Device and test method for in-situ observation of flow of cuttings in cutting process

Abstract

The invention provides a device for in-situ observation of chip flow in a cutting process and a test method. The device comprises a main half die, an auxiliary half die, a punch, a cutting tool and a transparent plate, the auxiliary half mold is detachably connected with the main half mold; the main half mold is provided with an input channel, an output channel and a transverse channel; a cutter clamping groove penetrating through the main half die is formed in the main half die; the cutting tool is movably arranged in the tool clamping groove; the punch is used for pushing a to-be-machined workpiece to flow in the input channel and the output channel and is matched with the cutting tool to complete cutting of the to-be-machined workpiece; a transparent plate is arranged on the auxiliary half die and corresponds to the intersection area of the input channel, the transverse channel and the output channel so that the flowing condition of cuttings can be observed. The device is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture and assemble. And required external processing equipment is simple, and time-space synchronization of the cutting process and microscopic observation is realized. The observation platform is accurate and convenient to construct, and the occupied space of the device is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field related to material cutting and in-situ observation, and particularly relates to a device and a test method for in-situ observing chip flow during the cutting process. Background Art

[0002] In the field of cutting machining, the machining of high-strength, high-hardness or high-brittle materials has long been concerned by the industry, while some soft metals with good toughness are often overlooked due to their poor machining performance, high energy consumption and low machining quality. The common wrinkling and stacking phenomena of such materials during plastic processing result in an unstable wavy meandering flow of the flow characteristics, and this phenomenon has been defined as "sinuous flow" by the academic community. Sinuous flow may cause an abnormal increase in the chip compression ratio, an increase in the cutting force, and a decrease in the surface quality. As a special chip flow pattern identified in recent years, the research on sinuous flow is not yet perfect, and its formation mechanism urgently requires more in-depth theoretical discussions and empirical analyses.

[0003] Existing experimental methods usually rely on machine tools for cutting and require an additional observation platform to be built, such as the solution disclosed by Ho Yeung et al. in "Sinuous Flow in Cutting of Metals". Since the sinuous flow phenomenon usually occurs at a low cutting speed (0.42 mm / s) and a small cutting depth (100 μm), this poses high requirements for the operation accuracy of the machine tool. In addition, due to the large volume of existing machine tools and the small cutting observation area, the accurate construction of the experimental platform and the possibility of real-time observation are greatly limited. Furthermore, the cutting area on the machine tool is dynamic, which requires the observation camera to move synchronously with the cutting area, thereby increasing the complexity of building the observation platform.

[0004] It can be seen that although the existing test methods can also be used to observe the sinuous flow phenomenon, they have high test costs, complex construction of the observation platform and cumbersome observation processes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to at least overcome one of the deficiencies existing in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a device for in-situ observing chip flow during the cutting process, which can not only complete traditional cutting tasks, but also realize the transformation of the cutting area from dynamic to static. The mold has a simple structure, low cost, wide application range and is not restricted by the environment.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a test method for in-situ observing chip flow during the cutting process.

[0007] To achieve the object of the present invention, a device for in-situ observing chip flow during the cutting process provided by the present invention includes a main half-mold, a sub-half-mold, a punch, a cutting tool and a transparent plate;

[0008] The secondary half - mold is detachably connected to the primary half - mold, and the primary half - mold and the secondary half - mold adopt a detachable assembly structure to achieve modular combination;

[0009] The primary half - mold is provided with an input channel, an output channel, and a transverse channel. The output channel is located below the input channel, and one end of the transverse channel is located at the junction of the input channel and the output channel; a tool slot penetrating the primary half - mold in the thickness direction of the primary half - mold is arranged in the junction area of the output channel and the transverse channel on the primary half - mold;

[0010] The cutting tool is movably arranged in the tool slot, and the cutting depth is adjusted by adjusting the position of the cutting tool in the tool slot. The cutting tool is used to realize plastic flow cutting of the workpiece to be processed;

[0011] The punch is used to push the workpiece to be processed to flow in the input channel and the output channel, and cooperate with the cutting tool to complete the cutting of the workpiece to be processed;

[0012] On the secondary half - mold, a transparent plate is arranged corresponding to the intersection area of the input channel, the transverse channel, and the output channel to observe the chip flow situation.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, a support platform is further arranged on the primary half - mold;

[0014] The cutting tool includes a tool handle and a cutting block. The tool handle is located in the tool slot, and the cutting block is located on the support platform. The length of the cutting block protruding from the output channel is adjusted by adjusting the position of the tool handle in the tool slot.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the input channel and the output channel are arranged along the length direction on the surface of the primary half - mold that contacts the secondary half - mold. The input channel and the output channel jointly penetrate the length direction of the primary half - mold. The transverse channel is arranged on one side of the input channel and closely adheres to the upper side of the output channel. The transverse channel is communicated with the input channel and penetrates the primary half - mold.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the support platform is arranged on the primary half - mold on the lower side of the output channel and on the lower side of the transverse channel, and the opening of the tool slot is located at the center position of the support platform.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the tool handle is slightly longer than the tool slot.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, a cutting - depth adjustment threaded hole and a fixing threaded hole are respectively arranged on both sides of the tool slot on the primary half - mold. The cutting depth is adjusted by the screwing - in depth of the first threaded part in the cutting - depth adjustment threaded hole. The fixing threaded hole is matched with the second threaded part. Both the first threaded part and the second threaded part are in contact with the cutting tool to fix the cutting tool.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, mounting holes are provided on the surface of the secondary half-mold that contacts the primary half-mold, and the transparent plate is mounted in the mounting holes; an observation hole penetrating in the thickness direction of the secondary half-mold is provided, and the observation hole is opposite to the transparent plate.

[0020] Place the workpiece to be machined in the primary half-mold, and drive the punch through an external hydraulic press to apply progressive loading, which can force the workpiece to be machined to move downward, trigger the cutting tool to machine the workpiece. At the same time, the meandering flow of the chips in the cutting area can be observed through the observation hole reserved on the secondary half-mold.

[0021] The presence of the transparent plate not only facilitates observing the flow of the chips in the transverse channel, but also prevents the lateral flow of the material during the cutting process.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the transparent plate is closely attached to the intersection area of the input channel, the transverse channel, and the output channel, that is, the cutting area, which can effectively avoid the lateral flow of the material during the cutting process.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, a camera is also provided, and the camera is arranged opposite to the observation hole to record the flow of the chips in the transverse channel.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, a workpiece outflow channel penetrating the length direction is provided on the secondary half-mold, located below the mounting hole and corresponding to the position of the output channel, which can reduce the sliding friction of the machined workpiece in the output channel and prevent the edge of the square mounting hole from shearing the workpiece when the workpiece passes through the gap between the transparent plate and the square mounting hole.

[0025] The present invention provides a test method for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting, including the following steps:

[0026] After adjusting the position of the cutting tool in the tool slot, fix the cutting tool on the primary half-mold;

[0027] Place the workpiece to be machined in the input channel, and place the punch in the input channel and closely attach to the upper surface of the workpiece to be machined;

[0028] Fix the secondary half-mold and the primary half-mold to form a combined mold;

[0029] Fix the combined mold on the loading platform of the universal testing machine;

[0030] Start the universal testing machine, make the punch move downward, and transmit the thrust downward. After the workpiece to be machined is affected by the thrust and moves downward and is sheared by the cutting tool, part of the material is separated from the substrate and flows into the transverse channel; the flow of the chips in the transverse channel in the cutting area is recorded in real time through the transparent plate;

[0031] When the punch presses down to a preset distance, turn off the testing machine, separate the main half-mold from the sub-half-mold, and take out the cutting tool and the machined workpiece.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution, before placing the workpiece to be machined, apply a lubricant in the input channel.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution, the punch has a clearance fit with the input channel in terms of size. This can not only reduce the friction between the punch and the input channel during the machining process but also effectively press down the workpiece to be machined.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution, the workpiece to be machined has a clearance fit with the input channel in terms of size and the same shape, so that the workpiece to be machined can be easily placed into the input channel.

[0035] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are at least reflected in:

[0036] 1. The device of the present invention can be used in conjunction with any model of pressure testing machine, has a wider application range, and a larger adjustable speed range. The pressure testing machine can record and output the load-time curve through a high-precision sensor and a real-time data acquisition system, eliminating the need for additional measuring equipment.

[0037] 2. The structure of the device of the present invention is simple and convenient for manufacturing and assembly. The required external processing equipment is simple, and it can integrate cutting and observation. The construction of the observation platform is accurate and convenient, the device occupies a small space, has low requirements for equipment, and enhances the practicability and convenience.

[0038] 3. In the present invention, in order to accurately record the flow of chips in the cutting area in real time, the dynamic advancement of the workpiece and the fixation of the tool are realized, so that the cutting area changes from dynamic to static, which is more conducive to recording the chip flow situation.

[0039] 4. In the present invention, the tool has a 3-mm movement space in the tool slot. After setting the required cutting depth, the precise positioning and fixation of the tool in the tool slot can be achieved by adjusting the position of the limit bolt.

[0040] 5. In the present invention, in order to prevent the workpiece from being blocked when flowing through the connection gap between the transparent plate and the square mounting hole, a workpiece outflow channel is provided on the sub-half-mold.

[0041] 6. The present invention can achieve various different rake angle cuttings. Just unscrew the limit bolt to release the fixation of the tool and replace it with a tool with the required cutting rake angle.

[0042] 7. The present invention is applicable to a wide range of workpiece materials, which can be ductile metals such as block copper, aluminum, iron, and zinc. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting die in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic exploded view of the cutting die in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the main half die in the cutting die in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 These are the three views of the cutting tool in the cutting die in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the sub - half die in the cutting die in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the punch in the cutting die in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic principle diagram of in - situ observing the cutting process in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] As shown in the figure: 10 - punch, 11 - transition boss, 12 - connecting rod, 13 - extrusion head, 20 - main half die, 21 - input channel, 22 - transverse channel, 23 - output channel, 24 - support platform, 25 - tool slot, 26 - first threaded hole, 27 - second threaded hole, 28 - third threaded hole, 29 - fourth threaded hole, 30 - workpiece to be machined, 40 - cutting tool, 41 - tool handle, 42 - cutting head, 50 - transparent plate, 60 - first limit bolt, 61 - second limit bolt, 62 - third limit bolt, 63 - fourth limit bolt, 70 - sub - half die, 71 - circular observation hole, 72 - workpiece outflow channel, 73 - mounting hole, 80 - first bolt, 81 - second bolt, 82 - third bolt, 83 - fourth bolt, 90 - first nut, 91 - second nut, 92 - third nut, 93 - fourth nut. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Refer to Figures 1 to 2As shown in the figure, an in-situ observation device for chip flow during cutting provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a main half mold 20, a sub-half mold 70, a punch 10, a cutting tool 40, a first limit bolt 60, a second limit bolt 61, a third limit bolt 62, a fourth limit bolt 63, and a transparent plate.

[0053] At each of the four corners of the main half mold 20, a mold mounting hole is provided, and at the corresponding positions on the sub-half mold 70, a mold mounting hole is also opened. When assembling the mold, align the corresponding mold mounting holes on the main half mold 20 and the sub-half mold 70 one by one, and then insert the first fastening bolt 80, the second fastening bolt 81, the third fastening bolt 82, and the fourth fastening bolt 83 respectively and fasten them with the corresponding first nut 90, second nut 91, third nut 93, and fourth nut 93 to achieve the detachable assembly of the main half mold 20 and the sub-half mold 70.

[0054] As Figure 3 shown, on the surface of the main half mold 20 for contacting the sub-half mold 70, an input channel 21 and an output channel 23 are recessed in the center line of the width direction of the main half mold 20. The input channel 21 and the output channel 23 are located on the same straight line, and the output channel 23 is located below the input channel 21. On the right side of the input channel 21 and closely attached to the upper side of the output channel 23, a concave transverse channel 22 is provided. The transverse channel 22 communicates with the input channel 21 and penetrates the main half mold 20. The input channel 21 is used to place the workpiece 30 to be processed and the punch 10, the output channel 23 is used for the flow of the processed workpiece, and the transverse channel 22 is used for chip flow. A support platform 24 is recessed on the right side of the output channel 23 and below the transverse channel 22. The support platform 24 is at the same horizontal position as the transverse channel 22. In one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the square platform 24 is 20 mm. On the main half mold 20 along the thickness direction of the main half mold 20 and corresponding to the position of the square platform 24, a tool slot 25 penetrating the main half mold 20 is provided. The center of the cross-section of the tool slot 25 coincides with the center of the square platform 24. A first threaded through hole 26 and a second threaded through hole 27, that is, a cutting depth adjustment threaded hole, are opened in the thickness direction of the main half mold 20, and both the first threaded through hole 26 and the second threaded through hole 27 pass through the tool slot 25. A third threaded hole 28 and a fourth threaded hole 29, that is, a fixing threaded hole, are also opened in the thickness direction of the main half mold 20. The third threaded hole 28 and the fourth threaded hole 29 communicate with the tool slot 25, and the third threaded hole 28, the fourth threaded hole 29 are oppositely arranged with the first threaded through hole 26 and the second threaded through hole 27. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional length of the tool slot 25 is 20 mm and the width is 10 mm.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first limit bolt 60 and the second limit bolt 61 are full-threaded with a length of 50 mm, and are respectively used to be installed in the first threaded hole 26 and the second threaded hole 27 to determine the specific position of the cutting tool 40 in the tool slot 25; the third limit bolt 62 and the fourth limit bolt 63 are full-threaded with a length of 80 mm, and are respectively used to be installed in the third threaded hole 28 and the fourth threaded hole 29 to fix the cutting tool 40 at the required position. If you want to change the cutting depth, just rotate the first limit bolt 60 and the second limit bolt 61 to the designated position, and then rotate the third limit bolt 62 and the fourth limit bolt 63 for fixation.

[0056] As Figure 4 shown, the cutting tool 40 includes a tool shank 41 and a cutting block 42. The tool shank 41 is slightly longer than the tool slot 25. The tool shank 41 undertakes the positioning task of the cutting tool 40 in the tool slot 25, and the cutting block 42 is used to shear the workpiece 30 to be processed; the tool shank 41 is located in the tool slot 25, and the cutting block 42 is located on the support platform 24. The length of the cutting block 42 protruding from the output channel 23 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the tool shank 41 on the tool slot 25. During the cutting operation, a part of the cutting block 42 protrudes from the output channel 23, and the cutting depth is equal to the length of the cutting block 42 protruding from the output channel 23. The cutting depth is adjusted by adjusting the position of the tool shank 41 in the tool slot 25. In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the cross-section of the tool shank 41 is 17 mm, the width is 10 mm, the thickness of the cutting block 42 is 5 mm, the length is 20 mm, and the width is 10 mm. The cutting tool 40 has a movement space of 3 mm in the tool slot 25, and the cutting depth is adjusted through this movement space. That is, in this embodiment, the maximum cutting depth is 3 mm. And in this embodiment, the shape of the cutting block 42 is square, and the cutting angle is 0. In other embodiments, considering other cutting angles, the cutting block 42 can have other shapes, such as trapezoidal.

[0057] The shape of the support platform 24 is consistent with the shape of the cutting block 42 of the cutting tool 40. In one embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the cutting block 42 is square, and the support platform 24 is a square platform.

[0058] As Figure 5As shown in the figure, mounting holes 73, a workpiece outflow channel 72, and circular observation holes 71 penetrating the thickness direction of the sub-half mold 70 are provided on the sub-half mold 70. The mounting holes 73 correspond to the intersection area of the input channel 21, the transverse channel 22, and the output channel 23, that is, the cutting area, and are used to place and mount the transparent plate 50. The transparent plate 50 is tightly arranged in the cutting area, which can effectively prevent the side flow of materials during the cutting process. The mounting holes 73 are square, and the circular observation holes 71 are inscribed in the square mounting holes 73. The chip flow condition can be observed through the circular observation holes 71. The workpiece outflow channel 72 is located below the mounting holes 73 and corresponds to the position of the output channel 23. When the machined workpiece flows in the output channel 23, due to the existence of the workpiece outflow channel 72, there is a gap between the machined workpiece and the sub-half mold 70, which can reduce the sliding friction of the machined workpiece in the output channel 23. At the same time, it can prevent the edge of the mounting hole 73 from shearing the workpiece when the machined workpiece passes through the gap between the transparent plate 50 and the mounting hole 73.

[0059] The shape of the workpiece outflow channel 72 is consistent with the shape of the workpiece. In one embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece to be machined 30 is rectangular, the workpiece outflow channel 72 is rectangular, the size of the outflow channel 72 is adapted to the size of the workpiece to be machined 30, and the rectangular shape of the workpiece outflow channel 72 is also convenient for processing.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rectangular workpiece to be machined 30 is made of pure copper C10100 with lower strength, hardness and better toughness, and its length is 60 mm, thickness is 5 mm, and width is 10 mm. In other embodiments, if there are requirements for the material or pretreatment method of the workpiece to be machined 30, adjustments can be made according to the actual situation.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the square mounting hole 73 is 30 mm and the thickness is 6 mm. The size of the transparent plate 50 is adapted to the mounting hole 73, with a length and width of 30 mm and a thickness of 6 mm.

[0062] As Figure 6 shown, the punch 10 is designed in a multi-step shape, including a transition boss 11, a connecting rod 12, and an extrusion head 13. The transition boss 11 ensures that there will be no excessive stress concentration. The part of the connecting rod 12 with a smaller width in the middle can avoid excessive friction with the main half mold 20 and reduce the overall weight at the same time. The extrusion head 13 is mainly responsible for the extrusion effect.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation materials of the main half mold 20, the sub-half mold 70, the punch 10, and the cutting tool 40 are all Cr12MoV, and the material of the transparent plate 50 is tempered glass.

[0064] When the device provided by the aforementioned embodiment of the present invention is used for preparation, the handle 41 of the cutting tool 40 is first placed in the tool slot 25 to ensure that the upper plane of the cutting block 42 is at the same horizontal position as the plane of the main half mold 20; then the cutting depth is adjusted, the first limiting bolt 60 and the second limiting bolt 61 are screwed into the first threaded hole 26 and the second threaded hole 27 respectively, and the positions of the first limiting bolt 60 and the second limiting bolt 61 are adjusted until they are in contact with the handle 41, and then the first limiting bolt 60 and the second limiting bolt 61 are screwed in continuously to push the cutting tool 40 to reach To the desired position, screw the third limit bolt 62 and the fourth limit bolt 63 into the third threaded hole 28 and the fourth threaded hole 29 respectively until they support the cutting tool 40, and fix the cutting tool 40 at the desired position. If you want to change the cutting depth, just screw the first limit bolt 60 and the second limit bolt 61 to the specified position, and then rotate the third limit bolt 62 and the fourth limit bolt 63 to fix them; next, place the workpiece 30 to be processed in the input channel 21 close to the cutting block 42, and place the punch 10 in the input channel 21 and close to the upper surface of the workpiece 30 to be processed. The transparent plate 50 is inserted into the mounting hole 73. The square mounting hole 73 is circumscribed to the circular observation hole 71. One degree of freedom of the transparent plate 50 in the thickness direction of the secondary half mold 70 is limited by the circular mounting hole 71. Finally, the first bolt 80, the second bolt 81, the third bolt 82, and the fourth bolt 83 are respectively inserted into the mold mounting holes and fastened with the first nut 90, the second nut 91, the third nut 92, and the fourth nut 93 to achieve a fixed connection between the main half mold 20 and the secondary half mold 70. Another degree of freedom of the transparent plate 50 in the thickness direction of the secondary half mold 70 is limited by the main half mold 20, so that the transparent plate 50 is completely fixed.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, a test method for in-situ observation of chip flow during cutting is provided, as shown in the figure, the steps are as follows:

[0066] 1) Installation and debugging

[0067] Pre-process the workpiece 30 to be processed according to the requirements, place the handle 41 of the cutting tool 40 in the tool slot 25, and ensure that the upper plane of the cutting block 42 is at the same horizontal position as the plane of the main half mold 20. Next, screw the first limiting bolt 60 and the second limiting bolt 61 into the first threaded hole 26 and the second threaded hole 27 respectively, adjust the positions of the first limiting bolt 60 and the second limiting bolt 61 until they contact the handle 41, and then continue to screw in the first limiting bolt 60 and the second limiting bolt 61 to push the cutting tool 40 to the desired position. Then screw the third limiting bolt 62 and the fourth limiting bolt 63 into the third threaded hole 28 and the fourth threaded hole 29 respectively until they support the cutting tool 40 and fix the cutting tool 40 in the desired position. Next, place the workpiece 30 to be processed in the input channel 21 close to the cutting block 42, place the punch 10 in the input channel 21 close to the upper surface of the workpiece 30 to be processed, and embed the transparent plate 50 into the mounting hole 73. Then, the first bolt 80, the second bolt 81, the third bolt 82, and the fourth bolt 83 are respectively inserted into the four mold mounting holes of the main half mold 20, and are fastened with the first nut 90, the second nut 91, the third nut 92, and the fourth nut 93 to achieve a fixed connection between the main half mold 20 and the auxiliary half mold 70 to obtain a combined mold. Finally, the combined mold is fixed on the stage of the universal testing machine.

[0068] 2) Cutting and observation

[0069] Adjust the position of the combined die to ensure that the punch 10 is located at the center of the universal testing machine's lower pressure head; start the universal testing machine after setting the downward pressure speed of the universal testing machine, so that the punch 10 moves downward and transmits the thrust downward. After the workpiece 30 is moved downward by the thrust and is sheared by the cutting block 42, part of the material is separated from the matrix and flows to the transverse channel 22; the external camera can record the flow of chips in the cutting area in the transverse channel 22 in real time through the circular observation hole 71.

[0070] 3) Demolding and evaluation

[0071] When the punch 10 is pressed down to a preset distance, the universal testing machine is turned off, the bolts and nuts fixing the main half mold 20 and the auxiliary half mold 70 are loosened, the main half mold 20 is separated from the auxiliary half mold 70, the first limiting bolt 60, the second limiting bolt 61, the third limiting bolt 62, and the fourth limiting bolt 63 are unscrewed, the cutting tool 40 is taken out, and then the processed workpiece is taken out for subsequent evaluation.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, before the workpiece 30 to be processed is placed in, lubricant is applied to the input channel 21 to achieve lubrication.

[0073] Lubricating oil can be applied to the workpiece 30 to be processed and the extrusion head 13 during preparation to prevent the workpiece 30 to be processed from being blocked and improve the material processability.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, the set range of the downward pressing speed of the universal testing machine is 0.1 mm / s - 5 mm / s, and the set range of the cutting depth is 0.1 mm - 3 mm; in this embodiment, the downward pressing speed of the universal testing machine is set to 0.42 mm / s, and the cutting depth is set to 0.1 mm. As Figure 7 shown, the effect of the chip appearing in a meandering pile can be clearly observed.

[0075] In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, based on the cutting principle, the cutting task of the traditional machine tool is integrated into the mold, realizing the dynamic advancement of the workpiece and the fixation of the tool. The embodiments of the present invention change the cutting area from dynamic to static, greatly simplify the construction of the observation platform and optimize the real-time observation of the chip flow. By setting the observation window to cooperate with the camera system, the operation convenience of the experiment and the observation accuracy are effectively improved.

[0076] The above embodiments are only one implementation manner of the present invention, but the implementation manners of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. It should be noted that any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for in-situ observing chip flow during cutting process, characterized in that, It includes a main half-mold (20), a sub half-mold (70), a punch (10), a cutting tool (40) and a transparent plate (50); The sub half-mold (70) is detachably connected to the main half-mold (20); The main half-mold (20) is provided with an input channel (21), an output channel (23) and a transverse channel (22); in the main half-mold (20) and at the junction area of the output channel (23) and the transverse channel (22), a tool slot (25) penetrating the main half-mold (20) is arranged along the thickness direction of the main half-mold (20); The cutting tool (40) is movably arranged in the tool slot (25), and the cutting depth is adjusted by adjusting the position of the cutting tool (40) in the tool slot (25); The punch (10) is used to push the workpiece to be processed (30) to flow in the input channel (21) and the output channel (23), and cooperate with the cutting tool (40) to complete the cutting of the workpiece to be processed (30); On the sub half-mold (70) and corresponding to the intersection area of the input channel (21), the transverse channel (22) and the output channel (23), a transparent plate (50) is arranged to observe the chip flow condition.

2. The device for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support platform (24) is also arranged on the main half-mold (20); The cutting tool (40) includes a tool handle (41) and a cutting block (42). The tool handle (41) is located in the tool slot (25), and the cutting block (42) is located on the support platform (24). The length of the cutting block (42) protruding from the output channel (23) is adjusted by adjusting the position of the tool handle (41) on the tool slot (25).

3. The device for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input channel (21) and the output channel (23) are arranged along the length direction on the surface of the main half-mold (20) in contact with the sub half-mold (70), and jointly penetrate the length direction of the main half-mold (20). The transverse channel (22) is arranged on one side of the input channel (21) and closely adheres to the upper side of the output channel (23). The transverse channel (22) is communicated with the input channel (21) and penetrates the main half-mold (20).

4. The device for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support platform (24) is arranged on the main half-mold (20) and on the lower side of the output channel (23) and the transverse channel (22). The opening of the tool slot (25) is located at the center position of the support platform (24).

5. The device for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the main half-mold (20) and on both sides of the tool slot (25), a cutting depth adjustment threaded hole and a fixing threaded hole are respectively arranged. The cutting depth is adjusted by the screwing depth of the first threaded part in the cutting depth adjustment threaded hole. The fixing threaded hole is matched with the second threaded part. The first threaded part and the second threaded part are both in contact with the cutting tool (40) to fix the cutting tool (40).

6. A device for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, On the surface of the sub half-mold (70) in contact with the main half-mold (20), a mounting hole (73) is arranged, and the transparent plate (50) is installed in the mounting hole (73); in the thickness direction of the sub half-mold (70), a through observation hole (71) is arranged, and the observation hole (71) is opposite to the transparent plate (50).

7. The device for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 6, characterized in that, A camera is also provided, and the camera is arranged opposite to the observation hole (71) to record the chip flow condition in the transverse channel (22).

8. An experimental method for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: After adjusting the position of the cutting tool (40) in the tool slot (25), fix the cutting tool (40) on the main half-mold (20). Place the workpiece to be machined (30) in the input channel (21), and place the punch (10) in the input channel (21) and close to the upper surface of the workpiece to be machined (30). Fix the sub-half-mold (70) to the main half-mold (20) to form a combined mold. Fix the combined mold on the loading platform of the universal testing machine. Start the universal testing machine to make the punch (10) move downward and transmit the thrust downward. After the workpiece to be machined (30) moves downward under the action of the thrust and is sheared by the cutting tool (40), part of the material separates from the substrate and flows into the transverse channel; the flow of chips in the transverse channel (22) in the cutting area is recorded in real time through the transparent plate (50). When the punch (10) is pressed down to the preset distance, turn off the testing machine, separate the main half-mold (20) from the sub-half-mold (70), and take out the cutting tool (40) and the machined workpiece.

9. The experimental method for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 8, wherein Before placing the workpiece to be machined (30), apply a lubricant in the input channel (21).

10. The experimental method for in-situ observing the chip flow during cutting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The punch (10) has a clearance fit with the input channel (21) in terms of size.

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