Preparation method and application of reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy, and relates to the technical field of metal materials. The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps that S1, Al-18Si alloy powder, TiC powder and Ti powder are placed in a ball milling tank, after grinding balls are added, ball milling mixing is conducted, and mixed powder is obtained; s2, performing hot pressed sintering on the mixed powder obtained in the step S1 in an inert atmosphere, and performing furnace cooling to room temperature to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement; and S3, an aluminum-silicon alloy block, the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in the S2, # imgabs0 # core-shell structure powder and Yb powder are smelted and then poured into a mold, and the reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained. The aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, good heat conductivity and wear resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal material technology, and in particular to a preparation method and application of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy. Background Art

[0002] Due to its low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good corrosion resistance, excellent plasticity, excellent processing performance, as well as good welding performance, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, aluminum alloy has become an indispensable important material in the fields of aerospace, automotive manufacturing, electronic industry, etc. According to the processing technology, aluminum alloy is mainly divided into two categories: wrought aluminum alloy and cast aluminum alloy. Among them, cast aluminum alloy has been widely used in the manufacturing of key components such as missile shells, fuel tank shells, engine accessory casings, engine oil pipelines, automotive engine blocks, and automotive engine cylinder heads due to its excellent process fluidity and medium load-bearing capacity.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used cast aluminum alloy is cast aluminum-silicon alloy. The aluminum-silicon alloy has a low density, excellent fluidity, good casting performance and good corrosion resistance, making it an important material in modern industry. However, as the requirements for the use environment and service life of products are getting higher and higher, the high-temperature mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and wear resistance of traditional aluminum-silicon alloys are difficult to meet the growing application requirements. Therefore, it is urgent to further improve the comprehensive performance of aluminum-silicon alloys to adapt to a wider range of application scenarios and higher industrial standards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to provide an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy material with excellent mechanical properties, good thermal conductivity and strong wear resistance, this application provides a preparation method and application of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy.

[0005] A preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Put Al-18Si alloy powder, TiC powder, and Ti powder into a ball milling tank, add grinding balls, and then perform ball milling and mixing to obtain a mixed powder;

[0008] S2. Carry out hot pressing and sintering on the mixed powder obtained in S1 under an inert atmosphere, and cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement;

[0009] S3. Melt an aluminum-silicon alloy block with the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2, core-shell structure powder, and Yb powder, and then pour it into a mold to obtain an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy.

[0010] Preferably, the mass percentages of the Al-18Si alloy powder, TiC powder, and Ti powder in S1 are 85-95% for the Al-18Si alloy powder, 2-8% for the TiC powder, and 3-7% for the Ti powder.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the Al-18Si alloy powder in S1 is 50-80 μm; the particle size of the TiC powder is 1-10 μm; the particle size of the Ti powder is 10-50 μm.

[0012] Preferably, the grinding balls in S1 are agate balls; the ball-to-material ratio is 4-6:1; the ball milling speed is 150-200 r / min, and the ball milling time is 10-24 h.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of hot press sintering in S2 is 1200-1600 °C, the sintering pressure is 30-50 MPa, and the sintering time is 1-3 h.

[0014] Preferably, the aluminum-silicon alloy block in S3, the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained from S2, The mass ratio of the core-shell structure powder, and Yb powder is 90-95:3-6:1.55-3.43:0.45-0.57.

[0015] Preferably, the Preparation method of the core-shell structure powder includes the following steps:

[0016] Weigh the raw materials boron carbide, titanium dihydride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride; dry the sodium chloride at 150-200 °C for 2-4 h; add the dried sodium chloride, boron carbide, titanium dihydride, and potassium chloride to absolute ethanol and mix evenly. Then, magnetically stir the mixed solution for 20-26 h, and then remove the absolute ethanol through a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry at 50-60 °C for 10-14 h to obtain a dried mixture; then, under the protection of high-purity argon, keep the dried mixture in a tube furnace at 1300-1500 °C for 2-4 h; after cooling, soak the product in ultrapure water and wash it several times, and then dry it at 60-70 °C for 12-16 h to obtain The core-shell structure powder.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of boron carbide, titanium dihydride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride is 0.5-0.6:0.4-0.5:1.5-2:2-2.5.

[0018] Preferably, the melting temperature in S3 is 850-1000 °C.

[0019] An application of an aluminum-silicon alloy provided by this application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0020] Application of a strengthened aluminum-silicon alloy, said strengthened aluminum-silicon alloy in the application of preparing aluminum-silicon alloy products.

[0021] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] 1. In the present application, MAX phase is synthesized in the aluminum-silicon alloy by hot pressing and sintering method, which can significantly improve the thermal conductivity, chemical corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties and excellent tribological characteristics of the aluminum-silicon alloy; the Si content in the Al-18Si alloy is relatively high, and at the same time, replacing the elemental powder with TiC can promote and generation, and reduce the content of impurity phases TiC and in the product; Al and Si can simultaneously serve as the A-site of the MAX phase, and achieve A-site solid solution strengthening of the MAX phase under high temperature and high pressure, that is, part of Ti, Al and Si are evenly distributed in the whole matrix to form a TiAl(Si)C solid solution; then, the aluminum-silicon alloy block, the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement generated by the hot pressing and sintering method, core-shell structure powder, and Yb powder are melted in a melting furnace to obtain an alloy metal liquid, which can be directly poured into a mold to obtain the required aluminum-silicon alloy product.

[0023] 2. In the present application, Yb powder is added during the melting process. The rare earth metal Yb can refine the grains of the aluminum-silicon alloy and improve the microstructure of the alloy, thereby further improving the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy.

[0024] 3. In the present application, and are used as raw materials to successfully prepare core-shell structure composite powder by molten salt method. The aluminum-silicon alloy can be further strengthened by core-shell structure powder, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the aluminum-silicon alloy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a scanning electron microscope image (100 times) of the strengthened aluminum-silicon alloy prepared in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to preparation examples and examples.

[0027] The chemical reagents used in the preparation examples, examples and comparative examples provided by the present invention are all commercially available products.

[0028] Preparation Example Preparation of Core-Shell Structure Powder

[0029] Preparation Example 1

[0030] Weigh 0.5 g of boron carbide, 0.4 g of titanium dihydride, 1.5 g of sodium chloride, and 2 g of potassium chloride as raw materials; dry the sodium chloride at 150 °C for 4 h; add the dried sodium chloride, boron carbide, titanium dihydride, and potassium chloride to 50 mL of absolute ethanol and mix evenly. Then, magnetically stir the mixed solution for 20 h, and then remove the absolute ethanol through a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry at 50 °C for 14 h to obtain a dried mixture; then, under the protection of high-purity argon, keep the dried mixture in a tubular furnace at 1300 °C for 2 h; after cooling, soak and wash the product with ultrapure water 3 times, and then dry at 60 °C for 16 h to obtain a core-shell structured powder.

[0031] Preparation Example 2

[0032] Weigh 0.5 g of boron carbide, 0.4 g of titanium dihydride, 1.5 g of sodium chloride, and 2 g of potassium chloride as raw materials; dry the sodium chloride at 175 °C for 3 h; add the dried sodium chloride, boron carbide, titanium dihydride, and potassium chloride to 55 mL of absolute ethanol and mix evenly. Then, magnetically stir the mixed solution for 23 h, and then remove the absolute ethanol through a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry at 55 °C for 12 h to obtain a dried mixture; then, under the protection of high-purity argon, keep the dried mixture in a tubular furnace at 1400 °C for 3 h; after cooling, soak and wash the product with ultrapure water 4 times, and then dry at 65 °C for 14 h to obtain a core-shell structured powder.

[0033] Preparation Example 3

[0034] Weigh 0.5 g of boron carbide, 0.4 g of titanium dihydride, 1.5 g of sodium chloride, and 2 g of potassium chloride as raw materials; dry the sodium chloride at 200 °C for 2 h; add the dried sodium chloride, boron carbide, titanium dihydride, and potassium chloride to 60 mL of absolute ethanol and mix evenly. Then, magnetically stir the mixed solution for 26 h, and then remove the absolute ethanol through a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry at 60 °C for 10 h to obtain a dried mixture; then, under the protection of high-purity argon, keep the dried mixture in a tubular furnace at 1500 °C for 4 h; after cooling, soak and wash the product with ultrapure water 5 times, and then dry at 70 °C for 12 h to obtain a core-shell structured powder.

[0035] Preparation Example 4

[0036] The difference between Preparation Example 4 and Preparation Example 1 is that in Preparation Example 4, the raw materials are 0.55 g of boron carbide, 0.45 g of titanium dihydride, 1.75 g of sodium chloride, and 2.25 g of potassium chloride.

[0037] Preparation Example 5

[0038] Preparation Example 5 is different from Preparation Example 1 in that in Preparation Example 5, the raw materials are 0.6 g of boron carbide raw material, 0.5 g of titanium dihydride raw material, 2 g of sodium chloride raw material, and 2.5 g of potassium chloride raw material.

[0039] Preparation Example 6

[0040] Preparation Example 6 is different from Preparation Example 1 in that in Preparation Example 6, the raw materials are 0.4 g of boron carbide raw material, 0.3 g of titanium dihydride raw material, 1 g of sodium chloride raw material, and 1.5 g of potassium chloride raw material.

[0041] Preparation Example 7

[0042] Preparation Example 7 is different from Preparation Example 1 in that in Preparation Example 7, the raw materials are 0.7 g of boron carbide raw material, 0.6 g of titanium dihydride raw material, 2.5 g of sodium chloride raw material, and 3 g of potassium chloride raw material.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] S1. Based on 10 g, 8.5 g of Al-18Si alloy powder, 0.8 g of TiC powder, and 0.7 g of Ti powder are placed in a ball milling tank. After adding 40 g of agate balls, ball milling and mixing are carried out at a ball milling speed of 150 r / min for 24 h to obtain a mixed powder;

[0045] S2. The mixed powder obtained in S1 is subjected to hot press sintering for 1 h in a high-purity argon atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1200 °C and a sintering pressure of 50 MPa, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement;

[0046] S3. 9 g of aluminum-silicon alloy block, 0.6 g of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2, 0.343 g of the core-shell structure powder obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 0.057 g of Yb powder are melted at 850 °C, and then poured into a mold to obtain a reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy;

[0047] In this example, the particle size of the Al-18Si alloy powder is 50 - 80 μm; the particle size of the TiC powder is 1 - 10 μm; the particle size of the Ti powder is 10 - 50 μm.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] S1. Based on 10 g, 8.5 g of Al-18Si alloy powder, 0.8 g of TiC powder, and 0.7 g of Ti powder are placed in a ball milling tank. After adding 50 g of agate balls, ball milling and mixing are carried out at a ball milling speed of 175 r / min for 17 h to obtain a mixed powder;

[0050] S2. The mixed powder obtained in S1 is subjected to hot press sintering for 2 h under a high-purity argon atmosphere, at a sintering temperature of 1400 °C and a sintering pressure of 40 MPa, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement;

[0051] S3. 9 g of an aluminum-silicon alloy block, 0.6 g of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2, 0.343 g of the core-shell structured powder, and 0.057 g of Yb powder are melted at 950 °C, and then poured into a mold to obtain a reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy;

[0052] In this example, the particle size of the Al-18Si alloy powder is 50 - 80 μm; the particle size of the TiC powder is 1 - 10 μm; the particle size of the Ti powder is 10 - 50 μm.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] S1. Based on 10 g, 8.5 g of Al-18Si alloy powder, 0.8 g of TiC powder, and 0.7 g of Ti powder are placed in a ball milling jar. After adding 60 g of agate balls, ball milling and mixing are carried out at a ball milling speed of 200 r / min for 10 h to obtain a mixed powder;

[0055] S2. The mixed powder obtained in S1 is subjected to hot press sintering for 3 h under a high-purity argon atmosphere, at a sintering temperature of 1600 °C and a sintering pressure of 30 MPa, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement;

[0056] S3. 9 g of an aluminum-silicon alloy block, 0.6 g of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2, 0.343 g of the core-shell structured powder, and 0.057 g of Yb powder are melted at 1000 °C, and then poured into a mold to obtain a reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy;

[0057] In this example, the particle size of the Al-18Si alloy powder is 50 - 80 μm; the particle size of the TiC powder is 1 - 10 μm; the particle size of the Ti powder is 10 - 50 μm.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that in Example 4, the mass of the Al-18Si alloy powder used in S1 is 9 g, the mass of the TiC powder is 0.5 g, and the mass of the Ti powder is 0.5 g.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] Example 5 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 5, the mass of the Al-18Si alloy powder used in S1 is 9.5 g, the mass of the TiC powder is 0.2 g, and the mass of the Ti powder is 0.3 g.

[0062] Example 6

[0063] Example 6 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 6, the mass of the Al-18Si alloy powder used in S1 is 7.5 g, the mass of the TiC powder is 1.4 g, and the mass of the Ti powder is 1.1 g.

[0064] Example 7

[0065] Example 7 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 7, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy block used in S3 is 9.25 g, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2 is 0.45 g, and the mass of the core-shell structured powder obtained from Preparation Example 1 is 0.249 g, and the mass of the Yb powder is 0.051 g.

[0066] Example 8

[0067] Example 8 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 8, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy block used in S3 is 9.5 g, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2 is 0.3 g, and the mass of the core-shell structured powder obtained from Preparation Example 1 is 0.155 g, and the mass of the Yb powder is 0.045 g.

[0068] Example 9

[0069] Example 9 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 9, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy block used in S3 is 8.5 g, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2 is 0.75 g, and the mass of the core-shell structured powder obtained from Preparation Example 1 is 0.531 g, and the mass of the Yb powder is 0.069 g.

[0070] Example 10

[0071] Example 10 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 10, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy block used in S3 is 9.8 g, the mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2 is 0.1 g, and the mass of the core-shell structured powder obtained from Preparation Example 1 is 0.055 g, and the mass of the Yb powder is 0.025 g.

[0072] Example 11

[0073] Example 11 is different from Example 1 in that in Example 11, the The core-shell structured powder was obtained from Preparation Example 2.

[0074] Example 12

[0075] The difference between Example 12 and Example 1 is that, in Example 12, the core-shell structured powder was obtained from Preparation Example 3.

[0076] Example 13

[0077] The difference between Example 13 and Example 1 is that, in Example 13, the core-shell structured powder was obtained from Preparation Example 4.

[0078] Example 14

[0079] The difference between Example 14 and Example 1 is that, in Example 14, the core-shell structured powder was obtained from Preparation Example 5.

[0080] Example 15

[0081] The difference between Example 15 and Example 1 is that, in Example 15, the core-shell structured powder was obtained from Preparation Example 6.

[0082] Example 16

[0083] The difference between Example 16 and Example 1 is that, in Example 16, the core-shell structured powder was obtained from Preparation Example 7.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that, in Comparative Example 1, the mass of the Al-18Si alloy powder used in S1 was 9.5 g, and the mass of the TiC powder was 0.5 g.

[0086] Comparative Example 2

[0087] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that, in Comparative Example 2, the mass of the Al-18Si alloy powder used in S1 was 9.5 g, and the mass of the Ti powder was 0.5 g.

[0088] Comparative Example 3

[0089] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that, in Comparative Example 3, no core-shell structured powder was added in S3.

[0090] Comparative Example 4

[0091] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that Yb powder was not added in S3 in Comparative Example 4.

[0092] Performance detection test

[0093] I. Referring to GB / T 228.1-2021 "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature", the tensile strength and yield strength of the reinforced aluminum-silicon alloys obtained in Examples 1-16 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were detected, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0094] II. Referring to GB / T 3651-2008 "Method for measuring thermal conductivity of metals at high temperature", the thermal conductivity of the reinforced aluminum-silicon alloys obtained in Examples 1-16 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was detected, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0095] III. Wear resistance detection: The prepared specimens were placed on a wear-resistant testing machine, and the test parameters were set. The load force was set to 10 N, the rotation speed was set to 300 rpm, and the test time was set to 30 minutes. The weights before and after friction were recorded, and the loss percentage was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] The specific detection results are as follows:

[0097] Table 1 Performance detection results

[0098] It can be seen from the detection results in Table 1 that the silicon-aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of an aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the present application has high tensile strength and yield strength; the thermal conductivity reaches 150 W / (m·K), indicating that the silicon-aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of an aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the present application has good thermal conductivity; the weight loss percentage before and after friction is less than 1%, indicating that the silicon-aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of an aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the present application has excellent wear resistance.

[0099] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present application, and it is not a limitation to the present application. Those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contributions to this embodiment according to needs after reading this specification, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present application, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Place Al-18Si alloy powder, TiC powder, and Ti powder in a ball milling jar. After adding grinding balls, perform ball milling and mixing to obtain a mixed powder; S2. Carry out hot pressing sintering on the mixed powder obtained in S1 under an inert atmosphere, and cool it in the furnace to room temperature to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement; S3. The aluminum-silicon alloy block, the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2, the core-shell structured powder, and the Yb powder are melted, and then poured into a mold to obtain the reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy.

2. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: The masses of the Al-18Si alloy powder, TiC powder, and Ti powder described in S1 include 85-95% of the Al-18Si alloy powder, 2-8% of the TiC powder, and 3-7% of the Ti powder by mass percentage.

3. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: The particle size of the Al-18Si alloy powder described in S1 is 50-80μm; the particle size of the TiC powder is 1-10μm; the particle size of the Ti powder is 10-50μm.

4. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding balls described in S1 are agate balls; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the total mass of the Al-18Si alloy powder, TiC powder, and Ti powder is 4-6:1; the ball milling speed is 150-200r / min, and the ball milling time is 10-24h.

5. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature of the hot pressing sintering described in S2 is 1200-1600°C, the sintering pressure is 30-50MPa, and the sintering time is 1-3h.

6. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum-silicon alloy block described in S3, the aluminum-silicon alloy reinforcement obtained in S2, The mass ratio of the core-shell structure powder and Yb powder is 90-95:3-6:1.55-3.43:0.45-0.

57.

7. The preparation method of a reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the core-shell structure powder comprises the following steps: Weigh raw materials boron carbide, titanium dihydride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride; dry sodium chloride at 150 - 200 °C for 2 - 4 h; add the dried sodium chloride, boron carbide, titanium dihydride, and potassium chloride to absolute ethanol and mix evenly. Subsequently, magnetically stir the mixed solution for 20 - 26 h, then remove absolute ethanol through a rotary evaporator, and vacuum dry at 50 - 60 °C for 10 - 14 h to obtain a dried mixture; subsequently, under the protection of high-purity argon, keep the dried mixture in a tube furnace at 1300 - 1500 °C for 2 - 4 h; after cooling, soak the product in ultrapure water and wash it several times, and then dry at 60 - 70 °C for 12 - 16 h to obtain core-shell structured powder.

8. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of boron carbide, titanium dihydride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride is 0.5-0.6:0.4-0.5:1.5-2:2-2.

5.

9. The preparation method of an enhanced aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melting temperature described in S3 is 850-1000°C.

10. The application of a reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The application of the reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy in the preparation of aluminum-silicon alloy products.

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