Preparation method of Pt monatomic doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy materials, and particularly discloses a Pt monatomic doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material preparation method which comprises the following specific steps: weighing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, dissolving the zinc nitrate and the hexamethylenetetramine in deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a mixed solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 mol / L, and then adding the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to prepare a Pt monatomic doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material. Placing the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer for full reaction to obtain a uniform and transparent ZnO precursor solution; under the excitation of ultrasonic waves, the synergistic effect of efficient hydrogen production and pollutant degradation can be achieved, meanwhile, the dosage of Pt can be reduced through the monatomic dispersion technology, the cost is reduced by 60% compared with that of a traditional catalyst, and in addition, due to the porous design, the pollutant adsorption and piezoelectric response area can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy materials, and specifically provides a method for preparing a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material. Background Art

[0002] In the current situation where energy and environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe, it is of great significance to develop materials that are efficient, low-cost, and can synergistically solve various problems. From the perspective of energy, traditional fossil fuels are facing depletion and their use causes environmental pollution. Hydrogen energy has attracted much attention due to its cleanliness and high efficiency, but the existing hydrogen production methods are not satisfactory in terms of efficiency and cost. From the environmental perspective, a large amount of organic pollutants are discharged into water bodies, and traditional treatment methods have limitations in terms of cost, efficiency, and treatment effect. For example, the amount of Pt used in traditional catalysts is large and the cost is high. Therefore, a method for preparing a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material is invented. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0004] A method for preparing a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material, which includes the following specific steps:

[0005] S1, Preparation of the precursor solution:

[0006] S11, ZnO precursor solution: Weigh zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, and dissolve them in deionized water according to a molar ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed solution with a concentration of 0.2 - 0.5 mol / L. Then, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to make it react fully to obtain a uniform and transparent ZnO precursor solution;

[0007] S12, Pt doping solution: Weigh chloroplatinic acid according to the target Pt doping amount of 0.01 - 0.1 wt%, and dissolve it in absolute ethanol to prepare a Pt doping solution with a concentration of 0.01 - 0.1 mol / L;

[0008] S2, Preparation of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles:

[0009] S21, Transfer the prepared ZnO precursor solution to an ultrasonic cleaner and turn on the ultrasonic function to fully disperse the molecules in the solution;

[0010] S22, Slowly dropwise add the prepared graphene dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse graphene in the ZnO precursor solution;

[0011] S23. Slowly add the prepared titanium dioxide dispersion liquid drop by drop. After the addition is completed, continue ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse titanium dioxide in the ZnO precursor solution;

[0012] S24. Slowly add the Pt doping solution drop by drop. After the addition is completed, continue ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse Pt ions in the ZnO precursor solution;

[0013] S25. Transfer the mixed solution to a reaction kettle. After the reaction ends, naturally cool it to room temperature;

[0014] S26. Transfer the reacted solution to a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate 3 - 5 times alternately with absolute ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities;

[0015] S27. Transfer the washed precipitate to a vacuum drying oven to obtain the precursor of Pt single - atom doped ZnO nanoparticles;

[0016] S28. Transfer the dried precursor to a high - temperature sintering furnace and calcine it at 400 - 600 °C for 2 - 4 hours, with the heating rate controlled at 2 - 5 °C / min to obtain Pt single - atom doped ZnO nanoparticles;

[0017] S3. Molding and sintering of porous ZnO ceramics:

[0018] S31. Addition of pore - forming agent: Weigh urea, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carbon nanotubes, and add them to the prepared Pt single - atom doped ZnO nanoparticles according to the proportions of 10 - 30%, 1 - 5%, and 0.2 - 2% of the mass of ZnO nanoparticles respectively. Then place the mixture in an agate mortar and grind it thoroughly for 30 - 60 minutes to uniformly mix the pore - forming agent with ZnO nanoparticles;

[0019] S32. Tablet molding: Add absolute ethanol to the mixed powder to make a viscous blank. Then place the blank in a tablet press to press it into a round tablet;

[0020] S33. Sintering: Place the pressed round tablet in a high - temperature sintering furnace and heat it to 800 - 1000 °C at a heating rate of 2 - 5 °C / min. Sinter at this temperature for 2 - 4 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the Pt single - atom doped porous ZnO ceramic material.

[0021] As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the Pt single - atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S11, the operating temperature of the magnetic stirrer is 60 - 80 °C and the operating time is 2 - 4 hours.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S21, the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S22, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 - 2 drops / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S23, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 - 2 drops / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S24, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 - 2 drops / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S25, the operating temperature of the reaction kettle is 120 - 180 °C, and the operating time is 6 - 12 hours.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S26, the rotation speed of the centrifuge tube is 8000 - 12000 r / min, and the centrifugation time is 10 - 20 minutes.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S27, the operating temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60 - 80 °C, and the operating time is 6 - 12 hours.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material described in the present invention, wherein: in S32, the operating pressure of the tablet press is 10 - 20 MPa, the operating time is 1 - 3 minutes, and the diameter of the wafer is 10 - 20 mm, and the thickness is 2 - 5 mm.

[0030] Compared with the prior art:

[0031] 1. The present invention can achieve the synergistic effect of efficient hydrogen production and pollutant degradation under ultrasonic excitation. At the same time, through the single-atom dispersion technology, the Pt dosage can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced by 60% compared with traditional catalysts. In addition, through the porous design, the adsorption of pollutants and the piezoelectric response area can be enhanced;

[0032] 2. By adding graphene as an additive to Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles, the present invention can significantly improve the electronic conduction performance of the material. Graphene has excellent electrical conductivity, which can promote the rapid transfer of electrons inside the material, enhance the electron transport efficiency during the piezoelectric response process, and then improve the hydrogen production and pollutant degradation efficiency. At the same time, its large specific surface area can further increase the adsorption capacity of the material for pollutants, and cooperate with the porous structure of ZnO to strengthen the adsorption effect;

[0033] 3. By adding titanium dioxide as an additive to Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles, due to the good photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide, it can not only expand the light response range of the material, assist in hydrogen production and pollutant degradation under light conditions, but also utilize its own catalytic activity to help improve the overall catalytic performance. Especially when degrading some refractory organic pollutants, it may enhance the degree of mineralization of pollutants and improve the COD removal rate;

[0034] 4. By adding carbon nanotubes to the forming process of porous ZnO ceramics, due to the high mechanical strength and good electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes, the mechanical properties of the ceramics can be enhanced, making it more durable and not easily broken in practical applications. Moreover, its electrical conductivity helps to improve the overall electrical performance of the material, which may have a positive effect on the stability and improvement of piezoelectric properties, and further optimize the synergistic effect of hydrogen production and pollutant degradation under ultrasonic excitation. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] The present invention provides a preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material, including the following specific steps:

[0038] S1, Preparation of the precursor solution:

[0039] S11, ZnO precursor solution: Weigh zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, and dissolve them in deionized water according to the molar ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed solution with a concentration of 0.2 mol / L. Then, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to fully react and obtain a uniform and transparent ZnO precursor solution. Here, the operating temperature of the magnetic stirrer is 60 °C, and the operating time is 2 hours;

[0040] S12, Pt doping solution: Weigh chloroplatinic acid according to the target Pt doping amount of 0.01 wt%, and dissolve it in absolute ethanol to prepare a Pt doping solution with a concentration of 0.01 mol / L;

[0041] S2, Preparation of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles:

[0042] S21, Transfer the prepared ZnO precursor solution to an ultrasonic cleaner and turn on the ultrasonic function to fully disperse the molecules in the solution. Here, the ultrasonic power is set to 200 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 minutes;

[0043] S22, Slowly add the prepared graphene dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to evenly disperse the graphene in the ZnO precursor solution. Here, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 drop / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 minutes;

[0044] S23, Slowly add the prepared titanium dioxide dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to evenly disperse the titanium dioxide in the ZnO precursor solution. Here, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 drop / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 minutes;

[0045] S24, Slowly add the Pt doping solution. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to evenly disperse the Pt ions in the ZnO precursor solution. Here, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 drop / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 minutes;

[0046] S25, Transfer the mixed solution to a reaction kettle. After the reaction is completed, naturally cool it to room temperature. Here, the operating temperature of the reaction kettle is 120 °C, and the operating time is 6 hours;

[0047] S26, Transfer the reacted solution to a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate 3 times alternately with absolute ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities. Here, the rotation speed of the centrifuge tube is 8000 r / min, and the centrifugation time is 10 minutes;

[0048] S27. Transfer the washed precipitate to a vacuum drying oven to obtain the precursor of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles. The operating temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60 °C and the operating time is 6 hours.

[0049] S28. Transfer the dried precursor to a high-temperature sintering furnace and calcine it at 400 °C for 2 hours with a heating rate controlled at 2 °C / min to obtain Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles.

[0050] S3. Molding and sintering of porous ZnO ceramics:

[0051] S31. Addition of pore-forming agent: Weigh urea, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carbon nanotubes, and add them to the prepared Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles at ratios of 10%, 1%, and 0.2% by mass of the ZnO nanoparticles respectively. Then place the mixture in an agate mortar and grind it thoroughly for 30 minutes to uniformly mix the pore-forming agent with the ZnO nanoparticles.

[0052] S32. Tablet molding: Add absolute ethanol to the mixed powder to make a viscous blank. Then place the blank in a tablet press and press it into a round tablet. The operating pressure of the tablet press is 10 MPa, the operating time is 1 minute, and the diameter of the round tablet is 10 mm and the thickness is 2 mm.

[0053] S33. Sintering: Place the pressed round tablet in a high-temperature sintering furnace, heat it to 800 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min, sinter it at this temperature for 2 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the Pt single-atom doped porous ZnO ceramic material.

[0054] Example 2:

[0055] The present invention provides a preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material, including the following specific steps:

[0056] S1. Preparation of precursor solution:

[0057] S11. ZnO precursor solution: Weigh zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, dissolve them in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed solution with a concentration of 0.35 mol / L. Then place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to fully react and obtain a uniform and transparent ZnO precursor solution. The operating temperature of the magnetic stirrer is 70 °C and the operating time is 3 hours.

[0058] S12. Pt doping solution: Weigh chloroplatinic acid according to the target Pt doping amount of 0.05 wt% and dissolve it in absolute ethanol to prepare a Pt doping solution with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L.

[0059] S2, Preparation of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles:

[0060] S21, Transfer the prepared ZnO precursor solution to an ultrasonic cleaner and turn on the ultrasonic function to fully disperse the molecules in the solution. Among them, the ultrasonic power is set to 300 W and the ultrasonic time is 45 minutes;

[0061] S22, Slowly add dropwise the prepared graphene dispersion. After the addition is completed, continue ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse the graphene in the ZnO precursor solution. Among them, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 drop / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 300 W and the ultrasonic time is 45 minutes;

[0062] S23, Slowly add dropwise the prepared titanium dioxide dispersion. After the addition is completed, continue ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse the titanium dioxide in the ZnO precursor solution. Among them, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 drop / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 300 W and the ultrasonic time is 45 minutes;

[0063] S24, Slowly add dropwise the Pt doping solution. After the addition is completed, continue ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse the Pt ions in the ZnO precursor solution. Among them, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 drop / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 300 W and the ultrasonic time is 45 minutes;

[0064] S25, Transfer the mixed solution to a reaction kettle. After the reaction is completed, naturally cool it to room temperature. Among them, the operating temperature of the reaction kettle is 150 °C and the operating time is 9 hours;

[0065] S26, Transfer the reacted solution to a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate 4 times alternately with absolute ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities. Among them, the rotation speed of the centrifuge tube is 10000 r / min and the centrifugation time is 15 minutes;

[0066] S27, Transfer the washed precipitate to a vacuum drying oven to obtain the precursor of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles. Among them, the operating temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 70 °C and the operating time is 9 hours;

[0067] S28, Transfer the dried precursor to a high-temperature sintering furnace and calcine it at 500 °C for 3 hours, and control the heating rate at 3.5 °C / min to obtain Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles;

[0068] S3, Molding and sintering of porous ZnO ceramics:

[0069] S31, Addition of pore-forming agent: Weigh urea, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carbon nanotubes, and add them to the prepared ZnO nanoparticles doped with single Pt atoms at ratios of 20%, 3.5%, and 1% by mass of the ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. Then place the mixture in an agate mortar and grind it thoroughly for 45 minutes to uniformly mix the pore-forming agent with the ZnO nanoparticles;

[0070] S32, Tabletting: Add the mixed powder to absolute ethanol to make a viscous blank. Then, put the blank into a tabletting machine and tablet it into a round piece. Among them, the operating pressure of the tabletting machine is 15 MPa, the operating time is 2 minutes, and the diameter of the round piece is 15 mm and the thickness is 3.5 mm;

[0071] S33, Sintering: Put the tableted round piece into a high-temperature sintering furnace, heat it up to 900 °C at a heating rate of 3.5 °C / min, sinter it at this temperature for 3 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a porous ZnO ceramic material doped with single Pt atoms.

[0072] Example 3:

[0073] The present invention provides a method for preparing a piezoelectric porous ZnO ceramic material doped with single Pt atoms, including the following specific steps:

[0074] S1, Preparation of precursor solution:

[0075] S11, ZnO precursor solution: Weigh zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, and dissolve them in deionized water according to a molar ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L. Then, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to make it react fully to obtain a uniform and transparent ZnO precursor solution. Among them, the operating temperature of the magnetic stirrer is 80 °C and the operating time is 4 hours;

[0076] S12, Pt-doped solution: Weigh chloroplatinic acid according to the target Pt doping amount of 0.1 wt%, and dissolve it in absolute ethanol to prepare a Pt-doped solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L;

[0077] S2, Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles doped with single Pt atoms:

[0078] S21, Transfer the prepared ZnO precursor solution to an ultrasonic cleaner and turn on the ultrasonic function to fully disperse the molecules in the solution. Among them, the ultrasonic power is set to 400 W and the ultrasonic time is 60 minutes;

[0079] S22. Slowly add the prepared graphene dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to evenly disperse the graphene in the ZnO precursor solution. Here, the dropping rate is controlled at 2 drops per second, the ultrasonic power is set at 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 60 minutes.

[0080] S23. Slowly add the prepared titanium dioxide dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to evenly disperse the titanium dioxide in the ZnO precursor solution. Here, the dropping rate is controlled at 2 drops per second, the ultrasonic power is set at 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 60 minutes.

[0081] S24. Slowly add the Pt doping solution. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to evenly disperse the Pt ions in the ZnO precursor solution. Here, the dropping rate is controlled at 2 drops per second, the ultrasonic power is set at 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 60 minutes.

[0082] S25. Transfer the mixed solution to a reaction kettle. After the reaction is completed, naturally cool it to room temperature. Here, the operating temperature of the reaction kettle is 180 °C, and the operating time is 12 hours.

[0083] S26. Transfer the reacted solution to a centrifuge tube for centrifugation. Collect the precipitate and wash the precipitate 5 times alternately with absolute ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities. Here, the rotation speed of the centrifuge tube is 12000 r / min, and the centrifugation time is 20 minutes.

[0084] S27. Transfer the washed precipitate to a vacuum drying oven to obtain the precursor of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles. Here, the operating temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 80 °C, and the operating time is 12 hours.

[0085] S28. Transfer the dried precursor to a high-temperature sintering furnace and calcine it at 600 °C for 4 hours. Control the heating rate at 5 °C / min to obtain Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles.

[0086] S3. Molding and sintering of porous ZnO ceramics:

[0087] S31. Addition of pore-forming agents: Weigh urea, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carbon nanotubes, and add them to the prepared Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles according to the proportions of 30%, 5%, and 2% of the mass of the ZnO nanoparticles respectively. Then place the mixture in an agate mortar and grind it thoroughly for 60 minutes to evenly mix the pore-forming agents with the ZnO nanoparticles.

[0088] S32, Tableting and Shaping: Add the mixed powder to absolute ethanol to make a sticky blank. Then, put the blank into a tableting machine and press it into a round tablet. Among them, the operating pressure of the tableting machine is 20 MPa, the operating time is 3 minutes, the diameter of the round tablet is 20 mm, and the thickness is 5 mm;

[0089] S33, Sintering: Put the pressed round tablet into a high-temperature sintering furnace, heat it to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C / min, sinter at this temperature for 4 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a porous ZnO ceramic material doped with Pt single atoms.

[0090] Compare the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic materials prepared in the above Examples 1-3 to obtain the following data:

[0091]

[0092] As can be seen from the above table, the Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic materials prepared in Examples 1-3 all have good performance in hydrogen production efficiency, COD removal rate, and cost. After use, the effect of Example 2 is the best.

[0093] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various improvements can be made to it and its components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention can be combined with each other in any way. The exhaustive description of these combinations is not given in this specification only for the sake of saving space and resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: S1, Preparation of the precursor solution: S11, ZnO precursor solution: Weigh zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, and dissolve them in deionized water according to the molar ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed solution with a concentration of 0.2 - 0.5 mol / L. Then, place the mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer to make it react fully to obtain a uniform and transparent ZnO precursor solution; S12, Pt-doped solution: Weigh chloroplatinic acid according to the target Pt doping amount of 0.01 - 0.1 wt%, and dissolve it in absolute ethanol to prepare a Pt-doped solution with a concentration of 0.01 - 0.1 mol / L; S2, Preparation of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles: S21, Transfer the prepared ZnO precursor solution to an ultrasonic cleaner and turn on the ultrasonic function to fully disperse the molecules in the solution; S22, Slowly add the prepared graphene dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to make graphene evenly dispersed in the ZnO precursor solution; S23, Slowly add the prepared titanium dioxide dispersion. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to make titanium dioxide evenly dispersed in the ZnO precursor solution; S24, Slowly add the Pt-doped solution. After the addition is complete, continue ultrasonic treatment to make Pt ions evenly dispersed in the ZnO precursor solution; S25, Transfer the mixed solution to a reaction kettle. After the reaction ends, naturally cool it to room temperature; S26, Transfer the reacted solution to a centrifuge tube for centrifugation, collect the precipitate, and wash the precipitate alternately with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 - 5 times to remove impurities; S27, Transfer the washed precipitate to a vacuum drying oven to obtain a precursor of Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles; S28, Transfer the dried precursor to a high-temperature sintering furnace and calcine it at 400 - 600 °C for 2 - 4 hours, with the heating rate controlled at 2 - 5 °C / min to obtain Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles; S3, Molding and sintering of porous ZnO ceramics: S31, Addition of pore-forming agents: Weigh urea, carboxymethyl cellulose, and carbon nanotubes, and add them to the prepared Pt single-atom doped ZnO nanoparticles according to the proportions of 10 - 30%, 1 - 5%, and 0.2 - 2% of the mass of ZnO nanoparticles respectively. Then, place the mixture in an agate mortar and grind it thoroughly for 30 - 60 minutes to make the pore-forming agents and ZnO nanoparticles evenly mixed; S32, Tablet molding: Add absolute ethanol to the mixed powder to make a viscous blank. Then, put the blank into a tablet press to press it into a round tablet; S33, Sintering: Put the pressed round tablet into a high-temperature sintering furnace, heat it up to 800 - 1000 °C at a heating rate of 2 - 5 °C / min, sinter it at this temperature for 2 - 4 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a Pt single-atom doped porous ZnO ceramic material.

2. The preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S11, the operating temperature of the magnetic stirrer is 60 - 80 °C, and the operating time is 2 - 4 hours.

3. The preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S21, the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

4. The preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S22, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 - 2 drops / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

5. A preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S23, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 - 2 drops / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

6. The preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S24, the dropping rate is controlled at 1 - 2 drops / second, and the ultrasonic power is set to 200 - 400 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 - 60 minutes.

7. A preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that In S25, the operating temperature of the reactor is 120 - 180 °C, and the operating time is 6 - 12 hours.

8. A preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S26, the rotation speed of the centrifuge tube is 8000 - 12000 r / min, and the centrifugation time is 10 - 20 minutes.

9. The preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, wherein, In S27, the operating temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60 - 80 °C, and the operating time is 6 - 12 hours.

10. The preparation method of a Pt single-atom doped ZnO piezoelectric porous ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S32, the operating pressure of the tablet press is 10 - 20 MPa, the operating time is 1 - 3 minutes, and the diameter of the wafer is 10 - 20 mm, and the thickness is 2 - 5 mm.

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