Rock burst prevention supporting device for tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel supporting, and discloses a tunnel anti-rockburst supporting device which comprises a protective layer. A support layer; the rockburst buffering mechanisms are used for consuming kinetic energy of rockburst broken stones; the energy consumption type anchoring mechanisms consume elastic strain energy generated by surrounding rock deformation; the concentration adjusting mechanisms are used for adjusting the concentration of the solution in the rockburst buffering mechanism; the energy consumption type anchoring mechanism is arranged, elastic strain energy generated by surrounding rock deformation can be consumed from the interior of a rock body, the risk of rockburst can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the rockburst buffering mechanism is arranged, the concentration of a solution in the rockburst buffering mechanism is adjusted when the elastic strain energy generated by surrounding rock deformation is consumed through the energy consumption type anchoring mechanism, and the rockburst risk is effectively reduced. The rock which breaks down the protective layer can be effectively buffered through a high-concentration solution, and the rock is prevented from being shot into the tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and more specifically, it relates to a tunnel rockburst prevention support device. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of China's national strength, the construction of tunnels is increasing day by day. With the large-scale construction of tunnel projects, some important disaster phenomena have emerged, among which the rockburst disaster is the most serious.

[0003] Rockburst is a form of rock mass failure. It is a rock mass or geological structure in a high-stress or ultimate equilibrium state. Under the disturbance of excavation activities, the strain energy stored inside it is instantaneously released, causing some rocks around the excavation space to suddenly and violently protrude or eject from the mother rock mass, which is a dynamic mechanical phenomenon.

[0004] Rockburst brings great problems to the safety of construction workers and the damage of large-scale on-site equipment. In particular, the large kinetic energy carried by the ejected rocks is extremely easy to penetrate ordinary protective structures. For the conventional steel mesh concrete protective layer, the interception ability at the blank spaces of the grid is not as excellent as that at the steel wire structure, and the construction takes a long time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel rockburst prevention support device to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present invention provides a tunnel rockburst prevention support device, including: A protective layer, which is used to cover the tunnel rock mass and provide a set supporting force to the tunnel rock mass; A support layer, which is arranged inside the protective layer. There are several rockburst buffer mechanisms between the support layer and the protective layer, and the rockburst buffer mechanisms are used to consume the kinetic energy of rockburst debris; Several energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms. One ends of several energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms sequentially pass through the support layer, the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism and the protective layer and then insert into the tunnel rock mass. The other ends of the energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms are in contact connection with the support layer. The energy-consuming anchoring mechanism includes an integral anchor rod section, a telescopic energy-consuming component connected to one end of the integral anchor rod section, and an anchor head section connected to the other end of the telescopic energy-consuming component. There is a solution with a set pressure in both the rockburst buffer mechanism and the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism, and the solution concentrations in the rockburst buffer mechanism and the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism are the same; Several concentration adjustment mechanisms, which are connected between the integral anchor rod section and the corresponding rockburst buffer mechanism, and the concentration adjustment mechanisms are used to adjust the solution concentration in the rockburst buffer mechanism.

[0007] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the integrated anchor rod section includes an anchor rod one, a liquid injection pipe two connected to the anchor rod one, a backing plate sleeved on the anchor rod one, and a nut threadedly connected to the anchor rod one, and the backing plate contacts the support layer.

[0008] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the telescopic energy dissipation component includes a split anchor rod section and a plurality of sealed elastic telescopic components, and the plurality of sealed elastic telescopic components are respectively arranged on the split anchor rod section, between the split anchor rod section and the integrated anchor rod section, and between the split anchor rod section and the anchor head section.

[0009] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the split anchor rod section includes a plurality of anchor rods two, the plurality of anchor rods two are coaxially arranged, and the plurality of anchor rods two are connected by sealed elastic telescopic components.

[0010] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the sealed elastic telescopic component includes a plurality of limiting chambers arranged on the anchor rod one or the anchor rod two, a sliding plate slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting chamber, a connecting rod fixedly connected to the sliding plate, a first spring sleeved on the connecting rod, and a telescopic bellows sleeved on the periphery of the plurality of first springs. The other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the anchor rod two or the anchor head section, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the anchor rod one or the anchor rod two, and the other end is fixedly connected to the anchor rod two or the anchor head section. One end of the telescopic bellows is fixedly connected to the anchor rod one or the anchor rod two, and the other end is fixedly connected to the anchor rod two or the anchor head section.

[0011] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the anchor head section includes a sealed anchor head piece and a plurality of barbs structures connected to the sealed anchor head piece, and the plurality of barbs structures are evenly distributed on the sealed anchor head piece. A first sealed chamber is formed among the sealed anchor head piece, the plurality of anchor rods two, the plurality of telescopic bellows and the anchor rod one, and the liquid injection pipe two is communicated with the first sealed chamber.

[0012] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the rockburst buffer mechanism includes a second connecting plate fixedly connected to the support layer, a first connecting plate symmetrically arranged with the second connecting plate, a square telescopic pipe fitting and a circular telescopic pipe fitting fixedly connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and a liquid injection pipe one connected to the second connecting plate. A second sealed chamber is formed among the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, the square telescopic pipe fitting and the circular telescopic pipe fitting.

[0013] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, a first one-way conduction mechanism is provided on both the liquid injection pipe one and the liquid injection pipe two, and the first one-way conduction mechanism is used to limit the solution to be only introduced into the first sealed chamber or the second sealed chamber from the outside.

[0014] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the one-way conduction mechanism I includes a liquid-conducting ring body I, a liquid-conducting ring body II coaxially arranged with the liquid-conducting ring body I, a spring II fixedly connected to the liquid-conducting ring body II, a plugging plate I fixedly connected to the other end of the spring II, and a limiting rod I fixedly connected to the plugging plate I. The limiting rod I is slidably connected to the liquid-conducting ring body II, and the diameter of the limiting rod I is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid-conducting ring body II. The plugging plate I is used to block the liquid-conducting ring body I, and the liquid-conducting ring body I and the liquid-conducting ring body II are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the liquid injection pipe I or the liquid injection pipe II.

[0015] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the concentration adjustment mechanism includes an overflow pipe connected between the anchor rod I and the liquid injection pipe I and a one-way conduction mechanism II arranged in the overflow pipe. The one-way conduction mechanism II is used to limit that the solution in the sealing chamber I can only be introduced into the sealing chamber II; The one-way conduction mechanism II includes a liquid-conducting ring body III and a liquid-conducting ring body IV fixedly connected to the inner wall of the overflow pipe, a spring III fixedly connected to the liquid-conducting ring body IV, a plugging plate II fixedly connected to the other end of the spring III, and a limiting rod II fixedly connected to the plugging plate II. The limiting rod II is slidably connected to the liquid-conducting ring body IV, and the diameter of the limiting rod II is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid-conducting ring body IV. The plugging plate II is used to block the overflow pipe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention is provided with an energy-consuming anchoring mechanism, which can consume the elastic strain energy generated by the surrounding rock deformation from the rock mass, effectively reducing the risk of rock burst. At the same time, a rock burst buffer mechanism is provided to adjust the concentration of the solution in the rock burst buffer mechanism when consuming the elastic strain energy generated by the surrounding rock deformation through the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism, and the high-concentration solution can effectively buffer the rock that penetrates the protective layer, preventing the rock from shooting into the tunnel. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the Figure 1 partial sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 is the matching view of the integral anchor rod section, the separated anchor rod section and the anchor head section of the present invention; Figure 4 is the Figure 2 magnified view of the A position in the present invention; Figure 5 is the Figure 2 magnified view of the B position in the present invention; Figure 6 is the Figure 2 magnified view of the C position in the present invention; Figure 7 is the Figure 2An enlarged view of the location D in the [specific context]; Figure 8 is of the present invention Figure 3 An enlarged view of the location E in the [specific context]; Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of the one-way conduction mechanism I of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the concentration adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. protective layer; 2. support layer; 3. rockburst buffer mechanism; 301. connecting plate I; 302. connecting plate II; 303. square telescopic pipe fitting; 304. circular telescopic pipe fitting; 305. liquid injection pipe I; 4. energy-consuming anchoring mechanism; 41. integrated bolt section; 4101. bolt I; 4102. backing plate; 4103. nut; 4104. liquid injection pipe II; 42. separated bolt section; 4201. bolt II; 43. sealed elastic telescopic component; 4301. limiting chamber; 4302. sliding plate; 4303. connecting rod; 4304. spring I; 4305. telescopic corrugated pipe; 44. anchor head section; 4401. sealed anchor head part; 4402. barbed structure; 5. one-way conduction mechanism I; 501. liquid conduction ring body I; 502. liquid conduction ring body II; 503. spring II; 504. blocking plate I; 505. limiting rod I; 6. concentration adjustment mechanism; 601. overflow pipe; 602. liquid conduction ring body III; 603. liquid conduction ring body IV; 604. spring III; 605. blocking plate II; 606. limiting rod II. Detailed implementation mode

[0019] Now, the subject matter described herein will be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that discussing these embodiments is only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the subject matter described herein. Additionally, features described relative to some examples can also be combined in other examples.

[0020] As Figures 1 - 10 shown, a tunnel rockburst prevention and support device includes: A protective layer 1, which is used to cover the tunnel rock mass and provide a set supporting force to the tunnel rock mass; A support layer 2, which is arranged inside the protective layer 1. There are several rockburst buffer mechanisms 3 between the support layer 2 and the protective layer 1, and the rockburst buffer mechanisms 3 are used to consume the kinetic energy of the rockburst debris; A number of energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms 4, one end of each of the number of energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms 4 sequentially passes through the support layer 2, the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism 4, and the protective layer 1 and then inserts into the tunnel rock mass. The other end of the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism 4 is in contact connection with the support layer 2. The energy-consuming anchoring mechanism 4 includes an integral anchor rod section 41, a telescopic energy-consuming component connected to one end of the integral anchor rod section 41, and an anchor head section 44 connected to the other end of the telescopic energy-consuming component. Solutions with a set pressure are provided in both the rockburst buffer mechanism 3 and the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism 4, and the solution concentrations in the rockburst buffer mechanism 3 and the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism 4 are the same; A number of concentration adjustment mechanisms 6, the number of concentration adjustment mechanisms 6 are connected between the integral anchor rod section 41 and the corresponding rockburst buffer mechanism 3, and the concentration adjustment mechanism 6 is used to adjust the solution concentration in the rockburst buffer mechanism 3.

[0021] It should be noted that when carrying out the rockburst prevention and support operation for the tunnel, first drill holes at the set positions on the rock mass, and then press the protective layer 1 against the rock mass. Corresponding openings are made on the protective layer 1 according to the drilled holes, so that the anchor head section 44, the telescopic energy-consuming component, and the integral anchor rod section 41 of the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism 4 can be inserted into the holes. Similarly, corresponding through holes need to be opened on the support layer 2 according to the starting position and direction of the holes for the anchor head section 44, the telescopic energy-consuming component, and the integral anchor rod section 41 to pass through. Then, the support layer 2 is placed on the inner side of the protective layer 1. Then, the anchor head section 44, the telescopic energy-consuming component, and the integral anchor rod section 41 are sequentially passed through the support layer 2, the corresponding rockburst buffer mechanism 3, and the protective layer 1 and then inserted into the corresponding holes. Then, the integral anchor rod section 41 is locked to the support layer 2. Then, a liquid with a set pressure is introduced into the integral anchor rod section 41, so that the internal hydraulic pressure of the sealed chamber one formed by the anchor head section 44, the telescopic energy-consuming component, and the integral anchor rod section 41 reaches the set value. As the internal hydraulic pressure of the sealed chamber one gradually increases, local structures on the telescopic energy-consuming component can start to expand and bulge. Combined with the structure of the anchor head section 44, a stable connection relationship can be formed with the rock mass in the hole, so that a stable connection force can be formed between the support layer 2 and the tunnel rock mass, and thus the support layer 2 can provide a stable support structure for the rockburst buffer mechanism 3 and the protective layer 1; When the telescopic energy dissipation component is affected by the movement of the rock mass, it can adaptively deform following the internal deformation of the rock mass, thereby effectively consuming the elastic strain energy generated by the internal deformation of the rock mass, and effectively reducing the probability of rockburst occurrence. When it deforms, its internal volume shrinks, and the internal hydraulic pressure is greater than the one-way limit threshold of the concentration regulating mechanism 6, so that the solution in the first sealed chamber is unidirectionally introduced into the rockburst buffer mechanism 3, increasing the liquid volume in the rockburst buffer mechanism 3, which can further increase the concentration of the solution in the rockburst buffer mechanism 3. At the same time, the hydraulic pressure in the rockburst buffer mechanism 3 is also increased, thereby further improving its buffering effect. Even when a rockburst occurs and the ejected rock penetrates the support layer 2 and the sealing structure of the rockburst buffer mechanism 3, the high-concentration solution in the rockburst buffer mechanism 3 can further dissipate the kinetic energy of the ejected rock, effectively increasing the success rate of intercepting the crushed stones and reducing the risk of the crushed stones being ejected into the tunnel.

[0022] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8 shown, the integral anchor rod section 41 includes an anchor rod one 4101, a second liquid injection pipe 4104 connected to the anchor rod one 4101, a backing plate 4102 sleeved on the anchor rod one 4101, and a nut 4103 threadedly connected to the anchor rod one 4101. The backing plate 4102 is in contact with the support layer 2.

[0023] The telescopic energy dissipation component includes a split anchor rod section 42 and a plurality of sealed elastic telescopic components 43. The plurality of sealed elastic telescopic components 43 are respectively arranged on the split anchor rod section 42, between the split anchor rod section 42 and the integral anchor rod section 41, and between the split anchor rod section 42 and the anchor head section 44.

[0024] The split anchor rod section 42 includes a plurality of anchor rods two 4201. The plurality of anchor rods two 4201 are coaxially arranged, and the plurality of anchor rods two 4201 are connected by sealed elastic telescopic components 43.

[0025] The sealed elastic telescopic assembly 43 includes a plurality of limiting chambers 4301 provided on the first bolt 4101 or the second bolt 4201, a sliding plate 4302 slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting chamber 4301, a connecting rod 4303 fixedly connected to the sliding plate 4302, a first spring 4304 sleeved on the connecting rod 4303, and a telescopic bellows 4305 sleeved on the periphery of a plurality of first springs 4304. One end of the first spring 4304 is fixedly connected to the second bolt 4201 or the anchor head section 44, and the other end of the first spring 4304 is fixedly connected to the first bolt 4101 or the second bolt 4201 and its other end is fixedly connected to the second bolt 4201 or the anchor head section 44. One end of the telescopic bellows 4305 is fixedly connected to the first bolt 4101 or the second bolt 4201, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second bolt 4201 or the anchor head section 44.

[0026] The anchor head section 44 includes a sealed anchor head member 4401 and a plurality of barbs 4402 connected to the sealed anchor head member 4401. The plurality of barbs 4402 are evenly distributed on the sealed anchor head member 4401. A first sealed chamber is formed among the sealed anchor head member 4401, a plurality of second bolts 4201, a plurality of telescopic bellows 4305, and the first bolt 4101. The second liquid injection pipe 4104 communicates with the first sealed chamber.

[0027] It should be noted that, as described above, after inserting the anchor head section 44, the telescopic energy dissipation component, and the integral anchor rod section 41 into the drill hole, a solution is introduced into the first sealed chamber through the second liquid injection pipe 4104. As the solution increases, the internal pressure of the first sealed chamber gradually increases. Under the hydraulic action, the sealed anchor head member 4401 can be pushed to move towards the inside of the drill hole, and the connecting rod 4303 is pulled to move in the same direction and at the same distance until the connecting rod 4303 starts to pull the corresponding second anchor rod 4201 to move. Similarly, with the continuous movement of the subsequent second anchor rod 4201, multiple first springs 4304 can all be in the longest state. At this time, the entire telescopic energy dissipation component is in the longest state, and the entire energy dissipation type anchoring mechanism 4 can be in the designed length state. This can effectively reduce the occupied space of the entire energy dissipation type anchoring mechanism 4 during transportation. When the energy dissipation type anchoring mechanism 4 is at the designed length, the hydraulic pressure starts to squeeze multiple telescopic bellows 4305, causing the telescopic bellows 4305 to radially expand towards the inner wall of the drill hole until the telescopic bellows 4305 is in close contact with the inner wall of the drill hole, forming a large limiting frictional force. Cooperating with the barbed structure 4402, it can effectively enable the energy dissipation type anchoring mechanism 4 to form a stable connection with the rock mass in the drill hole, and further form a stable anchoring relationship between the support layer 2 and the tunnel rock mass. When the sealed anchor head member 4401 or the corresponding second anchor rod 4201 or the telescopic bellows 4305 moves following the influence of the internal deformation of the tunnel rock mass, the elastic strain energy generated by the internal deformation of the rock mass can be effectively consumed, and the internal hydraulic pressure of the first sealed chamber will increase, so that the liquid inside the first sealed chamber is unidirectionally introduced into the internal of the rock burst buffer mechanism 3 from the concentration adjustment mechanism 6, enabling the subsequent moving ability of the energy dissipation type anchoring mechanism 4 following the rock mass deformation to always remain within the set numerical range, and effectively maintaining the energy consumption ability of the energy dissipation type anchoring mechanism 4 for the elastic strain energy generated by the internal deformation of the rock mass.

[0028] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 9 shown, the rock burst buffer mechanism 3 includes a second connecting plate 302 fixedly connected to the support layer 2, a first connecting plate 301 symmetrically arranged with the second connecting plate 302, a square telescopic pipe fitting 303 and a circular telescopic pipe fitting 304 fixedly connected between the first connecting plate 301 and the second connecting plate 302, and a first liquid injection pipe 305 connected to the second connecting plate 302. A second sealed chamber is formed among the first connecting plate 301, the second connecting plate 302, the square telescopic pipe fitting 303, and the circular telescopic pipe fitting 304.

[0029] One-way conduction mechanisms 5 are provided on both the first liquid injection pipe 305 and the second liquid injection pipe 4104. The one-way conduction mechanism 5 is used to restrict the solution to only be introduced from the outside into the first sealed chamber or the second sealed chamber.

[0030] The one-way conduction mechanism 5 includes a liquid-passing ring body 1 501, a liquid-passing ring body 2 502 coaxially arranged with the liquid-passing ring body 1 501, a spring 2 503 fixedly connected to the liquid-passing ring body 2 502, a blocking plate 1 504 fixedly connected to the other end of the spring 2 503, and a limiting rod 1 505 fixedly connected to the blocking plate 1 504. The limiting rod 1 505 is slidably connected to the liquid-passing ring body 2 502, and the diameter of the limiting rod 1 505 is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid-passing ring body 2 502. The blocking plate 1 504 is used to block the liquid-passing ring body 1 501, and the liquid-passing ring body 1 501 and the liquid-passing ring body 2 502 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the liquid injection pipe 1 305 or the liquid injection pipe 2 4104.

[0031] It should be noted that as described above, initially, a solution with a set pressure and a set amount can be unidirectionally introduced into the second sealing chamber through the liquid injection pipe 1 305 in advance. Since both the concentration adjustment mechanism 6 and the one-way conduction mechanism 5 in the liquid injection pipe 1 305 can limit the flow of the liquid in the second sealing chamber, the hydraulic pressure and the solution concentration in the second sealing chamber can be maintained in a stable state. As the pressure in the first sealing chamber increases and the concentration adjustment mechanism 6 is opened and unidirectionally introduced into the second sealing chamber, the solution pressure and the solution concentration in the second sealing chamber can gradually increase, so that the liquid in the second sealing chamber can provide a relatively stable supporting force for the connecting plate 1 301 and the crushed stones that enter the second sealing chamber after penetrating the connecting plate 1 301. The crushed stones can consume more kinetic energy under the buffering of the solution in the second sealing chamber, so that the crushed stones cannot continuously penetrate the connecting plate 2 302 and the supporting layer 2, and can effectively intercept the rock burst crushed stones in the set area; The principle of the one-way conduction mechanism 5 for unidirectionally restricting the solution flow is that when the liquid flows through the liquid-passing ring body 1 501, it starts to squeeze the blocking plate 1 504 and push it towards the liquid-passing ring body 2 502. The spring 2 503 starts to be squeezed, so that the blocking plate 1 504 is separated from the liquid-passing ring body 1 501, so that the solution can flow through the gap between the blocking plate 1 504 and the inner wall of the liquid injection pipe 1 305 or the liquid injection pipe 2 4104, and finally flow into the corresponding first sealing chamber or the second sealing chamber from the liquid-passing ring body 2 502.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 10 shown, the concentration adjustment mechanism 6 includes an overflow pipe 601 connected between the anchor rod 1 4101 and the liquid injection pipe 1 305 and a one-way conduction mechanism 2 provided in the overflow pipe 601. The one-way conduction mechanism 2 is used to limit that the solution in the first sealing chamber can only be introduced into the second sealing chamber; The one-way conduction mechanism II includes a liquid-passing ring body III 602 and a liquid-passing ring body IV 603 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the overflow pipe 601, a spring III 604 fixedly connected to the liquid-passing ring body IV 603, a plugging plate II 605 fixedly connected to the other end of the spring III 604, and a limiting rod II 606 fixedly connected to the plugging plate II 605. The limiting rod II 606 is slidably connected to the liquid-passing ring body IV 603, and the diameter of the limiting rod II 606 is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid-passing ring body IV 603. The plugging plate II 605 is used to plug the overflow pipe 601.

[0033] It should be noted that, as described above, when the solution concentration in the first sealing chamber is higher than the limit threshold of the spring III 604, the plugging plate II 605 compresses the spring III 604 under hydraulic pressure, so that the solution in the first sealing chamber flows through the gap between the plugging plate II 605 and the overflow pipe 601, and then is introduced into the second sealing chamber from the middle of the liquid-passing ring body IV 603. When the first sealing chamber is depressurized, the spring III 604 pushes the plugging plate II 605 again to plug the liquid-passing ring body III 602, thus blocking the connection between the first sealing chamber and the second sealing chamber.

[0034] The above describes the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above specific implementation manners. The above specific implementation manners are only illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present embodiment.

Claims

1. A tunnel anti-rockburst support device, characterized in that, Comprising: A protective layer (1) for covering the tunnel rock mass and providing a set supporting force to the tunnel rock mass; A support layer (2) provided inside the protective layer (1), with a number of rockburst buffer mechanisms (3) provided between the support layer (2) and the protective layer (1), and the rockburst buffer mechanisms (3) being used to consume the kinetic energy of rockburst debris; A number of energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms (4), one end of the number of energy-consuming anchoring mechanisms (4) sequentially passes through the support layer (2), the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism (4) and the protective layer (1) and then inserts into the tunnel rock mass, and the other end of the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism (4) is in contact connection with the support layer (2). The energy-consuming anchoring mechanism (4) includes an integral anchor rod section (41), a telescopic energy-consuming component connected to one end of the integral anchor rod section (41), and an anchor head section (44) connected to the other end of the telescopic energy-consuming component. A solution with a set pressure is provided in both the rockburst buffer mechanism (3) and the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism (4), and the solution concentrations in the rockburst buffer mechanism (3) and the energy-consuming anchoring mechanism (4) are the same; A number of concentration adjustment mechanisms (6) connected between the integral anchor rod section (41) and the corresponding rockburst buffer mechanism (3), and the concentration adjustment mechanisms (6) are used to adjust the solution concentration in the rockburst buffer mechanism (3).

2. The tunnel rockburst prevention support device according to claim 1, wherein The integral anchor rod section (41) includes an anchor rod one (4101), a liquid injection pipe two (4104) connected to the anchor rod one (4101), a backing plate (4102) sleeved on the anchor rod one (4101), and a nut (4103) threadedly connected to the anchor rod one (4101), and the backing plate (4102) is in contact with the support layer (2).

3. The rockburst prevention and support device for tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic energy-consuming component includes a split anchor rod section (42) and a number of sealed elastic telescopic components (43), and the number of sealed elastic telescopic components (43) are respectively provided on the split anchor rod section (42), between the split anchor rod section (42) and the integral anchor rod section (41), and between the split anchor rod section (42) and the anchor head section (44).

4. The tunnel rockburst prevention and support device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The split anchor rod section (42) includes a number of anchor rods two (4201), the number of anchor rods two (4201) are coaxially arranged, and the number of anchor rods two (4201) are all connected by sealed elastic telescopic components (43).

5. The tunnel rockburst prevention support device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sealed elastic telescopic assembly (43) includes a plurality of limiting chambers (4301) provided on the first bolt (4101) or the second bolt (4201), a sliding plate (4302) slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting chamber (4301), a connecting rod (4303) fixedly connected to the sliding plate (4302), a first spring (4304) sleeved on the connecting rod (4303), and a telescopic bellows (4305) sleeved on the periphery of the plurality of first springs (4304). The other end of the first spring (4304) is fixedly connected to the second bolt (4201) or the anchor head section (44). One end of the first spring (4304) is fixedly connected to the first bolt (4101) or the second bolt (4201), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second bolt (4201) or the anchor head section (44). One end of the telescopic bellows (4305) is fixedly connected to the first bolt (4101) or the second bolt (4201), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second bolt (4201) or the anchor head section (44).

6. The tunnel rockburst prevention and support device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchor head section (44) includes a sealed anchor head member (4401) and a plurality of barbs (4402) connected to the sealed anchor head member (4401). The plurality of barbs (4402) are evenly distributed on the sealed anchor head member (4401). A first sealed chamber is formed among the sealed anchor head member (4401), the plurality of second bolts (4201), the plurality of telescopic bellows (4305), and the first bolt (4101). The second liquid injection pipe (4104) communicates with the first sealed chamber.

7. The rockburst prevention and support device for a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that The rock burst buffer mechanism (3) includes a second connecting plate (302) fixedly connected to the support layer (2), a first connecting plate (301) symmetrically arranged with the second connecting plate (302), a square telescopic pipe fitting (303) and a circular telescopic pipe fitting (304) fixedly connected between the first connecting plate (301) and the second connecting plate (302), and a first liquid injection pipe (305) connected to the second connecting plate (302). A second sealed chamber is formed among the first connecting plate (301), the second connecting plate (302), the square telescopic pipe fitting (303), and the circular telescopic pipe fitting (304).

8. The tunnel rockburst prevention and support device according to claim 7, characterized in that, One-way conduction mechanisms (5) are provided on both the first liquid injection pipe (305) and the second liquid injection pipe (4104). The one-way conduction mechanism (5) is used to limit the solution to be only introduced from the outside into the first sealed chamber or the second sealed chamber.

9. The tunnel rockburst prevention support device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The one-way conduction mechanism one (5) includes a liquid-passing ring body one (501), a liquid-passing ring body two (502) coaxially arranged with the liquid-passing ring body one (501), a spring two (503) fixedly connected to the liquid-passing ring body two (502), a plugging plate one (504) fixedly connected to the other end of the spring two (503), and a limiting rod one (505) fixedly connected to the plugging plate one (504). The limiting rod one (505) is slidably connected to the liquid-passing ring body two (502), and the diameter of the limiting rod one (505) is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid-passing ring body two (502). The plugging plate one (504) is used to plug the liquid-passing ring body one (501). The liquid-passing ring body one (501) and the liquid-passing ring body two (502) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the liquid injection pipe one (305) or the liquid injection pipe two (4104).

10. The tunnel rockburst prevention and support device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The concentration adjustment mechanism (6) includes an overflow pipe (601) connected between the anchor rod one (4101) and the liquid injection pipe one (305), and a one-way conduction mechanism two arranged in the overflow pipe (601). The one-way conduction mechanism two is used to limit the solution in the sealing chamber one to be only introduced into the sealing chamber two; The one-way conduction mechanism two includes a liquid-passing ring body three (602) and a liquid-passing ring body four (603) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the overflow pipe (601), a spring three (604) fixedly connected to the liquid-passing ring body four (603), a plugging plate two (605) fixedly connected to the other end of the spring three (604), and a limiting rod two (606) fixedly connected to the plugging plate two (605). The limiting rod two (606) is slidably connected to the liquid-passing ring body four (603). The diameter of the limiting rod two (606) is smaller than the inner diameter of the liquid-passing ring body four (603). The plugging plate two (605) is used to plug the overflow pipe (601).

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