Power system with gas turbine engine

Abstract

The invention relates to a power system with a gas turbine engine. Specifically, a power system includes a gas turbine engine including a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section defining a flow passage in a series flow relationship, the gas turbine engine generating an exhaust gas including a fundamental volume amount of carbon dioxide within the exhaust gas. The carbon capture unit is disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine and processes exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine to capture carbon dioxide contained in the output exhaust gas. The carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit from the output exhaust gas into the flow passage of the gas turbine engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a power system having a gas turbine engine. Background Art

[0002] Traditionally, a power system (e.g., a land-based or sea-based power plant) may include a gas turbine engine that is used to drive an element such as a generator to generate electricity, or drive a mechanical drive shaft to be used as a prime mover (e.g., a power source for driving an industrial gas compressor or driving an offshore propulsion gearbox). The gas turbine engine generates exhaust gas including carbon dioxide. To meet emission requirements, the power system may further include a carbon capture unit that processes the exhaust gas to capture carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas and then stores the captured carbon dioxide. Summary of the Invention Technical Solution 1. A power system, comprising: A gas turbine engine including a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section that define a flow passage in a series flow relationship, the combustion section generating a baseline amount by volume of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine; A carbon capture unit disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine to process the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine and capture carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas, including the baseline amount of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion section; and A carbon dioxide reinjection system fluidly coupled to the carbon capture unit and arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured from the exhaust gas by the carbon capture unit into the flow passage of the gas turbine engine via at least one carbon dioxide reinjection supply line so as to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine above the baseline amount of carbon dioxide. Technical Solution 2. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the combustion section of the gas turbine engine includes one of a dry low emission burner, a single annular burner, or a dual annular premix burner. Technical Solution 3. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the combustion of the fuel and air mixture in the combustion section of the gas turbine engine generates the baseline amount by volume of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine. Technical Solution 4. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, further comprising: A heat recovery steam generator disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine, the heat recovery steam generator generating steam using the output exhaust gas from the gas turbine engine; and A steam turbine in fluid communication with the heat recovery steam generator, which receives the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator to rotate the steam turbine. Aspect 5. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, further comprising: A first driven element connected to the gas turbine engine for being driven by the gas turbine engine; and A second driven element connected to the steam turbine for being driven by the steam turbine. Aspect 6. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the first driven element is one of a first electric power generator, a first driveline system, or a first mechanical drive system, and the second driven element is one of a second power generator, a second driveline system, or a second mechanical drive system. Aspect 7. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the compressor section includes a compressor reverse bleed passage, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject carbon dioxide into the compressor section via the compressor reverse bleed passage. Aspect 8. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the compressor section includes a compressor rear frame structure including a plurality of struts, and the compressor reverse bleed passage is included within at least one of the plurality of struts. Aspect 9. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor reverse bleed passage so as to obtain carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine in a volume percentage between four percent and fourteen percent. Aspect 10. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor reverse bleed passage to be carbon dioxide in a volume percentage between three percent and eight percent. Aspect 11. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the flow passage to control the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine. Aspect 12. The power system according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the baseline amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine includes carbon dioxide in a volume percentage between two percent and five percent, and the volume percentage of the carbon dioxide reinjected into the gas turbine engine by the carbon dioxide reinjection system includes carbon dioxide in a volume percentage from two percent to fifteen percent. Technical solution 13. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the compressor section includes a compressor inlet, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to inject a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the compressor inlet. Technical solution 14. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the compressor inlet includes a manifold, and carbon dioxide is injected into the compressor inlet via the manifold. Technical solution 15. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor inlet so as to obtain carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas processed by the carbon capture unit in an amount between four percent and twelve percent by volume. Technical solution 16. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor inlet to be carbon dioxide in an amount between two percent and eight percent by volume. Technical solution 17. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the combustion section includes a fuel nozzle assembly arranged to inject a fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to inject a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly so as to mix with the fuel-air mixture. Technical solution 18. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly so as to obtain carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas in an amount between four percent and fourteen percent by volume. Technical solution 19. The power system according to any of the foregoing technical solutions, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly to be carbon dioxide in an amount between one percent and ten percent by volume. Technical solution 20. A gas turbine engine, comprising: (a) A compressor section defining a flow path in a series flow relationship, including a compressor inlet and a compressor reverse bleed passage, (b) a combustion section including a combustion chamber and a fuel nozzle assembly arranged to inject a fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber, (c) a turbine section, and (d) an exhaust section, the gas turbine engine outputting exhaust gas including carbon dioxide, the exhaust gas including a baseline amount of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion section in the exhaust gas; and A carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to receive carbon dioxide from a carbon capture unit that captures carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas and reinject at least a portion of the received carbon dioxide into the flow path of the gas turbine engine. Wherein, the carbon dioxide reinjection system is fluidly coupled to the carbon capture unit and is arranged to reinject carbon dioxide via at least one carbon dioxide reinjection supply line into one of the compressor inlet, the compressor bleed passage, or the combustor via the fuel nozzle assembly. Description of the Drawings

[0003] The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following description of various exemplary embodiments as shown in the drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and / or structurally similar elements.

[0004] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary power system according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0005] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary carbon capture unit according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0006] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary carbon dioxide reinjection system according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0007] Figure 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary gas turbine engine according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0008] Figure 5 is similar to Figure 1 and is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary power system according to one aspect of the present disclosure and the amount of carbon dioxide at various locations within the system.

[0009] Figure 6 is a part of a gas turbine engine according to one aspect of the present disclosure and is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view obtained at detail view 110 of Figure 4

[0010] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a compressor discharge pressure (CDP) bleed structure according to one aspect of the present disclosure obtained at plane 7-7 of Figure 4 and depicts the arrangement of the compressor rear frame struts and the bleed passages therein.

[0011] Figure 8 is similar to Figure 1 and is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary power system according to another aspect of the present disclosure and the amount of carbon dioxide at various locations within the system. ​

[0012] Figure 9 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view obtained at detail view 136 of a burner of a gas turbine engine according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 6 of the

[0013] Figure 10 is similar to Figure 1 a schematic diagram which depicts an exemplary power system according to another aspect of the present disclosure and the amount of carbon dioxide at various locations within the system. Detailed Description

[0014] The features, advantages, and embodiments of the present disclosure are elucidated or made clear by considering the following detailed description, drawings, and claims. Additionally, the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation without limiting the scope of the present disclosure as claimed.

[0015] Various embodiments are discussed in detail below. Although specific embodiments are discussed, this is done for illustrative purposes only. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0016] As used herein, the terms "first", "second", and "third" may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to denote the position or importance of individual components.

[0017] The terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the relative direction with respect to the fluid flow in a fluid passage. For example, "upstream" refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and "downstream" refers to the direction to which the fluid flows.

[0018] Power systems, such as electrical power plants or prime movers that provide drive power to drive a mechanical drive shaft to drive components (e.g., drive an industrial gas compressor or drive an offshore propulsion gearbox), may include a gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine is used to drive a generator to generate electricity or as a prime mover to drive a mechanical drive shaft. The gas turbine engine generates exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas includes various emission products, including carbon dioxide. To meet emission requirements, the power plant may also include a carbon capture unit that processes the exhaust gas from the gas turbine engine to capture carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas and then stores the captured carbon dioxide. Generally, the carbon capture unit is a large unit, and in a land-based power plant, it may require a large land footprint. In such a land-based system, the weight and size of the carbon capture unit are generally not a problem. Thus, although a large carbon capture unit may be acceptable for a land-based power system, for marine-based and offshore power plants or prime mover applications, the large size and correspondingly heavy weight of the carbon capture unit are less desirable and likely not feasible. For example, an offshore oil drilling platform located offshore in open water may also utilize a power generation system and / or prime mover with a gas turbine engine and a carbon capture unit. For a marine-based power generation and / or prime mover gas turbine system, the large size and weight of the carbon capture unit are undesirable, and it may become necessary to limit the size of the carbon capture unit, thereby also limiting the amount of carbon dioxide that can be captured from the exhaust gas.

[0019] The present disclosure solves the foregoing problems by providing a power system in which carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit is reinjected into the gas turbine engine in order to improve the efficiency of the carbon capture unit, thereby providing the ability to reduce the size and weight of the carbon capture unit. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a power system that includes: a gas turbine engine that generates exhaust gas, the exhaust gas including a baseline amount of carbon dioxide by volume within the exhaust gas; and a carbon capture unit disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine that processes the exhaust gas generated by the gas turbine engine to capture at least a portion of the baseline amount of carbon dioxide included in the exhaust gas. A carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured from the exhaust gas by the carbon capture unit into a flow passage of the gas turbine engine. Injecting carbon dioxide into the flow passage of the gas turbine engine can constitute any of the following: injecting carbon dioxide into an inlet of a compressor of the gas turbine engine, injecting carbon dioxide into a compressor reverse bleed passage near a compressor discharge pressure bleed passage, or injecting carbon dioxide into a combustor of the gas turbine engine. By reinjecting a portion of the captured carbon dioxide, the total amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas can be increased above the baseline amount, and the carbon capture unit can be made to capture a higher percentage of carbon dioxide more efficiently, thereby providing the ability to reduce the size and weight of the carbon capture unit.

[0020] Referring now to the figures, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary power system 10 in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure. As Figure 1 shown, the power system 10 includes a gas turbine engine 12 that is connected via a shaft 34 to a driven element 14 to drive the driven element 14. In one aspect, the driven element 14 can be a generator that is driven to generate electricity that can be output to, for example, a land-based electrical grid or to generate electricity on a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel. In other aspects, the driven element 14 can be, for example, a mechanical system (e.g., a propulsion or driveline system for driving a locomotive or driving a marine vessel, or an oil drilling / pumping drive mechanism) driven by the gas turbine engine 12. The gas turbine engine 12 will be described in more detail below, but briefly, the gas turbine engine 12 includes a compressor section 16, a combustion section (or burner) 18, a turbine section 20, and an exhaust section 22 in a series flow relationship. The compressor section 16 draws in inlet air 24, and a series of compressor rotors (described below) within the compressor section 16 compress the inlet air 24 to generate compressed air 26 that is provided to the burner 18. The burner 18 receives the compressed air 26 from the compressor section 16 and receives fuel 28 (e.g., natural gas or liquid diesel) to mix with the compressed air 26 within the burner 18. The mixed fuel 28 and compressed air 26 are then ignited and burned within the burner 18 to generate combustion products 30. The combustion products 30 are then provided to the turbine section 20, where work is extracted from the combustion products 30 to rotate turbine rotors (described below) within the turbine section 20. The turbine section 20 is connected to the compressor section 16 via a shaft 32 such that rotation of the turbine rotors within the turbine section 20 supports rotation of the compressor rotors within the compressor section 16. The turbine section 20 can also be connected to the driven element 14 via a shaft 34 so as to drive the driven element 14 to generate electricity or provide mechanical shaft power. The remaining combustion products 30 are then exhausted as exhaust gases 36 through the exhaust section 22.

[0021] In a gas turbine engine 12, by utilizing fuel 28 and compressed air 26 to generate combustion products 30, the exhaust gas 36 may include carbon dioxide nominally between two and five percent by volume or about 3.4 percent (e.g., plus or minus a threshold amount) as a baseline amount of carbon dioxide (described below). Here, the baseline amount refers to the gas turbine engine 12 operating under normal conditions, without any carbon dioxide recirculation (described below) back into the gas turbine engine 12, and only inhaling inlet air 24 at standard temperature and pressure. Generally, the inlet air 24 includes about 0.03 percent by volume of carbon dioxide, and generating the combustion products 30 causes the exhaust gas 36 to contain about 3.4 percent by volume of carbon dioxide as the baseline amount of carbon dioxide. Although 3.4 percent will be utilized herein as the baseline amount, as described above, the baseline amount of carbon dioxide may nominally be between about two percent (2%) and about five percent (5%) by volume, but other amounts may alternatively be generated.

[0022] In Figure 1 it, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 38 may be arranged downstream of the gas turbine engine 12, and the exhaust section 22 is arranged in fluid communication with the HRSG 38. Although Figure 1 not shown therein, the HRSG may include a boiler filled with water, and the exhaust gas 36 may be utilized by the HRSG 38 to heat the water in the boiler to generate steam 40. Then, the steam 40 may be provided to a steam turbine 42 to rotate the steam turbine 42. The steam turbine 42 is connected to a driven element 44 via a shaft 46 such that rotation of the steam turbine 42 causes the driven element 44 to rotate. The driven element 44 may be similar to the driven element 14 in that the driven element 44 may be, for example, a generator for generating electricity or a mechanical system for providing mechanical shaft power.

[0023] The power system 10 further includes a carbon capture unit 48 disposed downstream of the HRSG 38, and the exhaust gas 36 flowing through the HRSG 38 is provided to the carbon capture unit 48. In one exemplary aspect, the carbon capture unit 48 can be a post-combustion capture process system based on monoethanolamine (MEA). As described above, the exhaust gas 36 generated by the gas turbine engine 12 can include approximately 3.4 percent by volume of carbon dioxide as a baseline amount. The carbon capture unit 48 will be described in more detail below, but briefly, one purpose of the carbon capture unit 48 is to process the exhaust gas 36 to extract the carbon dioxide within the exhaust gas 36 and process the extracted carbon dioxide to output the carbon dioxide 50 to the carbon dioxide storage tank 52 for storing the carbon dioxide 50. As will be described in more detail below, the power system 10 also includes a carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 that is arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide 50 as carbon dioxide 50' back into the gas turbine engine 12 in order to increase the amount of carbon dioxide contained within the exhaust gas 36 above the baseline amount.

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an exemplary carbon capture unit 48 in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure is depicted. As described above, the carbon capture unit 48 can be a post-combustion capture process system based on monoethanolamine (MEA). In Figure 2 this case, the carbon capture unit 48 can include a scrubber / quench 56 to desulfurize the exhaust gas 36. The scrubber / quench 56 is optional and may be more readily beneficial for implementation in a power system that utilizes a coal-fired system rather than a natural gas-fired gas turbine engine such as the gas turbine engine 12 of the present disclosure. A blower 58 provides assistance for the exhaust gas 36 to flow through the carbon capture unit 48 and provides the exhaust gas 36 to an absorber 60. The absorber 60 can utilize a solvent 62 stored in a solvent storage tank (not shown) to process the exhaust gas 36 to obtain a clean gas flue gas 64 that can be discharged from the carbon capture unit 48 to the atmosphere and a carbon dioxide-rich solvent 66. The carbon dioxide-rich solvent 66 is provided to a stripper 68 to strip the solvent from the carbon dioxide-rich solvent 66 and provide the recovered solvent 62' back to the solvent storage tank (not shown). The carbon dioxide 70 that has been stripped from the solvent is then provided to one or more compressors 72 to compress the carbon dioxide 70 and output the compressed carbon dioxide 50.

[0025] Figure 3Is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure. Generally, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 includes a controller 74 to control the concentration and flow rate of captured carbon dioxide 50 reinjected into the gas turbine engine 12. The carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 may include a pump 76 and a valve 78, which are controlled by the controller 74 to assist in providing a flow of captured carbon dioxide 50 exiting the carbon capture unit 48 to the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 and to assist in providing a flow of carbon dioxide 50' to be reinjected into the gas turbine engine 12. The carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 may further include a mixer 80, which is in fluid communication with the valve 78 and receives the captured carbon dioxide 50 provided to the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54. The mixer 80 may also be in fluid communication with a valve 82, which may provide a flow of air 84 (or any other gas mixture) to the mixer 8, where the valve 82 is also controlled by the controller 74. The mixer 80, controlled by the controller 74, is arranged to monitor and meter the concentration of the captured carbon dioxide 50 flowing therethrough and to be provided to the gas turbine engine 12 based on known conditions. Thus, under the control of the controller 74, the mixer 80 can adjust the concentration of carbon dioxide, if necessary, by mixing air 84 (or other gas) with the carbon dioxide 50 in order to control the concentration and flow rate of the carbon dioxide 50' to the gas turbine engine 12. Here, the controller 74 may also be in communication with another controller (not shown) of the carbon capture unit 48 in order to adjust the concentration of the carbon dioxide 50' reinjected back into the gas turbine engine 12 in order to obtain a desired amount of carbon dioxide concentration within the exhaust gas 36 processed by the carbon capture unit 48.

[0026] Figure 4FIG. 0 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary gas turbine engine 12 according to one aspect of the present disclosure. As described above, the gas turbine engine 12 includes a compressor section 16, a combustor 18, a turbine section 20, and an exhaust section 22, each section being circumferentially defined about a longitudinal centerline axis 100. Each of the compressor section 16, the combustor 18, the turbine section 20, and the exhaust section 22 is contained within a casing 85, and together the compressor section 16, the combustor 18, the turbine section 20, and the exhaust section 22 define a flow path 23. The compressor section 16 includes a compressor inlet 104 at an upstream end of the compressor section 16 to provide a flow of inlet air 24 into the compressor section 16. The compressor section 16 also includes a compressor rotor shaft assembly 86 within the casing 85, which includes a plurality of compressor rotors 88 connected to a shaft 32. Each compressor rotor 88 includes a plurality of rotor vanes that compress the inlet air 24 as the inlet air 24 passes through the compressor section 16 to generate compressed air 26. A compressor flow path 87 is defined between the casing 85 and the compressor rotor shaft assembly 86, where the inlet air 24 enters the compressor section 16, and the compressed air 26 flows through the compressor flow path 87 to the combustor 18. The compressor section 16 also includes a compressor discharge pressure (CDP) bleed structure 112 disposed at a downstream end of the compressor flow path 87. The CDP bleed structure 112 will be described in more detail below, but briefly, the CDP bleed structure 112 may be provided such that some of the compressed air 26 bleeds through it to provide to various other areas of the gas turbine engine 12, or may be provided with the ability to reinject carbon dioxide 50' back into the compressor flow path 87.

[0027] The combustor 18 receives the compressed air 26 via the compressor flow path 87. The combustor 18 includes a combustor liner (described below) and a dome structure (also described below), which define a combustion chamber 102. The combustor 18 includes a plurality of fuel nozzle assemblies 98 that are connected to the dome structure and circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal centerline axis 100. The combustor 18 may be any of a single annular combustor (SAC), a dry low emissions (DLE) combustor, a twin annular premixer swirler (TAPS) combustor, or any other type of combustor that may be implemented in a gas turbine engine. Each fuel nozzle assembly 98 receives a flow of fuel 28 and a flow of compressed air 26 and mixes the fuel 28 and the compressed air 26 together to form a fuel / air mixture that is injected into the combustion chamber 102. In the combustion chamber 102, the fuel / air mixture is ignited and burned to generate combustion products 30, which then flow as exhaust gases 36 into the turbine section 20. Thus, the combustor 18 forms part of the flow path through the gas turbine engine 12 by being in fluid communication with the compressor section 16 and the turbine section 20.

[0028] The turbine section 20 may include both a high pressure turbine 90 and a low pressure turbine 94. The high pressure turbine 90 includes a plurality of high pressure turbine rotors 92, each of which includes a plurality of turbine rotor guide vanes connected thereto, and the high pressure turbine rotors 92 are also connected to the shaft 32. As described above, the combustion products 30 flow into the turbine section 20 as the exhaust gas 36, and here, the exhaust gas 36 flows into the high pressure turbine 90, causing the high pressure turbine rotors 92 to rotate, thereby supporting the operation of the compressor section 16 by rotating the shaft 32. The low pressure turbine 94 includes a plurality of low pressure turbine rotors 96, each of which includes a plurality of turbine rotor guide vanes. The plurality of low pressure turbine rotors 96 are connected to the low pressure turbine shaft 32', and the low pressure turbine shaft 32' is also connected to the shaft 34 to drive the driven element 14( Figure 1 ). Thus, the exhaust gas 36 flowing through the low pressure turbine 94 causes the low pressure turbine rotors 96 to rotate, thereby supporting the driving of the shaft 34. Although Figure 4 not shown, each of the shaft 32 and the low pressure turbine shaft 32' is supported by corresponding bearings and frame assemblies within the gas turbine engine 12. Then, the exhaust gas 36 flows through the exhaust section 22 and into the HRSG 38, as described above with respect to Figure 1 .

[0029] The reinjection of carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 into the gas turbine engine 12 will now be described. Generally, the following description is provided for three different carbon dioxide reinjection techniques: reinjection into the inlet of the compressor section 16, reinjection into the reverse bleed passage of the compressor section 16, and reinjection into the burner 18.

[0030] Still referring to Figure 4 , the compressor inlet 104 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced inlet guide vanes 106( Figure 3shown twice). Each inlet guide vane 106 may include a manifold 108 in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54. The manifold 108 may include injection nozzles (not shown) such that the carbon dioxide 50' provided to the manifold 108 is injected into the compressor inlet 104 via the nozzles. For this aspect of injecting carbon dioxide 50' into the compressor inlet 104, the desired amount of carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas 36 to be processed by the carbon capture unit 48 may be about five percent (5%) by volume. Thus, in the case where the baseline carbon dioxide concentration generated by the gas turbine engine 12 is 3.4% by volume, the concentration of the carbon dioxide 50' provided to the compressor inlet 104 by the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 is about 1.5% by volume, so as to obtain an amount of carbon dioxide concentration of about five percent (5%) by volume in the exhaust gas 36 to be processed by the carbon capture unit 48. Therefore, the carbon capture unit 48 can generate carbon dioxide of about 3.4% by volume for storage in the carbon dioxide storage tank 52, while transferring 1.5% by volume of the captured carbon dioxide 50 to the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 for reinjection into the gas turbine engine 12.

[0031] Figure 5 is similar to Figure 1 is a schematic diagram that depicts an exemplary power system according to an aspect of the present disclosure and the amounts of carbon dioxide at various locations within the system. In Figure 5 , for the case when the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 reinjects carbon dioxide 50' into the compressor inlet 104 as shown in Figure 4 , the percentages of carbon dioxide in the entire power system 10 are depicted. In Figure 5 , elements that are the same as those in Figure 1 include the same reference numerals, and the descriptions of those elements provided above for Figure 1 also apply to Figure 5 . As described above, the inlet air 24 includes an amount of carbon dioxide of about 0.03% by volume, and the burner 18 of the gas turbine engine 12 generates a baseline amount of carbon dioxide of about 3.4% by volume in the combustion products 30. Figure 5Depicts the percentage of carbon dioxide at various locations within the power system 10 after the entire power system 10 has reached a steady operating condition. That is, generally during the initial startup phase of the gas turbine engine 12 and the power system 10, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 may not reinject carbon dioxide back into the gas turbine engine 12 until the initial startup phase has been completed (e.g., once the gas turbine engine 12 and other systems within the power system 10 itself have reached a steady operating condition). Thus, during the initial startup phase, the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36 is generally about 3.4 percent by volume (3.4%), which is the baseline amount 37 of carbon dioxide generated by the gas turbine engine 12 itself. Once the initial startup phase is completed, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can then begin to reinject carbon dioxide into the gas turbine engine 12, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 reinjects carbon dioxide in order to achieve the desired steady-state amount of carbon dioxide within the exhaust gas 36.

[0032] Alternatively, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can begin to reinject at least some of the baseline carbon dioxide generated by the gas turbine engine 12 during the initial startup phase back into the gas turbine engine 12 during the initial startup phase, and then continue to reinject carbon dioxide into the gas turbine engine 12 in order to obtain a desired amount of carbon dioxide concentration within the exhaust gas 36 to reach a steady condition.

[0033] In Figure 5 aspect, the reinjection of carbon dioxide 50' into the compressor inlet 104 ( Figure 4 ) is carried out to reinject carbon dioxide 50' into the compressor inlet 104 at a concentration between two and eight percent by volume concentration or at a concentration of approximately 3.6 percent (3.6%) as shown in Figure 5 . The reinjection of carbon dioxide 50' at the compressor inlet 104 results in a carbon dioxide concentration within the exhaust gas 36 between four percent (4%) and twelve percent (12%) by volume concentration, or as shown in Figure 5As shown, when 3.6% by volume of carbon dioxide concentration is reinjected into the compressor inlet 104, a carbon dioxide concentration of approximately 7% by volume. The carbon capture unit 48 can capture 7% by volume of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36, compress and store approximately 3.4% by volume of the carbon dioxide 50 in the carbon dioxide storage tank 52, and supply the remaining 3.6% by volume of the carbon dioxide 50 to the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 for reinjection back into the compressor inlet 104. One advantage of reinjecting CO2 into the compressor inlet 104 is that the existing anti-icing system developed for the gas turbine engine can potentially be utilized to inject anti-icing compressor air into the inlet while also injecting CO2 into the inlet via the anti-icing system. The compressor inlet reinjection method allows CO2 to be utilized under a wide range of heating or cooling conditions, depending on the ambient temperature. The 3.6% by volume of CO2 as described above only represents a percentage of the CO2 reinjected into the compressor inlet 104, and the amount of CO2 that can be reinjected into the compressor inlet 104 can be set based on various conditions, including the amount of CO2 that the compressor and engine lubrication system (e.g., oil sump hardware and lubrication) can handle without unduly degrading the system. Additionally, under the conditions of the compressor inlet 104, the auxiliary CO2 compressor does not require additional parasitic energy to compress the carbon dioxide 50'.

[0034] Figure 6 is a magnified partial cross-sectional view obtained at the detail view 110 of a part of the gas turbine engine 12 according to one aspect of the present disclosure. At Figure 4 the Figure 6In aspects, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 is in fluid communication with the compressor discharge pressure (CDP) bleed structure 112 to reinject carbon dioxide 50' into the CDP bleed structure 112 rather than into the compressor inlet 104. The CDP bleed structure 112 can be part of the compressor rear frame (CRF) structure 114 and is disposed at the downstream end of the compressor flow path 87. The CDP bleed structure 112 includes a compressor strut reinjection supply passage 143 that provides fluid communication from the CDP bleed structure 112 to the burner 18. The compressor strut reinjection supply passage 143 is arranged to supply a flow of carbon dioxide 50' through the inner shell 158 of the burner 18 into an internal flow passage 162 between the inner shell 158 and the internal liner 142 of the burner 18 and downstream of the dome structure 144 of the burner 18. In this way, the reinjected carbon dioxide 50' can be provided downstream of the fuel nozzle assembly 98 and the dome structure 144 such that the reinjected carbon dioxide 50' has little effect on the combustion of the fuel and air mixture in the main combustion zone of the combustion chamber 102. Instead, the reinjected carbon dioxide 50' can flow through various openings (not shown) in the burner liner into the downstream portion of the combustion chamber 102 and / or into the turbine section 20.

[0035] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the CRF structure 114 according to one aspect of the present disclosure at Figure 4 plane 7-7 (plane 7-7 is also shown in part in Figure 6 ) is obtained. In Figure 7In [the figure], it is seen that the CRF structure 114 includes a plurality of CRF struts circumferentially spaced around the longitudinal centerline axis 100, including a first CRF strut 116, a second CRF strut 118, a third CRF strut 120, a fourth CRF strut 122, a fifth CRF strut 124, a sixth CRF strut 126, a seventh CRF strut 128, an eighth CRF strut 130, a ninth CRF strut 132, and a tenth CRF strut 134. Each of the first CRF strut 116 and the fifth through tenth CRF struts 124 - 134 includes a respective bleed passage therein that supplies a flow of compressed air bled from the CRF structure 114 to various systems within an aircraft (not shown) to which the gas turbine engine 12 is mounted, to another location within the gas turbine engine 12 itself, or simply discharges from the gas turbine engine 12. On the other hand, the second CRF strut 118 may include a first compressor reverse bleed passage 137 within the second CRF strut 118, a second compressor reverse bleed passage 139 within the third CRF strut 120, and a third compressor reverse bleed passage 141 within the fourth CRF strut 122. The first compressor reverse bleed passage 137 and the second compressor reverse bleed passage 139 are arranged to be in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 to receive a flow of carbon dioxide 50' from the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54. The third compressor reverse bleed passage 141 may be in fluid communication with a compressor strut reinjection supply passage 143 to supply a flow of reinjected carbon dioxide 50' to the combustor 18. Thus, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can provide a flow of carbon dioxide 50' as a reverse bleed flow (e.g., a flow into rather than out of the CRF structure 114) to reinject a portion of the carbon dioxide 50 as carbon dioxide 50' back into the flow path of the gas turbine engine 12. Now, regarding Figure 8 the amount of carbon dioxide 50' reinjected back into the flow path of the gas turbine engine 12 via the first compressor reverse bleed passage 137, via the second compressor reverse bleed passage 139, or the third compressor reverse bleed passage 141 will be described.

[0036] Figure 8 is similar to Figure 1 a schematic diagram that depicts an exemplary power system according to another aspect of the present disclosure and the amount of carbon dioxide at various locations within the system. In Figure 8 it, for when the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 is as Figure 6 and Figure 7The case where carbon dioxide is reinjected into the gas turbine engine 12 via the CRF structure 114 (e.g., via the first compressor reverse bleed passage 137, the second compressor reverse bleed passage 139, or the third compressor reverse bleed passage 141) is shown, depicting the percentage of carbon dioxide in the entire power system 10. In Figure 8 the elements identical to the elements in Figure 1 include the same reference numerals, and the descriptions provided above for the elements in Figure 1 also apply to the elements in Figure 8 . As described above, the inlet air 24 includes a carbon dioxide amount of approximately 0.03% (0.03 vol%) carbon dioxide by volume, and the burner 18 of the gas turbine engine 12 generates a baseline carbon dioxide amount of approximately 3.4% (3.4 vol%) carbon dioxide in the combustion products 30. Figure 8 Depicts the percentage of carbon dioxide at various locations within the power system 10 after the entire power system 10 has reached a steady-state operating condition. That is, as described above for Figure 5 , generally during the initial startup phase of the gas turbine engine 12 and the power system 10, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 may not reinject carbon dioxide back into the gas turbine engine 12 until the initial startup phase has been completed (e.g., once the other systems within the gas turbine engine 12 and the power system 10 themselves have reached a steady-state operating condition). Thus, during the initial startup phase, the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36 may generally be approximately 3.4% (3.4 vol%), which is the baseline amount 37 of carbon dioxide generated by the gas turbine engine 12 itself. Once the initial startup phase is completed, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can then begin to reinject carbon dioxide into the gas turbine engine 12, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 reinjects carbon dioxide in order to achieve a desired steady-state amount of carbon dioxide within the exhaust gas 36. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can begin to reinject at least some of the baseline carbon dioxide generated by the gas turbine engine 12 during the initial startup phase back into the gas turbine engine 12 during the initial startup phase, and then continue to reinject carbon dioxide into the gas turbine engine 12 in order to obtain a desired amount of carbon dioxide concentration within the exhaust gas 36 to reach a steady-state condition.

[0037] In Figure 8 aspect, the reinjection of carbon dioxide 50' into the CRF structure 114 (e.g., via the first compressor reverse bleed passage 137, the second compressor reverse bleed passage 139, or the third compressor reverse bleed passage 141) is performed to be between three (3%) and eight (8%) by volume or as Figure 81. The carbon dioxide is reinjected into the CRF structure 114 at a concentration of approximately five.6 percent (5.6%) by volume. The reinjection of carbon dioxide 50' at the CRF structure 114 results in a carbon dioxide concentration within the exhaust gas 36 of between four percent (4%) and fourteen percent (14%) by volume, or as shown in FIG. Figure 8 , in the case when 5.6 percent (5.6%) by volume is reinjected into the CRF structure 114, the carbon dioxide concentration is approximately 9 percent (9%) by volume, and the carbon capture unit 48 can capture 9 percent (9%) of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36, compress and store approximately 3.4 percent (3.4%) by volume of the carbon dioxide 50 in the carbon dioxide storage tank 52, and provide the remaining 5.6 percent (5.6%) by volume of the carbon dioxide 50 to the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 for reinjection back into the CRF structure 114. The 5.6 percent (5.6%) by volume of CO2 provided to the CRF structure 114 is merely an example amount of CO2 for reinjection into the CRF structure 114, and the present disclosure is not limited to reinjecting 5.6 percent (5.6%) of CO2 into the CRF structure 114. Some benefits of providing CO2 reinjection through a reverse compressor bleed passage include: (1) reducing the impact of higher levels of CO2 on compressor material durability and the potential for carbonic acid to be introduced into the compressor, (2) less CO2 enters the engine lubrication sump where it could go into solution with the lubricating oil and reduce its viscosity, (3) the compressor itself does not have to provide energy to compress the CO2 to the compressor discharge temperature, (4) the impact of CO2 on combustion air composition can be reduced if the CO2 is introduced downstream of the combustor dome inlet, and (5) existing reverse bleed systems in gas turbine engines that introduce steam into the CRF bleed passage can be used for CO2 reinjection. The ability to separate the CO2 downstream of the combustor dome can also enable higher reinjection CO2 concentrations to optimize overall system cost / weight.

[0038] Figure 9 A combustor 18 of a gas turbine engine 12 according to one aspect of the present disclosure is Figure 6 FIG. 1 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken at detail view 136 of FIG. 1. The combustor 18 includes a combustor liner 138 including an outer liner 140 and an inner liner 142, wherein each of the outer liner 140 and the inner liner 142 extends circumferentially about the longitudinal centerline axis 100. The combustor 18 also includes a dome structure 144 connected between the outer liner 140 and the inner liner 142 and also extending circumferentially about the longitudinal centerline axis 100. The outer liner 140, the inner liner 142, and the dome structure 144 define the combustion chamber 102.

[0039] The burner 18 includes an outer housing 85 surrounding an outer liner 140 and an inner housing 158 surrounding an inner liner 142. An outer flow passage 160 is defined between the outer housing 85 and the outer liner 140, and an inner flow passage 162 is defined between the inner housing 158 and the inner liner 142. When compressed air 26 flows from the compressor section 16 into the burner 18, a portion of the compressed air 26 (shown schematically as compressed air 26a) flows into the outer flow passage 160. Similarly, another portion of the compressed air 26 (shown schematically as compressed air 26b) flows into the inner flow passage 162. At least a portion of the compressed air 26a flows through openings in the outer liner 140 into the combustion chamber 102, and at least a portion of the compressed air 26b flows through openings in the inner liner 142 into the combustion chamber 102.

[0040] As described above, the burner 18 includes a plurality of fuel nozzle assemblies 98 ( Figure 9 one of which is shown in the ) that are connected to the dome structure 144 and circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal centerline axis 100. Figure 9 The burner 18 shown in the may be referred to as a single annular combustor (SAC), but as described above, other types of burners may alternatively be implemented, including dry low emissions (DLE) burners, twin annular premix swirler (TAPS) burners, or any other type of burner. Figure 9 The fuel nozzle assembly 98 depicted in the may include a swirler assembly 148 and a fuel nozzle tip 150 centered within the swirler assembly 148. A fairing structure 146 is connected to the outer liner 140, the inner liner 142, and the dome structure 144 to define a plenum chamber 152 surrounding the fuel nozzle assembly 98. The fairing structure 146 includes air flow openings 154 that allow a flow of the compressed air 26 to flow into the plenum chamber 152 where the compressed air 26 can then flow through the swirler assembly 148. The fuel nozzle assembly 98 includes a fuel supply line 156 that provides a flow of fuel 28 to the fuel nozzle tip 150 that injects the fuel 28 into the swirler assembly 148 such that the fuel 28 is mixed with the compressed air 26 passing through the swirler assembly 148 to form a fuel / air mixture within the swirler assembly 148. In Figure 9In aspects, the fuel nozzle assembly 98 may further include a carbon dioxide supply line 164 that provides a supply of carbon dioxide 50' to the fuel nozzle tip 150. The carbon dioxide 50' may be injected from the fuel nozzle tip 150 into the swirler assembly 148 to mix with the fuel 28 injected into the swirler assembly 148 by the fuel nozzle tip 150 and with the compressed air 26 flowing through the swirler assembly 148 such that a fuel / air / carbon dioxide mixture 166 is injected into the combustion chamber 102. The fuel / air / carbon dioxide mixture 166 is then ignited by an igniter 168 and burned within the combustion chamber 102 to generate combustion products 30, which then flow as exhaust gases 36 into the turbine section 20.

[0041] Although Figure 9 Examples are provided of injecting carbon dioxide 50' into the burner 18 by injecting carbon dioxide 50' through the swirler assembly 148 via the fuel nozzle tip 150, but other arrangements for injecting carbon dioxide 50' into the burner 18 may be implemented instead. For example, rather than the carbon dioxide supply line 164 providing a flow of carbon dioxide 50' to the swirler assembly 148, the carbon dioxide supply line 164 may be arranged to inject carbon dioxide 50' into the external flow passage 160 such that the carbon dioxide 50' mixes with the compressed air 26a in the external flow passage 160 and then the mixture of carbon dioxide 50' and compressed air 26a flows through an opening in the outer liner 140 into the combustion chamber 102. In another example, the carbon dioxide supply line 164 may be arranged within the fuel nozzle assembly 98 to inject carbon dioxide 50' into the plenum chamber 152 such that the carbon dioxide 50' mixes with the compressed air 26 within the plenum chamber 152 before the carbon dioxide / compressed air mixture flows through the swirler assembly 148 to mix with the fuel 28 injected into the swirler assembly 148 by the fuel nozzle tip 150. In yet another alternative aspect, a carbon dioxide supply line having a nozzle (not shown) may be arranged to extend through the housing 85, through the external flow passage 160 and through the outer liner 140 to inject carbon dioxide 50' directly into the combustion chamber 102. Other arrangements for injecting carbon dioxide 50' into the burner 18 may also be implemented.

[0042] Figure 10 is similar to Figure 1 is a schematic diagram that depicts an exemplary power system according to another aspect of the present disclosure and the amount of carbon dioxide at various locations within the system. In Figure 10 it, the percentage of carbon dioxide in the overall power system 10 is depicted for the case when the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 injects carbon dioxide into the burner 18 as shown in Figure 9 for example, via the fuel nozzle assembly 98. In Figure 10 it, in comparison withFigure 1 Elements identical to the elements include the same reference numerals, and the descriptions provided above for Figure 1 those elements also apply to Figure 10 . As described above, the inlet air 24 includes approximately 0.03% (0.03 vol%) carbon dioxide by volume, and the burner 18 of the gas turbine engine 12 generates a baseline carbon dioxide amount of approximately 3.4% (3.4 vol%) carbon dioxide in the combustion products 30. Figure 8 Depicts the percentage of carbon dioxide at various locations within the power system 10 after the power system 10 has reached a steady-state operating condition. That is, as described above for Figure 5 and for Figure 8 , generally during the initial startup phase of the gas turbine engine 12 and the power system 10, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 may not reinject carbon dioxide back into the gas turbine engine 12 until the initial startup phase has been completed (e.g., once other systems within the gas turbine engine 12 and the power system 10 themselves have reached a steady-state operating condition). Thus, during the initial startup phase, the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36 may be approximately 3.4% (3.4 vol%) by volume, which is the baseline amount 37 of carbon dioxide generated by the gas turbine engine 12 itself. Once the initial startup phase is completed, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can then begin to reinject carbon dioxide into the gas turbine engine 12, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 reinjects carbon dioxide in order to achieve a desired steady-state amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 can begin to reinject at least some of the baseline carbon dioxide generated by the gas turbine engine 12 during the initial startup phase back into the gas turbine engine 12, and then continue to reinject carbon dioxide into the gas turbine engine 12 in order to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide within the exhaust gas 36 to reach a steady-state condition.

[0043] In Figure 10 aspect, the reinjection of carbon dioxide 50' into the burner 18 (e.g., via the fuel nozzle assembly 98) is performed to reinject the carbon dioxide 50' into the burner 18 at a concentration between 1% (1 vol%) and 11% (11 vol%) by volume or at a carbon dioxide concentration of approximately 10.6% (10.6 vol%) by volume as shown in Figure 10 . The reinjection of carbon dioxide 50' at the burner 18 results in a carbon dioxide concentration within the exhaust gas 36 between 4% (4 vol%) and 14% (14 vol%) by volume, or as shown in Figure 10As shown, in the case where a concentration of 10.6% by volume is reinjected into the combustor 18, the carbon dioxide concentration is 14% by volume. The carbon capture unit 48 can capture 14% by volume of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas 36, compress and store approximately 3.4% by volume of the carbon dioxide 50 in the carbon dioxide storage tank 52, and supply the remaining 10.6% by volume of the carbon dioxide 50 to the carbon dioxide reinjection system 54 for reinjection back into the combustor 18. Reinjecting 10.6% by volume of the CO2 in the CO2 into the combustor 18 is merely an example of the amount of CO2 that can be reinjected into the combustor 18, and other percentages can be implemented, taking into account the various combustion conditions within the combustor 18, in order to provide combustion flame stability without starving the combustor 18 of sufficient oxygen required for combustion. Some of the benefits of reinjecting CO2 through the fuel nozzle are: 1) reducing the impact on the durability of the compressor material that would otherwise occur at higher CO2 levels and the likelihood of carbonic acid affecting the compressor and other engine structures, 2) less CO2 entering the oil sump and into the solution, reducing the viscosity of the oil, 3) the compressor not having to supply energy to compress the CO2 to the compressor discharge temperature, 4) the CO2 can provide cooling in the fuel nozzle passage to reduce the risk of coking, and 5) the effect on the combustion fuel / air / CO2 composition at the flame front can be directly controlled and adjusted to optimize the exhaust emissions and burner acoustic margin. The ability to optimize the CO2 injection pattern directly at the flame front can enable higher reinjected CO2 concentrations to be achieved, optimizing the cost / weight of the overall system.

[0044] Although the foregoing description generally relates to a power system including a gas turbine engine in a land-based power plant, the power system can also be implemented in other environments. For example, the power system can be implemented in offshore applications, such as on an oil production platform in open water (e.g., the ocean). Providing a carbon dioxide reinjection system for reinjecting carbon dioxide back into the gas turbine engine in order to provide a more efficient carbon capture unit may be more advantageous for offshore applications. The present disclosure can be provided to reduce both the size and weight of the carbon capture unit, which is more advantageous for offshore applications where the space available for the power system is more limited and where weight reduction is an important factor.

[0045] A further aspect of the present disclosure is provided by the subject matter of the following clauses.

[0046] A power system includes: a gas turbine engine including a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section defining a flow path in a series flow relationship, the combustion section generating a baseline volume amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine, a carbon capture unit disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine and processing the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine to capture the carbon dioxide contained in the output exhaust gas, including the baseline amount of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion section; and a carbon dioxide reinjection system arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured from the output exhaust gas by the carbon capture unit into the flow path of the gas turbine engine so as to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine above the baseline amount of carbon dioxide.

[0047] The power system according to the preceding clause, wherein the combustion section of the gas turbine engine includes one of a dry low emissions burner, a single annular burner, or a dual annular premix burner.

[0048] The power system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the combustion of the fuel and air mixture within the combustion section of the gas turbine engine generates a baseline volume amount of carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas.

[0049] The power system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the flow path to control the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine.

[0050] The power system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the baseline volume amount of carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas includes carbon dioxide between two and five percent by volume, and the volume amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the gas turbine engine by the carbon dioxide reinjection system includes carbon dioxide from two to fifteen percent by volume.

[0051] The power system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the compressor section includes a compressor reverse bleed passage, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the compressor section via the compressor reverse bleed passage.

[0052] The power system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the compressor section includes a compressor aft frame structure including a plurality of struts, and the compressor reverse bleed passage is included within at least one of the plurality of struts.

[0053] The power system according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor reverse bleed passage so as to obtain carbon dioxide between four and fourteen percent by volume in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine.

[0054] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected to inject carbon dioxide in an amount between three and eight percent by volume into the compressor reverse bleed passage.

[0055] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the compressor section includes a compressor inlet, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to inject a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the compressor inlet.

[0056] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the compressor inlet includes a manifold, and carbon dioxide is injected into the compressor inlet via the manifold.

[0057] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor inlet so as to obtain carbon dioxide in an amount between four and twelve percent by volume in the output exhaust gas processed by the carbon capture unit.

[0058] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected to inject carbon dioxide in an amount between two and eight percent by volume into the compressor inlet.

[0059] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the combustion section includes a fuel nozzle assembly arranged to inject a fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to inject a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly so as to mix with the fuel-air mixture.

[0060] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly so as to obtain carbon dioxide in an amount between four and fourteen percent by volume in the output exhaust gas.

[0061] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected to reinject carbon dioxide in an amount between one and ten percent by volume into the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly.

[0062] For the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising: a heat recovery steam generator arranged downstream of the gas turbine engine, the heat recovery steam generator using the output exhaust gas from the gas turbine engine to generate steam; and a steam turbine in fluid communication with the heat recovery steam generator, the steam turbine receiving the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator to rotate the steam turbine.

[0063] A power system according to any of the preceding clauses further includes: a first driven element connected to a gas turbine engine for being driven by the gas turbine engine; and a second driven element connected to a steam turbine for being driven by the steam turbine.

[0064] In the power system according to any of the preceding clauses, the first driven element is one of a first electrical power generator, a first driveline system, or a first mechanical drive system, and the second driven element is one of a second power generator, a second driveline system, or a second mechanical drive system.

[0065] A gas turbine engine includes: (a) a compressor section defining a flow path in a series flow relationship, including a compressor inlet and a compressor reverse bleed passage; (b) a combustion section including a combustion chamber and a fuel nozzle assembly arranged to inject a fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber; (c) a turbine section; and (d) an exhaust section. The gas turbine engine outputs exhaust gas including carbon dioxide, and the output exhaust gas includes a baseline volume of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion section in the output exhaust gas; and a carbon dioxide reinjection system arranged to receive carbon dioxide from a carbon capture unit that captures carbon dioxide from the output exhaust gas and reinject at least a portion of the received carbon dioxide into the flow path of the gas turbine engine. The carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject carbon dioxide into one of the compressor inlet, the compressor reverse bleed passage, or the combustion chamber via the fuel nozzle assembly.

[0066] In the gas turbine engine according to the preceding clause, the gas turbine engine includes one of a dry low emissions burner, a single annular burner, or a dual annular premix burner.

[0067] In the gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, the combustion of the fuel and air mixture within the combustion section of the gas turbine engine generates a baseline volume of carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas.

[0068] In the gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the flow passage to control the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine.

[0069] In the gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, the baseline volume of carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas includes carbon dioxide by volume between two percent and five percent, and the volume of carbon dioxide by volume reinjected into the gas turbine engine by the carbon dioxide reinjection system includes carbon dioxide by volume from two percent to fifteen percent.

[0070] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the compressor section via a compressor reverse bleed passage.

[0071] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the compressor section includes a compressor rear frame structure that includes a plurality of struts, and the compressor reverse bleed passage is included within at least one of the plurality of struts.

[0072] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor reverse bleed passage so as to obtain between four and fourteen percent by volume of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine.

[0073] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected to inject between three and eight percent by volume of carbon dioxide into the compressor reverse bleed passage.

[0074] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to inject a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the compressor inlet.

[0075] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the compressor inlet includes a manifold, and the carbon dioxide is injected into the compressor inlet via the manifold.

[0076] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor inlet so as to obtain between four and twelve percent by volume of carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas processed by the carbon capture unit.

[0077] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected to inject between two and eight percent by volume of carbon dioxide into the compressor inlet.

[0078] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to inject a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit into the combustion chamber via a fuel nozzle assembly so as to mix with the fuel-air mixture.

[0079] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein a carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the combustion chamber via a fuel nozzle assembly so as to obtain between four and fourteen percent by volume of carbon dioxide in the output exhaust gas.

[0080] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein a carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected to reinject between one and ten percent by volume of carbon dioxide into the combustion chamber via a fuel nozzle assembly.

[0081] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising: a heat recovery steam generator arranged downstream of the exhaust section, the heat recovery steam generator using the output exhaust gas to generate steam; and a steam turbine in fluid communication with the heat recovery steam generator, the steam turbine receiving the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator to rotate the steam turbine.

[0082] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, further comprising: a first driven element connected to the gas turbine engine so as to be driven by the gas turbine engine; and a second driven element connected to the steam turbine so as to be driven by the steam turbine.

[0083] A gas turbine engine according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the first driven element is one of a first electrical power generator, a first driveline system or a first mechanical drive system, and the second driven element is one of a second power generator, a second driveline system or a second mechanical drive system.

[0084] Although the foregoing description is directed to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, other variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, even if not explicitly stated above, features described in connection with one embodiment of the present disclosure may be used in combination with other embodiments.

Claims

1. A power system, comprising: A gas turbine engine including a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section defining a flow passage in a series flow relationship, the combustion section generating a baseline volume of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine; A carbon capture unit disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine to process the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine and capture the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas, including the baseline volume of carbon dioxide generated by the combustion section; and A carbon dioxide reinjection system fluidly coupled to the carbon capture unit and arranged to reinject at least a portion of the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon capture unit from the exhaust gas into the flow passage of the gas turbine engine via at least one carbon dioxide reinjection supply line so as to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine above the baseline volume of carbon dioxide.

2. The power system according to claim 1, wherein The combustion section of the gas turbine engine includes one of a dry low emissions burner, a single annular burner, or a dual annular premix burner.

3. The power system according to claim 1, wherein Combustion of the fuel and air mixture within the combustion section of the gas turbine engine generates the baseline volume of carbon dioxide by volume in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine.

4. The power system according to claim 1, further comprising: A heat recovery steam generator disposed downstream of the gas turbine engine, the heat recovery steam generator using the output exhaust gas from the gas turbine engine to generate steam; And A steam turbine in fluid communication with the heat recovery steam generator, the steam turbine receiving the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator to rotate the steam turbine.

5. The power system according to claim 4, further comprising: A first driven element connected to the gas turbine engine to be driven by the gas turbine engine; And A second driven element connected to the steam turbine to be driven by the steam turbine.

6. The power system according to claim 5, wherein, The first driven element is one of a first electrical power generator, a first driveline system, or a first mechanical drive system, and the second driven element is one of a second power generator, a second driveline system, or a second mechanical drive system.

7. The power system according to claim 1, wherein The compressor section includes a compressor reverse bleed passage, and the carbon dioxide reinjection system is arranged to reinject carbon dioxide into the compressor section via the compressor reverse bleed passage.

8. The power system according to claim 7, wherein, The compressor section includes a compressor rear frame structure including a plurality of struts, and the compressor reverse bleed passage is included within at least one of the plurality of struts.

9. The power system according to claim 8, wherein, The carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor reverse bleed passage so as to obtain between four percent and fourteen percent by volume of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas output by the gas turbine engine.

10. The power system according to claim 9, wherein The carbon dioxide reinjection system controls the amount of carbon dioxide reinjected into the compressor reverse bleed passage to be carbon dioxide between three and eight percent by volume.

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