Degradable fabricated slope protection structure capable of preventing water and soil loss and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a degradable fabricated slope protection structure capable of preventing water and soil loss and a construction method thereof. The slope protection structure comprises a prefabricated protection device, anchor rods, a prefabricated lattice, an assembly type surface layer, a water interception / drainage ditch and slope protection vegetation. A cross-shaped prefabricated lattice is arranged in the prefabricated protection device, and an assembly type surface layer is laid on the bottom surface; the prefabricated protection device is fixedly connected with the slope body through an anchor rod; the intercepting ditch is arranged at the slope top outside the sliding surface of the side slope; the drainage ditch is arranged at the slope bottom of the slope sliding surface; and slope protection vegetation is planted in the assembly type surface layer. The assembly type surface layer is sequentially provided with a degradable reinforced surface layer, a degradable polymer surface layer, a degradable drainage layer and a degradable microparticle protection layer from top to bottom, and the four layers are connected in a nylon rope sewing mode. According to the structure, degradable materials, an assembly type structure and an ecological restoration technology are innovatively combined, and the technical problems that traditional slope protection pollutes the environment, the construction efficiency is low, and ecological restoration is slow are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of slope protection engineering and prevention of soil and water loss engineering construction, and specifically to a degradable prefabricated slope protection structure for preventing soil and water loss and its construction method. Background Art

[0002] Soil and water loss refers to the phenomenon that due to the influence of natural or human factors, rainwater cannot be absorbed locally, flows downstream along the slope, and scours the soil, resulting in the simultaneous loss of water and soil. In order to avoid soil and water loss on the slope, the soil on the slope is fixed.

[0003] Traditional slope protection structures have the following technical defects: a large amount of non-degradable materials such as concrete are used, causing environmental pollution and ecological damage; the construction period is long, there is a lot of on-site wet work, and the construction efficiency is low; there is a lack of an effective drainage system, and slope instability is likely to occur due to water accumulation; the ecological restoration function is weak, and the vegetation survival rate is low.

[0004] The existing technology CN216615913U "A prefabricated slope protection structure" although proposes a prefabricated structure and focuses on rapid construction, it does not solve the problem of material environmental protection.

[0005] CN220978064U "A prefabricated slope protection" although involves convenient assembly and improved slope stability, it relies on surface runoff and is prone to water accumulation.

[0006] CN115769746A "A prefabricated degradable slope greening structure and its construction method" involves vegetation planting and focuses on nutrient slow release.

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a new type, efficient, and environmentally friendly prefabricated slope protection structure for preventing soil and water loss. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of long construction period and high safety hazards of traditional slope protection during the process of ensuring the prevention of soil and water loss, and at the same time play a role in green environmental protection for the slope protection structure.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A degradable prefabricated slope protection structure for preventing soil and water loss of the present invention includes a prefabricated protection device, anchor bolts, prefabricated lattice girders, a prefabricated surface layer, a catchment / drainage ditch, and slope protection vegetation; The prefabricated protection device is a frame structure, inside which a cross-shaped prefabricated lattice girder is arranged, and a prefabricated surface layer is laid under it; Anchor bolt holes are provided at the nodes of the prefabricated lattice girders; The prefabricated protection device is fixedly connected to the slope body through anchor bolts; The intercepting ditch is arranged at the top of the slope outside the slope sliding surface; The drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the slope sliding surface; The slope protection vegetation is planted within the assembled surface layer.

[0010] Further, the assembled surface layer is successively provided with a degradable reinforced surface layer, a degradable polymer surface layer, a degradable drainage layer and a degradable microparticle protection layer from top to bottom, and the four layers are stitched and connected.

[0011] Further, the assembled surface layers overlap each other by 200 - 300 mm, and the overlapping part is fixed with U-shaped nails, and the U-shaped nails have an anchoring length of at least 40 cm.

[0012] Further, the structure of the degradable reinforced surface layer is a degradable reinforced network structure constructed by organic or inorganic composite materials, aiming to provide structural support; The material of the degradable polymer surface layer is a polymer fiber fabric material; The degradable drainage layer is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material and made into various forms of drainage elements, including but not limited to siphon drainage boards, storage and drainage boards, water filter boards, water storage boards and ordinary drainage boards to meet diverse drainage and water storage requirements; The material of the degradable microparticle protection layer is a polymer fiber material.

[0013] Further, one side of the prefabricated protection device is fixedly connected with spacers at intervals, and the spacers of the relatively assembled prefabricated protection devices are arranged in a vertically offset manner. The offset arrangement of the spacers is to facilitate the staff to climb onto the slope for maintenance, which is equivalent to the function of a staircase.

[0014] Further, a 1 - 3 cm gap is provided between the prefabricated lattice girders, and the gap is filled with asphalt hemp ropes or asphalt wood boards.

[0015] Further, a side drainage ditch is provided on the side of the slope body.

[0016] Further, waterproof coiled materials are laid on the surfaces of the intercepting ditch, the bottom drainage ditch and the side drainage ditch.

[0017] Further, a depth of 20 - 25 cm is reserved at the bottom of the intercepting ditch, the bottom drainage ditch and the side drainage ditch for laying the assembled surface layer, and a filter net is fixedly connected above the drainage ditches.

[0018] Further, the slope protection vegetation is selected as vegetation grass seeds that adapt to the local climate conditions, have developed root systems to enhance soil stability, have strong stress resistance, and are suitable for large-scale artificial planting.

[0019] Construction method of an assembled slope protection structure made of degradable materials for preventing soil erosion, comprising the following steps: (1) Thoroughly level the slope surface, completely remove surface stones, weeds or sundries, etc., to ensure that the slope surface reaches a flat and clean state; (2) According to the construction drawings and design requirements, accurately measure and set out the slope, and pre-excavate a foundation trench on the slope according to the size of the prefabricated protection device designed to match the slope; (3) Set anchor bolts: Measure and set out for drilling, clean the holes, inspect the anchor bolt holes, install the anchor bolts, and fully grout with cement mortar. The anchor bolts are arranged corresponding to the node positions of the prefabricated protection device, and the inclination angle is 15° - 35°; (4) Manually roll and lay the assembled surface layer, with the surface being flat, so that the assembled surface layer closely adheres to the soil surface, the foundation trench wall and the foundation trench bottom, and appropriately leave a deformation allowance. The installation of the assembled surface layer adopts the method of nylon rope stitching. The assembled surface layers overlap each other by 200 - 300 mm, and U-shaped nails are used for fixing at the overlapping part. The U-shaped nails have an anchoring length of at least 40 cm; (5) Excavate a catchment ditch at the top of the slope outside the slope sliding surface, and excavate drainage ditches on the side and bottom of the slope protection. When excavating the catchment ditch, the side drainage ditch and the bottom drainage ditch, a depth of 20 - 25 cm is reserved at the bottom for the assembled surface layer, and backfill soil is filled and compacted; the catchment ditch / drainage ditch is made according to the design depth at the upper part. Waterproof coiled materials are laid on the surface of the catchment ditch / drainage ditch, and a filter mesh is fixedly connected above the catchment ditch / drainage ditch; (6) Lift and install the prefabricated protection device and the prefabricated lattice into the foundation trench, adjust the position and make the exposed part of the anchor bolt pass through the anchor bolt holes at the centers of the prefabricated protection device and the prefabricated lattice in sequence, and then fill the anchor bolt holes with the same type of concrete as the prefabricated protection device and the prefabricated lattice. A gap of 1 - 3 cm is provided between the prefabricated lattices, and the gap is filled with asphalt hemp cord or asphalt wood board; (7) Cover and backfill the slope surface, fill the excess gaps in the foundation trench, and make the surface of the prefabricated protection device flush with the soil. The backfill soil provides a basic growth condition for the slope protection vegetation seeds. Select vegetation grass seeds suitable for the local climate, with developed roots, good stress resistance and capable of batch artificial planting, and use the method of manual sowing or spraying to sow the seeds. Fertilizer is added during the period to improve the seed germination rate. After the sowing construction is completed, regular maintenance is required until the vegetation takes shape.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Through the integration of assembled design, application of degradable materials and ecological restoration function, the present invention proposes a new, efficient and environmentally friendly assembled slope protection structure for preventing soil erosion.

[0021] The prefabricated members of the present invention are prefabricated and produced in a prefabrication yard through an assembly line. The prefabrication construction features high automation and mechanization levels, as well as advantages such as fast prefabrication speed and stable quality control.

[0022] The design of the cruciform prefabricated lattice in the present invention can achieve rapid drainage of rainwater, prevent water accumulation inside the lattice, avoid an increase in the self-weight of the slope and a reduction in stability, and at the same time reduce the erosion of the surface soil layer by rainwater. Vegetation has a strong function of soil and water conservation. The upper stems and leaves of plants can effectively reduce the splashing effect of raindrops and slow down the erosion of the soil surface by surface runoff. The roots of vegetation can increase the soil porosity and improve the overall strength of the soil. The litter layer formed after the withering of vegetation can conserve water, intercept water, inhibit soil water evaporation, and effectively prevent soil erosion.

[0023] 5. The construction technology of the slope protection device of the present invention is simple, with high construction efficiency and low construction cost; there is no wet operation such as traditional slope shotcreting. The assembled degradable surface layer can degrade by itself, is green and environmentally friendly, and prevents pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the assembled slope protection structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the prefabricated protection device structure in Figure 3 is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the prefabricated lattice structure in Figure 4 is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the connection of the prefabricated lattices in Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembled surface layer of the slope protection structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is Figure 5 the schematic diagram of the lap decomposition of the assembled surface layer in

[0025] The markings in the figure are: prefabricated protection device 1, catch ditch 2, prefabricated lattice 3, side drainage ditch 4, bottom drainage ditch 5, spacer 101, slope protection vegetation 103, anchor hole 301, asphalt hemp cord or asphalt wood board 302, assembled surface layer 6, degradable reinforced surface layer 604, degradable polymer surface layer 603, degradable drainage layer 602, and degradable microparticle protection layer 601. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following further illustrates the content of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, but does not limit the present invention.

[0027] A degradable and assembled slope protection structure for preventing soil erosion, referring to Figure 1-6, the slope protection structure includes precast protection device 1, anchor rods, cushion blocks 101, precast lattice 3, assembled surface layer 6, intercepting drain 2, side drain 4, bottom drain 5, filter mesh and slope protection vegetation 103.

[0028] The precast protection device 1 is of a frame structure, inside which there is a cross-shaped precast lattice 3, and an assembled surface layer 6 is laid on its bottom surface; Anchor rod holes 301 are provided at the nodes of the precast lattice 3; The precast protection device 1 is fixedly connected to the slope body through anchor rods; The intercepting drain 2 is arranged at the top of the slope outside the slope sliding surface; The bottom drain 5 is arranged at the bottom of the slope sliding surface; Side drains 4 are provided on the sides of the slope body; Filter meshes are fixedly connected above the intercepting drain 3, the bottom drain 5 at the slope bottom and the side drains 4; The slope protection vegetation 103 is planted in the assembled surface layer 6.

[0029] One side surface of the precast protection device 1 is fixedly connected with cushion blocks 101 at intervals, and the cushion blocks 101 of the relatively assembled precast protection devices 1 are arranged in a vertically offset manner. The offset arrangement of the cushion blocks 101 is to facilitate the staff to climb onto the slope for maintenance, which is equivalent to the function of a staircase.

[0030] A 3-cm gap is provided between the precast lattices 3, and the gap is filled with asphalt hemp cord or asphalt wood board 302.

[0031] The assembled surface layer 6 is successively provided with a degradable reinforced surface layer 604, a degradable polymer surface layer 603, a degradable drainage layer 602 and a degradable microparticle protection layer 601 from top to bottom, and the four layers are stitched and connected by nylon ropes.

[0032] The structure of the degradable reinforced surface layer 604 is a degradable reinforced network structure constructed by organic or inorganic composite materials, aiming to provide structural support; The material of the degradable polymer surface layer 603 is a polymer fiber fabric material; The degradable drainage layer 602 uses polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material to make various forms of drainage elements, including but not limited to siphon drainage boards, water storage and drainage boards, filter water boards, water storage boards and ordinary drainage boards to meet diverse drainage and water storage requirements; The material of the degradable microparticle protection layer 601 is a polymer fiber material.

[0033] The assembled surface layers 6 overlap each other by 200 - 300 mm, and the overlapping part is fixed by the U-shaped nails, and the U-shaped nails have an anchoring length of at least 40 cm.

[0034] The surface of the intercepting ditch 2, the side drainage ditch 4, and the bottom drainage ditch 5 is laid with waterproof coiled material.

[0035] The slope protection vegetation 103 selects vegetation grass seeds that are adapted to the local climate conditions, have developed root systems to enhance soil stability, have strong stress resistance, and are suitable for large-scale artificial planting.

[0036] A construction method of an assembled slope protection structure for preventing soil erosion and being degradable includes the following steps: (1) Conduct a comprehensive leveling treatment on the slope surface, thoroughly remove sundries such as stones and weeds on the surface, and ensure that the slope surface reaches a flat and clean state; (2) According to the construction drawings and design requirements, precisely measure and set out the slope, and pre-excavate a foundation trench on the slope according to the size of the prefabricated protection device 1 designed; (3) Set anchor bolts: conduct drilling measurement and setting out, hole cleaning, inspection of anchor bolt holes, install anchor bolts, and grout the entire length with cement mortar. The anchor bolts are arranged corresponding to the node positions of the prefabricated protection device, and the inclination angle is 15° - 35°; (4) The assembled surface layer 6 is manually rolled and laid, with the cloth surface being flat, so that the assembled surface layer 6 closely adheres to the soil surface, the foundation trench wall, and the foundation trench bottom. Appropriately leave a deformation allowance. The installation of the assembled surface layer 6 adopts the method of nylon rope stitching. The assembled surface layer 6 overlaps and laps 200 - 300 mm pairwise, and U-shaped fixing is used at the overlapping part. The U-shaped nails have an anchoring length of at least 40 cm; (5) Excavate the intercepting ditch 2 at the slope top outside the slope sliding surface, and excavate the side drainage ditch 4 and the bottom drainage ditch 5 at the outer edge of the slope protection. When excavating the intercepting ditch 2, the side drainage ditch 4, and the bottom drainage ditch 5, a depth of 20 - 25 cm is reserved at the bottom for laying the assembled surface layer 6, fill and compact the backfill soil; produce the intercepting ditch 2, the side drainage ditch 4, and the bottom drainage ditch 5 according to the design depth at the upper part. Waterproof coiled material is laid on the surfaces of the intercepting ditch 2, the side drainage ditch 4, and the bottom drainage ditch 5, and a filter net is fixedly connected above the intercepting ditch 2, the side drainage ditch 4, and the bottom drainage ditch 5; (6) Lift and install the prefabricated protection device 1 and the prefabricated lattice 3 into the foundation trench, adjust the positions, and make the exposed parts of the anchor bolts sequentially pass through the anchor bolt holes 301 at the centers of the prefabricated protection device 1 and the prefabricated lattice 3, and then fill the anchor bolt holes 301 with the same type of concrete as the prefabricated protection device 1 and the prefabricated lattice 3; a 3-cm gap is provided between the prefabricated lattices 3, and the gap is filled with asphalt hemp rope or asphalt wood board 302; (7) Backfill the soil on the slope surface to fill the excess voids in the foundation trench and make the surface of the prefabricated protection device 1 level with the soil body. The backfilled soil provides a basic growth condition for the seeds of the slope protection vegetation 103. Select vegetation grass seeds that are suitable for the local climate, have well-developed roots, good stress resistance, and can be planted manually in batches. Use the manual sowing or spraying method for sowing. During this period, add fertilizers to improve the seed germination rate. After the sowing construction is completed, regular maintenance is required until the vegetation takes shape.

[0037] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembled slope protection structure that is degradable and prevents soil erosion, characterized in that: The protection structure includes a precast protection device, anchor rods, precast lattice girders, an assembled surface layer, a catch ditch / drainage ditch, and slope protection vegetation; The precast protection device is of a frame structure, with a cross-shaped precast lattice girder arranged inside it, and an assembled surface layer laid on its bottom surface; Anchor rod holes are provided at the nodes of the precast lattice girders; The precast protection device is fixedly connected to the slope body through anchor rods; The catch ditch is arranged at the slope top outside the slope sliding surface; The drainage ditch is arranged at the slope bottom of the slope sliding surface; The slope protection vegetation is planted in the assembled surface layer; 2. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the assembled surface layer, a degradable reinforced surface layer, a degradable polymer surface layer, a degradable drainage layer, and a degradable microparticle protection layer are successively arranged from top to bottom, and the four layers are stitched and connected; 3. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The assembled surface layers overlap each other by 200 - 300 mm, and the overlapping part is fixed with U-shaped nails, and the U-shaped nails have an anchoring length of at least 40 cm; 4. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The structure of the degradable reinforced surface layer is a degradable reinforced network structure constructed by organic or inorganic composite materials; The material of the degradable polymer surface layer is a polymer fiber fabric material; The degradable drainage layer is made of polyvinyl chloride material and made into various forms of drainage elements, including but not limited to siphon drainage boards, water storage and drainage boards, filter water boards, water storage boards, and ordinary drainage boards; The material of the degradable microparticle protection layer is a polymer fiber material; 5. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side surface of the precast protection device is fixedly connected with spacers at intervals, and the spacers of the relatively assembled precast protection devices are arranged in a vertical offset manner; 6. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gap of 1 - 3 cm is arranged between the precast lattice girders, and the gap is filled with asphalt hemp cord or asphalt wood board; 7. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A side drainage ditch is arranged on the side of the slope body; 8. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The surfaces of the catch ditch, the slope bottom drainage ditch, and the side drainage ditch are all laid with waterproof coiled materials; 9. The prefabricated slope protection structure according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: A depth of 20 - 25 cm is reserved at the bottom of the catch ditch, the slope bottom drainage ditch, and the side drainage ditch for laying the assembled surface layer, and a filter mesh is fixedly connected above the drainage ditches; 10. A construction method of the assembled slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Conduct a comprehensive leveling treatment on the slope surface, thoroughly remove the stones, weeds, or sundries on the surface, and ensure that the slope surface reaches a flat and clean state; (2) According to the construction drawings and design requirements, conduct precise measurement and lofting on the slope, and pre-excavate a foundation trench on the slope according to the size of the precast protection device designed to match the slope; (3) Set the anchor rods: Drill holes for measurement and lofting, clean the holes, inspect the anchor rod holes, install the anchor rods, and grout the whole length with cement mortar. The anchor rods are arranged corresponding to the node positions of the precast protection device, and the inclination angle is 15° - 35°; (4) Manually roll and lay the assembled surface layer, with the cloth surface being flat, so that the assembled surface layer closely adheres to the soil surface, the foundation trench wall, and the foundation trench bottom, and appropriately leave a deformation margin. The installation of the assembled surface layer adopts the method of nylon rope stitching. The assembled surface layers overlap each other by 200 - 300 mm, and U-shaped nails are used for fixation at the overlapping part. The U-shaped nails have an anchoring length of at least 40 cm; (5) Excavate a catch ditch at the top of the slope outside the sliding surface of the slope, and excavate drainage ditches at the side and bottom of the slope protection. When excavating the catch ditch, side drainage ditch and bottom drainage ditch of the slope, reserve a depth of 20 - 25 cm at the bottom for laying the prefabricated surface layer, fill with backfill soil and compact it; construct the catch ditch / drainage ditch according to the designed depth at the upper part, lay waterproof coiled material on the surface of the catch ditch / drainage ditch, and fixedly connect a filtering net above the catch ditch / drainage ditch; (6) Lift and install the prefabricated protection device and prefabricated lattice into the foundation trench, adjust the position and make the exposed part of the anchor rod pass through the anchor rod holes at the centers of the prefabricated protection device and the prefabricated lattice in sequence, and then fill the anchor rod holes with concrete of the same type as the prefabricated protection device and the prefabricated lattice. Set a gap of 1 - 3 cm between the prefabricated lattices, and fill the gap with asphalt hemp rope or asphalt wood board; (7) Cover and backfill the soil on the slope surface of the slope to fill the excess voids in the foundation trench and make the surface of the prefabricated protection device flush with the soil body. The backfill soil provides a basic growth condition for the seeds of the slope protection vegetation. Select vegetation grass seeds that are suitable for the local climate, have well-developed roots, good stress resistance and can be planted manually in batches, and use the manual sowing or spraying method for sowing. Add fertilizers during the sowing process. After the sowing construction is completed, regular maintenance is required until the vegetation takes shape.

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