Sand washing and float discharging combined gate structure and intelligent control operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, in particular to a sand washing and float discharging combined gate structure and an intelligent control operation method.The structure is divided into a water retaining gate and a flow guide channel, the water retaining gate comprises a main gate device for completely intercepting a dam crest, and a lower gate mechanism for adjusting the water flow is arranged at the lower end of the main gate device; an upper gate mechanism for collecting floating objects is arranged at the upper end of the main gate device, the flow guide channel comprises a floating object collecting channel and a sand washing acceleration channel, the floating object collecting channel is adjacently connected with the upper gate mechanism, the upper gate mechanism is used for releasing the floating objects on the water surface of the river channel into the floating object collecting channel, and the sand washing acceleration channel is adjacently connected with the lower gate mechanism. The lower gate mechanism is used for releasing sand and sludge on the bottom face of the river channel into the sand washing acceleration channel. According to the technology, multiple effects of accurate interception, efficient sand washing and intelligent cooperation are achieved, the comprehensive efficiency of river regulation is improved, and the operation cost and the environmental influence are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and particularly relates to a sand flushing and drift discharging combined gate structure and an intelligent control operation method thereof. Background Technique

[0002] The sediment carried by the water flow gradually deposits in the reservoir or river channel, which will lead to the reduction of reservoir capacity, the elevation of the riverbed, and even affect the opening and closing of the gate and flood control safety. Sand flushing breaks the sediment deposition balance through artificial intervention, discharges high-turbidity sediment, and ensures water supply safety. It has the functions of sediment reduction and reservoir protection, and flood control coordination. Sand flushing forms a high-speed water flow (flow velocity can reach 5-8 m / s) through structures such as bottom holes and sand discharge holes, flushing the deposited sediment to the downstream. Sand flushing during the flood season can reduce the water level in front of the dam and increase the flood control reservoir capacity.

[0003] Common types of sand flushing structures are: 1. Bottom hole sand flushing: Special sand discharge holes (usually with a hole diameter of 2-5 meters) are set at the bottom of the dam body, and the siphon effect is formed by the water level difference to discharge sand. For example, in the Qianjiang Weir Dam project, 3 sand flushing gates with a width of 6 meters on each of the left and right banks quickly discharge bed load sediment during the flood season. 2. Overflow sand flushing: By combining the overflow dam section and the sand flushing gate, the high-speed water flow on the overflow surface is used to assist in sand flushing. The design of the arc-shaped overflow dam can form a transverse circulation through the centrifugal force of the bend, automatically scouring the sediment in front of the dam.

[0004] With the progress of technology, more dam sand flushing structures have now emerged. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN106702968B discloses "An arc-shaped overflow dam capable of automatically flushing sand and reducing sediment and its operation method". The dam body is an arc-shaped reinforced concrete structure; the flow discharge and sand discharge holes are arranged at one end of the dam body extending downstream; the gate grooves are arranged on the inner walls on both sides of the flow discharge and sand discharge holes. During the high water period, the steel gate is opened, and the transverse circulation formed by the arc-shaped dam body is used to automatically discharge and flush sand; during the low water period, the steel gate is closed to raise the water level for water storage. This design has a good sand flushing effect and can increase the water flow to quickly wash away the sand and gravel accumulated in the riverbed. However, it also takes away the garbage on the water surface during sand flushing, causing pressure on the downstream river channel for garbage floating. Either the garbage needs to be cleaned up in advance before sand flushing, and the workload has not been reduced, and the work of sand flushing and garbage cleaning cannot be completed simultaneously.

[0005] Another example is Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113550277B, which discloses "A water flow concentrating sand flushing method using a vertical bidirectional rotating gate". This invention can adjust the position and opening and closing angle of the gate according to the flow rate, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the flow cross-section, increasing the water flow velocity, disturbing the sediment on the riverbed, and making the water flow wash the sediment to the downstream along the predetermined path, realizing the purpose of water flow concentrating sand flushing and restoring the reservoir capacity. Similarly, this gate only solves the problem of sand flushing. In the face of the flood season, if the gate is fully opened for sand flushing, floating objects and other garbage will directly flow downstream.

[0006] Therefore, although the dam gates are relatively mature in terms of sediment flushing control at present, garbage cleaning and sediment flushing often cannot be handled simultaneously. For example, the rotary trash cleaner or the device disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN222313944U, "A Floating Debris Cleaning Device at the Water Inlet of a Water Conservancy and Hydropower Dam", has an independent working process from the sediment flushing process, and the trash cleaner cannot actively intercept the garbage floating up with the sediment flushing water flow. This separate design causes floating debris to easily block the gates during the flood season, and at the same time, the sediment flushing water flow may wash the garbage into the downstream. Generally speaking, when it is necessary to handle the bottom sand and gravel and the surface floating debris simultaneously at present, the integral gate is difficult to balance the sediment flushing flow rate and the garbage interception requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined sediment flushing and drift discharging gate structure and its intelligent control operation method. This technology breaks through the technical bottleneck of the traditional separation of sediment flushing and drift cleaning operations, and realizes multiple functions of "accurate interception, efficient sediment flushing, and intelligent coordination", which not only improves the comprehensive efficiency of river regulation, but also reduces the operation cost and environmental impact.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The combined sediment flushing and drift discharging gate structure on a multi-floating debris river. There is a dam weir opening on the dam. The bottom of the dam weir opening is provided with a sediment flushing channel. At the dam weir opening, there is a combined sediment flushing and drift discharging gate structure, which is divided into a water retaining gate and a diversion channel. The water retaining gate includes a main gate device that completely intercepts the dam weir opening. There is a power device on the dam to control the up and down movement of the main gate device. At the lower end of the main gate device, there is a lower gate mechanism for adjusting the water flow rate. At the upper end of the main gate device, there is an upper gate mechanism for collecting floating debris. The diversion channel includes a floating debris collection channel and a sediment flushing acceleration channel. The floating debris collection channel is adjacent to the upper gate mechanism, and the upper gate mechanism is used to release the floating debris on the river surface into the floating debris collection channel. The sediment flushing acceleration channel is adjacent to the lower gate mechanism, and the lower gate mechanism is used to release the sand, gravel and silt on the river bottom into the sediment flushing acceleration channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the plane axis of the dam is arranged in an arc shape along the river trend. The dam weir opening is set at the narrowest position of the dam riverbed, and multiple dam weir openings are arranged along the width direction of the dam. At each dam weir opening position, there is a combined sediment flushing and drift discharging gate structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower gate mechanism includes a lower gate body, a reciprocating motion mechanism, and a lower gate driver. The lower gate body is embedded at the sand flushing opening in a vertically sliding manner, and an accommodation cavity for accommodating the lower gate body is further provided inside the main gate device. The reciprocating motion mechanism is connected between the lower gate driver and the lower gate body and is used to drive the lower gate body to move up and down between the sand flushing opening and the accommodation cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the reciprocating motion mechanism mainly consists of a drive shaft, a worm gear, a worm, and a cam link. A sand flushing opening for embedding the lower gate body is provided at the lower end of the main gate device. The lower gate driver is installed at the top of the main gate device. The drive shaft is vertically installed inside the main gate device. The worm is movably sleeved on the drive shaft through a sliding key. Grooves are provided on the left and right vertical sides of the lower gate body, and the worm is embedded in the grooves. The worm meshes with the worm gear. One shaft end of the worm gear is provided with a bearing embedded in the groove, and the other shaft end of the worm gear is hinged to the cam link. The other end of the cam link is hinged to the main gate device.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper gate mechanism includes an upper gate driver, an upper gate body, and a lifter. A floating object opening for embedding the upper gate body is provided at the upper end of the main gate device. The upper gate body is embedded at the floating object opening in a vertically sliding manner. The upper gate driver is installed at the top of the main gate device. The lifter is installed on the main gate device on both sides of the floating object opening. The upper gate body is fixed to the lifter.

[0013] Furthermore, the floating object collection channel is designed inside the dam along the transverse direction of the dam and is downstream of the main gate device. A circulating moving transmission chain is provided inside the floating object collection channel. The horizontal height of the transmission chain is lower than the lowest position of the floating object opening. A floating object storage device is provided at the tail end of the transmission chain.

[0014] Furthermore, the sand flushing acceleration channel is designed downstream of the lower gate mechanism and is directly below the floating object collection channel. The sand flushing acceleration channel is integrally arranged on a slope surface. The sand flushing acceleration channel is divided into an inlet channel, a turning channel, and an outlet channel that are connected in sequence. The inlet channel is close to the lower gate body. The turning channel is arc-shaped. Both the inlet channel and the outlet channel are connected to the turning channel in an inclined cutting manner.

[0015] Furthermore, there are 2 or more inlet channels, which are arranged in a staggered manner in the longitudinal or transverse direction.

[0016] Operation method of the gate structure combining sand washing and drift discharging. According to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module, the lower gate mechanism is opened. After the lower gate driver is started, the reciprocating motion mechanism is used to move the lower gate body up and down, continuously changing the water flow velocity of the sand washing channel to drive the silt deposited on the river bed to be discharged to the downstream of the dam through the sand washing acceleration channel. According to the river surface floating object data collected by the data acquisition module, the upper gate mechanism is opened. After the upper gate driver is started, the lifter is used to lift the upper gate body to open the floating object opening, and the height difference between the floating object collection channel and the floating object opening is used to drive the floating objects on the river bed to the transmission chain. The transmission chain centrally collects the river surface floating objects into the floating object storage device. The upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism can be opened separately or simultaneously.

[0017] Further, opening the lower gate mechanism according to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module specifically includes: The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the thickness of the river sand and silt at the river bottom, and the detection data is transmitted to the control module for controlling the start of the lower gate mechanism. The control module receives the data and generates a control instruction, and the control instruction is used to control the opening and closing operation of the lower gate body. In addition, the flow velocity sensor is also used to detect the water flow velocity of the sand washing channel, and the flow velocity data is transmitted to the control module and a control instruction is generated, and the control instruction is used to adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body.

[0018] Further, opening the upper gate mechanism according to the river surface floating object data collected by the data acquisition module specifically includes: The water level sensor is used to detect the water level height of the river surface, the vision system is used to capture the river surface floating objects, and the floating object data and the river surface water level data are transmitted to the control module for controlling the start of the upper gate mechanism through the deep learning algorithm. The control module receives the data and generates a control instruction, and the control instruction is used to adjust the opening and closing operation of the upper gate body. At the same time, the opening and closing signal of the upper gate body is transmitted to the transmission chain, and the transmission chain starts and stops in real time, maintaining a synchronous operation mode with the upper gate body.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. The gate structure is divided into a water retaining gate and a diversion channel, changing the traditional independent mode of sand washing and drift cleaning operations. With the upper and lower layered gate design and independent diversion channels, the surface floating object interception and bottom sediment scouring work can be completed simultaneously, avoiding the situation that floating objects are carried into the downstream during sand washing, and reducing the workload of subsequent river channel cleaning. It solves the technical problem described in the background art of "taking away the water surface garbage during sand washing and causing pressure to the downstream", and can greatly improve the efficiency of river channel management during flood periods or daily maintenance.

[0020] 2. The multi-weir layout can disperse the water flow impact force. Combined with an independent sand flushing acceleration channel, it can flexibly adjust the sand flushing flow rate under different water level conditions. During the flood period, multiple weirs can flush sand simultaneously, and the sloping sand flushing channel can form an accelerating water flow to enhance the scouring ability of deep sediment. During the dry season, some weirs can be selectively opened to achieve the balance of low-flow sand flushing and water storage. Compared with the traditional single sand flushing hole structure, this solution has stronger adaptability and better sand flushing effect under different working conditions.

[0021] 3. The lower gate body realizes reciprocating up and down movement through the cooperation of worm and worm gear drive and cam link, which can accurately control the opening degree of the sand flushing port and the water flow speed, avoiding the water flow impact fluctuation caused by the opening and closing of a single gate. The upper gate body realizes stable lifting through a lifter. Combined with the transmission chain in the floating object collection channel, it can ensure that floating objects smoothly enter the collection channel and prevent blockage. This mechanical structure design not only improves the accuracy of gate control but also reduces the wear of the gate body in the non-operating state through the setting of the accommodation cavity, extending the service life of the equipment and solving the problem of "insufficient coordination between gate opening and closing and sand flushing" in the background technology.

[0022] 4. The sand flushing channel is located directly below the floating object collection channel, adopting a design of staggered arrangement of multiple inlet channels. Moreover, the sand flushing channel includes a forward-connected structure of an inlet channel, a swirling channel, and an outlet channel. The upper and lower stratified layout of the sand flushing channel and the floating object collection channel can avoid the interference of sediment on floating object collection during the sand flushing process. At the same time, the design of the swirling channel and the inclined cut inlet can guide the water flow to form a spiral movement, enhancing the entrainment and transportation ability of sediment and reducing sediment deposition in the channel. The staggered arrangement of multiple inlet channels can balance the sand flushing flow rate of each weir, avoiding scouring damage to the riverbed caused by too fast local water flow. Compared with the defect of "sand flushing water flow may wash garbage into the downstream" in the background technology, this solution realizes the diversion treatment of sediment and floating objects through an independent channel design, reducing the environmental pressure on the downstream river channel and meeting the requirements of ecological management of water conservancy projects.

[0023] 5. The coordinated operation of the data acquisition module and the control module can adjust the opening and closing of the gate and the operation speed according to real-time monitoring data. By detecting the thickness of river bottom silt with an ultrasonic sensor, the opening time and opening degree of the lower gate can be accurately judged. Using the water flow speed feedback of the sand flushing channel by the flow velocity sensor, the reciprocating movement speed of the lower gate body can be dynamically adjusted, thereby controlling the sand flushing flow velocity and improving the sand flushing efficiency. At the same time, the vision system combined with deep learning algorithms can identify floating objects in real time, control the opening and closing of the upper gate body and link the transmission chain to achieve precise interception and efficient collection of floating objects, solving the problems of "inability to actively intercept floating garbage floating on the sand flushing water flow" and "out-of-sync between the trash cleaner and sand flushing" in the background technology, making the operation more targeted and reducing the cost of manual intervention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a top - view structural schematic diagram of the whole dam; Figure 2 It is a side - view structural schematic diagram of the whole dam; Figure 3 It is a front - view sectional structural schematic diagram of the main sluice device; Figure 4 It is for Figure 3 the A - direction structural schematic diagram of Figure 5 It is the overall control flowchart of the operation method of the sand - flushing and drift - discharging combined gate structure.

[0025] Reference numerals: 1 main sluice device, 12 accommodation chamber, 2 power device, 3 floating - object collection channel, 30 transmission chain, 4 sand - flushing acceleration channel, 5 floating - object storage device, 10 lower gate mechanism, 101 lower gate body, 102 reciprocating motion mechanism, 102 - 1 drive shaft, 102 - 2 worm gear, 102 - 3 worm, 102 - 4 cam link, 103 lower gate driver, 11 upper gate mechanism, 110 upper gate driver, 111 upper gate body, 112 lifter. Specific embodiments

[0026] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 — Figure 5 shown, for the sand - flushing and drift - discharging combined gate structure on a multi - floating - object river course, a dam weir opening is provided on the dam, a sand - flushing flow channel is provided at the bottom of the dam weir opening, the plane axis of the dam is arranged in an arc shape along the river trend, and the radius is determined according to the river - course width, generally 1.5 - 2 times the river - course width, so as to utilize the centrifugal force of the bend flow to form a transverse circulation and assist in scouring the sediment in front of the dam. The dam weir opening is arranged at the narrowest position of the riverbed, usually in the river - course narrowing section, and 3 - 5 dam weir openings are arranged along the width direction of the dam, and the distance between adjacent weir openings is 8 - 12 meters, so as to disperse the water - flow impact force and achieve multi - channel sand - flushing.

[0028] At the position of each dam weir opening, a sand - flushing and drift - discharging combined gate structure is provided. The sand - flushing and drift - discharging combined gate structure includes a water - retaining gate. The water - retaining gate includes a main sluice device 1 that completely intercepts the dam weir opening. A power device 2 for controlling the up - and - down movement of the main sluice device is provided on the dam. The main sluice device 1 adopts a steel - structure framework, the surface is coated with an anti - corrosion coating, the size matches the dam weir opening, its height exceeds the top of the dam weir opening by 1 - 1.5 meters, and the width covers the entire dam weir opening. The power device is installed above the dam top surface to facilitate lifting the entire main sluice device. The power device adopts a hydraulic hoist and is connected to the top of the main sluice device through an oil cylinder. The hydraulic system can be equipped with a backup power supply to ensure that the gate can be manually operated in case of power failure.

[0029] A lower gate mechanism 10 for adjusting the water flow velocity is provided at the lower end of the main gate device 1, and an upper gate mechanism 11 for collecting floating objects is provided at the upper end of the main gate device 1.

[0030] The lower gate mechanism 10 includes a lower gate body 101, a reciprocating motion mechanism 102, and a lower gate driver 103. The lower gate body 101 is embedded at the sand flushing port position in a vertically sliding manner. The lower gate body 101 adopts a rectangular steel plate structure, and a blade edge (with an angle of 45°) is provided at the bottom to facilitate cutting the sediment accumulation layer.

[0031] An accommodation cavity 12 for accommodating the lower gate body is further provided inside the main gate device 1. The accommodation cavity 12 is located inside the lower part of the main gate device, with a size 100 - 150 mm larger than that of the lower gate body. A buffer rubber pad is provided on the cavity wall to reduce the impact when the gate body starts and stops.

[0032] The reciprocating motion mechanism 102 is connected between the lower gate driver 103 and the lower gate body 101, and is used to drive the lower gate body 101 to move up and down between the sand flushing port and the accommodation cavity, set the up and down sliding speed of the lower gate body 101, and continuously reciprocate to form a high-speed water flow. The high-speed water flow is used to scour the silt on the riverbed, so that the silt is discharged through the sand flushing acceleration channel. Compared with the static sand flushing gate, it can carry away the silt deeper. For the original gate, only when it is opened, the water flow is larger, and the effect is not obvious after carrying away a layer of river sand on the riverbed. Therefore, the movable lower gate body has a better effect.

[0033] The reciprocating motion can be realized by many structures. In this embodiment, a worm and worm gear structure that reduces the speed and converts rotation into linear translation is used to realize it. The reciprocating motion mechanism 102 is mainly composed of a driving shaft 102-1, a worm wheel 102-2, a worm 102-3, and a cam link 102-4. The driving shaft is placed in the internal chamber of the main gate device. The worm 102-3 is movably sleeved on the driving shaft 102-1 through a sliding key. Grooves are provided on the left and right vertical sides of the lower gate body 101, and the worm 102-3 is embedded in the grooves. The worm 102-3 meshes with the worm wheel 102-2, and the transmission ratio is 1:10 - 1:15. One shaft end of the worm wheel is connected to a bearing embedded in the groove, and the other shaft end of the worm wheel is hinged to the cam link 102-4. The other end of the cam link 102-4 is hinged to the main gate device 1. When the driving shaft rotates, the worm moves up and down driven by the rotating shaft. When moving, because it meshes with the worm wheel, and the worm wheel is restricted by the cam link, the worm reciprocates within a limited position, driving the lower gate body 101 to slide up and down, with a stroke of 0.5 - 1 m.

[0034] The upper gate mechanism 11 includes an upper gate driver 110, an upper gate body 111, and a lifter 112. At the upper end of the main gate device 1, there is a floating object inlet for the upper gate body to be inserted. The width of the floating object inlet is the same as that of the upper gate body. A guide plate (the inclination angle can be 30°) is provided at the inlet to guide the floating objects into the collection channel. The upper gate body is made of a stainless steel grid structure or a stainless steel solid structure and is inserted at the position of the floating object inlet in a vertical sliding manner. A rubber sealing strip is provided at the bottom to ensure sealing when closed. The upper gate driver 110 is installed on the top of the main gate device, and the lifter 112 is installed on the main gate device on both sides of the floating object inlet. The upper gate body 111 is fixed on the lifter 112. The lifter 112 can adopt a screw jack or a chain to achieve lifting and is arranged on both sides of the floating object inlet. The upper gate mechanism is generally used during the high water period. Affected by the water storage capacity of the dam, generally a large amount of floating objects will be carried to the river channel upstream during the high water period. When the water level rises to the height of the upper gate body, the upper gate mechanism can be opened to collect the floating objects.

[0035] It should be noted that the upper gate driver and the lower gate driver are arranged in a sealed electrical box on the top of the main gate device to take waterproof measures. A closable accommodating chamber should also be provided for the reciprocating mechanism below the main gate device to do a good job in sealing facilities. Generally, the reciprocating mechanism faces the downstream side of the main gate device, and it can be overhauled and maintained after intercepting the water flow during the dry water period.

[0036] The flushing and floating object discharging combined gate structure further includes a diversion channel, and the diversion channel includes a floating object collection channel 3 and a flushing acceleration channel 4. The floating object collection channel 3 is adjacent to the upper gate mechanism 11, and the upper gate mechanism 11 is used to release the floating objects on the river surface into the floating object collection channel 3. The flushing acceleration channel 4 is adjacent to the lower gate mechanism 10, and the lower gate mechanism 10 is used to release the sand, gravel, and silt on the river bottom into the flushing acceleration channel 4.

[0037] The floating object collection channel 3 is designed in the dam along the transverse direction of the dam, downstream of the main gate device 1, and is cast with reinforced concrete with a smooth inner wall. The channel inlet is docked with the floating object inlet, and the outlet is connected to the floating object storage device. A circulating moving transmission chain 30 (such as a stainless steel chain plate conveyor) is provided in the floating object collection channel 3. The horizontal height of the transmission chain 30 is lower than the lowest position of the floating object inlet, and the height difference is 0.3 meters - 0.5 meters to ensure that the floating objects slide down by gravity onto the chain plate. A floating object storage device is provided at the tail end of the transmission chain. Garbage disposal pits can be set on both sides of the riverbed. After the floating objects are collected in the pits, they are centrally cleaned by large machinery to prevent them from continuing to move downstream. The floating object storage device can also be a steel storage bin, which is set on the downstream bank of the dam, and a compaction mechanism is equipped in the bin and regularly transported by a garbage truck.

[0038] The sand flushing acceleration channel 4 is designed downstream of the lower gate mechanism 10 and directly below the floating debris collection channel 3. The sand flushing acceleration channel 4 is integrally arranged on a slope surface. The sand flushing acceleration channel 4 is divided into an inlet channel, a turning channel, and an outlet channel that are connected in sequence. The inlet channel is close to the lower gate body. The turning channel is an arc or a semi-circular bend, and is cast with wear-resistant concrete, and the inner wall is provided with guide ribs. Both the inlet channel and the outlet channel are connected to the turning channel in an inclined cutting manner to guide the water flow to form a spiral flow.

[0039] In this embodiment, there are 2 inlet channels. The two inlet channels are obliquely cut into the turning channel. The water flow carries the river sand and accelerates downstream in the turning channel. The inlet channels can also be designed as multiple ones, and multiple inlet channels can be arranged in a staggered manner in the longitudinal or transverse direction, like a honeycomb shape, with multiple ones arranged on one vertical surface. In this way, when the water flow enters the return channel from different inlet channels, it continuously scours each other to form a larger spiral flow. Coupled with the gravitational acceleration of the slope, it can ensure a better sand flushing effect. In addition, the transmission chain only intercepts floating debris and does not store water. The water entering the floating debris collection channel also flows downward to scour the river sand and silt in the sand flushing acceleration channel.

[0040] The operation method of the gate structure combining sand flushing and floating debris drainage. According to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module, the lower gate mechanism 10 is opened. After the lower gate driver 103 is started, the reciprocating motion mechanism 102 is used to drive the lower gate body 101 to move up and down, continuously changing the water flow speed of the sand flushing channel to drive the silt accumulated on the river bed to be discharged to the downstream of the dam through the sand flushing acceleration channel 4. According to the river surface floating debris data collected by the data acquisition module, the upper gate mechanism 11 is opened. After the upper gate driver 110 is started, the elevator 112 is used to drive the upper gate body 111 to rise to open the floating debris opening, and the height difference between the floating debris collection channel 3 and the floating debris opening is used to drive the floating debris on the river bed onto the transmission chain 30. The transmission chain 30 centrally collects the river surface floating debris into the floating debris storage device 5. The upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism can be opened separately or simultaneously.

[0041] Specifically, ultrasonic sensors are installed at the bottom of the main gate device, one every 2 meters, for detecting the thickness of the river bottom silt, with an accuracy of ±5 mm. Flow velocity sensors are installed in the sand flushing channel, and Doppler flow meters can be used, with a measurement range of 0 - 10 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.1 m / s. Water level sensors are installed on the upstream bank of the dam, using radar water level gauges, with a measurement range of 0 - 10 meters and an accuracy of ±10 mm. A vision system is installed on the top of the main gate device, equipped with LED fill lights, and the vision system is connected to cloud computing. All sensors are connected to the control module, and the control module uses a PLC control system to receive sensor data and generate control instructions.

[0042] The control instructions are respectively sent to the upper gate mechanism 11 and the lower gate mechanism 10. When sent to the lower gate mechanism 10, the thickness of the river sand and silt at the river bottom is detected by an ultrasonic sensor, and the detection data is transmitted to the control module used to control the start of the lower gate mechanism 10. The control module receives the data and generates control instructions. The control instructions are used to control the opening and closing operations of the lower gate body 101; that is, when the silt thickness exceeds the set threshold, the lower gate mechanism is started, the rotation speed of the lower gate driver is adjusted according to the flow rate data, and the reciprocating frequency of the lower gate body 101 is controlled.

[0043] In addition, a flow velocity sensor is used to detect the water flow velocity in the sand flushing channel, and the flow velocity data is transmitted to the control module to generate a control instruction, which is used to adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body 101. The flow velocity sensor feeds back the flow velocity in the sand flushing channel in real time, and the PLC controller automatically adjusts the movement frequency of the lower gate body to ensure the stability of the water flow velocity in the sand flushing channel, so as to carry away a larger volume of river sand and silt at the optimal flow velocity.

[0044] When the control command is sent to the upper gate mechanism 11, the water level sensor is used to detect the water level of the river surface, and the visual system is used to capture floating objects on the river surface and transmit them to cloud computing. The deep learning algorithm (existing model, transmitting multiple groups of pictures for calculation and comparison) is used to identify floating objects in real time and transmit the floating object data and river surface water level data to the control module used to control the start of the upper gate mechanism 11. The control module receives the data and generates control commands. The control commands are used to adjust the opening and closing operations of the upper gate body 111. At the same time, the opening and closing signals of the upper gate body 111 are transmitted to the transmission chain 30. The transmission chain 30 starts and stops in real time to maintain a synchronous operation mode with the upper gate body 111. That is, when the visual system detects that the density of floating objects exceeds the set value (such as 10 / m2), the upper gate mechanism 11 is started, and the upper gate driver is adjusted according to the water level data to control the opening height of the upper gate body (0.3-1 meter). When the upper gate body 111 is opened, the transmission chain 30 is also opened. By utilizing the height difference (0.3-0.5 meter) between the floating object opening and the transmission chain 30, the floating objects enter the floating object collection channel 3 with the water flow and are transported to the floating object storage device 5 by the transmission chain 30. The transmission chain 30 is linked with the upper gate body 111. The transmission chain starts when the upper gate body 111 is opened, and is suspended when the gate is closed to avoid idling energy consumption.

[0045] The operation method is to modify the PLC program during the flood season and the dry season. During the flood season: open the upper and lower gate mechanisms at the same time, flush sand and float out of multiple weirs synchronously, use the slope flow channel to accelerate the water flow, and quickly remove silt and floating objects.

[0046] During the dry season: close some dam weirs and only open 1-2 gates. By adjusting the opening of the lower gate body, low-flow sand flushing can be achieved while retaining the water storage function.

[0047] During the period of opening the sluice to release water, the main sluice device 1 can be fully opened, the upper gate mechanism 11 and the lower gate mechanism 10 can be closed, the main sluice device 1 rises, all the dam weirs are opened, and water is released. After the main sluice device 1 rises completely, the upper and lower gate mechanisms can be overhauled and maintained. When the main sluice device 1 and the upper and lower gate mechanisms are closed, the sand flushing acceleration channel 4 and the floating object collection channel 3 can be cleaned and maintained.

[0048] The above has introduced in detail a sand flushing and floating object discharging combined gate structure and its intelligent control operation method provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging. There is a dam weir opening on the dam, a sand flushing channel is provided at the bottom of the dam weir opening, and a gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging is provided at the dam weir opening, characterized in that, The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging is divided into a water retaining gate and a diversion channel. The water retaining gate includes a main gate device (1) that completely intercepts the dam weir opening. A power device (2) for controlling the up and down movement of the main gate device (1) is provided on the dam. A lower gate mechanism (10) for regulating the water flow rate is provided at the lower end of the main gate device (1). An upper gate mechanism (11) for collecting floating objects is provided at the upper end of the main gate device (1). The diversion channel includes a floating object collection channel (3) and a sand flushing acceleration channel (4). The floating object collection channel (3) is adjacent to the upper gate mechanism (11). The upper gate mechanism (11) is used to release the floating objects on the river surface into the floating object collection channel (3). The sand flushing acceleration channel (4) is adjacent to the lower gate mechanism (10). The lower gate mechanism (10) is used to release the sand, gravel, and silt on the river bottom into the sand flushing acceleration channel (4).

2. The sand flushing and drift discharging combined gate structure according to claim 1, wherein: The plane axis of the dam is arranged in an arc following the river trend. The dam weir opening is set at the narrowest position of the dam riverbed, and multiple dam weir openings are arranged along the width direction of the dam. The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging is provided at each dam weir opening position.

3. The sand flushing and floating discharging combined gate structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower gate mechanism (10) includes a lower gate body (101), a reciprocating motion mechanism (102), and a lower gate driver (103). A sand flushing port for embedding the lower gate body (101) is provided at the lower end of the main gate device (1). The lower gate driver (103) is installed on the top of the main gate device (1). The lower gate body (101) is embedded at the sand flushing port in a way of sliding up and down. And an accommodation cavity for accommodating the lower gate body (101) is also provided inside the main gate device (1). The reciprocating motion mechanism (102) is connected between the lower gate driver (103) and the lower gate body (101) and is used to drive the lower gate body (101) to move back and forth between the sand flushing port and the accommodation cavity. The upper gate mechanism (11) includes an upper gate driver (110), an upper gate body (111), and a lifter (112). A floating object port for embedding the upper gate body (111) is provided at the upper end of the main gate device. The upper gate body (111) is embedded at the floating object port in a way of sliding up and down. The upper gate driver (110) is installed on the top of the main gate device (1). The lifter (112) is installed on the main gate device (1) on both sides of the floating object port. The upper gate body (111) is fixed on the lifter (112).

4. The sand flushing and drift discharging combined gate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reciprocating motion mechanism (102) is mainly composed of a drive shaft (102-1), a worm gear (102-2), a worm (102-3), and a cam link (102-4). The drive shaft (102-1) is vertically installed inside the main gate device (1). The worm (102-3) is movably sleeved on the drive shaft (102-1) through a sliding key. Grooves are provided on the left and right vertical sides of the lower gate body (101), and the worm is embedded in the grooves and meshed with the worm gear. One shaft end of the worm gear (102-2) is connected to a bearing embedded in the groove, and the other shaft end of the worm gear is hinged to the cam link (102-4). The other end of the cam link (102-4) is hinged to the main gate device (1).

5. The sluice structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging according to claim 3, wherein: The floating object collection channel (3) is designed in the dam along the transverse direction of the dam, downstream of the main gate device (1). A circulating and moving transmission chain (30) is provided in the floating object collection channel (3). The horizontal height of the transmission chain (30) is lower than the lowest position of the floating object opening. A floating object storage device (5) is provided at the tail end of the transmission chain (30).

6. The gate structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sand flushing and acceleration channel (4) is designed downstream of the lower gate mechanism (10) and directly below the floating object collection channel (3). The sand flushing and acceleration channel (4) is integrally arranged on a slope surface. The sand flushing and acceleration channel (4) is divided into an inlet channel, a turning channel, and an outlet channel that are connected in sequence. The inlet channel is close to the lower gate body (101). The turning channel is arc-shaped. Both the inlet channel and the outlet channel are connected to the turning channel in an inclined cutting manner.

7. A sand flushing and drift discharging combined gate structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are at least 2 inlet channels, arranged in a staggered manner in the longitudinal or transverse direction.

8. An intelligent control operation method for a sluice structure combining sand flushing and drift discharging according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that, According to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module, the lower gate mechanism (10) is opened. After the lower gate driver (103) is started, the reciprocating motion mechanism (102) is used to drive the lower gate body (101) to move up and down, continuously changing the water flow velocity of the sand flushing channel to drive the silt on the river bed to be discharged downstream of the dam through the sand flushing and acceleration channel (4). According to the river surface floating object data collected by the data acquisition module, the upper gate mechanism (11) is opened. After the upper gate driver (110) is started, the elevator (112) is used to drive the upper gate body (111) to rise to open the floating object opening. The height difference between the floating object collection channel (3) and the floating object opening is used to drive the floating objects on the river bed onto the transmission chain (30). The transmission chain (30) centrally collects the river surface floating objects into the floating object storage device (5). The upper gate mechanism (11) and the lower gate mechanism (10) can be opened separately or simultaneously.

9. The intelligent control operation method of a sand flushing and drift discharging combined gate structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: Opening the lower gate mechanism (10) according to the river sand and silt accumulation data collected by the data acquisition module specifically includes: Using an ultrasonic sensor to detect the thickness of the river sand and silt at the river bottom, and transmitting the detection data to the control module for controlling the start of the lower gate mechanism (10). The control module receives the data and generates a control instruction, and the control instruction is used to control the opening and closing operation of the lower gate body (101). In addition, a flow velocity sensor is also used to detect the water flow velocity of the sand flushing channel, and the flow velocity data is transmitted to the control module and a control instruction is generated. The control instruction is used to adjust the reciprocating speed of the lower gate body (101).

10. The intelligent control operation method of a sand flushing and floating discharge combined gate structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: Opening the upper gate mechanism (11) according to the river surface floating object data collected by the data acquisition module specifically includes: Using a water level sensor to detect the river surface water level height, using a vision system to capture the river surface floating objects, and real-time identifying the floating objects through a deep learning algorithm and transmitting the floating object data and the river surface water level data to the control module for controlling the start of the upper gate mechanism (11). The control module receives the data and generates a control instruction, and the control instruction is used to adjust the opening and closing operation of the upper gate body (111). At the same time, the opening and closing signal of the upper gate body is transmitted to the transmission chain (30), and the transmission chain (30) starts and stops in real time, maintaining a synchronous operation mode with the upper gate body (111).

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