A PDC drill bit for oil drilling

Abstract

The present invention discloses a PDC drill bit for oil drilling, which relates to the technical field of drilling PDC drill bits. The drill bit comprises a drill body, a blade body, and a fluid infusion pipeline. An adjustment component is provided between the drill body and the blade body for automatically adjusting the rotation speed and drilling pressure of the blade body. The adjustment component comprises a conical block fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body, a rolling bearing fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body, and a gear plate rotatably mounted on the rolling bearing. The advantage is that before the blade body is drilling, the present invention can adaptively adjust the rotation speed and drilling pressure of the blade body according to the drilling torque of the blade body. At the same time, when the blade body continues drilling and the drilling torque increases or decreases, the rotation speed and drilling pressure of the blade body can be timely and adaptively adjusted through the cooperation of the adjustment component and the sensing component. This can help improve the drilling effect of the blade body, reduce the wear of the blade body due to long-term use, and increase its service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of PDC drill bits for drilling, in particular to a PDC drill bit for oil drilling. Background Art

[0002] In order to improve the effect of drilling operations, current drilling equipment usually uses high-strength PDC drill bits for drilling operations. In order to further improve the effect and safety of drilling equipment during drilling and reduce mechanical vibration during drilling, the lithology of the formation to be drilled is usually surveyed during the drilling process, and the drill speed and drilling pressure are adjusted according to the survey results.

[0003] However, since the same well section may contain interlayers (such as alternating soft and hard formations) or fracture development zones, if the drill bit speed and drilling pressure are set according to a single formation parameter, it is easy for the drill bit speed and drilling pressure to be inconsistent with the actual formation characteristics being drilled. For example, when the drill bit drills into a hard formation, if a high drilling speed is continuously used at this time, it is easy to cause the drill bit vibration to intensify, resulting in fatigue damage to the cutting teeth, that is, reducing the service life of the drill bit. If the drill bit drills into a soft formation, if a high drilling pressure is continuously used at this time, it is easy to cause well deviation or diameter reduction, reducing the final drilling effect. Therefore, we propose a PDC drill bit for oil drilling to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems raised in the background technology and to propose a PDC drill bit for oil drilling.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A PDC drill bit for oil drilling comprises a drill bit body, a blade body, and a fluid delivery pipeline. An adjustment component is provided between the drill bit body and the blade body for automatically adjusting the rotation speed and bit pressure of the blade body.

[0007] The adjusting assembly includes a conical block fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body, a rolling bearing fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body, a gear plate rotatably mounted on the rolling bearing, two slide grooves are provided on the gear plate, a driving member is fixedly mounted on each of the two slide grooves, an extrusion member is slidably mounted on each of the two slide grooves, a torsion spring is fixedly mounted between the two extrusion members and the corresponding driving members, and two elastic push rods matching the corresponding extrusion members are fixedly mounted on the blade body;

[0008] A driving disc is placed on the blade body, an adjusting mechanism is installed between the driving disc and the blade body, and a sensing component is provided on the driving disc for automatically sensing the drilling torque of the blade body.

[0009] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0010] 1: Before the blade body starts drilling, the present invention can adaptively adjust the initial rotation speed of the blade body driven by the drill bit body, that is, the initial rotation speed of the blade body, and the bit pressure according to the initial drilling torque of the blade body through the adjustment component, thereby effectively improving the drilling effect of the blade body during subsequent drilling operations and reducing the wear of the blade body.

[0011] 2: When the blade body is continuously drilling, the present invention can monitor the drilling torque of the blade body in real time through the adjustment component. When the monitored drilling torque weakens or increases, the rotation speed and bit pressure of the blade body can be adjusted in a timely and adaptive manner according to the monitored results through the cooperation of the sensing component and the adjustment component. This can ensure the stability of the continuous drilling operation of the blade body and help to further improve the drilling effect of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a PDC drill bit for oil drilling proposed by the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the drill bit body and the blade body after being rotated at a certain angle;

[0014] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the drill bit body and the blade body;

[0015] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal components of the middle blade body;

[0016] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the components structure on the middle gear plate;

[0017] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic top view after sectioning;

[0018] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the middle drive disc structure;

[0019] Figure 8 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle regulating component;

[0020] Figure 9 for Figure 8 a schematic cross-sectional view of the middle cylinder;

[0021] Figure 10 for Figure 8Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle pressure regulating component;

[0022] Figure 11 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the induction component;

[0023] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure after rotation at a certain angle;

[0024] Figure 13 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the central force adjustment component;

[0025] Figure 14 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the components on the central rotating shaft;

[0026] Figure 15 for Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection assembly between the middle gear plate and the drive plate;

[0027] Figure 16 for Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the assembly formed by the connection between the middle driving member and the elastic push rod;

[0028] Figure 17 for Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of part A;

[0029] Figure 18 for Figure 12 Schematic cross-sectional view of .

[0030] In the figure: 1. Drill bit body; 2. Blade body; 3. Fluid infusion pipeline;

[0031] 4. Adjustment assembly; 41. Conical block; 42. Rolling bearing; 43. Gear plate; 44. Micro motor; 45. Electric telescopic rod; 46. Rotating gear; 47. Driving member; 48. Torsion spring; 49. Extrusion member; 410. Driving plate; 411. Arc-shaped slide; 412. Limiting groove; 413. Cylinder; 414. Threaded rod; 415. Sliding member; 416. Driving rod; 417. Rack; 418. Parallel axis gear; 419. Pressing ring; 420. Butterfly spring body;

[0032] 5. Elastic push rod;

[0033] 6. Sensing assembly; 61. Pushing member; 62. Rotating shaft; 63. Ratchet; 64. Inclined block; 65. Friction roller; 66. Spring extrusion member; 67. Limiting tooth; 68. Slot; 69. Elastic member;

[0034] 7. Fixed rod; 8. Push-pull rod; 9. Ball circulation part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Reference Figures 1-18 A PDC drill bit for oil drilling includes a drill bit body 1, a blade body 2, and a fluid delivery pipeline 3. An adjustment component 4 is provided between the drill bit body 1 and the blade body 2 for automatically adjusting the rotation speed and bit pressure of the blade body 2.

[0037] The lower end of the liquid infusion pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the blade body 2, and the liquid infusion pipe 3 is rotatably connected to the drill bit body 1. The purpose is that when there is a speed difference between the drill bit body 1 and the blade body 2, the liquid infusion pipe 3 can rotate synchronously with the blade body 2, thereby ensuring that during the rotary drilling process of the blade body 2, the drilling fluid ejected from the liquid infusion pipe 3 can cool and lubricate the blade body 2 and carry and suspend rock cuttings in a timely and effective manner.

[0038] At the same time, from Figure 3 As can be seen in the figure, an annular groove is provided on the drill body 1, and a plurality of sliding blocks are slidably installed on the annular groove, and the lower ends of the plurality of sliding blocks are fixedly connected to the blade body 2. Through the cooperation of the annular groove and the plurality of sliding blocks, the relative position between the drill body 1 and the blade body 2 can be fixed. At the same time, when there is a speed difference between the blade body 2 and the drill body 1, it is convenient for the blade body 2 to rotate relative to the drill body 1

[0039] Reference Figures 1-9 、 Figure 11-12 The adjusting assembly 4 includes a conical block 41 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body 1, a rolling bearing 42 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body 1, and a gear plate 43 rotatably mounted on the rolling bearing 42 (by adding a rolling bearing 42 between the gear plate 43 and the drill body 1, the friction between the two during contact can be effectively reduced, making it easier for the gear plate 43 to rotate relative to the drill body 1 under subsequent force), two slide grooves are provided on the gear plate 43, driving members 47 are fixedly mounted on the two slide grooves, extrusion members 49 are slidably mounted on the two slide grooves, and torsion springs 48 are fixedly mounted between the two extrusion members 49 and the corresponding driving members 47, and two elastic push rods 5 that cooperate with the corresponding extrusion members 49 are fixedly mounted on the blade body 2.

[0040] A driving disk 410 is placed on the blade body 2 , and an adjustment mechanism is installed between the driving disk 410 and the blade body 2 . A sensing component 6 is provided on the driving disk 410 for automatically controlling the drilling torque of the blade body 2 .

[0041] The adjustment mechanism includes a limiting groove 412 uniformly arranged in an annular shape on the blade body 2, and a driving disk 410 is provided with an arc-shaped chute 411 uniformly distributed in an annular shape. A cylinder 413 is slidably mounted on each of the limiting grooves 412, and the upper end of each of the cylinders 413 is slidably mounted on the corresponding arc-shaped chute 411. A fixing plate is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of each of the cylinders 413, and a threaded rod 414 is rotatably mounted on each of the fixing plates. A sliding member 415 is threadedly mounted on each of the threaded rods 414, and each of the sliding members 415 is slidably mounted on the corresponding cylinder 413.

[0042] A driving rod 416 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the sliding member 415, and the driving rod 416 cooperates with the conical block 41, a driving component is installed between the threaded rod 414 and the limiting groove 412, and a pressure regulating component is installed between the sliding members 415.

[0043] The driving components include racks 417 fixedly mounted on the limiting slots 412 , and parallel axis gears 418 meshing with the corresponding racks 417 are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the threaded rods 414 .

[0044] A groove is provided in the blade body 2 , on which a micro motor 44 is fixedly mounted. An electric telescopic rod 45 is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the micro motor 44 , and a rotating gear 46 that matches the gear plate 43 is fixedly mounted on the electric telescopic rod 45 .

[0045] The PDC drill bit is a very powerful drill that can lift and lower rocks into the wellbore, causing it to break and break loose, which in turn can cause the wellbore to move deeper, allowing it to travel farther and farther away from the wellbore, where it will last for many years. PDC drill bits have a very low spin rate and are very durable. They can also be used to lower the risk of spills and spills. When drilling, the drill bit vibration may be aggravated due to the high drill bit speed, resulting in fatigue and damage of the cutting teeth. When drilling into soft interlayers, the drill bit's drilling pressure may not be reduced in time, resulting in well inclination or diameter reduction, thereby reducing the final drilling effect (although during the drilling process, a detection instrument that can monitor the drill bit's drilling torque can be added to the drill bit or drilling equipment, and the drill bit speed and drilling pressure can be adjusted according to the detection results and in conjunction with other electronic equipment, such detection instruments are prone to signal interference, signal delay and other problems, which may reduce the accuracy and timeliness of the adjustment of the drill bit speed and drilling pressure).

[0046] A small power supply device (such as a small battery pack) is placed inside the groove opened on the blade body 2. Through this device, the micro motor 44 and the electric telescopic rod 45 placed inside the groove can be independently powered. This makes it convenient for the blade body 2 to drill to a deeper position underground and the micro motor 44 and the electric telescopic rod 45 need to be started. The micro motor 44 and the electric telescopic rod 45 can operate normally.

[0047] When the equipment is needed to drill a well, the electric telescopic rod 45 and the micro motor 44 are started first. The operation of the electric telescopic rod 45 can drive the rotating gear 46 to move downward until the rotating gear 46 engages with the tooth block on the outside of the gear plate 43. The operation of the micro motor 44 can be based on the geological lithology required for drilling by the equipment, that is, the size of the initial drilling torque of the blade body 2. Through the cooperation of the electric telescopic rod 45 and the rotating gear 46, the gear plate 43 is driven to rotate counterclockwise by a certain angle. Since the drill bit body 1, the blade body 2, and the two elastic push rods 5 are all in a stationary state at this time, when the gear plate 43 is forced to drive the two driving members 47 to rotate counterclockwise, it will compress the torsion spring 48 between the two driving members 47 and the corresponding extrusion member 49 through cooperation with the pushing component until the initial pre-tightening force of the two torsion springs 48 is adapted to the torque force exerted on the initial rotation of the blade body 2, and then the operation of the micro motor 44 is stopped.

[0048] The torsion spring 48 is made of a high-strength material such as titanium alloy. Titanium alloy (such as Ti-6264) has tensile strength (tensile strength reaches 145 steel grade), high temperature resistance (maintains performance stability in a sulfur-containing, high-temperature environment of 260-290°C), and good fatigue resistance. For example, when the drilling depth required by the drill bit equipment is about 500 meters, and conventional PDC drill bit blades are used for drilling, the drill bit blades drill to geological torques of different hardnesses, which are approximately between 500 and 6000 N·m (for example, when the drill bit blades drill into soft formations, the drilling torque is 500-1500 N·m, for medium-hard formations it is 1500-3500 N·m, and for hard formations it is between 3000-6000 N·m. In addition, the drilling torque of the drill bit blades is affected by the drilling depth and geological characteristics, and its own characteristics will also affect the torque it receives). When the gear plate 43 is rotated counterclockwise and the two torsion springs 48 are compressed, an adaptive initial pre-tightening force can be applied to the two torsion springs 48 according to the initial drilling torque of the blade body 2, that is, the rotational resistance initially applied by the two torsion springs 48 to the corresponding elastic push rods 5 is adaptively adjusted to ensure that in the initial state, the drill bit body 1 is forced to rotate, and when the blade body 2 and the two elastic push rods 5 are driven to rotate by the adjustment component 4, the two elastic push rods 5 cannot compress the corresponding torsion springs 48 through the pushing force applied to the two extrusion pieces 49, and at this time, when the two elastic push rods 5 push the two extrusion pieces 49, they can rotate together through the corresponding torsion springs 48 (that is, at this time, the blade body 2, the two elastic push rods 5 and the two extrusion pieces 49, the torsion springs 48 and the two driving pieces 47 and the gear plate 43 are rigidly connected).

[0049] When the initial drilling torque of the blade body 2 is used, the micro motor 44, the gear plate 43 and the two driving members 47 rotate counterclockwise, the two driving members 47 can drive the driving disc 410 to rotate together through the friction between the two driving members 47 and the driving disc 410, and when the driving disc 410 rotates counterclockwise, the plurality of cylinders 413 and the plurality of driving rods 416 can be driven to approach each other through the cooperation of the plurality of arc-shaped sliding grooves 411 and the plurality of limiting grooves 412. When the cylinder 413 drives the corresponding threaded rod 414 and the parallel axis 416 through the corresponding fixing plate, the plurality of cylinders 413 and the plurality of driving rods 416 can be driven to approach each other. When the gear 418 moves to the right, the driving force applied to the parallel axis gear 418 by the corresponding rack 417 can cause the threaded rod 414 to rotate under force, driving the sliding member 415 to move downward. When the sliding member 415 is forced to move downward, it can drive the corresponding driving rod 416 to slide downward along the inclined surface of the conical block 41, thereby automatically adaptively adjusting the initial rotation speed of the blade body 2 driven by the rotation of the drill bit body 1 according to the initial drilling torque of the blade body 2, that is, adaptively adjusting the initial rotation speed of the blade body 2.

[0050] For example, when the drill body 1 is subjected to force to drive the conical block 41 to rotate (the drill body 1 is configured to drive the blade body 2 to always rotate in the clockwise direction through the cooperation of the conical block 41, multiple driving rods 416, and multiple cylinders 413), the angular velocity and linear velocity of the conical block 41 will change due to the different radii of the upper and lower ends. According to the linear velocity formula, when the angular velocity is the same, the linear velocity of the upper and lower ends of the conical block 41 is proportional to the radius, that is, the linear velocity increases with the increase of the radius. The upper end of the conical block 41 is wide and the radius is large. Its linear velocity will also increase accordingly. When the multiple driving rods 416 move and contact the upper end of the conical block 41, the friction between the conical block 41 and the multiple driving rods 416 drives the multiple driving rods 416, the multiple cylinders 413 and the blade body 2 to rotate. At this time, the rotation speed of the blade body 2 will increase accordingly. When the multiple driving rods 416 are forced to move downward step by step, the radius of contact with the conical block 41 gradually decreases, and the linear velocity gradually decreases. At this time, the rotation speed of the blade body 2 driven by the drill body 1 will also gradually decrease.

[0051] At the same time, in order to further improve the stability of the drill body 1 under force rotation, the cone block 41 cooperates with multiple drive rods 416 to drive the blade body 2 to rotate continuously. The cone block 41 and multiple drive rods 416 can be made of hardened steel and carburized steel materials respectively. For example, the friction coefficient of hardened steel (such as 42CrMo) and carburized steel is about 0.6-0.8, and its surface hardness can reach HRC50-60, which is suitable for medium and high speed, high load scenarios (such as industrial drill bit limit teeth). In this way, it can be ensured that when the drill body 1 is rotated under force, the stability of the blade body 2 is indirectly driven to rotate together.

[0052] Reference Figures 1-9 The pressure regulating component includes a placement groove provided in the blade body 2, and the limiting grooves 412 are connected to the placement grooves, a pressing ring 419 is fixedly installed between the sliding members 415, and a butterfly spring body 420 (from Figure 4 As can be seen in the figure, the butterfly spring body 420 is composed of a plurality of butterfly spring leaves).

[0053] like Figure 9 As shown, the sliding parts 415 are composed of nuts and telescopic rods. The nuts are threadedly installed on the corresponding threaded rods 414. When the cylinder 413 is forced to move, the corresponding driving rods 416 can be driven to move up and down through the cooperation between the threaded rods 414 and the corresponding nuts. In this process, when the nuts move horizontally and vertically, the pressing ring 419 can be driven to move up and down by compressing the corresponding telescopic rods.

[0054] When the driving disk 410 is forced to rotate counterclockwise, the multiple cylinders 413 are driven to approach each other, so that the threaded rod 414 rotates to drive the sliding member 415 and the driving rod 416 to move downward gradually, thereby gradually reducing the rotation speed of the drill body 1 driving the blade body 2. In the process, the multiple sliding members 415 can compress the vertically arranged butterfly spring body 420 through the pressing ring 419, and the force generated by the compression of the butterfly spring body 420 will be transmitted to the blade body 2, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the drilling pressure of the blade body 2.

[0055] When the micro motor 44 is running, causing the drive disc 410 to rotate counterclockwise, the initial preload of the two torsion springs 48, the initial rotational speed of the blade body 2 driven by the drill body 1 (i.e., the initial rotational speed of the blade body 2), and the adaptability of the drilling pressure of the blade body 2 are adjusted according to the initial torque of the blade body 2, the operation of the micro motor 44 can be stopped, and the electric telescopic rod 45 can be restarted. At this time, the operation of the electric telescopic rod 45 will drive the rotating gear 46 to move upward until it is reset, so as to avoid the subsequent obstruction of the rotation of the gear disc 43 by the rotating gear 46 when it is rotated by other driving forces. After the rotating gear 46 moves up and resets, the drilling equipment can be started, so that the drill body 1 and the blade body 2 cooperate to start drilling operations.

[0056] Reference Figures 6-10 、 Figures 11-18 The sensing assembly 6 includes support plates respectively fixedly mounted on the two elastic push rods 5, and the two support plates are rotatably mounted with a rotating shaft 62, and the two rotating shafts 62 are fixedly mounted with a pawl 63, and the gear plate 43 is provided with an annular groove 68 evenly distributed;

[0057] A round rod is installed through and rotatably on both extrusion members 49, and a limiting tooth 67 is fixedly installed on both round rods. Two fixed grooves are provided on the driving disk 410, and elastic members 69 with arc-shaped uniform distribution are fixedly installed on both fixed grooves. A pushing member is installed between the two driving members 47 and the two extrusion members 49, and a force adjustment member is installed between the two rotating shafts 62.

[0058] When the drill bit body 1 is forced to rotate and the blade body 2 is driven to rotate together through the cooperation of multiple drive rods 416 and multiple cylinders 413, since the initial preload force of the two torsion springs 48 has been adjusted according to the initial torque of the blade body 2 through the above-mentioned adjustment component 4, the blade body 2 can drive the corresponding extrusion member 49 and the two torsion springs 48 to rotate together through the two elastic push rods 5. At the same time, through the cooperation of the two rotating shafts 62, the corresponding pawls 63 and the groove body 68, the gear plate 43 and the two driving members 47 can be driven to rotate together. Since the drive plate 410 and the blade body 2 are in a synchronous rotation state at this time, that is, the multiple arc-shaped slide grooves 411 and the corresponding limit grooves 412 are in a relatively static state, the multiple cylinders 413 and the multiple drive rods 416 will not be displaced in the horizontal position (the horizontal direction specifically refers to the direction from left to right), thereby ensuring that the blade body 2 can maintain a constant speed and bit pressure to perform drilling work during the drilling process at this stage, thereby effectively ensuring the drilling effect of the equipment.

[0059] When the torque applied to the rotation of the blade body 2 is lower than the initial torque (for example, the blade body 2 drills into a soft formation), the thrust transmitted to the two extrusion pieces 49 by the blade body 2 through the two elastic push rods 5 will also decrease accordingly. When the thrust of the two elastic push rods 5 on the corresponding extrusion pieces 49 during rotation is less than the rotational resistance applied to the corresponding elastic push rods 5 by the two torsion springs 48, the blade body 2 is forced to drive the elastic push rods 5 to continue to rotate, causing the two elastic push rods 5 to continuously rotate and slide along the inclined surfaces at the lower ends of the corresponding two extrusion pieces 49, and in this process, the two elastic push rods 5 will be continuously compressed.

[0060] When the torque applied to the blade body 2 is reduced and the two elastic push rods 5 can no longer continuously push the corresponding extrusion members 49 to move, and the two elastic push rods 5 continue to rotate, the two rotating shafts 62 cooperate with the corresponding ratchet 63 and the groove body 68, so that the blade body 2 can continuously drive the gear plate 43 and the two driving members 47 to rotate during the continuous rotation. At this time, the two driving members 47 continue to rotate clockwise and cooperate with the pushing components, and the pre-tightening force of the two torsion springs 48, that is, the resistance applied by the two torsion springs 48 to the corresponding elastic push rods 5, until the rotational assist force applied by the two torsion springs 48 to the corresponding elastic push rods 5 matches the rotational torque of the blade body 2. At this time, during the continuous rotation of the blade body 2 and the two elastic push rods 5, the extrusion member 49, the two torsion springs 48 and the two driving members 47 can be pushed to rotate continuously together with the gear plate 43 (that is, at this time, they are directly restored to a rigidly connected state).

[0061] When the rotation torque of the blade body 2 decreases, the two elastic push rods 5 cooperate with the two ratchet pawls 63 to continuously push the gear plate 43, the two driving members 47 and the driving plate 410 to rotate. At this time, since the two extrusion members 49 and the round rods and limit teeth 67 thereon are in a stationary state, the driving plate 410 will rotate relative to the two extrusion members 49 and the two limit teeth 67. At this time, the driving plate 410 drives the multiple elastic members 69 to rotate clockwise. The obstruction caused by the two limit teeth 67 to the continuous rotation of the corresponding multiple elastic members 69 will drive the corresponding limit teeth 67 and the round rods of the corresponding multiple elastic members 69 to rotate, thereby increasing the friction resistance between the two driving members 47 and the driving plate 410 at this time, reducing the driving The rotation speed of the driving disc 410, at this time, a speed difference will be generated between the driving disc 410 and the blade body 2, and when the blade body 2 drives the rotation speed of the multiple limiting grooves 412 to be greater than the rotation speed of the corresponding arc-shaped sliding groove 411, the multiple cylinders 413 will have an "advanced" movement trend in the corresponding arc-shaped sliding groove 411. At this time, under the constraint of the arc-shaped sliding groove 411, this "advanced" movement will cause the multiple cylinders 413 to gradually move away from the outside (to further ensure that the arc-shaped sliding groove 411 does not hinder the movement of the corresponding "advanced" moving cylinder 413, the end of the multiple cylinders 413 that contacts the corresponding arc-shaped sliding groove 411 can be set to have a certain elasticity to ensure that at this stage, the multiple cylinders 413 can be subjected to the movement of the principle of force, and at the same time from Figure 17 It can be seen that when the driving disk 410 is forced to drive the multiple elastic members 69 to rotate counterclockwise, and the two extrusion members 49 cooperate to drive the two round rods and the two limiting teeth 67 to rotate clockwise, at this time, through the elasticity of the elastic members 69 themselves and the setting of the inclined surfaces of the tooth blocks on the corresponding limiting teeth 67, it can be ensured that the tooth blocks on the two limiting teeth 67 will not hinder the rotational displacement of the elastic members 69 in contact with them).

[0062] When the cylinder 413 drives the corresponding multiple driving rods 416 away from each other, the above-mentioned adjustment mechanism can force the multiple sliding members 415 to move upward, driving the multiple driving rods 416 to gradually move upward along the inclined surface of the conical block 41, thereby gradually increasing the rotation speed of the drill bit body 1 through the conical block 41, the multiple driving rods 416, and the multiple cylinders 413 to drive the blade body 2, that is, the rotation speed of the blade body 2.

[0063] At the same time, when the multiple sliding parts 415 are forced to move upward step by step, driving the pressing ring 419 to move upward together, the pressure on the butterfly spring body 420 will be gradually released, that is, the drilling pressure on the blade body 2 will be gradually reduced. In this way, when the drilling torque of the blade body 2 decreases, the rotation speed of the blade body 2 can be timely and adaptively increased and the drilling pressure can be reduced through the cooperation of the sensing component 6 and the adjusting component 4, thereby ensuring the drilling effect of the blade body 2 at this stage.

[0064] Reference Figures 1-18 The pushing components include fixed rods 7 respectively fixedly mounted on the two extrusion members 49, push-pull rods 8 are fixedly mounted on the two driving members 47, and one end of the two push-pull rods 8 are slidably mounted in the corresponding fixed rods 7, and limiting slide grooves are provided in the two fixed rods 7, and ball circulation members 9 are installed on the two limiting slide grooves, and the two ball circulation members 9 are fixedly connected to the corresponding fixed rods 7 and push-pull rods 8.

[0065] The force adjustment component includes a pushing member 61 fixedly mounted on the two push-pull rods 8 respectively, and an inclined block 64 is fixedly mounted on each of the two pushing members 61. A friction roller 65 is fixedly mounted on each of the two rotating shafts 62. A spring extrusion member 66 is fixedly mounted on each of the two friction rollers 65, and the two spring extrusion members 66 are both matched with the corresponding inclined blocks 64.

[0066] from Figure 18 It can be seen that the two ball circulation parts 9 are composed of multiple balls, and two of the balls are fixedly connected to the corresponding fixed rod 7 and push-pull rod 8 respectively. For example, when the push-pull rod 8 moves to the left relative to the fixed rod 7, the push-pull rod 8 can drive the corresponding ball to move to the left together. When the ball is displaced, the thrust applied to the remaining corresponding balls and the position limitation of the movement of these balls by the corresponding limiting groove will cause the remaining balls to continue to rotate counterclockwise and roll in the limiting groove (the two balls respectively connected to the corresponding fixed rod 7 and push-pull rod 8 are sliding displacements when they are forced to move). When the ball connected to the corresponding fixed rod 7 is forced to continue to roll counterclockwise to the right, it will apply a thrust to the fixed rod 7, causing the fixed rod 7 to move to the right.

[0067] The two elastic push rods 5 are initially positioned at the lower end of the corresponding extrusion members 49, and the two elastic push rods 5 are initially positioned at the lowest point of the extrusion members 49. In the initial state, through the adjustment component 4, the gear plate 43 and the two driving members 47 are driven to rotate counterclockwise to compress the two torsion springs 48. At this time, the two driving members 47 will drive the corresponding push-pull rods 8 to move together. When the push-pull rods 8 are forced to rotate to the left, the thrust applied to the corresponding ball circulation member 9 will cause the two fixed rods 7 to be forced to move to the right (through the above principle). When the two fixed rods 7 are forced to rotate to the right, the pulling force applied to the corresponding extrusion member 49 will cause the two extrusion members 49 to gradually rotate and displace to the right relative to the elastic push rods 5, and the torsion spring 48 between the extrusion member 49 and the corresponding driving member 47 is compressed (at this time, the two elastic push rods 5 will cause the upper ends of the two elastic push rods 5 to continuously move upward under their own elastic force, ensuring that the upper ends of the two elastic push rods 5 are always in contact with the lower end surface of the extrusion member 49).

[0068] At the same time, when the gear plate 43 is in the initial state, the two driving members 47 compress the two torsion springs 48 according to the drilling torque of the blade body 2, so that the two push-pull rods 8 continue to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the two push-pull rods 8 will drive the corresponding pushing members 61 and the inclined blocks 64 to rotate together. At this time, when the two inclined blocks 64 rotate, they will gradually exert pressure on the corresponding elastic members 69, and the compression force of the two elastic members 69 will be transmitted to the corresponding friction rollers 65, thereby gradually increasing the friction force between the friction rollers 65 and the corresponding elastic pushing rods 5, ensuring that the friction resistance between the two friction rollers 65 and the corresponding elastic pushing rods 5 matches the torque exerted by the blade body 2 when driving the two elastic pushing rods 5 to rotate, that is, ensuring that when the blade body 2 pushes the two extruding members 49 and the torsion springs 48 to rotate together through the two elastic pushing rods 5, the friction resistance between the two elastic pushing rods 5 and the corresponding friction rollers 65 cannot drive the friction rollers 65 to rotate together;

[0069] At the same time, if the torque of the blade body 2 decreases and the two extrusion parts 49 cannot be pushed to rotate continuously, but the pawl 63 cooperates with the groove body 68 to continue the clockwise rotation of the gear plate 43, the two driving parts 47 and the two push-pull rods 8, then the two push-pull rods 8 drive the corresponding pushing parts 61 and the bevel blocks 64 to rotate clockwise, which will gradually weaken the pressing force of the two bevel blocks 64 on the corresponding spring extrusion parts 66, that is, gradually reduce the friction resistance between the two friction rollers 65 and the corresponding elastic pushing rods 5, thereby ensuring that the two friction rollers 65 always match the drilling torque of the blade body 2.

[0070] When the rotation torque of the blade body 2 increases (such as drilling into a hard formation), the friction force between the two elastic push rods 5 and the corresponding friction rollers 65 is greater than the friction resistance between the two. At this time, when the two elastic push rods 5 continue to rotate under force, the two friction rollers 65 can be driven to rotate clockwise. When the two friction rollers 65 are rotated under force and drive the corresponding rotating shafts 62 and pawls 63 to rotate clockwise, the two pawls 63 will be rotated and moved out from the corresponding grooves 68 (the ends of the two pawls 63 are provided with a certain elasticity to ensure that the two rotating shafts 62 rotate clockwise. When the corresponding pawls 63 are driven to move out of the corresponding grooves 68, the squeezing force of the two grooves 68 on the ends of the corresponding pawls 63 can ensure that the two pawls 63 are smoothly rotated and moved out. When the two elastic push rods 5 stop driving the corresponding rotating shafts 62 to rotate, the two rotating shafts 62 are driven by the elastic force of the corresponding torsion springs to rotate the corresponding pawls 63 counterclockwise to reset, and the two pawls 63 can smoothly enter the corresponding grooves 68).

[0071] When the two pawls 63 are moved out of the corresponding grooves 68, the continuous rotation of the two elastic push rods 5 will no longer be able to continuously push the gear plate 43 and the two driving members 47 to rotate. At this time, the continuous rotation of the two elastic push rods 5 will apply an extrusion force to the corresponding extrusion members 49, causing the two extrusion members 49 to rotate and displace to compress the corresponding torsion springs 48 until the preload force of the two torsion springs 48 matches the increased torque of the blade body 2.

[0072] And in this process, when the two extrusion members 49 drive the corresponding fixed rods 7 to rotate continuously clockwise (i.e. move to the right), the two fixed rods 7 exert a thrust on the corresponding ball circulation members 9, which will cause the two ball circulation members 9 to push the corresponding push-pull rods 8 to rotate counterclockwise to the left. When the two push-pull rods 8 rotate counterclockwise to the left, the corresponding pushing members 61 and the inclined blocks 64 cooperate to gradually increase the compression force on the corresponding spring extrusion members 66, that is, gradually increase the friction resistance between the two friction rollers 65 and the corresponding elastic pushing rods 5, thereby ensuring that the friction resistance between the two friction rollers 65 and the corresponding elastic pushing rods 5 matches the newly added torque of the blade body 2, thereby ensuring that the subsequent blade body torque continues to increase on this basis. At this time, the two elastic push rods 5 can be used to drive the friction roller 65 to rotate again. At the same time, by synchronously increasing the friction resistance between the two friction rollers 65 and the corresponding elastic push rods 5, the corresponding torsion springs 48 can be compressed during the rotation of the two elastic push rods 5. After the two torsion springs 48 match the newly added torque of the blade body 2, the friction resistance between the two friction rollers 65 and the elastic push rod 5 will make it impossible for the elastic push rod 5 to continuously drive the friction roller 65 to rotate. At this time, under the elastic force of the corresponding torsion spring, the friction roller 65 will drive the corresponding rotating shaft 62 and the pawl 63 to rotate and reset (the friction roller 65 is set to rotate only in a small arc to ensure the effectiveness of the extrusion force exerted by the corresponding bevel block 64 on the corresponding spring extrusion piece 66).

[0073] And when the two push-pull rods 8 are forced to rotate counterclockwise and drive the corresponding driving parts 47 to rotate together, the friction between the two driving parts 47 and the corresponding driving disk 410 can make the driving disk 410 rotate counterclockwise. At this time, through the cooperation of the arc-shaped slide groove 411 and multiple limit grooves 412, the multiple cylinders 413 can be moved away from each other. In this process, through the cooperation with the adjustment component 4, the rotation speed of the drill bit body 1 driving the blade body 2 will be gradually reduced, and the drilling pressure of the blade body 2 will be gradually increased. In this way, when the drilling torque of the blade body 2 increases, the rotation speed and drilling pressure of the blade body 2 can be adjusted in time and adaptively, which can effectively improve the stability and effect of the equipment during drilling, and can also effectively reduce the wear of the blade body 2 during continuous drilling and delay its service life.

[0074] It is further explained that the above-mentioned fixed connection should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise clearly specified and limited. For example, it can be welding, gluing, or one-piece molding, etc., which are common means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0075] In the present invention, when the device is needed to perform drilling operations, the micro motor 44 and the electric telescopic rod 45 are first started to drive the gear plate 43 to rotate counterclockwise by a certain angle until the initial preload force of the two torsion springs 48 matches the initial drilling torque of the blade body 2. In this process, the gear plate 43, the two driving members 47, the driving plate 410, and the multiple limiting grooves 412 can be used to drive the multiple cylinders 413 to drive the corresponding driving rods 416 to approach each other. When the multiple cylinders 413 are forced to approach each other, they can be adjusted by the adjustment The cooperation of the joint mechanism can drive multiple driving rods 416 to gradually move downward along the inclined surface of the conical block 41, that is, gradually reduce the forced rotation of the drill bit body 1, and drive the initial rotation speed of the blade body 2 through the cooperation of the conical block 41, multiple driving rods 416, and multiple cylinders 413. At the same time, the initial drilling pressure of the blade body 2 can be gradually increased through the pressure regulating component, thereby ensuring that the drilling speed and drilling pressure of the blade body 2 match its drilling torque, which can effectively increase the drilling effect of the blade body 2 and effectively reduce the wear of the blade body 2 during the drilling process.

[0076] At the same time, if the drilling torque of the blade body 2 decreases, at this time, through the cooperation of the sensing component 6 and the adjusting component 4, the preload force of the two torsion springs 48 can be weakened in time to increase the rotation speed of the blade body 2 driven by the drill bit body 1, that is, to increase the rotation speed of the blade body 2, and at the same time adaptively reduce the drilling pressure of the blade body 2, thereby ensuring the drilling effect of the blade body 2 at this stage. At the same time, if the drill bit torque of the blade body 2 increases, at this time, through the cooperation of the sensing component 6 and the adjusting component 4, the drilling speed of the blade body 2 can be timely and adaptively reduced and the drilling pressure can be increased, thereby effectively ensuring the drilling effect of the blade body 2 at this stage, and also effectively reducing the wear of the blade body 2, which helps to increase its service life.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A PDC drill bit for oil drilling, comprising a drill bit body (1), a blade body (2), and a fluid delivery pipe (3), characterized in that: An adjustment component (4) is provided between the drill bit body (1) and the blade body (2) for automatically adjusting the rotation speed and drilling pressure of the blade body (2); The adjusting assembly (4) comprises a conical block (41) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body (1); a rolling bearing (42) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the drill body (1); a gear plate (43) rotatably mounted on the rolling bearing (42); two slide grooves are provided on the gear plate (43); a driving member (47) is fixedly mounted on each of the two slide grooves; an extrusion member (49) is slidably mounted on each of the two slide grooves; a torsion spring (48) is fixedly mounted between each of the two extrusion members (49) and the corresponding driving member (47); and two elastic push rods (5) matched with the corresponding extrusion members (49) are fixedly mounted on the blade body (2); A driving disc (410) is placed on the blade body (2), an adjustment mechanism is installed between the driving disc (410) and the blade body (2), and a sensing component (6) is provided on the driving disc (410) for automatically sensing the drilling torque of the blade body (2); The regulating mechanism comprises a limiting groove (412) uniformly arranged in an annular shape on the blade body (2); the driving disc (410) is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove (411) uniformly distributed in an annular shape; a cylinder (413) is slidably mounted on the limiting groove (412); and the upper end of the cylinder (413) is slidably mounted on the corresponding arc-shaped sliding groove (411); a fixing plate is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder (413); a threaded rod (414) is passed through and rotatably mounted on the fixing plate; a sliding member (415) is threadedly mounted on the threaded rod (414), and the sliding member (415) is slidably mounted on the corresponding cylinder (413); The upper ends of the sliding members (415) are fixedly mounted with driving rods (416), and the driving rods (416) are matched with the conical blocks (41). A driving component is installed between the threaded rods (414) and the limiting grooves (412), and a pressure regulating component is installed between the sliding members (415). The pressure regulating component includes a placement groove provided in the blade body (2), and the limiting grooves (412) are all connected to the placement groove, a pressing ring (419) is fixedly installed between the sliding members (415), and a butterfly spring body (420) is fixedly installed between the pressing ring (419) and the placement groove; The sensing assembly (6) includes support plates respectively fixedly mounted on two elastic push rods (5), a rotating shaft (62) is rotatably mounted on the two support plates, a torsion spring is fixedly mounted between the two rotating shafts (62) and the corresponding support plates, a ratchet (63) is fixedly mounted on the two rotating shafts (62), and the gear plate (43) is provided with grooves (68) uniformly distributed in an annular shape; A round rod is passed through and rotatably mounted on the two extrusion members (49), and a limiting tooth (67) is fixedly mounted on the two round rods. Two fixing grooves are provided on the driving disc (410), and elastic members (69) uniformly distributed in an arc shape are fixedly mounted on the two fixing grooves. A pushing member is commonly mounted between the two driving members (47) and the two extrusion members (49), and a force adjustment member is commonly mounted between the two rotating shafts (62).

2. The oil drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving components include racks (417) respectively fixedly mounted on the limiting grooves (412), and parallel axis gears (418) meshing with the corresponding racks (417) are fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the threaded rods (414).

3. The oil drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing component includes a fixed rod (7) fixedly mounted on two extrusion members (49) respectively, a push-pull rod (8) fixedly mounted on each of the two driving members (47), and one end of each of the two push-pull rods (8) is slidably mounted in the corresponding fixed rod (7), and a limiting slide groove is provided in each of the two fixed rods (7), and a ball circulation member (9) is mounted on each of the two limiting slide grooves, and the two ball circulation members (9) are fixedly connected to the corresponding fixed rod (7) and the push-pull rod (8).

4. The oil drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The force adjustment component comprises a pusher (61) fixedly mounted on two push-pull rods (8), an inclined block (64) fixedly mounted on each of the two pushers (61), a friction roller (65) fixedly mounted on each of the two rotating shafts (62), a spring extrusion member (66) fixedly mounted on each of the two friction rollers (65), and the two spring extrusion members (66) are matched with the corresponding inclined block (64).

5. The oil drilling PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove is formed in the blade body (2), a micro motor (44) is fixedly mounted on the groove, an electric telescopic rod (45) is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the micro motor (44), and a rotating gear (46) matched with the gear plate (43) is fixedly mounted on the electric telescopic rod (45).

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