Self-adaptive anchor rod and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel supporting, in particular to a self-adaptive anchor rod and a construction method.The self-adaptive anchor rod comprises a rod body, a plurality of spiral sections are arranged above the rod body, two symmetrical spiral grooves are formed in each spiral section, and a center resin channel is further formed in the middle of the rod body; and the multiple barbed nail assemblies are slidably installed on the spiral grooves correspondingly, each barbed nail assembly comprises an outer barbed unit and a glue spraying unit, the outer barbed units are used for penetrating the rock outwards to be fixed, and the glue spraying units are used for spraying rapid-hardening resin outwards at high pressure. Compared with the prior art, the barb unit is arranged to be matched with the fixed sleeve, the sliding sleeve, the driving plate and the ejector rod, the shear resistance and the earthquake resistance of the anchoring body are further improved, and safe and stable supporting in the complex geological environment is effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and particularly to an adaptive bolt and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A bolt is an important support component widely used in roadways, tunnels, mines, and other underground projects. It is usually made of high-strength steel and installed in the surrounding rock through drilling. It plays a role in strengthening loose, broken, or unstable rock masses into a relatively integral whole. The bolt firmly fixes the surrounding rock through the anchoring force, effectively improving the overall stability of the rock mass, preventing the occurrence of rockfall, deformation, or collapse of the rock layer, and thus ensuring the safe construction and operation of underground projects.

[0003] In the prior art, in the Chinese patent document "Umbrella-shaped Bolt and Construction Method" with the publication number CN115126516A, it is proposed that by opening the umbrella wings, support rod bodies, and spiked rod bodies, the spiked rod bodies can penetrate into the interior of the rock mass, which can increase the friction between the bolt and the rock mass and prevent relative displacement between the bolt and the rock mass. In addition, the Chinese patent document "Shotcrete-lattice Beam Mesh Hanging Construction Method for Roadway Surrounding Rock Support" with the publication number CN110685721A introduces the installation of bolts. First, use a blower to clean the rock residues and accumulated water in the bolt holes. When cleaning, the operator stands on one side of the hole opening, and it is strictly prohibited for construction personnel to stand in the position in the same direction as the hole opening. Fix the resin anchoring agent to the bottom of the bolt hole through a drill rod, and ensure that the bolt abuts against the resin anchoring agent. And the other end of the bolt should be sleeved with a wire mesh, an anchor plate, a nut, and a special sleeve. Then, drive the bolt through a drill rig, and at the same time, use the drill rig to drive the bolt to rotate to stir the anchoring agent evenly for about 20 seconds. Then turn off the drill rig, and then apply pressure to the bolt with the drill rig. However, when implementing the above solutions, there are still certain limitations. For example, umbrella-shaped bolts and expansion shell bolts usually rely on a single structure to achieve anchoring. Due to insufficient anchoring area, they are prone to failure in fractured rock layers and cannot effectively prevent the deformation and collapse of the surrounding rock. In addition, the curing speed of resin materials is relatively slow, usually taking more than 30 minutes to reach the initial setting state, resulting in its inability to provide sufficient support force immediately after installation, which limits its application in some projects that urgently need rapid support. In addition, when the bolt is installed by rotation to enhance the anchoring force, during the drilling process, the rotating spiral blades are prone to scratching the drilling wall, causing damage to the hole wall, and then reducing the anchoring effect and affecting the overall support performance.

[0004] Therefore, this application discloses an adaptive bolt and a construction method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive bolt and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems that traditional mechanical bolts, such as umbrella-shaped and expansion shell-type bolts, rely on a single structure for anchoring and are prone to failure in fractured rock formations, and resin bolts have a slow curing speed and cannot provide support force immediately.

[0006] Based on the above object, the present invention provides an adaptive bolt, including a rod body, several groups of spiral sections are arranged above the rod body, two symmetric spiral grooves are arranged on each group of spiral sections, and a central resin channel is also opened in the middle of the rod body; Several nail assemblies, several of the nail assemblies are respectively slidably installed on the spiral grooves, the nail assembly includes an outer nail unit and a glue spraying unit, the outer nail unit is used for piercing into the rock outward for fixation, and the glue spraying unit is used for high-pressure spraying of quick-setting resin outward.

[0007] Preferably, the two spiral grooves are arranged in opposite forms, the groove depth of the spiral groove gradually increases from one side to the other side, a sliding groove is opened at the bottom surface of the spiral groove, and side positioning grooves are opened on both sides of the spiral groove, and the side positioning grooves are parallel to the outer surface of the spiral groove.

[0008] Preferably, the outer nail unit includes a sliding cylinder slidably installed above the spiral groove, an installation sleeve is arranged at the top of the sliding cylinder, a bifurcated barbed nail is arranged inside the installation sleeve, the bifurcated barbed nail is arranged obliquely, the inclination angle of the bifurcated barbed nail is set between 60° and 80°, a first sliding rod is arranged at the bottom of the sliding cylinder, the first sliding rod is slidably installed inside the sliding groove, and a limiting ring is arranged on one side of the first sliding rod, the limiting ring is located below the sliding groove, the diameter of the limiting ring is larger than the width of the sliding groove, a first telescopic plate following the movement of the first sliding rod is arranged inside the sliding groove, and a sealing rubber strip is arranged between the first telescopic plate and the sliding groove.

[0009] Preferably, the glue spraying unit includes a resin microchamber arranged inside the sliding cylinder, lateral glue spraying holes are opened on both sides of the top of the sliding cylinder, the two lateral glue spraying holes are both communicated with the resin microchamber, the axis of the lateral glue spraying hole is set at an angle of 30° to 60° with the nail unfolding direction, a liquid inlet channel is arranged inside the first sliding rod, the liquid inlet channel is communicated with the bottom of the resin microchamber, and the bottom of the liquid inlet channel penetrates into the inside of the central resin channel.

[0010] Preferably, a second sliding rod is slidably installed in the middle of the inside of the sliding cylinder. The bottom of the second sliding rod penetrates through the liquid inlet channel, and a glue inlet blocking block is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding rod. The glue inlet blocking block is used to block the bottom of the liquid inlet channel. A positioning block is arranged at the top of the second sliding rod. Through grooves are formed on both sides of the sliding cylinder. Positioning rods are arranged on both sides of the positioning block. The two positioning rods respectively penetrate through the through grooves and slide inside the through grooves. Second telescopic plates that follow the sliding of the positioning rods are also arranged on the two through grooves. A sealing rubber strip is arranged between the second telescopic plate and the through groove. Sliding balls are arranged at the other ends of the two positioning rods. The two sliding balls are respectively slidably installed inside the side positioning grooves. When the spike assembly slides inside the spiral groove, the spike assembly slides from the deep part of the spiral groove to the shallow part of the spiral groove. The sliding cylinder gradually rises while sliding on the spiral groove, and the sliding ball gradually slides down under the drive of the side positioning groove, driving the glue inlet blocking block to release the blocking state of the liquid inlet channel.

[0011] Preferably, extension rods are also arranged on both sides of the positioning rod. Glue outlet blocking blocks adapted to the lateral glue spraying holes are arranged at the tops of the extension rods. When the glue inlet blocking block moves downward to release the blocking state of the liquid inlet channel, the glue outlet blocking block simultaneously opens the through state of the lateral glue spraying holes.

[0012] Preferably, the quick-setting resin filled in the bifurcated barbs contains steel fibers, the fiber length of which is between 3 and 5 mm, and the proportion is between 5% and 10%.

[0013] Preferably, a fixing plate is also arranged in the middle of the inside of the sliding cylinder. Matching grooves for the movement of the positioning rod are formed on both sides of the fixing plate. A fixed sleeve is arranged at the bottom of the fixing plate. A sliding sleeve is slidably installed inside the fixed sleeve. A connecting rod is arranged at the bottom of the sliding sleeve and is connected to the top surface of the positioning block. A positioning sleeve penetrates through the middle of the fixing plate and the fixed sleeve. A top rod is slidably installed inside the positioning sleeve. The top of the top rod is connected to the bottom surface of the second sliding rod. A driving groove is formed on one side of the positioning sleeve close to the sliding sleeve. An inclined driving plate is slidably installed inside the driving groove. One side of the driving plate is in contact with one end of the top rod. Force-bearing contact blocks are arranged on both sides of the driving plate. One surface of each of the two force-bearing contact blocks is inclined, and the inclined surfaces of the two force-bearing contact blocks are arranged in opposite directions. Driving blocks are arranged on both sides of the inner side surface of the sliding sleeve. The two driving blocks are respectively adapted to the two driving plates. The driving blocks are used to push the driving plate and the driving groove to move. When the driving plate moves, the top rod moves synchronously in the opposite direction.

[0014] Preferably, a universal joint is provided at the connection between the connecting rod and the top surface of the positioning block and at the connection between the top of the top rod and the bottom surface of the forked barb.

[0015] The present invention also discloses an adaptive anchor construction method, which is applied to the above-mentioned adaptive anchor, and comprises the following steps: S1: After the rock mass is drilled and cleaned, quick-setting resin containing steel fibers is pre-injected. The resin has good fluidity and permeability, pre-fills the micro-cracks in the hole wall, and establishes the initial bonding foundation for subsequent mechanical nail deployment and high-pressure glue injection; S2: Insert the rod body with integrated external thorn unit and glue spraying unit into the hole. By rotating the rod body, the thorn assembly slides from deep to shallow and expands radially under the guidance of the bidirectional spiral groove. The sliding cylinder generates centrifugal force during rotation, pushing the bifurcated barbs to actively penetrate into the rock mass, completing the initial mechanical anchoring. S3: During the sliding process of the piercing nail, the sliding ball and the positioning rod are driven to work together, thereby releasing the glue inlet and outlet sealing blocks, opening up the flow path of the central resin channel-liquid inlet channel-microcavity-spray hole, and the resin is ejected from the spray hole driven by the internal pressure and penetrates into the rock mass cracks and hole walls in a directional manner; S4: With the position of the sliding cylinder fixed, the push rod pushes the barb outward in the opposite direction under the guidance of the sleeve linkage and the inclined surface of the driving block to achieve mechanical locking. At the same time, the sprayed resin is quickly solidified within five minutes. The steel fibers form a reinforced network in it, forming a stable interface with the spikes and the rock mass, and jointly constructing a high-strength, shear-resistant and pull-out-resistant three-dimensional composite anchoring system.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The adaptive anchor and construction method are provided with a barb unit, a fixed sleeve, a sliding sleeve, a driving plate and a push rod. The movement of the sliding cylinder caused by the rotation of the anchor is used as a driving source. The sliding sleeve is linked to move downward by a connecting rod to drive the driving block to act on the inclined driving plate, thereby converting the longitudinal displacement into a reverse lateral movement of the push rod. The push action of the push rod on the forked barb is used to complete the piercing operation into the rock mass. Universal joints are provided between the push rod and the barb, and between the connecting rod and the positioning block to ensure that the force transmission path is flexible and accurate, and to avoid jamming errors caused by multi-axis linkage. The structure does not require external power and only relies on the internal response of the anchor body structure to realize the barb deployment action. It has good response consistency and action coordination, and can form a synchronous release effect between each group of spikes, which significantly improves the integrity, mechanical coordination and pull-out resistance of the overall anchoring structure. At the same time, through the multi-angle insertion and mechanical engagement of the forked barb, the shear and seismic resistance of the anchor body are further improved, effectively ensuring safe and stable support in complex geological environments.

[0017] 2. This kind of adaptive anchor rod and construction method is provided with a glue spraying unit. The glue spraying unit adopts a built-in micro-cavity, a lateral spray hole and a double blocking structure. At the end of the sliding of the sliding cylinder, the sliding ball and the positioning rod are linked to release the glue inlet and outlet sealing state to achieve the synchronous release of resin. The system has a dual control mechanism of pressure response start and position trigger start to ensure that glue is sprayed only when the spike assembly slides into place to prevent premature glue seepage or waste. At the same time, the side spray holes are arranged at an angle along the insertion direction, which is conducive to the resin penetrating into the rock cracks. Combined with steel fiber mixed resin, it can quickly fill and cross-link and cure to form an enhanced bonding interface, thereby improving the overall density and durability of the anchor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spike assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the spike assembly of the present invention is thrown out in the spiral groove; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the spike assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed sleeve, the sliding sleeve, the driving plate and the ejector rod of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the glue discharging and blocking block of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extension rod and the glue outlet blocking block of the present invention.

[0020] The markings in the figure are: 1. Rod body; 2. Spiral section; 3. Spiral groove; 4. Sliding groove; 5. Side positioning groove; 6. Sliding cylinder; 7. First sliding rod; 8. Limiting ring; 9. Liquid inlet channel; 10. Second sliding rod; 11. Glue inlet plugging block; 12. Positioning block; 13. Positioning rod; 14. Sliding ball; 15. Through groove; 16. Resin microcavity; 17. Lateral glue spraying hole; 18. Extension rod; 19. Glue outlet plugging block; 20. Fixed plate; 21. Fixed sleeve; 22. Sliding sleeve; 23. Driving block; 24. Positioning sleeve; 25. Thrust rod; 26. Driving groove; 27. Driving plate; 28. Force-bearing contact block; 29. Installation sleeve; 30. Forked barbs; 31. Central resin channel. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following further elaborates on the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the ordinary meanings understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention pertains. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent relative position relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] As Figures 1 to 8 shown, the adaptive anchor bolt includes a rod body 1. Above the rod body 1, several groups of spiral sections 2 are provided. On each group of spiral sections 2, two symmetrical spiral grooves 3 are provided. In the middle of the rod body 1, a central resin channel 31 is also opened; several stud assemblies are respectively slidably installed on the spiral grooves 3. The stud assembly includes an outer stud unit and a glue spraying unit. The outer stud unit is used to pierce into the rock outward for fixation, and the glue spraying unit is used to spray high-pressure quick-setting resin outward. Among them, the two spiral grooves 3 are arranged in opposite forms. The groove depth of the spiral groove 3 gradually increases from one side to the other side. A sliding groove 4 is opened on the bottom surface of the spiral groove 3. Side positioning grooves 5 are opened on both sides of the spiral groove 3. The side positioning grooves 5 are parallel to the outer surface of the spiral groove 3; At the construction site, first, the rock formation is drilled. After cleaning the hole wall, an appropriate amount of quick-setting resin is injected into the hole through a grouting device. Subsequently, a bolt pre-equipped with multiple spiral segments 2 and a barb assembly is inserted into the drill hole to a predetermined depth. The operator slowly rotates the bolt clockwise. Since the spiral grooves 3 on each group of spiral segments 2 are symmetrically arranged and the groove depths of the two grooves gradually rise from one side to the other side, the barb assembly is driven by the rotation to slide from the inside to the outside along the track of the sliding groove 4 and gradually unfolds under the action of centrifugal force and track guidance. During the sliding process, the outer barb unit of the barb assembly smoothly penetrates into the rock mass to achieve preliminary mechanical anchoring. At the same time, the glue spraying unit starts to release the internal quick-setting resin under high pressure. The resin is ejected from the surface of the barbs through the spray holes and penetrates into the cracks in the surrounding rock mass to achieve the bonding and filling of the hole wall interface and micro-cracks, further enhancing the compactness and integrity of the anchoring area. The rotation process continuously promotes all the barb assemblies to be evenly distributed and unfolded along the spiral track. After the entire bolt reaches the anchoring state, the rotation is stopped. The barbs complete the position locking through the end limit and barbed structure. The quick-setting resin cures within five minutes, and finally a ternary composite anchoring system of barb-rock mass-resin is formed to achieve the support goals of rapid support, immediate load-bearing, and long-term stability.

[0024] As Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 shown, the outer barb unit includes a sliding cylinder 6 slidably mounted above the spiral groove 3. The top of the sliding cylinder 6 is provided with a mounting sleeve 29. The inside of the mounting sleeve 29 is provided with a bifurcated barb 30. The bifurcated barb 30 is inclined. The inclination angle of the bifurcated barb 30 is set between 60° and 80°. The bottom of the sliding cylinder 6 is provided with a first sliding rod 7. The first sliding rod 7 is slidably mounted inside the sliding groove 4. And a limiting ring 8 is provided on one side of the first sliding rod 7. The limiting ring 8 is located below the sliding groove 4. The diameter of the limiting ring 8 is larger than the width of the sliding groove 4. The inner side of the sliding groove 4 is provided with a first telescopic plate that moves with the first sliding rod 7. And a sealing strip is provided between the first telescopic plate and the sliding groove 4. During the actual support construction process, the operator inserts the bolt pre-installed with the barbed nail assembly into the rock mass borehole. After injecting a certain amount of quick-setting resin, the bolt starts to rotate clockwise. As the bolt rotates, the outer barbed unit starts to work: The sliding cylinder 6 rotates and slides along the groove under the guidance of the spiral groove 3 track. At the same time, the first sliding rod 7 at the bottom of the sliding cylinder 6 moves in the sliding groove 4. Due to the raised slope at the bottom of the groove, the barbed nail assembly is gradually expanded radially outward during the sliding process. During the sliding process, the first telescopic plate inside the sliding groove 4 moves synchronously with the sliding rod, driving the sealing strip to always fit the groove wall, ensuring the sealed state, avoiding resin leakage at the groove opening or impurity intrusion. The installation sleeve 29 at the top of the sliding cylinder 6 is pushed out with the whole outer barbed unit, and the bifurcated barbs 30 at its top penetrate into the rock mass structure at an inclination angle of 60° - 80° set, and achieve embedded mechanical locking through the conical barb structure to prevent retraction and slippage. The whole penetration and expansion process does not require independent driving, and can be achieved only by the rotational force and centrifugal force, while maintaining the airtightness of the system and the precise expansion path, and finally achieving the anchoring effect of rapid expansion, anti-pulling enhancement and resin synergistic bonding.

[0025] Such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown in the figure, the glue spraying unit includes a resin micro-cavity 16 provided inside the sliding cylinder 6. Lateral glue spraying holes 17 are formed on both sides of the top of the sliding cylinder 6. Both of the two lateral glue spraying holes 17 are communicated with the resin micro-cavity 16. The axis of the lateral glue spraying hole 17 is set at an angle of 30° to 60° with the direction of staple deployment. A liquid inlet channel 9 is provided inside the first sliding rod 7. The liquid inlet channel 9 is communicated with the bottom of the resin micro-cavity 16. The bottom of the liquid inlet channel 9 penetrates into the inside of the central resin channel 31. A second sliding rod 10 is slidably installed in the middle of the inside of the sliding cylinder 6. The bottom of the second sliding rod 10 penetrates through the liquid inlet channel 9, and a glue inlet blocking block 11 is provided at the bottom of the second sliding rod 10. The glue inlet blocking block 11 is used to block the bottom of the liquid inlet channel 9. A positioning block 12 is provided at the top of the second sliding rod 10. Through grooves 15 are formed on both sides of the sliding cylinder 6. Positioning rods 13 are provided on both sides of the positioning block 12. The two positioning rods 13 respectively penetrate through the through grooves 15 and slide inside the through grooves 15. Second expansion plates that follow the sliding of the positioning rods 13 are also provided on the two through grooves 15, and a sealing strip is provided between the second expansion plates and the through grooves 15. The other ends of the two positioning rods 13 are both provided with sliding balls 14. The two sliding balls 14 are respectively slidably installed inside the side positioning grooves 5. When the staple assembly slides inside the spiral groove 3, the staple assembly slides from the deep part of the spiral groove 3 to the shallow part of the spiral groove 3. The sliding cylinder 6 gradually rises while sliding on the spiral groove 3, and the sliding ball 14 gradually slides down under the drive of the side positioning groove 5, driving the glue inlet blocking block 11 to release the blocking state of the liquid inlet channel 9. Extension rods 18 are also provided on both sides of the positioning rod 13. A glue outlet blocking block 19 adapted to the lateral glue spraying hole 17 is provided at the top of the extension rod 18. When the glue inlet blocking block 11 moves downward to release the blocking state of the liquid inlet channel 9, the glue outlet blocking block 19 simultaneously opens the through state of the lateral glue spraying hole 17; In actual application, the anchor rod is inserted into the rock borehole after glue injection and starts to rotate. As it rotates, the piercing nail assembly gradually slides along the trajectory of the spiral groove 3. Under the action of the gradual increase in the groove depth, the sliding cylinder 6 gradually moves up. At the same time, the sliding ball 14 on the piercing nail assembly slides down in the side positioning groove 5 corresponding to the outer side of the spiral groove 3, driving the positioning rod 13 connected thereto to move downward as a whole. Since the positioning rod 13 is connected to the top positioning block 12 of the second sliding rod 10, the sliding movement of the sliding ball 14 simultaneously drives the second sliding rod 10 to slide downward, so that the glue plugging block 11 at its bottom end exits the bottom of the liquid inlet channel 9, completing the unsealing action. At this time, the quick-setting resin located in the central resin channel 31 is passed into the liquid inlet channel 9 and enters the resin microcavity 16. At the same time, the extension rods 18 on both sides of the positioning rod 13 are linked with the positioning rod 13 to drive the glue outlet blocking block 19 installed in front of the glue injection hole downward to release the blocking state, and the two lateral glue injection holes 17 are opened synchronously. At this time, under the action of the system pressure, the resin is sprayed from the resin microcavity 16 through the already connected glue injection holes to the rock cracks on both sides with high pressure, so as to realize the directional release of the resin and the efficient penetration and bonding of the surrounding rock formations. During the whole process, the glue injection action is precisely controlled by the sliding state of the thorn nail assembly, so as to ensure that the glue injection channel is automatically opened only when the thorn nail is in place, and the sliding parts are sealed and the action is smooth through the through groove 15 and the sealing telescopic plate structure, so as to ensure that the glue injection is accurate, efficient and safe, and finally form a "structural anchoring + interface filling" synergistic composite anchoring system with the external thorn unit; The quick-setting resin filled in the bifurcated barbs 30 contains steel fibers, the fiber length of which is between 3 and 5 mm, and the proportion is between 5% and 10%; Steel fibers form a uniformly distributed micro-reinforced structure in the resin matrix, which can effectively bear stress under the action of external force, delay the crack propagation process, make the resin as a whole show higher tensile strength and shear strength, and enhance the overall mechanical properties of the anchoring system. Steel fibers are mixed and arranged inside the barbs, and have good compatibility with the metal structure of the bifurcated spikes. After curing, they can form a good interface interlocking with the rock hole wall and the spike metal, especially penetrate into micro-cracks or pores to form multi-point interlocking, thereby improving the overall stiffness and stability of the anchoring area. In addition, steel fibers have good ductility and impact resistance, which can significantly improve the deformation adaptability of quick-setting resins under stress fluctuation conditions such as blasting disturbance and instantaneous displacement of rock mass, avoid brittle failure, and improve the fatigue life of the anchoring system.

[0026] like Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, a fixing plate 20 is further provided in the middle of the inner part of the sliding cylinder 6. Matching grooves for the movement of the positioning rod 13 are provided on both sides of the fixing plate 20. A fixing sleeve 21 is provided at the bottom of the fixing plate 20. A sliding sleeve 22 is slidably installed inside the fixing sleeve 21. A connecting rod is provided at the bottom of the sliding sleeve 22 and is connected to the top surface of the positioning block 12. A positioning sleeve 24 is provided through the middle of the fixing plate 20 and the fixing sleeve 21. A push rod 25 is slidably installed inside the positioning sleeve 24. The top of the push rod 25 is connected to the bottom surface of the second sliding rod 10. A driving groove 26 is provided on one side of the positioning sleeve 24 close to the sliding sleeve 22. An inclined driving plate 27 is slidably installed inside the driving groove 26. One side of the driving plate 27 is in contact with one end of the push rod 25. Force-bearing contact blocks 28 are provided on both sides of the driving plate 27. One surface of each of the two force-bearing contact blocks 28 is inclined, and the inclined surfaces of the two force-bearing contact blocks 28 are arranged in opposite directions. Driving blocks 23 are provided on both sides of the inner side surface of the sliding sleeve 22. The two driving blocks 23 are respectively adapted to the two driving plates 27. The driving blocks 23 are used to push the driving plates 27 and the driving grooves 26 to move. When the driving plate 27 moves, the push rod 25 moves synchronously in the opposite direction. Universal joints are provided at the connection between the connecting rod and the top surface of the positioning block 12 and at the connection between the top of the push rod 25 and the bottom surface of the bifurcated barb 30; During the construction of the anchor rod, when the nail stabbing assembly gradually slides along the rising pitch in the spiral groove 3 and reaches the shallow part at the end of the groove, the positioning rod 13 then slides into the bottom area of the through groove 15. This process causes the connected positioning block 12 to undergo an axial downward slip; the positioning block 12 is connected to the bottom of the sliding sleeve 22 through a connecting rod. The downward movement of the positioning block 12 then drives the entire sliding sleeve 22 to slide downward. The preset driving blocks 23 on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 22 abut against and push the two force-bearing contact blocks 28 during the downward movement. Since the inner surface of the force-bearing contact block 28 is in sliding contact with the inclined driving plate 27, the normal pressure generated by the sliding laterally pushes the driving plate 27 along the inclined surface. At this time, the front end of the other side of the driving plate 27 is in contact with the tail end of the push rod 25. As the driving plate 27 slides, the push rod 25 is pushed in the opposite direction, that is, the downward displacement of the sliding sleeve 22 is converted into the upward displacement of the push rod 25. The push rod 25 is connected to the bottom surface of the bifurcated barb 30 through a universal joint. The upward movement of the push rod 25 is directly transmitted to the bifurcated barb 30, causing it to be pushed out from the top of the sliding cylinder 6, realizing the active outward pushing expansion of the barb. In the entire action chain, the force source comes from the natural displacement of the external structure. Inside, through inclined plane sliding, force transmission between sleeves, and coordination of universal joints, an automatic closed-loop response of the complex action chain of "downward push - turning - upward push" is achieved, improving the controllability, safety, and synchronization of the nail stabbing expansion inside the system, ensuring that the bifurcated barb 30 reliably penetrates into the rock mass at the set position and completes locking, providing a structural prerequisite for subsequent resin injection and curing.

[0027] The present invention also discloses an adaptive anchor construction method, which is applied to the above-mentioned adaptive anchor, and comprises the following steps: S1: After the rock mass is drilled and cleaned, quick-setting resin containing steel fibers is pre-injected. The resin has good fluidity and permeability, pre-fills the micro-cracks in the hole wall, and establishes the initial bonding foundation for subsequent mechanical nail deployment and high-pressure glue injection; S2: insert the rod body 1 integrated with the external thorn unit and the glue spraying unit into the hole, and by rotating the rod body 1, the thorn assembly slides from deep to shallow and radially expands under the guidance of the bidirectional spiral groove 3, and the sliding cylinder 6 generates a centrifugal effect during rotation, pushing the bifurcated barbs 30 to actively penetrate the rock mass, completing the initial mechanical anchoring; S3: During the sliding process of the piercing nail, the sliding ball 14 and the positioning rod 13 are driven to work in conjunction, thereby releasing the glue inlet blocking block 11 and the glue outlet blocking block 19, opening the flow path of the central resin channel 31-liquid inlet channel 9-microcavity-spray hole, and the resin is ejected from the spray hole driven by the internal pressure and penetrates into the rock mass cracks and hole walls in a directional manner; S4: As the position of the sliding cylinder 6 is fixed, the push rod 25 pushes the barb outward in the opposite direction under the guidance of the sleeve linkage and the inclined surface of the driving block 23 to achieve mechanical locking. At the same time, the sprayed resin is quickly solidified within five minutes, and the steel fiber forms a reinforcement network therein, forming a stable interface with the spike and the rock mass, and jointly constructing a high-strength, shear-resistant and pull-resistant three-dimensional composite anchoring system; Compared with the prior art, the adaptive anchor construction method proposed in the present invention effectively fills the micro-cracks in the hole wall by pre-injecting quick-setting resin containing steel fibers, establishes a solid initial bonding foundation, and significantly improves the overall firmness of the anchor; adopts a rod body 1 structure with an integrated external thorn unit and a spray unit, combined with a bidirectional spiral groove 3 to guide the mechanical thorns to expand radially from deep to shallow, thereby realizing an organic combination of mechanical anchoring and chemical anchoring, and enhancing the adaptability of the anchor in complex rock formations; actively penetrates into the rock mass through the centrifugal action generated by the sliding cylinder 6, ensuring the stability of the initial mechanical locking, and at the same time, the sliding mechanism is linked to open up the resin flow path, so that the quick-setting resin can be directionally penetrated into the rock mass cracks, ensuring that the resin is quickly cured and forms a high-strength steel fiber reinforced network, which greatly improves the shear resistance and pull-out resistance of the anchor body; this method realizes the synergistic effect of mechanical locking and chemical consolidation, shortens the curing time, improves the support efficiency, significantly improves the failure problem of anchors in broken or complex rock formations, and overall improves the safety and construction reliability of underground projects.

[0028] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of the present invention as described above, and for the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail.

[0029] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive anchor rod, characterized in that, Comprising: A rod body (1), above which there are several groups of spiral segments (2). On each group of the spiral segments (2), there are two symmetric spiral grooves (3). In the middle of the rod body (1), there is also a central resin channel (31); Several stud assemblies, which are respectively slidably installed on the spiral grooves (3). Each stud assembly includes an outer stud unit and a glue spraying unit. The outer stud unit is used for piercing into the rock outward for fixation, and the glue spraying unit is used for high-pressure spraying of quick-setting resin outward.

2. The adaptive anchor bolt according to claim 1, wherein The two spiral grooves (3) are arranged in opposite forms. The groove depth of the spiral groove (3) gradually rises from one side to the other side. A sliding groove (4) is formed on the bottom surface of the spiral groove (3). On both sides of the spiral groove (3), there are side positioning grooves (5), and the side positioning grooves (5) are parallel to the outer surface of the spiral groove (3).

3. The adaptive bolt according to claim 2, wherein, The outer stud unit includes a sliding cylinder (6) slidably installed above the spiral groove (3). At the top of the sliding cylinder (6), there is a mounting sleeve (29). Inside the mounting sleeve (29), there is a bifurcated barbed spike (30). The bifurcated barbed spike (30) is arranged obliquely, and the inclination angle of the bifurcated barbed spike (30) is set between 60° and 80°. At the bottom of the sliding cylinder (6), there is a first sliding rod (7). The first sliding rod (7) is slidably installed inside the sliding groove (4). On one side of the first sliding rod (7), there is a limiting ring (8). The limiting ring (8) is located below the sliding groove (4), and the diameter of the limiting ring (8) is larger than the width of the sliding groove (4). Inside the sliding groove (4), there is a first telescopic plate that moves along with the first sliding rod (7), and a sealing rubber strip is arranged between the first telescopic plate and the sliding groove (4).

4. The adaptive anchor bolt according to claim 3, wherein The glue spraying unit includes a resin microchamber (16) arranged inside the sliding cylinder (6). On both sides of the top of the sliding cylinder (6), there are lateral glue spraying holes (17). The two lateral glue spraying holes (17) are both communicated with the resin microchamber (16). The axis of the lateral glue spraying hole (17) is set at an angle of 30° to 60° with the stud deployment direction. Inside the first sliding rod (7), there is a liquid inlet channel (9). The liquid inlet channel (9) is communicated with the bottom of the resin microchamber (16). The bottom of the liquid inlet channel (9) penetrates into the inside of the central resin channel (31).

5. The adaptive bolt according to claim 4, wherein A second sliding rod (10) is slidably mounted in the middle of the interior of the sliding cylinder (6), the bottom of the second sliding rod (10) passes through the liquid inlet channel (9), and a glue inlet blocking block (11) is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding rod (10), and the glue inlet blocking block (11) is used to block the bottom of the liquid inlet channel (9), and a positioning block (12) is arranged on the top of the second sliding rod (10), through grooves (15) are provided on both sides of the sliding cylinder (6), and positioning rods (13) are arranged on both sides of the positioning block (12), and the two positioning rods (13) are respectively arranged to pass through the through grooves (15), and the two positioning rods (13) slide inside the through grooves (15) respectively, and the two through grooves (15) are arranged on the same A second telescopic plate is provided to slide following the positioning rod (13), and a sealing strip is provided between the second telescopic plate and the through groove (15). The other ends of the two positioning rods (13) are provided with sliding balls (14), and the two sliding balls (14) are respectively slidably mounted inside the side positioning groove (5). When the piercing nail assembly slides inside the spiral groove (3), the piercing nail assembly slides from the deep part of the spiral groove (3) to the shallow part of the spiral groove (3), the sliding cylinder (6) slides on the spiral groove (3) and gradually rises, and the sliding ball (14) gradually slides down under the drive of the side positioning groove (5), driving the glue inlet blocking block (11) to release the blocking state of the liquid inlet channel (9).

6. The adaptive anchor bolt according to claim 5, wherein, Extension rods (18) are also provided on both sides of the positioning rod (13), and a glue outlet blocking block (19) adapted to the lateral glue injection hole (17) is provided on the top of the extension rod (18). When the glue inlet blocking block (11) is moved downward to release the blocking state of the liquid inlet channel (9), the glue outlet blocking block (19) simultaneously opens the lateral glue injection hole (17) to a through state.

7. The adaptive bolt according to claim 6, wherein The quick-setting resin filled in the bifurcated barbs (30) contains steel fibers, the fiber length of which is between 3 and 5 mm, and the proportion of which is between 5% and 10%.

8. The adaptive bolt according to claim 7, wherein A fixing plate (20) is also provided in the middle of the interior of the sliding cylinder (6). Both sides of the fixing plate (20) are provided with matching grooves for matching the movement of the positioning rod (13). A fixing sleeve (21) is provided at the bottom of the fixing plate (20). A sliding sleeve (22) is slidably installed inside the fixing sleeve (21). A connecting rod is provided at the bottom of the sliding sleeve (22) and is connected to the top surface of the positioning block (12). A positioning sleeve (24) is provided through the middle of the fixing plate (20) and the fixing sleeve (21). A push rod (25) is slidably installed inside the positioning sleeve (24). The top of the push rod (25) is connected to the bottom surface of the second sliding rod (10). The positioning sleeve (24) is provided with a side close to the sliding sleeve (22). A driving groove (26) is provided, and an inclined driving plate (27) is slidably installed inside the driving groove (26), one side of the driving plate (27) contacts one end of the push rod (25), and force contact blocks (28) are arranged on both sides of the driving plate (27), one side of the two force contact blocks (28) is inclined, and the inclined surfaces of the two force contact blocks (28) are arranged in opposite directions, and driving blocks (23) are arranged on both sides of the inner side surface of the sliding sleeve (22), and the two driving blocks (23) are respectively adapted to the two driving plates (27), and the driving blocks (23) are used to push the driving plate (27) and the driving groove (26) to move, and when the driving plate (27) moves, the push rod (25) synchronously follows and moves in the opposite direction.

9. The adaptive anchor bolt according to claim 8, wherein, Universal joints are provided at the connection point between the connecting rod and the top surface of the positioning block (12) and at the connection point between the top of the top rod (25) and the bottom surface of the forked barb (30).

10. An adaptive bolt construction method applied to the adaptive bolt as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1: After the rock mass is drilled and cleaned, quick-setting resin containing steel fibers is pre-injected. The resin has good fluidity and permeability, pre-fills the micro-cracks in the hole wall, and establishes the initial bonding foundation for subsequent mechanical nail deployment and high-pressure glue injection; S2: inserting a rod body (1) integrated with an external thorn unit and a glue spraying unit into the hole, and rotating the rod body (1), so that the thorn assembly slides from deep to shallow and radially expands under the guidance of the bidirectional spiral groove (3), and the sliding cylinder (6) generates a centrifugal effect during rotation, pushing the bifurcated barbs (30) to actively penetrate into the rock mass, thereby completing the initial mechanical anchoring; S3: During the sliding process of the piercing nail, the sliding ball (14) and the positioning rod (13) are driven to move in a coordinated manner, thereby releasing the glue inlet blocking block (11) and the glue outlet blocking block (19), opening the flow path of the central resin channel (31) - liquid inlet channel (9) - microcavity - spray hole, and the resin is ejected from the spray hole driven by the internal pressure and penetrates into the rock mass cracks and the hole wall in a directional manner; S4: With the position of the sliding cylinder (6) fixed, the ejector rod (25) is reversely pushed by the sleeve linkage and the inclined plane of the driving block (23) to push the barbs outwards, achieving mechanical locking. At the same time, the sprayed resin quickly cures within five minutes, and the steel fibers form a reinforcing network therein, forming a stable interface with the barbed nails and the rock mass, jointly constructing a three-dimensional composite anchoring system with high strength, shear resistance and pull-out resistance.

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