Overflow light heat energy utilization system of tower type solar heat absorber and operation mode of overflow light heat energy utilization system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tower type solar photo-thermal, in particular to a tower type solar heat absorber scattered light heat energy utilization system which comprises a heat absorber body, and an upper heat absorption module and a lower heat absorption module are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the heat absorber body respectively. The upper heat absorption module and the lower heat absorption module each comprise multiple sets of coil pipe heat absorption plate assemblies, and the multiple sets of coil pipe heat absorption plate assemblies are arranged between the corresponding upper annular collecting pipes and the corresponding lower annular collecting pipes in parallel and arranged to form a photo-thermal conversion face. The steam pocket is fixed to the top of the heat absorber body and communicated with a water supply pipe and a steam output pipe, and the steam pocket is communicated with the upper annular collecting pipe and the lower annular collecting pipe of the upper heat absorbing module and the upper annular collecting pipe and the lower annular collecting pipe of the lower heat absorbing module through a plurality of sets of ascending pipes and a plurality of sets of descending pipes. According to the heat absorption tower, the recovery and the secondary utilization of the spill light are realized, and the heat damage of high-temperature reflection light rays to the heat absorption tower and surrounding equipment is further solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tower solar thermal power, and particularly relates to a system for utilizing the scattered light thermal energy of a tower solar absorber. Background Art

[0002] The solar tower thermal power system is a high-efficiency concentrating solar technology that focuses solar radiation onto the absorber (absorber tube screen) at the top of the central receiver tower through an array of heliostats and uses a high-temperature heat transfer medium (such as molten salt) to transfer the thermal energy to the power generation system.

[0003] The optical efficiency of the solar tower thermal power system is significantly restricted by the loss of scattered light. Scattered light refers to the energy loss of the solar radiation reflected by the heliostat field that fails to accurately converge to the concentrating area of the absorber due to optical deviations (such as mirror tracking errors, mirror deformation, atmospheric scattering, etc.), resulting in some light spots deviating to non-concentrating areas. Such deviations are not only caused by the optical imperfections of the mirror field and absorber system, but also by the temporary offsets during the dynamic adjustment of the light spots during system operation. Research by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that the average annual efficiency loss of global solar thermal power plants due to scattered light is 12 - 18%, and at the same time, the scattered light forms local high-temperature irradiation in the non-concentrating area around the absorber, leading to an increase in the thermal stress of the materials in the upper and lower regions of the absorber tube screen and even the risk of ablation.

[0004] The current mainstream protection technology is to install high-temperature resistant protection plates within a certain height range above and below the absorber, and block the scattered light heat flow through the heat reflection and high-temperature resistance characteristics of the material itself. However, the traditional protection plate only takes passive isolation as the core design concept, without recovering or reusing the energy of the scattered light, and the high-reflectivity surface may reflect the scattered light to adjacent equipment, causing secondary thermal damage. In addition, the protection plate is prone to oxidation embrittlement when exposed to the high-temperature irradiation environment for a long time, and needs to be frequently maintained and replaced, further increasing the operating cost of the system. This technical gap highlights the urgent need for active control and energy recovery technology for scattered light. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] The present invention provides a system for utilizing the scattered light thermal energy of a tower solar absorber, aiming to recover and reuse the energy of the scattered light of the absorber system, and further solve the thermal damage of the high-temperature reflected light to the absorber tower itself and surrounding equipment.

[0007] (2) Technical Solutions

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a system for utilizing the scattered light thermal energy of a tower solar absorber and its operation mode, including:

[0009] An absorber body, with an upper absorber module and a lower absorber module respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends;

[0010] Both the upper heat absorption module and the lower heat absorption module include an upper annular header, a lower annular header, and multiple groups of heat absorption plate assemblies. The multiple groups of heat absorption plate assemblies are respectively arranged in parallel between the corresponding upper and lower annular headers of the upper heat absorption module and the lower heat absorption module, and are arranged to form a photothermal conversion surface for absorbing the thermal energy of the stray light in the light-concentrating area of the heat absorber.

[0011] The steam drum is fixed to the top of the heat absorber body through a support frame and is connected with a water supply pipe and a steam output pipe. The steam drum is connected to the upper annular header of the upper heat absorption module and the upper annular header of the lower heat absorption module respectively through multiple rising pipes, and at the same time is connected to the lower annular header of the upper heat absorption module and the lower annular header of the lower heat absorption module respectively through multiple downcomers, forming independent upper heat absorption module circulation loops and lower heat absorption module circulation loops.

[0012] The working medium enters the steam drum from the water supply pipe, flows through the upper heat absorption module and the lower heat absorption module, and returns to the steam drum after absorbing heat at the photothermal conversion surface.

[0013] A further technical solution lies in that the heat absorption plate assembly includes a heat absorption plate, a coiled pipe, a back plate, and a heat insulation layer stacked in sequence.

[0014] The coiled pipe is fixedly connected to at least one of the heat absorption plate and the back plate by welding or clamping.

[0015] A further technical solution lies in that the heat absorption plate assembly is fixed to the heat absorber body by bolts or welding, and a heat absorption coating with a thickness of 0.1 - 2 mm is coated on the side of the heat absorption plate away from the back plate.

[0016] A further technical solution lies in that the heat absorption coating is a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating, and a V-shaped or trapezoidal groove array with a depth of 10 - 200 μm is formed on the surface by laser etching to enhance the photothermal absorption efficiency.

[0017] A further technical solution lies in that

[0018] Between the upper annular header and the lower annular header of the upper heat absorption module and between the upper annular header and the lower annular header of the lower heat absorption module are respectively connected by multiple groups of parallel coiled pipes.

[0019] A further technical solution lies in that

[0020] The downcomer includes a first downcomer and a second downcomer, and the riser includes a first riser and a second riser.

[0021] The first downcomer communicates with the steam drum and the lower annular header of the upper heat absorption module, and the first riser communicates with the steam drum and the upper annular header of the upper heat absorption module;

[0022] The second downcomer communicates with the steam drum and the lower annular header of the lower heat absorption module, and the second riser communicates with the steam drum and the upper annular header of the lower heat absorption module.

[0023] A further technical solution is that the first riser, the first downcomer, the second riser and the second downcomer are all made of stainless steel, and the number of each is at least two.

[0024] A further technical solution is that the first downcomer and the second downcomer are selectively provided with forced circulation pumps for adjusting the flow rate of the working medium.

[0025] A further technical solution is that the upper non-concentrating area and the lower non-concentrating area that are not focused by the heliostats are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the heat absorber body, the upper heat absorption module is provided in the upper non-concentrating area, and the lower heat absorption module is provided in the lower non-concentrating area.

[0026] An operation method of a tower-type solar heat absorber stray light heat energy utilization system includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Inject the working medium into the steam drum through the water supply pipe, and maintain the working medium in the steam drum at a normal liquid level;

[0028] S2. The working medium enters the lower annular headers of the upper heat absorption module and the lower heat absorption module through the downcomer, and flows through the heat absorption plate assembly to absorb the stray light heat energy and is heated;

[0029] S3. The heated working medium flows through the upper annular headers of the upper heat absorption module and the lower heat absorption module, and returns to the steam drum through the riser. After the high-temperature working medium is separated into steam and water in the steam drum, the generated steam is output through the steam output pipe.

[0030] (III) Beneficial effects

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: An upper heat absorption module and a lower heat absorption module are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the heat absorber. Both the upper and lower heat absorption modules are composed of modular heat absorption plate assemblies arranged and assembled in sequence. This modular structure enables efficient installation and maintenance. During the operation of the system, when the overflow light from the light concentration area of the heat absorber irradiates on the heat absorption plate assemblies, it will heat the water inside the heat absorption plate assemblies. The upper and lower annular headers connect multiple heat absorption plate assemblies in parallel to achieve water flow collection. At the same time, the upper and lower annular headers are respectively connected to the steam drum located at the top of the heat absorber through risers and downcomers, forming independent upper and lower heat absorption module circulation loops. The heated water inside the upper and lower heat absorption modules exchanges heat efficiently with the water in the steam drum through natural circulation, realizing the recovery and secondary utilization of the overflow light energy. The feed water system of the solar thermal power station replenishes water to the steam drum through a feed water pipe; the steam generated by the steam drum is transported to the lower part of the heat absorption tower through a steam output pipe, used for the deaerator of the steam turbine system, or connected to the power plant heating system to meet building heating, connected to the bathing system to meet the bathing of workers, etc., so as to make the overflow light energy be utilized to the greatest extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the overflow light heat energy utilization system for a tower-type solar heat absorber;

[0033] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the pipeline system of the overflow light heat energy utilization system for a tower-type solar heat absorber;

[0034] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of a coiled tube heat absorption plate assembly;

[0035] Figure 4 For Figure 3 cross-sectional schematic diagram;

[0036] Figure 5 For Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram at position A in

[0037]

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0038] 1: Heat absorber body; 2: Upper heat absorption module; 3: Lower heat absorption module; 4: Heat absorption plate assembly; 41: Heat absorption plate; 42: Coiled tube; 43: Back plate; 44: Thermal insulation layer; 5: Steam drum; 6: Feed water pipe; 7: Steam output pipe; 8: Risers; 81: First riser; 82: Second riser; 9: Downcomers; 91: First downcomer; 92: Second downcomer; 10: Forced circulation pump; 11: Upper annular header; 12: Lower annular header. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0039] In order to better explain the present invention for easy understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments.

[0040] This embodiment provides a tower-type solar energy absorber overflow light heat energy utilization system and its operation mode, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown. It includes an absorber body 1, with an upper heat absorption module 2 and a lower heat absorption module 3 respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends. Both the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower heat absorption module 3 include an upper annular header 11, a lower annular header 12, and multiple groups of heat absorption plate assemblies 4. The multiple groups of heat absorption plate assemblies 4 are respectively arranged in parallel between the upper and lower annular headers 12 corresponding to the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower heat absorption module 3, and are arranged to form a photothermal conversion surface for absorbing the heat energy of the overflow light in the concentrator area of the absorber.

[0041] A steam drum 5 is fixed to the top of the absorber body 1 through a support frame, and is connected with a feed water pipe 6 and a steam output pipe 7. The steam drum 5 is respectively connected with the upper annular header 11 of the upper heat absorption module 2 and the upper annular header 11 of the lower heat absorption module 3 through multiple riser pipes 8, and at the same time is respectively connected with the lower annular header 12 of the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower annular header 12 of the lower heat absorption module 3 through multiple downcomer pipes 9, forming independent upper and lower heat absorption module circulation loops.

[0042] The working medium enters the steam drum 5 from the feed water pipe 6, flows through the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower heat absorption module 3, and after absorbing heat at the photothermal conversion surface, returns to the steam drum 5.

[0043] The absorber body 1 is fixedly installed on the top of a solar energy absorber tower cast with concrete, and includes a main steel structure and a heat absorption tube screen. Among them, the heat absorption tube screen is the main heat absorption component of the tower-type solar energy absorber, which is composed of densely arranged heat absorption tubes, installed on the surface of the absorber body 1, and realizes the collection and utilization of heat by absorbing the solar radiation energy reflected by the heliostats and transferring the heat energy to the heat transfer molten salt flowing inside. The main steel structure is used to provide installation support for the heat absorption tube screen on the one hand, and to fix the steam drum 5 on the other hand. The steam drum 5 is fixedly connected to the main steel structure through a profile support, and the optional fixing methods include welding or bolted fixed connection.

[0044] In the above embodiment, the heat absorption tube screen corresponds to the concentrator area of the solar energy absorber tower. All the heliostats reflect the sunlight to the concentrator area, and the heat absorption tube screen is responsible for absorbing this part of the solar radiation energy. The upper and lower ends of the heat absorption tube screen on the absorber body 1 are the non-concentrator areas of the solar energy absorber tower, and the non-concentrator areas do not receive the reflected light of the heliostats. However, due to the optical imperfection of the mirror field and the absorber system, some light rays deviate from the designed path, and some light spots that should have been in the concentrator area deviate and irradiate to the non-concentrator area. The energy of this part of the overflow light is supplemented and absorbed and utilized by the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower heat absorption module 3.

[0045] In this embodiment, the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower heat absorption module 3 adopt modular design. Both are composed of multiple heat absorption plate assemblies 4 through modular splicing, which can be installed, disassembled and maintained efficiently, greatly improving the construction efficiency. Inside the heat absorption plate assembly 4, a multi-group heat absorption tube design similar to a heat absorption tube screen is adopted. The multiple heat absorption tubes are connected through the upper annular header 11 and the lower annular header 12 to realize the parallel connection of the heat absorption tubes, which is beneficial to increasing the flow efficiency of the working medium. At the same time, the heat absorption tubes are evenly distributed along the circumferences of the upper annular header 11 and the lower annular header 12, making the structure more stable. The working medium inside the upper heat absorption module 2 and the lower heat absorption module 3 in this embodiment is water. The sun's radiation heats the water inside the heat absorption tubes, thereby converting solar energy into the internal energy of water.

[0046] In this embodiment, the water supply of the steam drum 5 comes from the feed water system of the solar thermal power station; the steam generated by the steam drum 5 is transported to the lower part of the heat absorption tower through the steam pipeline. This steam can enter the deaerator of the steam turbine system; it can also be connected to the power plant heating system to meet the building heating; it can also be connected to the bathing system to meet the bathing of workers, etc., so as to make the most of the scattered solar energy. During the working process, a certain amount of water is stored inside the steam drum 5, and the pressure change speed during load fluctuation is slowed down through the heat storage and water storage capabilities to maintain the system stability; its built-in steam inlet baffle is used to realize steam-liquid separation, reduce the moisture carried in the steam, and ensure the quality of the output steam; the steam drum 5, the downcomer 9 and the riser 8 form a natural water circulation system for the collection and distribution of water vapor. It should be noted here that the steam drum 5 has the function of steam-water separation and can be purchased externally.

[0047] Through the modular coiled tube 42 design of the upper and lower heat absorption modules 3 in the above embodiment, combined with the natural circulation steam drum system, the scattered solar energy in the non-concentrating area can be effectively captured, and the originally lost solar energy is converted into heat energy or steam energy. Its double-loop independent operation structure and the parallel layout of the heat absorption tubes significantly improve the solar-thermal conversion efficiency and system stability. At the same time, the steam output can be flexibly connected to power generation, heating or domestic energy use, realizing the multi-path cascade utilization of the scattered solar energy, and having the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility and low maintenance cost.

[0048] Please refer to Figures 3 - 5, in this embodiment, the heat absorption plate assembly 4 includes a heat absorption plate 41, a coil pipe 42, a back plate 43 stacked in sequence, and a heat insulation layer 44 provided on the side of the back plate 43 away from the heat absorption plate 41. The coil pipe 42 is clamped between the heat absorption plate 41 and the back plate 43 and is fixedly connected to the heat absorption plate 41 and the back plate 43 by welding or clamping. Among them, the heat absorption plate 41 directly absorbs the overflowing light energy and conducts it to the coil pipe 42. The coil pipe 42 is fixed between the heat absorption plate 41 and the back plate 43 by welding or clamping to form a stable heat transfer interface, ensuring that the heat is quickly introduced into the internal working medium; the back plate 43 provides structural support, and the heat insulation layer 44 effectively inhibits the heat conduction to the absorber body 1, avoiding the high-temperature damage of the internal auxiliary components.

[0049] Furthermore, the heat absorption plate assembly 4 is fixed to the absorber body 1 by bolts or welding. A heat absorption coating with a thickness of 0.1 - 2 mm is coated on the side of the heat absorption plate 41 away from the back plate 43. In this embodiment, it is preferably 1 mm.

[0050] Specifically, a connecting steel plate is welded on the back plate 43 of the heat absorption plate assembly 4, and the connecting steel plate is fixed to the main steel structure of the absorber body 1 by bolts or welding. It should be noted here that in this embodiment, the heat absorption plate 41, the coil pipe 42, and the back plate 43 are fixed by welding. If the coil pipe 42 is fixed to the heat absorption plate 41 or the back plate 43 alone, the heat absorption plate 41 also needs to be fixed to the main steel structure by a bracket. The heat absorption coating is a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating, and a V-shaped or trapezoidal groove array with a depth of 10 - 200 μm is formed on the surface by laser etching to enhance the photothermal absorption efficiency. In this embodiment, it is preferably a trapezoidal groove array with a depth of 10 μm.

[0051] In this embodiment, between the upper annular header 11 and the lower annular header 12 of the upper heat absorption module 2 and between the upper annular header 11 and the lower annular header 12 of the lower heat absorption module 3 are respectively connected by multiple groups of parallel coil pipes 42. The shape of the coil pipe 42 is a serpentine coil pipe 42 or a spiral coil pipe 42, which is beneficial to increasing the light-receiving area and improving the thermal energy conversion efficiency. The coil pipes 42 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the header in a high-surface-area form, greatly increasing the light-receiving area and fully capturing the overflowing light energy. The annular header and the coil pipes 42 cooperate to form a closed-loop circulation circuit, and the heat is efficiently transferred to the steam drum 5 through natural convection, realizing the efficient recovery and secondary utilization of the overflowing light energy.

[0052] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2, Specifically, the downcomer 9 includes a first downcomer 91 and a second downcomer 92, and the riser 8 includes a first riser 81 and a second riser 82. The first downcomer 91 is connected to the lower annular header 12 of the upper heat absorption module 2 and the steam drum 5, and the first riser 81 is connected to the upper annular header 11 of the upper heat absorption module 2 and the steam drum 5. The second downcomer 92 is connected to the lower annular header 12 of the lower heat absorption module 3 and the steam drum 5, and the second riser 82 is connected to the upper annular header 11 of the lower heat absorption module 3 and the steam drum 5.

[0053] Furthermore, the above-mentioned first riser 81, first downcomer 91, second riser 82, and second downcomer 92 are all made of stainless steel, and the quantity of each is two, which ensures the reliability of the system.

[0054] In this embodiment, by adopting the independent loop design of the split-type double downcomer 9 and double riser 8, the system stability problem caused by uneven pressure in a single pipe is avoided, and the goal of high-reliability and long-cycle operation of the solar thermal recovery system under complex working conditions is achieved. The upper and lower heat absorption modules 3 respectively form a closed-loop natural circulation with the steam drum 5 through independent up / down pipe groups 9, realizing the efficient zonal recovery of the stray light energy in the non-condensing area and the directional heat transfer. Moreover, the thermal conditions between the modules do not interfere with each other, which is convenient for split maintenance.

[0055] In addition, since the height difference between the upper heat absorption module 2 and the steam drum 5 is small, it is easy to cause insufficient circulation power. Therefore, a forced circulation pump 10 is installed on each of the first downcomers 91. This circulation is a forced circulation, which is used to improve the fluidity of the working medium in the upper heat absorption module 2. Of course, a forced circulation pump 10 can also be installed on the second downcomer 92 to increase the fluidity of the working medium.

[0056] The specific operation mode of the tower-type solar energy absorber stray light heat energy utilization system in the above embodiment is as follows:

[0057] Before the molten salt heat absorber system is put into operation during the day, a water supply pump at the bottom of the heat absorption tower is used to send water at a certain temperature through the water supply pipe 6 to the steam drum 5 at the top of the heat absorber body 1, so that the water level in the steam drum 5 reaches the preset water level.

[0058] During the normal operation of the molten salt heat absorber system during the day, the water in the steam drum 5 enters the lower annular header 12 of the upper heat absorption module 2 through the first downcomer 91 and enters the lower annular header 12 of the lower heat absorption module 3 through the second downcomer 92. Then, it flows through the coiled pipes 42 of the heat absorption plate assemblies 4 of the upper and lower heat absorption modules 3 respectively. The water in the coiled pipes 42 absorbs the stray light heat energy and continuously heats the water in the coiled pipes 42. The heated water flows through the upper annular headers 11 of the upper and lower heat absorption modules 3 and returns to the steam drum 5 through the first riser 81 and the second riser 82 respectively. After steam-water separation, steam is output through the steam output pipe 7.

[0059] Steam is transported to the heat - using location under the tower. According to the temperature of the upper heat - absorbing module 2, judge the water circulation in the coil 42 of the upper heat - absorbing module 2, and further decide whether to start the forced - circulation pump 10.

[0060] After the molten - salt heat - absorber system exits in the evening, to avoid the water in the steam drum 5 from freezing, drain all the water in the steam drum 5.

[0061] Repeat the above process the next day, and so on in a cycle.

[0062] It should be noted that all the directional indications in this embodiment are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement conditions, etc. between components in a certain specific posture. If this specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0063] In addition, in this embodiment, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this embodiment, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0064] In this embodiment, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this embodiment can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0065] It should be understood that the above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is only for explaining the technical route and characteristics of the present invention. Its purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, but the present invention is not limited to the above - mentioned specific embodiments. Any changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system, characterized in that, Comprising: An absorber body (1) with an upper heat absorption module (2) and a lower heat absorption module (3) respectively arranged at its upper and lower ends; Both the upper heat absorption module (2) and the lower heat absorption module (3) include an upper annular header (11), a lower annular header (12), and multiple groups of heat absorption plate assemblies (4). The multiple groups of heat absorption plate assemblies (4) are respectively arranged in parallel between the corresponding upper and lower annular headers (12) of the upper heat absorption module (2) and the lower heat absorption module (3), and are arranged to form a solar-thermal conversion surface for absorbing the thermal energy of the stray light in the concentrating area of the absorber; A steam drum (5) fixed to the top of the absorber body (1) by a support frame and connected with a feed water pipe (6) and a steam output pipe (7). The steam drum (5) is respectively connected with the upper annular header (11) of the upper heat absorption module (2) and the upper annular header (11) of the lower heat absorption module (3) through multiple groups of riser pipes (8), and at the same time is respectively connected with the lower annular header (12) of the upper heat absorption module (2) and the lower annular header (12) of the lower heat absorption module (3) through multiple groups of downcomer pipes (9), forming independent upper heat absorption module circulation loops and lower heat absorption module circulation loops; A working medium enters the steam drum (5) from the feed water pipe (6), flows through the upper heat absorption module (2) and the lower heat absorption module (3), and returns to the steam drum (5) after absorbing heat at the solar-thermal conversion surface.

2. The tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat absorption plate assembly (4) includes a heat absorption plate (41), a coil pipe (42), a back plate (43), and a heat insulation layer (44) stacked in sequence; The coil pipe (42) is fixedly connected to at least one of the heat absorption plate (41) and the back plate (43) by welding or clamping.

3. The tower solar energy absorber overspill light heat energy utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat absorption plate assembly (4) is fixed to the absorber body (1) by bolts or welding, and a heat absorption coating with a thickness of 0.1 - 2 mm is coated on the side of the heat absorption plate (41) away from the back plate (43).

4. The tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that The heat absorption coating is a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating, and a V-shaped or trapezoidal groove array with a depth of 10 - 200 μm is formed on the surface by laser etching to enhance the solar-thermal absorption efficiency.

5. The system for utilizing the thermal energy of the stray light of the tower-type solar energy absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that Between the upper annular header (11) and the lower annular header (12) of the upper heat absorption module (2), and between the upper annular header (11) and the lower annular header (12) of the lower heat absorption module (3), they are respectively connected through multiple groups of parallel coil pipes (42).

6. The system for utilizing the thermal energy of the stray light of the tower-type solar energy absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that The downcomer pipe (9) includes a first downcomer pipe (91) and a second downcomer pipe (92), and the riser pipe (8) includes a first riser pipe (81) and a second riser pipe (82); The first downcomer pipe (91) connects the steam drum (5) and the lower annular header (12) of the upper heat absorption module (2), and the first riser pipe (81) connects the steam drum (5) and the upper annular header (11) of the upper heat absorption module (2); The second downcomer (92) communicates with the steam drum (5) and the lower annular header (12) of the lower heat absorption module (3), and the second riser (82) communicates with the steam drum (5) and the upper annular header (11) of the lower heat absorption module (3).

7. The tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system according to claim 6, wherein The first riser (81), the first downcomer (91), the second riser (82) and the second downcomer (92) are all made of stainless steel, and the number of each is at least two.

8. The tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first downcomer (91) and the second downcomer (92) are selectively provided with a forced circulation pump (10) for adjusting the flow rate of the working medium.

9. The tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top and bottom of the heat absorber body (1) are respectively provided with an upper non-concentrating area and a lower non-concentrating area that are not focused by the heliostats. The upper heat absorption module (2) is provided in the upper non-concentrating area, and the lower heat absorption module (3) is provided in the lower non-concentrating area.

10. The operation mode of a tower solar energy absorber overflow light and heat energy utilization system, which adopts the system described in any one of claims 1-9, is characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Inject the working medium into the steam drum (5) through the water supply pipe (6), and maintain the working medium in the steam drum (5) at a normal liquid level; S2. The working medium enters the lower annular header (12) of the upper heat absorption module (2) and the lower heat absorption module (3) through the downcomer (9), and flows through the heat absorption plate assembly (4) to absorb the scattered light heat energy and is heated; S3. The heated working medium flows through the upper annular headers (11) of the upper heat absorption module (2) and the lower heat absorption module (3), and returns to the steam drum (5) through the riser (8). After the high-temperature working medium is separated into steam and water in the steam drum (5), the generated steam is output through the steam output pipe (7).

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