Ecological reef for preventing beach erosion and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological reef for preventing beach erosion and an application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environmental protection. The ecological reef comprises a bottom protection ecological reef arranged in an intertidal zone or a subtidal zone and a beach protection ecological reef arranged in a subtidal zone; the bottom protection ecological reef comprises a bottom protection reef base, an ecological reef body and synaptic wave dissipation piles. The bottom protection reef base is hollow, the bottom face of the bottom protection reef base is provided with a communicating opening communicating with the outside, and the bottom of the ecological reef body is arranged on the bottom protection reef base and provided with a through cavity. The through cavity is right opposite to the communicating opening. The plurality of synaptic wave dissipation piles surround the top of the ecological reef body; the beach protection ecological reef comprises a first square reef, a second square reef and three-cluster communicated ecological columns; the first square reef and the second square reef are spliced together, are of hollow structures, and can be inserted into the top of at least one three-cluster communicated ecological column; the method not only can prevent silty silt beaches from being eroded, but also has ecological space restoration and protection functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environmental protection, and particularly relates to an ecological reef for protecting beach erosion and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coastal erosion disasters are prone to occur. Under the influence of climate change, sea-level rise and human activities, the coastline of silty and muddy coasts is generally eroded, the shoreline retreats, affecting the stability of sea dikes and the production, life and ecological security behind the dikes. At present, the construction of sea dikes mostly adopts a rigid structure design. The "Technical Guide for the Ecological Construction of Sea Dikes" also proposes that beach protection and scour prevention at the toe of the dike can be achieved through vegetation planting, reef construction, artificial sand replenishment or the construction of artificial structures to protect against beach erosion.

[0003] For the protective reefs of silty and muddy coasts, although there are various types of reefs, the ecological effects are relatively lacking and the protective functions still need to be improved. Existing reefs mostly use natural materials such as oyster reef bags or strings made of fixed nets wrapped with oysters and fan shells, carbonate rocks, etc., or precast reefs such as reinforced concrete and solidified fly ash. At present, it is difficult to well unify the ecological and protective functions of reefs, which is also the difficulty in the design of coastal reefs.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the erosion characteristics of silty and muddy coasts and the design difficulties of protective reefs, it is necessary to design a reef structure that can not only protect against the erosion of silty and muddy beaches but also has the functions of ecological space restoration and protection, so as to improve the stability and ecological vitality of the coastal shoreline. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological reef for protecting beach erosion and an application method thereof, which can not only protect against the erosion of silty and muddy beaches but also has the functions of ecological space restoration and protection.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, an ecological reef for protecting beach erosion is provided, including a plurality of bottom protection ecological reefs arranged in the intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone and a plurality of beach protection ecological reefs arranged in the supratidal zone;

[0008] The bottom protection ecological reef includes a bottom protection reef base, an ecological reef body and synaptic wave-dissipating piles; the bottom protection reef base is hollow and has a communication port on the bottom surface communicating with the outside, the bottom of the ecological reef body is arranged on the bottom protection reef base and has a through cavity communicating with the inside of the bottom protection reef base; the through cavity is opposite to the communication port; a plurality of the synaptic wave-dissipating piles surround the top of the ecological reef body;

[0009] The beach protection ecological reef includes a first square reef, a second square reef and three clusters of connected ecological columns; the first square reef and the second square reef are spliced together, both the first square reef and the second square reef are of hollow structure, and both can accommodate the insertion of the top of at least one of the three clusters of connected ecological columns; the three clusters of connected ecological columns include vertical pipe columns and horizontal internal connecting pipes; there are multiple horizontal internal connecting pipes and they connect the three vertical pipe columns into a whole.

[0010] Optionally, the ecological reef body is in the shape of a frustum of a cone, and the large end is connected to the bottom protection reef base; the through cavity is in the shape of an inverted frustum of a cone; the synaptic wave-dissipating pile is a solid cylinder; several ballast stones are placed inside the bottom protection reef base.

[0011] Optionally, the ratio of the diameter of the large end to the diameter of the small end of the through cavity is 2:1 - 3:1; the diameter of the small end of the through cavity is not less than 0.2 m, the height is not less than 1.5 m, and the ratio of the height to the diameter of the small end is greater than 5:1;

[0012] The synaptic wave-dissipating pile forms an angle of 30 - 45° with the ecological reef body; the number of the synaptic wave-dissipating piles on each ecological reef body is 3 - 5; the axial length of the synaptic wave-dissipating pile is 0.2 - 0.4 m, and the diameter is 0.1 - 0.15 m;

[0013] The bottom protection reef base is a cuboid, and the surface connected to the ecological reef body is square; the thickness of the bottom protection reef base is not less than 0.2 m, and the side length of the square is not less than 1 m.

[0014] Optionally, the bottom protection reef base, the ecological reef body and the synaptic wave-dissipating pile are integrally formed and are made of concrete with a dry apparent density ≥ 3000 kg / m3.

[0015] Optionally, both the first square reef and the second square reef are of hollow structure; a groove is formed by inward depression at the middle position on the side of the first square reef; a convex block adapted to the groove is formed by outward protrusion at the middle position on the side of the second square reef; the groove extends to the upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef.

[0016] Optionally, the upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef and the second square reef are both square with a side length of 1 - 2 m, and the thickness of both the first square reef and the second square reef is 0.3 - 0.5 m; when the groove and the convex block are projected onto the plane where the lower surface of the first square reef is located, both the groove and the convex block are semi-circular, and the diameter of the inward depression of the groove does not exceed 1 / 4 of the side length of the lower surface of the first square reef.

[0017] Optionally, strip-shaped holes bordering the groove or the convex block are provided on the sides of the first square reef and the second square reef;

[0018] There are two strip-shaped holes on the same side of the first reef or the second reef, and they are respectively located on the left and right sides of the groove or on the left and right sides of the bump; the length of the strip-shaped hole does not exceed 2 / 3 of the side length of the first reef or the second reef, and the width does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the first reef or the second reef.

[0019] Optionally, the bottom surfaces of the first reef and the second reef are the first wire meshes; a number of ballast stones are arranged inside the first reef and the second reef.

[0020] The first wire mesh on the bottom surfaces of the first reef and the second reef is provided with through holes for accommodating the heads of the vertical pipe columns to pass through; the bottom of the vertical pipe column is provided with a second wire mesh, and the head and tail of the horizontal inline pipe are respectively communicated with two adjacent vertical pipe columns; the three vertical pipe columns are distributed in an equilateral triangle in the horizontal plane.

[0021] The mesh aperture of the first wire mesh is not greater than 0.03 m; the mesh aperture of the second wire mesh is not greater than 0.02 m.

[0022] The inner diameter of the horizontal inline pipe is 0.03 - 0.05 m; the inner diameter of the vertical pipe column is 0.1 - 0.15 m; the axial length of the vertical pipe column is not less than 0.3 m.

[0023] In a second aspect, an application method of an ecological reef for protecting the beach from erosion is provided. Based on the ecological reef for protecting the beach from erosion according to any one of the first aspects, it is characterized in that it includes: installation of a bottom protection ecological reef and installation of a beach protection ecological reef.

[0024] The installation of the bottom protection ecological reef includes:

[0025] Level the underwater terrain of the intertidal zone and / or the subtidal zone, and conduct a first network division in the preset wave-dissipating and bottom-protecting area, and install fixing piles adapted to the diameter of the communication port at the central point of each first grid; the depth of the fixing piles inserted below the tidal flat is at least 0.5 m.

[0026] Insert the bottom protection ecological reef into the fixing piles from top to bottom, and place the bottom protection reef base on the leveled intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone; throw stones for ballast on the surfaces of all the bottom protection reef bases.

[0027] The installation of the beach protection ecological reef includes:

[0028] Level the terrain in the supratidal zone and conduct a second grid division, and each second grid is used to place the first reef or the second reef.

[0029] Sequentially add sandy soil matrix to each of the three clusters of connected ecological columns, and pre-embed salt marsh plant seeds growing in the seadike and tidal flat environment or plant salt marsh vegetation seedlings in the matrix.

[0030] Alternately inserting three clusters of connected ecological columns inserted into the first square reef and three clusters of connected ecological columns inserted into the second square reef into the second grid;

[0031] The first square reef and the second square reef are alternately inserted into the corresponding three clusters of connected ecological columns in the second grid, and during the insertion process, the grooves and protrusions of the first square reef and the second square reef are engaged to achieve the splicing of the first square reef and the second square reef.

[0032] Optionally, in the first network division in the preset wave-breaking and bottom-protecting protection area, the size of each first grid is consistent with the horizontal projection size of the bottom-protecting reef seat, the first grid includes at least two strips, and the spacing between the two strips is less than 0.2m;

[0033] The top of the fixing pile is flush with the top surface of the ecological reef body.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The bottom protection ecological reef and the beach protection ecological reef of the present invention are used in combination, and have the characteristics of strong wave-breaking ability in the nearshore area, good beach protection and slope protection effects, protection of coastal ecological space, and high implementation efficiency. They can solve the problems of erosion protection of silty coastal beaches, protection of the water-side embankment of the seawall, and construction of ecological space, and enhance the functions of the seawall in preventing waves and tides, maintaining ecological habitats, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological reef for protecting the shore erosion of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the bottom protection ecological reef of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the through cavity of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the bottom protection ecological reef of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first square reef of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second square reef of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the first steel wire mesh of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first square reef and its corresponding three clusters of connected ecological columns of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the three-cluster connected ecological column of the present invention.

[0045] In the figure, the markings are as follows: 1 is the bottom protection ecological reef, 11 is the bottom protection reef base, 12 is the ecological reef body, 13 is the synaptic wave-dissipating pile, 14 is the through cavity, 15 is the ballast stone, 2 is the beach protection ecological reef, 21 is the first square reef, 22 is the second square reef, 23 is the three-cluster connected ecological column, 231 is the vertical pipe column, 232 is the horizontal internal connecting pipe, 233 is the second wire mesh, 24 is the groove, 25 is the convex block, 26 is the strip hole, and 27 is the first wire mesh. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. cited in the invention are only for the sake of clarity in narration, rather than to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to describe a specific order or sequence. In addition, the term "comprising" and any variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] As Figure 1 shown, an ecological reef for protecting beach erosion includes a bottom protection ecological reef 1 and a beach protection ecological reef 2; a plurality of bottom protection ecological reefs 1 are arranged in the intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone, and a plurality of beach protection ecological reefs 2 are arranged on the supratidal zone of the seawall; the bottom protection ecological reef 1 can dissipate wave energy and create a habitat space for benthic organisms; the beach protection ecological reef 2 can effectively protect the slope and provide shelter for meiofauna and the like.

[0050] As Figures 2 - 4 shown, the bottom protection ecological reef 1 includes a bottom protection reef base 11, an ecological reef body 12 and a synaptic wave-dissipating pile 13; the bottom protection reef base 11 is hollow and has a communication port (not shown in the figure) provided on the bottom surface and communicating with the outside, and the communication port at the bottom of the bottom protection reef base 11 communicates with the bottom beach; the bottom protection reef base 11 is a cuboid, and both the upper and lower surfaces are square; the thickness of the bottom protection reef base 11 is not less than 0.2 m, and the side length of the square is not less than 1 m. The bottom of the bottom protection reef base 11 can receive sedimentation to form a new biological habitat space and provide shelter and a living place for benthic organisms.

[0051] In this embodiment, the bottom protection reef base 11 serves as the bottom bearing member. A number of ballast stones 15 are placed inside the bottom protection reef base 11. The ballast stones 15 are beneficial to making the ballast of the bottom protection ecological reef 1 more stable, improving the stability of the bottom protection ecological reef 1. The porous environment formed by the gaps between the ballast stones 15 also provides a rich and diverse water flow environment for the survival of small benthic organisms. The ballast stones 15 are usually placed before the bottom protection reef base 11 is completely formed, that is, the bottom protection reef base 11 usually needs to be formed in two steps. Of course, in some other embodiments, the ballast stones 15 can also be crushed stones, which are placed inside the bottom protection reef base 11 through the communication ports, and can be specifically determined according to the actual processing and application scenarios.

[0052] The bottom of the ecological reef body 12 is arranged on the bottom protection reef base 11 and is provided with a through cavity 14 communicating with the inside of the bottom protection reef base 11; the through cavity 14 is opposite to the communication port, that is, the through cavity 14 communicates with the bottom beach. The setting of the through cavity 14 can maintain the soil and water connectivity between the ecological reef body 12 and the bottom beach. If substances such as sediment enter the through cavity 14, the sediment will be intercepted, and the nutrients carried by the sediment will be preserved, which is convenient for creating a benthic organism habitat space.

[0053] The ecological reef body 12 is in the shape of a frustum of a cone, and the large end is connected to the bottom protection reef base 11; the through cavity 14 is in the shape of an inverted frustum of a cone, and the ratio of the diameter of the large end to the diameter of the small end of the through cavity 14 is 2:1 - 3:1; the diameter of the small end of the through cavity 14 is not less than 0.2 m, the height is not less than 1.5 m, and the ratio of the height to the diameter of the small end is greater than 5:1; the inverted frustum-shaped through cavity 14 provides an internal attachment space for benthic organisms, especially oysters, and avoids the influence of the strong wave scouring water flow environment on the survival of organisms.

[0054] A number of synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 surround the top of the ecological reef body 12; the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 are solid cylinders; the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 form an angle of 30 - 45° with the ecological reef body 12; the number of synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 on each ecological reef body 12 is 3 - 5, the axial length of the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 is 0.2 - 0.4 m, and the diameter is 0.1 - 0.15 m; all the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 on each ecological reef body 12 are located on the same horizontal plane of the ecological reef body 12. When the wave acts on the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13, the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 dissipate the wave energy through the breaking of the wave, generating irregular disturbances in the vertical water body, thereby reducing the shear force of the wave flow acting on the bottom and its scouring and sand-lifting effects on the bottom sediment, and reducing the damage and disturbance of the wave to the bottom beach topography.

[0055] In this embodiment, the bottom protection reef base 11, the ecological reef body 12, and the synaptic wave-dissipating piles 13 are integrally formed and are made of concrete with a dry apparent density ≥ 3000 kg / m3. Of course, they can also be made of other materials such as solidified fly ash, etc., and can be specifically referred to the existing technology.

[0056] As shown Figures 5 - 9 in Figures 5 - 9 , the beach protection ecological reef 2 includes a first square reef 21, a second square reef 22 and three clusters of connected ecological columns 23; the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 are spliced together through a concave-convex connection structure. Both the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 are hollow structures and can accommodate the insertion of the top of at least one three-cluster connected ecological column 23. Usually, at least two three-cluster connected ecological columns 23 are arranged in the first square reef 21 or the second square reef 22.

[0057] Both the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 are hollow structures; in the middle position of each side of the first square reef 21, a groove 24 is formed by inward depression; in the middle position of each side of the second square reef 22, a convex block 25 is formed by outward protrusion; the convex block 25 cooperates with the groove 24; the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 of different beach protection ecological reefs 2 can also be engaged, that is, a groove 24 of the first square reef 21 and a convex block 25 of the second square reef 22 form a concave-convex connection structure, so that the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 are spliced together; the groove 24 extends to the upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef 21, and the convex block 25 usually extends to the upper and lower surfaces of the second square reef 22. Four second square reefs 22 can be spliced around the first square reef 21. Similarly, four first square reefs 21 can be spliced around the second square reef 22.

[0058] In this embodiment, the upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 are both square with a side length of 1 - 2m, and the thickness of both the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 is 0.3 - 0.5m; when the groove 24 and the convex block 25 are projected onto the plane where the lower surface of the first square reef 21 is located, both the groove 24 and the convex block 25 are semi-circular, and the diameter of the inward depression of the groove 24 does not exceed 1 / 4 of the side length of the lower surface of the first square reef 21.

[0059] Furthermore, strip-shaped holes 26 are arranged on the sides of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 and are adjacent to the groove 24 or the convex block 25; there are two strip-shaped holes 26 on the same side of the first square reef 21 or the second square reef 22, and they are respectively located on the left and right sides of the groove 24 or on the left and right sides of the convex block 25; the length of the strip-shaped hole 26 does not exceed 2 / 3 of the side length of the first square reef 21 or the second square reef 22, and the width does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the first square reef 21 or the second square reef 22. The arrangement of the strip-shaped holes 26 can make the inside and outside of the reef bodies of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 communicate, facilitating the exchange of water and sand entering the reef body with adjacent reef bodies. When the sea waves erode and carry sediment into the reef body, it is also convenient for the water and sand to drain out of the reef body, keeping the reef body from being silted up and leaving space for biological habitats.

[0060] The bottom surfaces of the first reef 21 and the second reef 22 are the first steel wire mesh 27; a number of ballast stones 15 are arranged inside both the first reef 21 and the second reef 22, and the mesh aperture of the first steel wire mesh 27 is not greater than 0.03 m; the installation method of the first steel wire mesh 27 can refer to the prior art. The mesh structure at the bottom of the first reef 21 and the second reef 22 can enhance the water and soil connectivity inside and at the bottom of the reefs of the first reef 21 and the second reef 22. At the same time, it can carry substances such as stones and place them inside the reefs, increasing the pore heterogeneity and diversity inside the reefs. The first steel wire mesh 27 at the bottom surfaces of the first reef 21 and the second reef 22 is provided with through holes (not shown in the figure) for the heads of the vertical pipe columns 231 to pass through (that is, the horizontal inline pipe 232 is located outside the first reef 21). Of course, in some other embodiments, the horizontal inline pipe 232 can also be arranged inside the first reef 21 or the second reef 22.

[0061] The three clusters of connected ecological columns 23 include three vertical pipe columns 231 and a horizontal inline pipe 232; there are multiple horizontal inline pipes 232, which connect the three vertical pipe columns 231 into a whole. Specifically, the head and tail of the horizontal inline pipe 232 communicate with the two adjacent vertical pipe columns 231 respectively; the three vertical pipe columns 231 are distributed in an equilateral triangle in the horizontal plane; the tops of the vertical pipe columns 231 are inserted into the first reef 21 or the second reef 22, and the three vertical pipe columns 231 communicate with each other through the horizontal inline pipe 232; the inner diameter of the horizontal inline pipe 232 is 0.03 - 0.05 m; the inner diameter of the vertical pipe column 231 is 0.1 - 0.15 m; the axial length of the vertical pipe column 231 is not less than 0.3 m; the vertical pipe column 231 facilitates natural precipitation and wave - carried sediment to enter the ecological column, accumulating substrates such as water and sediment. Of course, when the vertical pipe column 231 is installed in the supratidal zone, it can also be directly filled with water and sediment substrates and pre - buried with plant seeds, so as to provide a shelter and habitat ecological space for the development and growth of plant germplasm and the survival of meiofauna; the three vertical pipe columns 231 communicate with each other through three horizontal inline pipes 232. On the one hand, the three horizontal inline pipes 232 can strengthen the stability of the vertical pipe columns 231, and on the other hand, they can enhance the water and sediment connectivity between different vertical pipe columns 231. When the water level in one of the vertical pipe columns 231 is low, and the water levels in the other two vertical pipe columns 231 are high, or when receiving precipitation or seawater replenishment, the three horizontal inline pipes 232 will make the water surface lines inside the three clusters of connected ecological columns 23 at the same horizontal plane through the water level difference, forming a dynamic balance, so that the vertical pipe column 231 with a low internal water level can be replenished with water. When the vertical pipe columns 231 carry coastal plants developed from artificially planted or naturally buried plant seeds, the three horizontal inline pipes 232 will increase the space capacity and water transfer ability of the whole formed by each vertical pipe column 231, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of plants.

[0062] In this embodiment, a second wire mesh 233 is provided at the bottom of the vertical pipe column 231, and the mesh aperture of the second wire mesh 233 is not greater than 0.02 m; the structure of the second wire mesh 233 is mainly to facilitate the connection between the three clusters of connected ecological columns 23 and the bottom soil and water, increase connectivity, the roots of plants and the like can take root downward through the aperture, and also provide access channels for meiofauna.

[0063] Embodiment 2

[0064] An application method of an ecological reef for protecting shore beach erosion, based on the ecological reef for protecting shore beach erosion in Embodiment 1, includes the following steps:

[0065] (1). Installation of the bottom protection ecological reef 1

[0066] Specifically, it includes:

[0067] S11: Level the underwater terrain of the intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone, conduct a first network division in the preset wave-dissipating and bottom-protecting area, and install a fixed pile adapted to the diameter of the connection port at the central point of each first grid; the depth of the fixed pile inserted below the tidal flat is at least 0.5 m.

[0068] The bottom protection ecological reef 1 is applicable to wave dissipation and bottom protection in the intertidal zone and subtidal zone; when leveling the underwater terrain of the intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone, it is preferred to operate during the ebb tide period, mainly to tidy up the tidal channels, fill in the gullies, pre-bury gravel in the underwater pothole areas with relatively strong erosion, the diameter of the gravel is generally greater than 0.3 m, the pre-burial elevation does not exceed the bottom height of the tidal flat, and then artificial sand filling is carried out on the pothole surface.

[0069] In the first network division in the preset wave-dissipating and bottom-protecting area, the size of each first grid is the same as the horizontal projection size of the bottom protection reef base 11, each divided first grid has fixed longitude and latitude coordinates, and the actual position of the central point of the grid can be marked.

[0070] When dividing the first grid, the first grid includes at least two strips (each strip usually includes at least 3 rows of grids), and the distance between the two strips is less than 0.2 m.

[0071] The depth of the fixed pile vertically penetrating below the tidal flat is at least 0.5 m, and the height exposed above the tidal flat is the same as the height of the ecological reef body 12, that is, the top of the fixed pile is flush with the top surface of the ecological reef body 12; the bottom diameter of the fixed pile is 0.6 to 0.8 times the diameter of the small end of the through cavity 14.

[0072] S12: Insert the bottom protection ecological reef 1 into the fixed pile from top to bottom, and place the bottom protection reef base 11 on the leveled intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone; throw rubble for ballast on the surface of all bottom protection reef bases 11.

[0073] The rubble can increase the stability of the bottom protection ecological reef 1 against wind and waves. After the installation of a single strip of the bottom protection ecological reef 1 is completed, the installation of the adjacent next strip of the bottom protection ecological reef 1 is carried out.

[0074] (2). The installation of the beach protection ecological reef 2 includes:

[0075] S21: Level the terrain in the supratidal zone and conduct a second grid division. Each second grid is used to place the first square reef 21 or the second square reef 22.

[0076] Level the terrain of the supratidal zone protection area, remove the rubble and weeds, fill the potholes with sand and gravel. Each second grid can install the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22. The planar dimensions of the two square reefs are the same and are adapted to the second grid.

[0077] S22: Sequentially add sandy soil matrix to each of the three-cluster connected ecological columns 23, and pre-bury the salt marsh plant seeds growing in the sea dike and tidal flat environment in the matrix, or plant the seedlings of salt marsh vegetation.

[0078] S23: Alternately insert the three-cluster connected ecological columns 23 inserted into the first square reef 21 and the three-cluster connected ecological columns 23 inserted into the second square reef 22 into the second grid.

[0079] For each vertical column of the three-cluster connected ecological columns 23, watering measures can be supplemented to promote the development of plant seeds or the growth of seedlings, form an environment suitable for the growth and rooting of salt marsh plants, and improve the ecology of the coastal slope. Before the plants form the self-sustaining growth ability, regularly carry out the maintenance of the slope structure and the management of the plants.

[0080] S24: Alternately insert the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 into the corresponding three-cluster connected ecological columns 23 in the second grid. And during the insertion process, engage the grooves 24 and the protrusions 25 of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 to achieve the splicing of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22.

[0081] The first square reef 21 and its corresponding three-cluster connected ecological columns 23 are combined together, the second square reef 22 and its corresponding three-cluster connected ecological columns 23 are combined together, the grooves 24 and the protrusions 25 of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 are engaged together, and the first square reefs 21 and the second square reefs 22 of several beach protection ecological reefs 2 are alternately fitted together, and the slope area is paved. The paving method is simple to operate, stable to install and has good effects, and finally forms a beach protection and shore protection ecological reef group.

[0082] Embodiment 3

[0083] Provide a specific example of an ecological reef for protecting the shore beach from erosion, which is applied to a protection project in an eroded coastal zone in the Bohai Bay.

[0084] The design parameters of the bottom protection ecological reef 1 are as follows:

[0085] The circular diameter of the upper part of the through cavity 14 is 0.4m, the circular diameter of the lower part is 0.2m, and the depth is 1.6m. The lower circular diameter of the ecological reef body 12 is 0.8m, and the interior is solid heavy concrete material with a dry apparent density of 3200kg / m 3 The synaptic wave-breaking piles 13 are designed to be five in number, which enhances the wave-breaking capability. Each pile is 0.3 m long and 0.1 m in diameter. The synaptic wave-breaking piles 13 and the ecological reef 12 form a 30° angle. The bottom protection reef seat 11 has a side length of 1.2 m and a thickness of 0.3 m.

[0086] The design parameters of the beach protection ecological reef 2 are as follows:

[0087] The square side length of the upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef 21 and the second square reef 22 is 1.2m, the thickness is 0.3m, the semicircle diameter of the groove 24 and the protrusion 25 is the same, the diameter is 0.3m. The length of the strip hole 26 is 0.6m, the width is 0.1m. The aperture of the first steel wire mesh 27 is designed to be circular, which is convenient for the bottom water and soil to communicate, and the aperture is 0.03m.

[0088] The inner diameter of the vertical pipe column 231 of the three clusters of connected ecological columns 23 is 0.1m and the length is 0.4m, taking into account scientific manufacturing, structural stability, and construction convenience. The aperture of the second steel wire mesh 233 is 0.02m. The pipe diameter of the horizontal inner pipe 232 is 0.03m.

[0089] In the intertidal zone protection area, a protection strip of bottom ecological reef 1 is arranged at a vertical distance of 30m from the shoreline, with an area of about 17000m 2 The protection strip is about 4.0m wide, 4.8km long, and has about 12,000 piles. The protection strip is composed of three adjacent sub-strips, and the width of a single sub-strip is the side length of a single bottom protection ecological reef 1.

[0090] In the supratidal zone protection area, the length of the seawall slope protection is the same as the length of the bottom protection ecological reef 1 protection strip, which is about 4.8 km. The vertical slope protection width is about 5.0 m. Four adjacent first square reefs 21 and second square reefs 22 can be arranged in width. Each first square reef 21 and second square reef 22 is combined with two three-cluster connected ecological columns 23, with a total protection area of about 24,000 m 2 The seeds of the salt marsh plant Suaeda salsa are pre-buried in the three clusters of vertical pipe columns 231 connected to the ecological columns 23 .

[0091] An erosion coast protection project in the Bohai Bay has been completed. In the later stage, watering, fertilizing, weeding and other management and protection measures have been carried out on the slope structure and plants every month for a consecutive year. After four times of monitoring, it shows that the bottom protection ecological reef 1 can effectively dissipate the significant wave height of the waves, and the dissipation rate reaches about 60%. It effectively protects the coast behind the bottom protection ecological reef 1 and can resist the storm surge impact caused by typhoon weather. A variety of benthic organisms such as oysters and crabs are found in the bottom protection ecological reef group. The beach protection ecological reef group can effectively protect the slope. The slope has not been significantly eroded. The germination rate of the pre-buried Suaeda salsa seeds reaches more than 52%, exceeding the expectation. Moreover, the roots can penetrate deep into the soil at the bottom of the slope, improving the ecological habitat environment of the coast and enhancing the stability and ecological vitality of the coastal shoreline.

[0092] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0093] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, several improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological reef for protecting beach erosion, characterized in that, It includes several bottom protection ecological reefs (1) arranged in the intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone and several beach protection ecological reefs (2) arranged in the supratidal zone; The bottom protection ecological reef (1) includes a bottom protection reef base (11), an ecological reef body (12) and synaptic wave-dissipating piles (13); the bottom protection reef base (11) is hollow and has a communication port on the bottom surface communicating with the outside, the bottom of the ecological reef body (12) is arranged on the bottom protection reef base (11), and a through cavity (14) communicating with the inside of the bottom protection reef base (11) is provided; the through cavity (14) is opposite to the communication port; several synaptic wave-dissipating piles (13) surround the top of the ecological reef body (12); The beach protection ecological reef (2) includes a first square reef (21), a second square reef (22) and three clusters of connected ecological columns (23); the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22) are spliced together, both the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22) are hollow structures, and both can accommodate the insertion of the top of at least one cluster of three connected ecological columns (23); the three clusters of connected ecological columns (23) include vertical pipe columns (231) and horizontal internal connecting pipes (232); there are multiple horizontal internal connecting pipes (232) and they connect the three vertical pipe columns (231) into a whole.

2. The ecological reef for protecting the shore from erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological reef body (12) is in the shape of a frustum of a cone, and the large end is connected to the bottom protection reef base (11); the through cavity (14) is in the shape of an inverted frustum of a cone; the synaptic wave-dissipating pile (13) is a solid cylinder; several ballast stones (15) are placed inside the bottom protection reef base (11).

3. The ecological reef for protecting beach erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ratio of the large end diameter to the small end diameter of the through cavity (14) is 2:1 - 3:1; the small end diameter of the through cavity (14) is not less than 0.2 m, the height is not less than 1.5 m, and the ratio of the height to the small end diameter is greater than 5:1; The synaptic wave-dissipating pile (13) forms an angle of 30 - 45° with the ecological reef body (12); the number of synaptic wave-dissipating piles (13) on each ecological reef body (12) is 3 - 5; the axial length of the synaptic wave-dissipating pile (13) is 0.2 - 0.4 m, and the diameter is 0.1 - 0.15 m; The bottom protection reef base (11) is a cuboid, and the surface connected to the ecological reef body (12) is square; the thickness of the bottom protection reef base (11) is not less than 0.2 m, and the side length of the square is not less than 1 m.

4. The ecological reef for protecting shore beach erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom protection reef base (11), the ecological reef body (12) and the synaptic wave-dissipating pile (13) are integrally formed and are made of concrete with a dry apparent density ≥ 3000 kg / m3.

5. The ecological reef for protecting shore beach erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22) are hollow structures; a groove (24) is formed by inward depression at the middle position on the side of the first square reef (21); a convex block (25) adapted to the groove (24) is formed by outward protrusion at the middle position on the side of the second square reef (22); the groove (24) extends to the upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef (21).

6. The ecological reef for protecting beach erosion according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22) are both square with side lengths of 1 - 2 m, and the thicknesses of the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22) are both 0.3 - 0.5 m; when the groove (24) and the convex block (25) are projected onto the plane where the lower surface of the first square reef (21) is located, both the groove (24) and the convex block (25) are semi-circular, and the diameter of the inward depression of the groove (24) does not exceed 1 / 4 of the side length of the lower surface of the first square reef (21).

7. The ecological reef for protecting beach erosion according to claim 6, characterized in that, Strip-shaped holes (26) bordering the groove (24) or the convex block (25) are provided on the sides of the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22); There are two strip-shaped holes (26) on the same side of the first square reef (21) or the second square reef (22), and they are respectively located on the left and right sides of the groove (24) or on the left and right sides of the convex block (25); the length of the strip-shaped hole (26) does not exceed 2 / 3 of the side length of the first square reef (21) or the second square reef (22), and the width does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the first square reef (21) or the second square reef (22).

8. The ecological reef for preventing beach erosion according to claim 1, wherein The bottom surfaces of the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22) are the first wire mesh (27); a number of ballast stones (15) are arranged inside the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22), Through holes for the heads of the upright pipe columns (231) to pass through are provided on the first wire mesh (27) at the bottom surfaces of the first square reef (21) and the second square reef (22); a second wire mesh (233) is provided at the bottom of the upright pipe column (231), and the head and tail of the horizontal inline pipe (232) communicate with two adjacent upright pipe columns (231) respectively; the three upright pipe columns (231) are distributed in an equilateral triangle in the horizontal plane; The mesh aperture of the first wire mesh (27) is not greater than 0.03 m; the mesh aperture of the second wire mesh (233) is not greater than 0.02 m; The inner diameter of the horizontal inline pipe (232) is 0.03 - 0.05 m; the inner diameter of the upright pipe column (231) is 0.1 - 0.15 m; the axial length of the upright pipe column (231) is not less than 0.3 m.

9. An application method of an ecological reef for protecting beach erosion, based on the ecological reef for protecting beach erosion according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Including: The installation of the bottom protection ecological reef (1) and the installation of the beach protection ecological reef (2); The installation of the bottom protection ecological reef (1) includes: Level the underwater terrain of the intertidal zone and / or the subtidal zone, conduct the first network division in the preset wave-dissipating and bottom-protecting area, and install fixed piles adapted to the diameter of the connection port at the central point of each first grid; the depth of the fixed piles inserted below the tidal flat is at least 0.5 m; Insert the bottom protection ecological reef (1) into the fixed piles from top to bottom, and place the bottom protection reef base (11) on the leveled intertidal zone and / or subtidal zone; dump ballast stones on the surfaces of all the bottom protection reef bases (11); The installation of the beach protection ecological reef (2) includes: Level the terrain in the supratidal zone and conduct the second grid division, and each second grid is used to place the first square reef (21) or the second square reef (22); Add sandy soil matrix to each of the three-cluster connected ecological columns (23) in sequence, and pre-bury salt marsh plant species growing in the seadike tidal flat environment or plant seedlings of salt marsh vegetation in the matrix; Insert the three-cluster connected ecological columns (23) inserted into the first reef (21) and the three-cluster connected ecological columns (23) inserted into the second reef (22) into the second grid alternately; Insert the first reef (21) and the second reef (22) into the corresponding three-cluster connected ecological columns (23) in the second grid alternately. During the insertion process, engage the grooves (24) and bumps (25) of the first reef (21) and the second reef (22) to achieve the splicing of the first reef (21) and the second reef (22).

10. The application method of the ecological reef for protecting beach erosion according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the first network division carried out in the preset wave-dissipating and bottom-protecting area, the size of each first grid is the same as the horizontal projection size of the bottom-protecting reef base (11). The first grid includes at least two strips, and the spacing between the two strips is less than 0.2 m; The top of the fixed pile is flush with the top surface of the ecological reef body (12).

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