Device and method for capturing tail gas carbon of land carrier
Through the diverting structure and regulating valves and other devices, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is divided into two channels, which solves the exhaust backpressure problem, realizes efficient capture and storage of carbon dioxide, and ensures the normal operation of the internal combustion engine.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510761397.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-26
AI Technical Summary
During the working process of the existing exhaust carbon dioxide capture device of the land vehicle of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust back pressure exceeds the range that the internal combustion engine can withstand, affecting the normal operation of the internal combustion engine.
The exhaust gas is divided into two channels using a diverting structure, one is connected to the atmosphere, and the other is separated and stored in carbon dioxide. The exhaust gas flow and pressure are adjusted through valves, venturi pipes and variable diameter pipes to avoid excessive exhaust back pressure.
When the internal combustion engine is operating at low and high loads, the exhaust gas is processed separately to avoid the exhaust back pressure exceeding the range that the internal combustion engine can withstand normally, ensure the normal operation of the internal combustion engine, and improve the capture efficiency and storage capacity of carbon dioxide.
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Figure CN120537622A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of exhaust gas treatment, and in particular to a device and method for capturing carbon from exhaust gas of a land vehicle. Background Art
[0002] Emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, from the transportation sector are closely linked to climate change. The exhaust of land vehicles powered by internal combustion engines contains significant amounts of carbon dioxide, and the exhaust temperature is high, providing abundant carbon sources and waste heat. Existing carbon dioxide capture devices for land vehicles powered by internal combustion engines are installed at the rear end of the engine's exhaust aftertreatment system. When carbon dioxide passes through the capture device, it creates backpressure, impacting the engine's exhaust. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, avoid exhaust back pressure exceeding the normal tolerable range of the internal combustion engine, and thus not affect the normal operation of the internal combustion engine.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
[0005] The present invention provides a land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device, comprising:
[0006] a diversion structure, wherein the inlet of the diversion structure is used to connect to a land vehicle, and the first outlet of the diversion structure is used to communicate with the atmosphere;
[0007] a carbon dioxide separation structure, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure is connected to the second outlet of the diversion structure, and the carbon dioxide separation structure is used to separate carbon dioxide;
[0008] A carbon dioxide storage structure, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage structure is connected to the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure, and the carbon dioxide storage structure is used to store carbon dioxide.
[0009] In some specific embodiments, a valve is further included, wherein the inlet of the valve is connected to the first outlet of the diversion structure, and the outlet of the valve is connected to the atmosphere. The valve is a self-operated pressure regulating valve or an electric regulating valve, and when the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure is greater than or equal to the set value, the valve opens.
[0010] In some specific embodiments, a pressure sensor is further included. The pressure sensor is located between the inlet of the diverter structure and the land vehicle, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of the inlet of the diverter structure.
[0011] In some specific embodiments, a controller is further included, and the pressure sensor and the valve are electrically connected to the controller. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure is greater than or equal to a set value, the controller controls the valve to open.
[0012] In some specific embodiments, a venturi tube is further included, wherein a first inlet of the venturi tube is connected to an outlet of the valve, and an outlet of the venturi tube is communicated with the atmosphere.
[0013] In some embodiments, the second outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure is connected to the second inlet of the venturi tube.
[0014] In some specific embodiments, a reducer is further included, which is located between the second outlet of the diversion structure and the carbon dioxide separation structure. The inlet of the reducer is connected to the second outlet of the diversion structure, and the outlet of the reducer is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure. The size of the reducer gradually increases from the inlet of the reducer to the outlet of the reducer.
[0015] In some specific embodiments, the carbon dioxide storage structure is filled with a metal-organic framework material.
[0016] In some specific embodiments, a vacuum pump and a compressor are provided between the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure and the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage structure.
[0017] The present invention also provides a carbon capture method using the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device, comprising:
[0018] When the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure is lower than the set value, the exhaust gas of the land vehicle enters the carbon dioxide separation structure through the inlet of the separation structure and the second outlet of the diversion structure for separation, and the separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure for storage;
[0019] When the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure is greater than or equal to the set value, the exhaust gas of the land vehicle enters the carbon dioxide separation structure through the inlet of the separation structure and the second outlet of the diversion structure for separation, and the separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure for storage. At the same time, the exhaust gas of the land vehicle enters the atmosphere through the inlet of the separation structure and the first outlet of the diversion structure.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:
[0021] The present invention uses a diversion structure to divide exhaust gas into two paths: one path is connected to the atmosphere, and the other path is equipped with a carbon dioxide separation structure to capture carbon dioxide. When the internal combustion engine is operating at low load, the exhaust flow rate is low, and the exhaust gas enters the carbon dioxide separation structure for carbon dioxide capture. When the internal combustion engine is operating at high load, the exhaust gas enters the carbon dioxide separation structure for carbon dioxide capture and is simultaneously discharged into the atmosphere. This ensures that the addition of the exhaust carbon capture device for land vehicles of the present invention can prevent exhaust backpressure from exceeding the normal tolerance range of the internal combustion engine, without affecting the normal operation of the internal combustion engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.
[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device in some embodiments of the present invention;
[0024] In the figure: 100-land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device, 1-diversion structure, 2-carbon dioxide separation structure, 3-valve, 4-venturi tube, 5-reducing pipe, 6-vacuum pump, 7-compressor, 8-carbon dioxide storage structure, 9-internal combustion engine, 10-after-treatment system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, avoid exhaust back pressure exceeding the normal tolerable range of the internal combustion engine, and thus not affect the normal operation of the internal combustion engine.
[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0028] Example 1
[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100, comprising:
[0030] A diversion structure 1, wherein the inlet of the diversion structure 1 is connected to a post-processing system 10 of an internal combustion engine 9 (the internal combustion engine 9 includes an internal combustion engine 9 using gasoline, diesel, methanol, or other fuels) of a land vehicle, and the first outlet of the diversion structure 1 is connected to the atmosphere;
[0031] a carbon dioxide separation structure 2, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 is connected to the second outlet of the diversion structure 1, and the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 is used to separate carbon dioxide;
[0032] The carbon dioxide storage structure 8 has an inlet connected to the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 , and is used to store carbon dioxide.
[0033] In some specific implementation modes of the embodiments, the diversion structure 1 is a structure such as a T-tube, a Y-tube or a ball valve, and the exhaust gas is divided into two paths through the diversion structure 1.
[0034] In some specific embodiments, the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of this embodiment also includes a valve 3, the inlet of the valve 3 is connected to the first outlet of the diversion structure 1, and the outlet of the valve 3 is connected to the atmosphere. When the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure 1 is greater than or equal to the set value, the valve 3 opens.
[0035] In some specific embodiments, the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of this embodiment further includes a venturi tube 4 , a first inlet of the venturi tube 4 is connected to the outlet of the valve 3 , and the outlet of the venturi tube 4 is connected to the atmosphere.
[0036] In some specific embodiments, the valve 3 is a self-operated pressure regulating valve or an electric regulating valve.
[0037] In some specific embodiments, the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of this embodiment further includes a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is located between the inlet of the diversion structure 1 and the land vehicle. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure 1 .
[0038] In some specific embodiments, the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of this embodiment also includes a controller, and the pressure sensor and the valve 3 are electrically connected to the controller. When the pressure sensor monitors that the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure 1 is greater than or equal to the set value, the controller controls the opening and opening degree of the valve 3.
[0039] In this embodiment, the valve 3 adopts two forms: one is a self-operated pressure regulating valve, which can make the pressure value at which the self-operated pressure regulating valve opens the same as the set value. When the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 reaches the set value, the self-operated pressure regulating valve opens under the action of the exhaust gas pressure. The greater the exhaust gas pressure, the greater the opening of the self-operated pressure regulating valve. The opening of the self-operated pressure regulating valve allows the exhaust gas to be discharged from the first outlet of the diverter structure 1 to the atmosphere, and to enter the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 through the second outlet of the diverter structure 1 for separation, and to be stored after separation; the other is an electric regulating valve, which is used in conjunction with the electric regulating valve, a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 and transmits it to the controller. When the pressure sensor monitors that the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 reaches the set value, the controller controls the electric regulating valve to open, so that the exhaust gas can be discharged from the first outlet of the diverter structure 1 to the atmosphere, and to enter the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 through the second outlet of the diverter structure 1 for separation, and to be stored after separation.
[0040] In some embodiments, the second outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 is connected to the second inlet of the venturi tube 4, and the second inlet of the venturi tube 4 is located at the throat of the venturi tube 4. In the carbon dioxide separation structure 2, in addition to the separated and stored carbon dioxide, the remaining gas can be directly discharged into the atmosphere or passed into the second inlet of the venturi tube 4 and into the throat of the venturi tube 4. The throat of the venturi tube 4 has a lower pressure, which provides a suction force for the carbon dioxide separation structure 2, thereby promoting the flow of gas discharged from the second outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 and helping the gas flow to pass smoothly through the carbon dioxide separation structure 2.
[0041] In some specific embodiments, the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 adopts existing technology and can use adsorption method, absorption method, membrane separation method and the like to separate carbon dioxide from the tail gas.
[0042] In some specific embodiments, the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of this embodiment further includes a reducer 5, which is located between the second outlet of the diverter structure 1 and the carbon dioxide separation structure 2. The inlet of the reducer 5 is connected to the second outlet of the diverter structure 1, and the outlet of the reducer 5 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2. The size of the reducer 5 gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet of the reducer. The reducer 5 can reduce the flow rate of the exhaust gas and increase its pressure. The reduced flow rate of the exhaust gas can better capture carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide separation structure 2, while the increased pressure of the exhaust gas is more conducive to the flow of the exhaust gas in the device, facilitating the exhaust gas to enter and pass through the carbon dioxide separation structure 2.
[0043] In some embodiments, a vacuum pump 6 and a compressor 7 are provided between the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 and the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage structure 8. The carbon dioxide separated by the carbon dioxide separation structure passes through the vacuum pump 6 and the compressor 7 and enters the carbon dioxide storage structure 8.
[0044] In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide storage structure 8 is filled with a metal-organic framework material. The carbon dioxide storage structure 8 can be a stainless steel canister. The metal-organic framework material can be Al-soc-MOF-1, MOF-177, or the like. The specific material can be selected based on demand. At relatively low pressure (30-45 bar) and room temperature, the carbon dioxide storage capacity per unit volume exceeds that of directly compressed carbon dioxide by 6-15 times, significantly improving the vehicle's carbon dioxide storage capacity.
[0045] This embodiment uses a diversion structure 1 to divide exhaust gas into two paths. The first path is equipped with a valve 3 and a venturi tube 4, while the second path is equipped with a reducer 5, a carbon dioxide separation structure 2, a vacuum pump 6, a compressor 7, and a carbon dioxide storage structure 8. The exhaust gas flow rate in the first path is controlled by valve 3. When the internal combustion engine 9 is operating at low load, the exhaust flow rate is low and the pressure in the flow path is low. Valve 3 is closed, and exhaust gas does not enter the first path. When the internal combustion engine 9 is operating at high load, the exhaust flow rate is high and the pressure in the flow path increases. Valve 3 opens with the pressure increase, and some exhaust gas is discharged from the first path through the rear venturi tube 4 into the atmosphere. The second path is equipped with a reducer 5, which is a gradually expanding tube. As the exhaust gas passes through the reducer 5, the flow rate decreases and the pressure increases. The reduced flow rate allows the exhaust gas to better capture carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide separation structure 2, while the increased pressure facilitates the exhaust gas's flow through the device and facilitates its entry into the carbon dioxide separation structure 2. The carbon dioxide separation structure 2 uses adsorption, absorption, membrane separation and other methods to separate the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. The separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure 8 after passing through the vacuum pump 6 and the compressor 7. The carbon dioxide storage structure 8 is filled with metal-organic framework materials, which can greatly improve the storage capacity of the vehicle's carbon dioxide; the remaining gas in the exhaust gas is passed into the second inlet of the venturi tube 4 and enters the throat of the venturi tube 4. The throat pressure of the venturi tube 4 is relatively low, which can promote the flow of gas discharged from the second outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2.
[0046] This embodiment designs a carbon capture system specifically for the onboard internal combustion engine 9, fully considering the exhaust backpressure and product gas storage space issues of the internal combustion engine 9. It also considers improving efficiency by adding structures such as a reducer 5 and a venturi tube 4. This embodiment utilizes a diverter structure 1 to split the exhaust gas into two paths, separating the exhaust gas passing through the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 from the exhaust gas directly discharged into the atmosphere. This ensures that the addition of this embodiment's exhaust gas carbon capture device 100 for land-based vehicles can prevent exhaust backpressure from exceeding the normal tolerable range of the internal combustion engine 9. This embodiment utilizes a valve 3 to ensure that exhaust gas enters the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 within an acceptable exhaust backpressure range. When exhaust backpressure is high, the valve automatically adjusts the pressure, ensuring that the addition of this embodiment's exhaust gas carbon capture device 100 for land-based vehicles can prevent exhaust backpressure from exceeding the normal tolerable range of the internal combustion engine 9. This embodiment utilizes a reducer 5 to reduce the gas flow rate, increase the exhaust gas's residence time in the carbon dioxide separation structure 2, and increase the exhaust pressure, further facilitating exhaust gas flow and thus improving the carbon capture efficiency of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2. This embodiment utilizes a venturi tube 4 to direct the remaining gas (gases other than carbon dioxide) into the low-pressure zone at the throat of the venturi tube 4. This creates a negative pressure within the venturi tube 4, further facilitating gas flow and thereby improving the carbon capture efficiency of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 proposed in this embodiment addresses the issues of increased exhaust back pressure and the large volume required to store the separated carbon dioxide when a carbon capture device is installed on a land vehicle with an internal combustion engine 9.
[0047] Example 2
[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a carbon capture method using the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of the first embodiment, comprising:
[0049] When the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure 1 is lower than the set value, the valve 3 is closed, and the exhaust gas from the land vehicle enters the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 through the inlet of the separation structure and the second outlet of the diversion structure 1 for separation. The separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure 8 through the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 for storage, and the remaining gas enters the venturi tube 4 through the second outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 and is discharged into the atmosphere.
[0050] When the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 is greater than or equal to the set value, valve 3 opens. Valve 3 can be of one of two types: one is a self-operated pressure regulating valve, which can ensure that the pressure at which the self-operated pressure regulating valve opens is the same as the set value. When the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 reaches the set value, the self-operated pressure regulating valve opens under the action of the exhaust gas pressure. The greater the exhaust gas pressure, the greater the opening degree of the self-operated pressure regulating valve. The other is an electric regulating valve, which is used in conjunction with a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 and transmits it to the controller. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure 1 reaches the set value, the controller controls the opening and opening degree of the electric regulating valve. After valve 3 opens, the exhaust gas from the land vehicle enters the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 through the inlet of the separation structure and the second outlet of the diverter structure 1 for separation. The separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure 8 for storage. At the same time, the exhaust gas from the land vehicle enters the atmosphere through the inlet of the separation structure, the first outlet of the diverter structure 1, and valve 3.
[0051] The method of this embodiment utilizes different processing methods depending on the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine: when the internal combustion engine is operating at low load, the exhaust flow rate is low, and the exhaust gas enters the carbon dioxide separation structure for carbon dioxide capture. When the internal combustion engine is operating at high load, the exhaust gas enters the carbon dioxide separation structure for carbon dioxide capture and is simultaneously discharged into the atmosphere. This embodiment utilizes a diversion structure 1 to split the exhaust gas into two paths, separating the exhaust gas passing through the carbon dioxide separation structure 2 from the exhaust gas directly discharged into the atmosphere. This ensures that the addition of the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device 100 of this embodiment can prevent the exhaust backpressure from exceeding the normal tolerable range of the internal combustion engine 9.
[0052] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims
1. A land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device, characterized by: include: A diversion structure (1), wherein the inlet of the diversion structure (1) is used to be connected to a land vehicle, and the first outlet of the diversion structure (1) is used to be connected to the atmosphere; a carbon dioxide separation structure (2), wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure (2) is connected to the second outlet of the diversion structure (1), and the carbon dioxide separation structure (2) is used to separate carbon dioxide; A carbon dioxide storage structure (8), the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage structure (8) is connected to the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure (2), and the carbon dioxide storage structure (8) is used to store carbon dioxide.
2. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a valve (3), the inlet of the valve (3) is connected to the first outlet of the diverter structure (1), the outlet of the valve (3) is communicated with the atmosphere, the valve (3) is a self-operated pressure regulating valve or an electric regulating valve, and when the pressure at the inlet of the diverter structure (1) is greater than or equal to a set value, the valve (3) opens.
3. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a pressure sensor, which is located between the inlet of the diverter structure (1) and the land vehicle, and is used to monitor the pressure of the inlet of the diverter structure (1).
4. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention also includes a controller, the pressure sensor and the valve (3) are both electrically connected to the controller, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure (1) is greater than or equal to a set value, the controller controls the valve (3) to open.
5. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a venturi tube (4), a first inlet of the venturi tube (4) is connected to the outlet of the valve (3), and the outlet of the venturi tube (4) is communicated with the atmosphere.
6. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure (2) is connected to the second inlet of the venturi tube (4).
7. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a reducing pipe (5), wherein the reducing pipe (5) is located between the second outlet of the diversion structure (1) and the carbon dioxide separation structure (2), the inlet of the reducing pipe (5) is connected to the second outlet of the diversion structure (1), and the outlet of the reducing pipe (5) is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure (2), and the size of the reducing pipe (5) gradually increases from the inlet of the reducing pipe (5) to the outlet of the reducing pipe (5).
8. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide storage structure (8) is filled with a metal organic framework material.
9. The land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vacuum pump (6) and a compressor (7) are provided between the first outlet of the carbon dioxide separation structure (2) and the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage structure (8).
10. A carbon capture method using the land vehicle exhaust carbon capture device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: When the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure (1) is lower than the set value, the exhaust gas of the land vehicle enters the carbon dioxide separation structure (2) through the inlet of the separation structure and the second outlet of the diversion structure (1) for separation, and the separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure (8) for storage; When the pressure at the inlet of the diversion structure (1) is greater than or equal to the set value, the exhaust gas of the land vehicle enters the carbon dioxide separation structure (2) through the inlet of the separation structure and the second outlet of the diversion structure (1) for separation, and the separated carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide storage structure (8) for storage. At the same time, the exhaust gas of the land vehicle enters the atmosphere through the inlet of the separation structure and the first outlet of the diversion structure (1).