Intelligent ventilation pipeline test system and method for tunnel ultra-long distance construction

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent ventilation pipeline test system and method for tunnel ultra-long distance construction. The system comprises an air pipe fixing ring, a sensor cross support, multiple groups of wind speed sensors, multiple groups of wind pressure sensors, wires and an auxiliary electric control cabinet. The sensor cross support is installed in the air pipe fixing ring in a star shape. The multiple sets of wind speed sensors and the multiple sets of wind pressure sensors are installed in the sensor cross support and connected to the auxiliary electric control cabinet through wires. The auxiliary electric control cabinet is arranged on the right side of the outer layer of the air pipe fixing ring. According to the test system, the air leakage severity degree and the air pipe bending degree of each section of air pipe along the way in a tunnel hole can be monitored in real time and mastered in time, air leakage damage and the phenomena of intestine, stem and resistance of the air pipe are effectively monitored, corresponding measures are taken in time for remediation, the safety of constructors is fully guaranteed, and the normal air supply requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and specifically to an intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system and method for ultra-long distance tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] At present, during the construction of tunnels mainly by the drill and blast method in China, extremely harsh construction environments are often faced. Especially the "low temperature, low pressure, and low oxygen" characteristics of the high-altitude environment may lead to problems such as enhanced toxicity of toxic and harmful gases and low temperature and hypoxia in the tunnel, posing a severe test to the safe and healthy operation of construction workers. And tunnel construction ventilation, as the only path for air exchange with the outside world, is crucial for providing fresh air for workers and ensuring the normal operation of construction machinery. Generally, most drill and blast tunnels use duct forced ventilation to transport fresh air to the heading face. During construction, the ventilation duct may be easily damaged and leak due to factors such as imperfect installation technology, sputtering of blasting slag, and bending and extrusion of the duct at the formwork trolley, which reduces the ventilation efficiency of the entire pipeline system and causes significant air volume loss, making it difficult to meet the normal construction needs of workers at the tunnel heading face. At the same time, affected by the construction of the construction trolley or the curvature of the tunnel, the tunnel duct often has problems such as large bending degree and sudden change in the radius of curvature, that is, the so-called "intestinal obstruction" phenomenon of the duct, which also causes a large pressure loss due to excessive local resistance, reducing the ventilation efficiency of the entire system. Therefore, the two ventilation indicators of duct air leakage rate and air duct cross-section air pressure are of self-evident importance for evaluating the quality of the ventilation system of the entire tunnel construction site.

[0003] The duct air leakage rate reflects the degree of air volume loss in the pipeline, which can be calculated by testing the air velocity in the duct. The air duct cross-section air pressure reflects the degree of air pressure loss of this cross-section compared to the total pressure of the portal fan, and is also obtained by testing the total pressure of the air duct cross-section. At present, the testing of the above two air duct ventilation parameters is mostly carried out by manually holding a differential pressure gauge and inserting a Pitot tube into the damaged opening of the air duct. In addition to the large testing difficulty and high labor consumption, this manual testing method also has problems such as non-standard measurement methods, high error rates of measuring tools, and low testing accuracy, all of which will have an adverse impact on the relatively accurate evaluation of the ventilation capacity of the entire tunnel system. It is urgent to adopt an automated and intelligent air duct testing system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction, including: an air duct fixing ring, a sensor cross support, multiple groups of air velocity sensors, multiple groups of air pressure sensors, wires, and an attached electrical control cabinet; the sensor cross support is installed in the air duct fixing ring in a cross shape, and the multiple groups of air velocity sensors and multiple groups of air pressure sensors are installed inside the sensor cross support and connected to the attached electrical control cabinet through wires; the attached electrical control cabinet is arranged on the outer right side of the air duct fixing ring.

[0005] Further, the air duct fixing ring is a steel ring with an inner diameter of φ1.8m.

[0006] Further, the sensor cross bracket is composed of 6 hollow tubes, and 3 sensor installation points are set in each hollow tube; the sensor installation points are used to install multiple groups of wind speed sensors and multiple groups of wind pressure sensors; one end of the 6 hollow tubes is fixed at the center of the air duct fixing ring, and the adjacent tubes of the 6 hollow tubes are spaced at an angle of 60° from each other and are located in the same plane, and the other ends of the 6 hollow tubes are fixed to the structure of the air duct fixing ring.

[0007] Further, the sensor installation points on the sensor cross bracket are designed according to the Log-Liner rule, specifically: from the inner ring surface position of the air duct fixing ring to the central axis direction of the air duct fixing ring, wind speed sensors and wind pressure sensors are set at the positions of 0.032 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring, 0.135 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring, and 0.321 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring.

[0008] Further, the attached electric control cabinet is internally provided with an analog signal acquisition card, a access card, a mobile power supply, a PLC and a display screen, which are used to process sensor data in real time and display the computer wind pressure and wind speed data in real time.

[0009] Further, it also includes an axial flow fan at the tunnel entrance, a fan frequency conversion control cabinet, a host computer and a monitoring display screen; the axial flow fan at the tunnel entrance is arranged at the tunnel entrance and is used to provide air volume and air pressure; the fan frequency conversion control cabinet is respectively connected to the axial flow fan at the tunnel entrance and the host computer for data connection, and is used to view the air volume and air pressure provided by the axial flow fan at the tunnel entrance and adjust the fan frequency according to the working environment in the tunnel; a monitoring display screen is arranged on the host computer, which is used to receive monitoring parameters and display them through the monitoring display screen after processing.

[0010] Further, the host computer is arranged in the monitoring room at the tunnel entrance, and the monitoring parameters received by it specifically include: the air volume and air pressure data at the fan outlet transmitted through the fan frequency conversion control cabinet, and the air volume and air pressure data measured by the sensors transmitted through the attached electric control cabinet.

[0011] An intelligent ventilation pipeline testing method for ultra-long distance construction in tunnels includes the following steps: S1. Arrange monitoring equipment in the tunnel; S2. The attached electric control cabinet collects the air volume and air pressure data measured by the sensors, calculates and processes the average air volume and air pressure, and then transmits them to the host computer; S3. The host computer receives the monitoring parameter data and calculates the air leakage rate of each section of the air duct; S4. Display the real-time data through the monitoring display screen.

[0012] Further, the calculation formula for calculating and processing the average air volume and air pressure in step S2 is: ; where Q represents the average air volume at the monitoring section, m 3 / s; P represents the average wind pressure at the monitoring section, Pa; v i represents the wind speed measured by each sensor at the monitoring section, m / s; P i represents the wind pressure measured by each sensor at the monitoring section, m / s; n represents the number of monitoring sensors; A represents the cross-sectional area of the air duct, m 2 ; where A = πd 2 / 4.

[0013] Further, the calculation formula for the air leakage rate of each section of the air duct in step S3 is: ; where P 100 represents the air leakage rate per 100 meters of the air duct between any two adjacent monitoring sections, %; Q f represents the average air volume of the previous monitoring section, m 3 / s; Q0 represents the average air volume of the next monitoring section, m 3 / s; L represents the length of the air duct between the two monitoring sections, m.

[0014] The present invention provides a tunnel ultra-long distance construction intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system and method, which has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts the method of real-time data acquisition and transmission and intelligent monitoring, solves the problem that the existing manual testing and the error rate of testing measuring tools are relatively high and it is impossible to accurately obtain the wind speed and wind pressure of the air duct, and can evaluate the entire ventilation system of the tunnel more accurately; through real-time monitoring, corresponding remedial measures can be taken in time according to the air leakage rate of the air duct to carry out the repair of the damaged tunnel air duct, and the smoothness of the air duct and the sudden increase in local resistance can be monitored according to the sectional wind pressure, effectively solving the "intestinal obstruction" phenomenon existing in the ventilation pipeline. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure provided by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a system logic control diagram provided by the present invention; Figure 3 It is a right view of the device structure provided by the present invention.

[0017] In the figure, 1 is the air duct fixing ring; 2 is the sensor cross support; 3 is the wind speed sensor; 4 is the wind pressure sensor; 5 is the wire; 6 is the accessory electric control cabinet; 7 is the shaft flow fan at the opening; 8 is the fan frequency conversion control cabinet; 9 is the upper computer; 10 is the monitoring display screen. Specific embodiments

[0018] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] The following will describe in detail the implementation method of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings. What is described is only part of the embodiments, not all embodiments. For the purpose of clarity, the representations and descriptions unrelated to the present invention are omitted in the drawings and the description.

[0020] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of implementation of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] As Figure 1 、 Figure 3 shown, a tunnel ultra-long distance construction intelligent ventilation pipeline test system includes: an air duct fixing ring 1, a sensor cross support 2, multiple groups of wind speed sensors 3, multiple groups of wind pressure sensors 4, a wire 5, and an accessory electric control cabinet 6; the sensor cross support 2 is installed in the air duct fixing ring 1 in a cross shape, and the multiple groups of wind speed sensors 3 and multiple groups of wind pressure sensors 4 are installed inside the sensor cross support 2 and connected to the accessory electric control cabinet 6 through the wire 5; the accessory electric control cabinet 6 is arranged on the outer right side of the air duct fixing ring 1.

[0022] Among them, the air duct fixing ring 1 is a steel ring with an inner diameter of φ1.8m. Ring groove structures for fixing the air duct are provided at both ends of the air duct fixing ring 1, which can ensure the sealed connection with the air duct, can be used as an intermediate joint of the air duct, does not affect the air supply function of the ventilation pipe, and can measure the wind speed and wind pressure of this section in real time. At the same time, lifting lug structures are provided on the air duct fixing ring 1, which can facilitate the movement and hoisting of the measuring device at the tunnel construction site.

[0023] The sensor cross bracket 2 is composed of 6 hollow tubes and is installed inside the air duct fixing ring; the 6 hollow tubes are all located in the middle cross-section of the air duct fixing ring 1, and one end of each of the 6 hollow tubes is connected into one point through a central joint. After the installation of the sensor cross bracket 2 and the air duct fixing ring 1 is completed, this point coincides with the cylindrical center line of the air duct fixing ring 1; the other ends of the 6 hollow tubes are perpendicular to the cylindrical surface of the air duct fixing ring 1 and penetrate through the cylindrical surface of the air duct fixing ring 1 from the inside to the outside and are reliably fixed to the air duct fixing ring 1.

[0024] One end of each of the 6 hollow tubes of the sensor cross bracket 2 is connected into one point through a central joint. The central joint is a 6-way joint with an included angle of 60° each. The joint is provided with internal threads, and the end of the hollow tube is provided with external threads. The hollow tube and the central joint can be reliably connected by means of threads. Multiple groups of wind speed sensors 3 and multiple groups of wind pressure sensors 4 are installed on the sensor cross bracket 2. The installation quantity is on the 6 hollow tubes. Each hollow tube installs 3 wind speed sensors 3 and 3 wind pressure sensors 4 respectively. The system installs a total of 18 wind speed sensors 3 and 18 wind pressure sensors 4.

[0025] The installation positions of the wind speed sensors 3 and the wind pressure sensors 4 on the sensor cross bracket 2 are designed according to the Log-Liner rule. Specifically, in the direction from the inner ring surface position of the air duct fixing ring to the central axis of the air duct fixing ring of the hollow tube, points are designed at the positions of 0.032 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring 1, 0.135 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring 1, and 0.321 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring 1 respectively, which are matched with the wind pressure acquisition points of the wind pressure calculation algorithm in the attached electric control cabinet 6. Since the calculation of the wind pressure is based on the Log-Liner rule, the wind pressure sensors 4 are accurately installed at the points under the Log-Liner rule, and the wind speed sensors 3 are installed near one side of the wind pressure sensors 4 with a gap of 10 mm.

[0026] The wire 5 will connect multiple groups of wind speed sensors 3 and multiple groups of wind pressure sensors 4 to the external electric control cabinet 6. The wire 5 will pass through the inside of the hollow tube of the sensor cross bracket 2 and penetrate through the air duct fixing ring 1 and finally be connected to the attached electric control cabinet 6. The attached power distribution cabinet 6 is fixedly installed below the outside of the air duct fixing ring 1 and forms an assembly with the air duct fixing ring 1. The wire 5 mainly realizes two functions: the stable transmission of the working power supply of the sensor and the stable transmission of the analog signal collected by the sensor. The wire is used to connect the wind speed sensors 3 and the wind pressure sensors 4, and the wire adopts anti-interference wire materials to ensure the stable transmission of the signal ground.

[0027] The attached electric control cabinet 6 is equipped with an analog signal acquisition card, a communication card, a mobile power supply, a PLC, a display screen, etc., which can realize the functions of real-time processing and calculation of the data collected by the wind speed and wind pressure sensors and the screen display of the wind speed and wind pressure information. The mobile power supply is a detachable and rechargeable lithium battery. When the measuring device needs to run, open the cabinet door of the attached electric control cabinet 6 and correctly install the mobile power supply at the corresponding position in the electric control cabinet. When the main power switch is turned on and "Real-time measurement of wind speed and wind pressure" is selected on the display screen, the measurement, calculation, and display of the wind speed and wind pressure of the current ventilation pipeline can be started. At the same time, the communication card is built-in with a SIM card and can perform wireless communication transmission with the upper computer 9 at the tunnel entrance.

[0028] It also includes an axial flow fan 7 at the entrance, a fan frequency conversion control cabinet 8, an upper computer 9, and a monitoring display screen 10, as Figure 2 shown; the axial flow fan 7 at the entrance is arranged at the tunnel entrance to provide air volume and wind pressure; the fan frequency conversion control cabinet 8 is respectively connected to the axial flow fan 7 at the entrance and the upper computer 9 for viewing the air volume and wind pressure provided by the axial flow fan at the entrance and adjusting the fan frequency according to the working environment in the tunnel; a monitoring display screen 10 is arranged on the upper computer 9 for receiving monitoring parameters, processing them, and displaying them through the monitoring display screen 10.

[0029] The axial flow fan 7 at the entrance is arranged at the tunnel entrance and sends air to the heading face through forced ventilation with a duct. The air volume and total pressure provided by the axial flow fan 7 at the entrance, the air volume of the fan is the designed air volume that meets the air supply volume of the heading face considering a certain air leakage rate, and the wind pressure of the fan is to overcome the frictional resistance and local resistance along the ventilation duct and send fresh air to the heading face. Both of the above two parameters of the air volume and wind pressure of the fan can be viewed and displayed on the display screen of the fan frequency conversion control cabinet 8 connected to the axial flow fan 7 at the entrance. At the same time, the fan frequency conversion control cabinet 8 also has the function of adjusting the fan frequency according to the working environment in the tunnel. The air volume, wind pressure, and other operating parameters of the fan are transmitted as electrical signals through a 4-20MA DC circuit according to the TCP communication protocol to the upper computer 9 in the tunnel entrance monitoring room and are displayed in real time on the monitoring display screen 10.

[0030] The upper computer 9 is arranged in the tunnel entrance monitoring room and is responsible for receiving the air volume and wind pressure data wirelessly transmitted from the attached electric control cabinets 6 at different test sections in the tunnel and the air volume and wind pressure data of the fan outlet transmitted through electrical signals from the fan frequency conversion control cabinet 8, automatically calculating the air leakage rate of the ventilation ducts at each monitoring section, and finally all the data is displayed in real time on the monitoring display screen 10 connected to the upper computer 9, which is convenient for the construction unit to organize and manage the on-site ventilation.

[0031] An intelligent ventilation pipeline testing method for ultra-long-distance tunnel construction, comprising the following steps: S1. Arranging monitoring equipment in the tunnel: After the axial flow fan 7 at the tunnel entrance is installed with a collector to measure the total air volume and total pressure of the fan, a set of air duct monitoring sections is set every 100 m, and the last set of monitoring sections is arranged at the air outlet of the end of the last air duct. Each monitoring section monitors data in real time through different-point velocity sensors 3 and pressure sensors 4 on the air duct fixing ring 1, and an auxiliary electric control cabinet 6 is installed beside.

[0032] S2. The auxiliary electric control cabinet 6 collects the air volume and air pressure data measured by the sensors, calculates and processes the average air volume and air pressure, and then transmits them to the upper computer 9; S3. The upper computer 9 receives the monitoring parameter data and calculates the air leakage rate of each section of the air duct; S4. Real-time data display is carried out through the monitoring display screen 10.

[0033] Among them, the calculation formula for calculating and processing the average air volume and air pressure in step S2 is: ; In the formula, Q represents the average air volume of the monitoring section, m 3 / s; P represents the average air pressure of the monitoring section, Pa; v i represents the wind speed measured by each sensor in the monitoring section, m / s; P i represents the air pressure measured by each sensor in the monitoring section, m / s; n represents the number of monitoring sensors; A represents the cross-sectional area of the air duct, m 2 ; Among them, A = πd 2 / 4.

[0034] The calculation formula for calculating the air leakage rate of each section of the air duct in step S3 is: ; In the formula, P 100 represents the air leakage rate per 100 m of the air duct between any two adjacent monitoring sections, %; Q f represents the average air volume of the previous monitoring section, m 3 / s; Q0 represents the average air volume of the latter monitoring section, m 3 / s; L represents the length of the air duct between the two monitoring sections, m.

[0035] Compared with the traditional manual testing with hand-held instrument equipment, the present invention greatly saves manpower and material resources, the testing system is more advanced, has the characteristics of automation and intelligence, and also greatly reduces the measurement errors brought by manual testing and instrument equipment, effectively ensuring the accuracy of data. The testing system of the present invention can monitor in real time and timely master the air leakage severity and the bending degree of each section of the air duct along the tunnel, effectively monitor the air leakage and damage and the "intestinal obstruction" phenomenon of the air duct, take corresponding measures for remedy in time, and fully ensure the safety of construction personnel and meet the normal air supply requirements.

[0036] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments. Instead, it can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the techniques or knowledge in related fields. Any alterations and changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction, characterized in that Including: Air duct fixing ring (1), sensor cross bracket (2), multiple groups of wind speed sensors (3), multiple groups of wind pressure sensors (4), wire (5), and auxiliary electric control cabinet (6); The sensor cross bracket (2) is installed in the air duct fixing ring (1) in a cross shape. The multiple groups of wind speed sensors (3) and multiple groups of wind pressure sensors (4) are installed inside the sensor cross bracket (2) and connected to the auxiliary electric control cabinet (6) through the wire (5). The auxiliary electric control cabinet (6) is arranged on the outer right side of the air duct fixing ring (1).

2. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein The air duct fixing ring (1) is a steel ring with an inner diameter of φ1.8m.

3. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein The sensor cross bracket (2) is composed of 6 hollow tubes, and 3 sensor installation points are set in each hollow tube. The sensor installation points are used to install multiple groups of wind speed sensors (3) and multiple groups of wind pressure sensors (4). One ends of the 6 hollow tubes are fixed at the center of the air duct fixing ring (1). The adjacent tubes of the 6 hollow tubes are spaced at an angle of 60° and are located in the same plane. The other ends of the 6 hollow tubes are fixed to the structure of the air duct fixing ring (1).

4. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 3, wherein The sensor installation points on the sensor cross bracket (2) are designed according to the Log-Liner rule. Specifically: from the inner ring surface position of the air duct fixing ring (1) to the central axis direction of the air duct fixing ring (1), wind speed sensors (3) and wind pressure sensors (4) are set at positions of 0.032 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring (1), 0.135 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring (1), and 0.321 times the inner diameter of the air duct fixing ring (1).

5. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary electric control cabinet (6) is internally provided with an analog signal acquisition card, a pass card, a mobile power supply, a PLC, and a display screen, which are used to process sensor data in real time and display the computer wind pressure and wind speed data in real time.

6. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a portal axial flow fan (7), a fan variable frequency control cabinet (8), a host computer (9), and a monitoring display screen (10); The portal axial flow fan (7) is arranged at the tunnel portal and is used to provide air volume and air pressure; The fan variable frequency control cabinet (8) is respectively connected to the portal axial flow fan (7) and the host computer (9) for data connection, and is used to view the air volume and air pressure provided by the portal axial flow fan and adjust the fan frequency according to the working environment in the tunnel; A monitoring display screen (10) is arranged on the host computer (9) and is used to receive monitoring parameters, process them, and display them through the monitoring display screen (10).

7. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The host computer (9) is arranged in the monitoring room at the tunnel portal. The monitoring parameters received by it specifically include: the fan outlet air volume and air pressure data transmitted through the fan variable frequency control cabinet (8), and the sensor measured air volume and air pressure data transmitted through the auxiliary electric control cabinet (6).

8. A method for testing an intelligent ventilation pipeline for ultra-long distance tunnel construction, based on the intelligent ventilation pipeline testing system for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Arrange monitoring equipment in the tunnel; S2. The auxiliary electric control cabinet (6) collects the sensor measured air volume and air pressure data, calculates and processes the average air volume and air pressure, and then transmits them to the host computer (9); S3. The host computer (9) receives the monitoring parameter data and calculates the air leakage rate of each section of the air duct; S4. Conduct real-time data display through the monitoring display screen (10).

9. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing method for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 8, characterized in that The calculation formula for processing the average air volume and air pressure in the step S2 is as follows: ; Wherein, Q represents the average air volume of the monitoring section, m 3 / s; P represents the average air pressure of the monitoring section, Pa; v i represents the wind speed measured by each sensor of the monitoring section, m / s; P i represents the air pressure measured by each sensor of the monitoring section, m / s; n represents the number of monitoring sensors; A represents the cross-sectional area of the air duct, m 2 ; where A = πd 2 / 4.

10. The intelligent ventilation pipeline testing method for ultra-long distance tunnel construction according to claim 8, characterized in that The calculation formula for the air leakage rate of each section of the air duct in the step S3 is as follows: ; Wherein, P 100 represents the air leakage rate per 100 meters of the air duct between any two adjacent monitoring sections, %; Q f represents the average air volume of the previous monitoring section, m 3 / s; Q0 represents the average air volume of the subsequent monitoring section, m 3 / s; L represents the length of the air duct between the two monitoring sections, m.

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