zip Code: 430072, deposit number: CCTCC NO: M 2025524.

[0019] Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268, which was deposited on March 18, 2025 at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Zip Code: 430072, deposit number: CCTCC NO: M2025525. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a developmental state diagram of the biological soil crust GZS001 of coral islands.

[0021] Figure 2 It is the measured values of each hydro-ecological index of the biological soil crust GZS001 of coral islands. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] The following examples are further descriptions of the present invention, rather than limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Artificial Cultivation of the Biological Soil Crust GZS001 of Coral Islands

[0024] The coral island biological soil crust GZS001 provided by the present invention is derived from in-situ developed biological crusts and two strains of cyanobacteria obtained by isolation and culture, namely Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256 and Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268 of the phylum Cyanobacteria.

[0025] The specific operations are as follows:

[0026] 1. Treatment of inoculation materials: Collect well-developed moss-biological crusts on tropical coral islands and then air-dry them naturally at room temperature (25°C); grind the air-dried moss-biological crusts and prepare experimental inoculation materials for subsequent experiments.

[0027] 2. Fill the cultivation box with calcareous sand collected in-situ. The net weight of the sandy soil is 1320 g (dry weight), and the thickness is about 35 mm; control the average moisture content of the calcareous sand to be 14%, and the initial water addition amount is 220 g; then, use a self-made spraying device to evenly spread the inoculation materials on the calcareous sand, and the inoculation amount is 440 g / m 2 , and conduct wetting treatment with water mist to fix the inoculation materials.

[0028] 3. Artificially cultivate two strains of cyanobacteria, namely Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256 and Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268, take their wet weights, with a ratio of 1:2, which are 0.6 g and 1.2 g respectively, then mix them evenly and spray them evenly on the inoculation materials to start cultivation.

[0029] 4. According to the results of long-term monitoring of tropical coral islands, set the temperature, relative air humidity, photoperiod, and light intensity in the artificial climate chamber to (day / night): 33 / 28.5°C, 68% / 80%, 14 / 10 h, 13000 / 0 lux respectively. At the same time, regularly supplement the lost water every day to maintain the moisture content of the surface calcareous sand in the cultivation box at 14%.

[0030] 5. The entire cultivation process is 180 days. After the cultivation is completed, it is found that obvious biological crusts are formed on the calcareous sand in all cultivation boxes ( Figure 1 ), which is the biological soil crust GZS001.

[0031] Example 2: Determination of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001

[0032] Take out the cultivation box with the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 and the cultivation box filled only with calcareous sand (blank group), and use the Mini-Disk mini disk infiltrometer (METER) to measure their unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and compare them. The working principle of the Mini-Disk mini disk infiltrometer is as follows: Both the upper and lower chambers of the Mini-Disk mini disk infiltrometer are filled with water. The upper chamber adjusts the infiltration water pressure. The lower chamber is like a graduated cylinder marked with mL graduations, and water infiltrates into the soil. The bottom of the infiltrometer is a porous sintered stainless steel disk to prevent water leakage into the air. The diameter of the chassis is small, ensuring that it can be placed on a relatively flat soil surface for non-intrusive measurement of the soil. After placing the infiltrometer on the soil surface, the water in the lower chamber will start to infiltrate into the soil, and the infiltration rate is affected by the hydraulic characteristics of the soil. After the water level in the lower chamber drops, record the volume of infiltrated water within a certain time interval (usually 30 seconds for sandy loam). Then, plot these data in an EXCEL spreadsheet made by METER to obtain the hydraulic conductivity.

[0033] The measurement results of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 and the blank group using the Mini-Disk mini disk infiltrometer (METER) are as follows: The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 is 0.00195 cm / s, and that of the blank group is 0.00054 cm / s( Figure 2 ).

[0034] Example 3: Measurement of the saturated water content of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001

[0035] Take out the cultivation box with the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 and the cultivation box filled only with calcareous sand (blank group), and use a core sampler (100 cm 3 ) to collect biological crust samples and seal both ends. When conducting the measurement, first remove the upper and lower covers of the core sampler, replace one end with a bottom cover with mesh holes and filter paper, and keep the other end open. Then, place the end with mesh holes and filter paper downward into a porcelain dish (or flat basin), inject water and keep the water level in the porcelain dish up to the upper edge of the core sampler to allow it to absorb water for 2 hours. At this time, all non-capillary pores and capillary pores in the core sampler soil are filled with water. Cover the upper cover, take it out horizontally, and immediately place the end with mesh holes and filter paper downward on a flat dish filled with dry sand to absorb the excess water and immediately weigh it (A). Finally, take out a representative part of the soil sample (20 g) in the core sampler and put it into an aluminum box to measure the soil moisture content. Use this soil moisture content to convert the wet soil in the core sampler into the dry soil weight, and thus calculate the maximum water content.

[0036] The maximum water content percentage of the biological crust = (A - W - W_ring) / W * 100%;

[0037] Wherein, W is the dry soil weight (g) in the core cutter; W_core is the core cutter weight (g).

[0038] The test results of the maximum water content of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 and the blank group are as follows: the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 is 37.42%, and the blank group is 26.90%( Figure 2 ).

[0039] Example 4: Determination of the water condensation promoting amount of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001

[0040] Taking the cultivation box with the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 developed and the cultivation box only filled with calcareous sand (blank group) as the experimental objects, before the experiment, the biological crust and bare sand in the cultivation box need to be dried in the sun until their weights are basically constant. To make the experimental process more in line with the natural state, the experiment is carried out in an artificial climate chamber to simulate the environmental conditions at night on the coral island. Between 19:00 on the observation day and 7:00 the next day, a 1 / 1000 electronic balance is used to weigh the cultivation box, and the change in weight every day is the water condensation amount formed at night. To reduce errors, before each weighing, the sand grains on the surface and bottom of the lysimeter need to be removed. The experimental period is 5 days.

[0041] The test results of the water condensation promoting amount of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 and the blank group are as follows: the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 is 39.17 g / m 2 , and the blank group is 13.58 g / m 2 ( Figure 2 ).

[0042] Through the above embodiments, the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 provided by the present invention has good hydro-ecological effects, can significantly improve the ecological fresh water accumulation and circulation of the calcareous sand on the coral island, provide stable water resources for the colonization of higher vegetation, improve the nutritional status of the calcareous sand, and lay a good material foundation for the ecological restoration and natural succession of the coral island. At the same time, the application of this biological crust can save a large amount of time costs, can be widely applied, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, quick effect, and easy promotion.

[0043] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary engineering and technical personnel in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of a coral island biological soil crust GZS001 that can enhance the hydro-ecological characteristics of calcareous sand on coral islands, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: a. Collect in-situ moss-biological soil crust on tropical coral islands, air-dry it naturally and then grind it to make inoculation materials; evenly spread and inoculate the inoculation materials on calcareous sand for artificial cultivation; b. Artificially cultivate two strains of cyanobacteria, namely Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256 and Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268, mix the two strains of cyanobacteria evenly and spray them onto the inoculation materials for cultivation, maintain the water content of calcareous sand at 10-15%, and regularly supplement the water loss of the previous day every day.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The preservation number of Oculatella sp. SCSIO17256 is CCTCC NO: M 2025524; the preservation number of Leptolyngbya sp. SCSIO17268 is CCTCC NO: M 2025525.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step a, the inoculation amount of the inoculation material is 440 g / m 2 .

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step b, the cyanobacteria SCSIO17256 and SCSIO17268 are mixed in a ratio of wet weight 1:

2.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step b, the cultivation conditions are: according to day / night, the temperature is 33 / 28.5 °C, the relative air humidity is 68% / 80%, the photoperiod is 14 / 10 h, and the light intensity is 13000 / 0 lux.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step b, the water content of calcareous sand is maintained at 14%.

7. Coral island biological soil crust GZS001 prepared by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. Application of the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 according to claim 7 in the accumulation of calcareous sand water resources in tropical coral islands.

9. The application according to claim 8, wherein, First, the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 is enlarged in culture indoors, then all the coral island biological soil crust GZS001 is collected, air-dried naturally and ground, and made into a biological powder for inoculation into the area to be applied.

10. The application according to claim 9, wherein, The culture time of the enlarged culture is 210 days.

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