Ecological wave-proof concrete block structure using sea mud in high mixing amount and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological wave-proof concrete block structure utilizing sea mud in a high mixing amount and a preparation method thereof.The ecological wave-proof concrete block structure utilizing the sea mud in the high mixing amount comprises a cuboid-shaped concrete bottom plate and sawtooth blocks integrally arranged on the concrete bottom plate in an array mode, and each sawtooth block is a trapezoid-like body with the narrow upper portion and the wide lower portion; the wave facing face of the sawtooth block is a smooth arc face, and a plurality of sawtooth block wave absorbing counter bores are formed in the smooth arc face. According to the invention, sea mud is utilized to replace part of natural gravel and an auxiliary cementing material, and the biosensitivity of sea mud is fully utilized, so that reutilization is realized without influencing the mechanical properties of the concrete material, and the ecological property of the material is improved while the problem of dredging sediment treatment is solved. And on the other hand, by means of surface wave absorbing and preventing design of the ecological concrete module and by means of the fiber toughening base material, the wave absorbing and preventing capacity of the material is remarkably improved, and the ecological concrete module has excellent ecological restoration capacity and wave preventing performance and can be widely applied to maritime work structures, port and bank structures, coastline protection structures and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of marine concrete, and particularly relates to an ecological wave - preventing concrete block structure with high - content utilization of marine mud and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, the rapid development of the coastal economy has led to serious damage to the marine ecological environment, having a huge impact on the ecology and economy of China's coast. Developing concrete technology with ecological restoration functions, especially ecological concrete projects that can improve the near - shore ecological environment, has become particularly important and urgent.

[0004] Marine concrete is widely used in marine engineering, but the complexity of the marine environment poses a serious threat to its durability. Marine organisms such as oysters and barnacles attach to the concrete surface through biofilms to form organic bio - coatings, which can effectively reduce the erosion of seawater on the concrete and improve the durability of the structure.

[0005] Marine mud is a marine dredged sediment that is prone to causing pollution. Long - term accumulation will have negative impacts on the environment, society, and economy. Therefore, scientific treatment and resource utilization of dredged materials are the core of current research. However, with the acceleration of marine resource development, the demand for raw materials in engineering construction such as marine concrete is increasing day by day. Many existing studies have shown that marine dredged materials are important resources to meet the demand for building materials, can be used as a value - added material for concrete production, and will not cause secondary pollution. In addition, marine mud has excellent bioreceptivity. Its high water content, rich organic matter and mineral components, porous structure, and suitable pH value can effectively promote the attachment and reproduction of microorganisms and marine organisms. Therefore, the development and utilization of marine mud is a novel form of realizing the ecologicalization of concrete and the solid waste of marine dredged materials. It not only provides an environmentally friendly alternative material for civil engineering but also provides a dual solution for marine ecological restoration and solid waste resource utilization.

[0006] In addition, the wave impact in the marine environment poses higher requirements for the stability of concrete structures. Traditional concrete structures lack effective wave - dissipating capabilities and are difficult to cope with complex marine environments. Therefore, developing a concrete technology with both ecological restoration functions and wave - preventing capabilities has become an important research direction in the field of marine concrete. By optimizing the dosage of marine mud and using a serrated surface design, the wave - dissipating ability of concrete can be effectively improved, while promoting the attachment of marine organisms to achieve dual benefits of ecology and engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-amount utilization of sea mud and a preparation method thereof. The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-amount utilization of sea mud can effectively improve the wave-dissipating ability of the concrete.

[0009] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-amount utilization of sea mud of the present invention is characterized in that: it includes a concrete bottom plate in the shape of a cuboid and sawtooth blocks integrally arranged in an array on the concrete bottom plate. The sawtooth blocks are trapezoid-like bodies with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part. The wave-facing surface of the sawtooth blocks is a smooth arc surface, and a number of sawtooth block wave-dissipating sinkholes are provided on the smooth arc surface.

[0010] Preferably, three sawtooth block wave-dissipating sinkholes are provided on the above smooth arc surface, and the centers of the three sawtooth block wave-dissipating sinkholes form a triangular shape.

[0011] Preferably, one of the three sawtooth block wave-dissipating sinkholes is a short-axis sinkhole and the other two are long-axis sinkholes, and the axes of the three sawtooth block wave-dissipating sinkholes form an angle of 30 degrees with the upper surface of the concrete bottom plate.

[0012] Preferably, the distance between adjacent sawtooth blocks in the same row is 40 cm, and adjacent rows of sawtooth blocks are offset by 20 cm in the length direction. Preferably, a first groove is provided on the upper surface of the above concrete bottom plate between adjacent rows of sawtooth blocks.

[0013] Preferably, wave-facing surface wave-dissipating holes penetrating the front and back surfaces are provided on the wave-facing surface of the above concrete bottom plate.

[0014] Preferably, side drainage holes penetrating both side surfaces are provided on the side surface of the above concrete bottom plate.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of second grooves are arranged on the bottom surface of the above concrete bottom plate; the second grooves are perpendicular to the first grooves, and the width of the second grooves is 10 cm, the depth of the grooves is 5 cm, and the interval between adjacent second grooves is 20 cm.

[0016] Preferably, part of the supplementary cementitious material and natural sand and gravel in the above concrete block are replaced with sea mud; the concrete is composed of cement, sea mud, supplementary cementitious material, fiber, seawater and sea sand.

[0017] The preparation method of the ecological wave-dissipating concrete block with high-amount utilization of sea mud of the present invention is characterized in that: it includes the following steps: (1) Weigh cement, sea mud, supplementary cementitious material, fiber, seawater and sea sand; (2) First, put the supplementary cementitious material, sea sand, and sea mud into a concrete mixer and stir for 1 - 2 minutes; then add seawater and stir for 2 minutes; then add natural fibers and continue to stir for 5 minutes. After stirring evenly, pour it into a prefabricated mold for pouring, vibrating and compacting, and carry out standard curing for 28 days or cure according to the actual situation to obtain an ecological wave - preventing concrete module with a high content of sea mud.

[0018] By using sea mud to replace part of the natural sand and gravel and supplementary cementitious material, and making full use of its biological sensitivity, the present invention realizes reuse without affecting the mechanical properties of concrete materials. While solving the problem of dredged sediment treatment, it improves the ecological property of the materials. On the other hand, through the surface wave - eliminating and wave - preventing design of the ecological concrete module, the wave - eliminating and wave - preventing ability of the material is significantly improved. The present invention has excellent ecological restoration ability and wave - preventing performance and can be widely applied to marine structures, port shore structures, coastline protection structures, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an ecological wave - eliminating concrete block of the present invention from one angle; Figure 2 is a perspective view of an ecological wave - eliminating concrete block of the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 is a perspective view of the upper serrated block of the ecological wave - eliminating concrete block of the present invention; Wherein: 1 - concrete bottom plate, 2 - serrated block, 11 - second groove, 12 - wave - facing wave - eliminating hole, 13 - side drainage hole, 14 - first groove, 21 - serrated - block wave - eliminating hole, 22 - top of serrated block, 23 - wave - facing surface of serrated block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The following further explains and illustrates the present invention in combination with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0022] The ecological wave - preventing concrete block structure with a high content of sea mud of the present invention includes a concrete bottom plate 1 in a cuboid shape and a serrated block 2 arranged in an integral array on the concrete bottom plate.

[0023] The size of the concrete bottom plate 1 is 2.5 m in length, 2.5 m in width, and 1 m in height. Multiple second grooves are arranged on the bottom surface of the concrete bottom plate; the width of the second groove is 10 cm, the depth of the groove is 5 cm, and the interval between adjacent second grooves is 20 cm.

[0024] Wave - facing wave - eliminating holes 12 penetrating the front and back surfaces are arranged on the wave - facing surface of the concrete bottom plate, and side drainage holes 13 penetrating both side surfaces are arranged on the side surface of the concrete bottom plate. The wave - facing wave - eliminating holes 12 and the side drainage holes 13 can be round holes or oval holes. When they are round holes, the diameter is 20 cm, and the interval between adjacent holes is 25 cm.

[0025] The serrated block is a trapezoid-like body that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. The upper and lower surfaces of the serrated block are both square. The size of the upper surface of the serrated block is 20 cm * 20 cm, the size of the lower surface of the serrated block is 40 cm * 40 cm, and the height is 60 cm. The wave-facing surface 23 of the serrated block is a smooth arc surface, and a number of serrated-block wave-dissipating sinkholes 21 are provided on the smooth arc surface.

[0026] The top 22 of the serrated block can also be an arc surface.

[0027] Among them, the distance between serrated blocks in the same row is 40 cm, and the adjacent rows of serrated blocks are offset by 20 cm in the length direction.

[0028] There are three serrated-block wave-dissipating sinkholes 21 on the smooth arc surface, and the centers of the three serrated-block wave-dissipating sinkholes form a triangular shape; among the three serrated-block wave-dissipating sinkholes 21, there is one short-axis sinkhole and two long-axis sinkholes. The depth of the long-axis sinkhole is 15 cm, the depth of the short-axis sinkhole is 10 cm. The shape of the serrated-block wave-dissipating sinkhole 21 can be circular or elliptical. The axes of the three serrated-block wave-dissipating sinkholes form an angle of 30 degrees with the upper surface of the concrete floor slab.

[0029] A first groove 14 is provided on the upper surface of the concrete floor slab between adjacent rows of serrated blocks, and the first groove 14 can provide a habitat space for marine organisms.

[0030] The concrete block of the present invention uses sea mud to replace part of the role of auxiliary cementitious materials and natural sand and gravel; the concrete is composed of cement, sea mud, auxiliary cementitious materials, fibers, seawater, sea sand, and polycarboxylate superplasticizer. Among them, there are 20 - 40 parts of cement, 10 - 20 parts of auxiliary cementitious materials, the sea mud is 0.5 - 1 of the mass of the cementitious materials (the sum of cement and auxiliary cementitious materials), 0.1 - 0.15 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 1 - 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, the water-cement ratio ranges from 0.3 - 0.5, the sand-cement ratio is 1.0 - 1.5, and the particle size of the sea mud is 0 - 1 mm; the seawater is one of artificial seawater and natural seawater; the auxiliary cementitious materials are one or several of slag, fly ash, and silica fume; the particle size of the sea sand is 0 - 4.75 mm; the natural fibers are one or several of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, steel fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber.

[0031] The serrated block 2 of the present invention adopts a composite design of trapezoid and curve. The trapezoid design with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part increases the stability of the serrations themselves. The angle and curve design of the serrated block can guide the waves to flow in a specific direction, effectively disperse the wave energy, reduce wave reflection, and at the same time reduce the intensity of the waves reflected back to the ocean, avoiding secondary interference to the surrounding marine environment. The staggered arrangement of adjacent rows of serrated blocks forms a complex path for wave energy dissipation, increasing the wave breaking effect. The triangular distribution of the three wave-dissipating and sinking holes 21 of the serrated block ensures that the wave-dissipating holes can better evenly disperse the wave energy, reducing wave reflection and impact force.

[0032] The preparation method of the ecological wave-dissipating concrete block with high-amount utilization of sea mud of the present invention includes the following steps: (1) Weigh cement, sea mud, auxiliary cementitious materials, natural fibers, seawater and sea sand; (2) First, put the auxiliary cementitious materials, sea sand and sea mud into a concrete mixer and stir for 1 - 2 minutes; then add seawater and stir for 2 minutes; then add natural fibers and continue to stir for 5 minutes; after stirring evenly, put it into a prefabricated mold for pouring, vibrating and compacting, and carry out standard curing for 28 days or cure according to the actual situation, then the ecological wave-dissipating concrete module with high-amount sea mud can be obtained.

[0033] Due to its special geometric shape, the serrated module design of the present invention can effectively reduce the wave energy and impact by changing the wave propagation direction, increasing wave energy dispersion, improving friction and vortex effects, etc. It can effectively improve the wave-dissipating effect, enhance the stability of the structure, and adapt to the marine environment under different wave intensities. Whether it is for protecting the coast, port or other water facilities, the serrated block design is an effective wave-dissipating solution. And the irregular design of the serrated surface is beneficial to the inhabitation and attachment of marine organisms, contributing to the restoration and protection of the marine ecosystem.

[0034] The concrete modular design can achieve high-efficiency wave dissipation according to different environmental and wave conditions through flexible and adjustable structural and functional combinations. The modular design can make the structure have strong adaptability, scalability and high-efficiency wave energy conversion and dispersion ability in practical applications.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Sea mud drying treatment: Only under drying treatment, the physical and chemical properties of sea mud will not change significantly. Sea mud still shows characteristics such as high organic matter content, rich mineral components and trace elements, low pH, porous, and high microbial activity. It has strong primary sensitive organisms and is easy to attract and support the attachment and growth of microorganisms and marine organisms.

[0036] (2)Zigzag ecological wave dissipation design: The collaborative design of composite zigzags and wave dissipation holes, where the zigzag modules demonstrate powerful performance in both wave prevention and dissipation as well as in ecology. The shape, angle, arrangement of the zigzags and the shape, distribution, and direction settings of the wave dissipation holes cooperate with each other to interfere with, break, and dissipate wave energy from multiple levels and angles; whether it is the energy dispersion when facing direct wave impact or the gradual energy dissipation during the guidance of wave propagation, it can be efficiently achieved, providing a reliable protection barrier for the coastline; its own spatial complexity (depressions, corrugations, holes) increases the habitat space for the marine ecosystem, which is conducive to promoting marine ecological attachment.

[0037] (3)Utilization of high-ratio marine mud: The present invention realizes the resource utilization of waste. By optimizing and adjusting, a large amount of marine mud can be used, effectively saving resources; the disposal of marine mud is achieved through a simple process, greatly reducing the disposal cost.

[0038] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological wave - preventing concrete block structure with high - content utilization of sea mud, characterized in that: It includes a concrete bottom plate in the shape of a cuboid and serrated blocks arranged in an integrated array on the concrete bottom plate. The serrated blocks are trapezoid-like bodies that are narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. The wave-facing surface of the serrated blocks is a smooth arc surface, and several wave-dissipating sinkholes for serrated blocks are provided on the smooth arc surface.

2. The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-loading utilization of sea mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three wave-dissipating sinkholes for serrated blocks are provided on the smooth arc surface, and the centers of the three wave-dissipating sinkholes for serrated blocks form a triangular shape.

3. The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-loading utilization of sea mud according to claim 2, wherein: One of the three wave-dissipating sinkholes for serrated blocks is a short-axis sinkhole and the other two are long-axis sinkholes. The axes of the three wave-dissipating sinkholes for serrated blocks form an angle of 30 degrees with the upper surface of the concrete bottom plate.

4. The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-loading utilization of sea mud according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between serrated blocks in the same row is 40 cm, and the adjacent rows of serrated blocks are offset by 20 cm in the length direction.

5. The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-loading utilization of sea mud according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first groove is provided on the upper surface of the concrete bottom plate between adjacent rows of serrated blocks.

6. The ecological wave - proof concrete block structure with high - content utilization of sea mud according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that: Wave-facing surface wave-dissipating holes penetrating the front and back surfaces are provided on the wave-facing surface of the concrete bottom plate.

7. The ecological wave-dissipating concrete block structure with high-loading utilization of sea mud according to claim 6, characterized in that: Side drainage holes penetrating the two side surfaces are provided on the side surface of the concrete bottom plate.

8. The ecological wave - prevention concrete block structure with high - content utilization of sea mud according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple second grooves are arranged on the bottom surface of the concrete bottom plate; the second grooves are perpendicular to the first grooves, and the width of the second grooves is 10 cm, the depth of the grooves is 5 cm, and the adjacent second grooves are spaced 20 cm apart.

9. The ecological wave - proof concrete block structure with high - content utilization of sea mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: Part of the supplementary cementitious material and natural sand and gravel are replaced by marine mud in the concrete block; the concrete is composed of cement, marine mud, supplementary cementitious material, fiber, seawater and marine sand.

10. A preparation method of an ecological wave-dissipating concrete block with high utilization of sea mud, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Weigh cement, marine mud, supplementary cementitious material, fiber, seawater and marine sand; (2) First, put the supplementary cementitious material, marine sand and marine mud into a concrete mixer and stir for 1 - 2 minutes; then add seawater and stir for 2 minutes; then add fiber and continue to stir for 5 minutes; after stirring evenly, put it into a prefabricated mold for pouring, vibrating and compacting, and carry out standard curing for 28 d or cure according to the actual situation, then the ecological wave-dissipating concrete module with high content of marine mud can be obtained.

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