A method for establishing an optimization model based on oyster reef ecological submerged embankment

Abstract

This invention discloses an optimization model establishment method for oyster reef ecological breakwaters, belonging to the field of ecological breakwaters. The method includes the following steps: Step 1, Model Design: The D-optimal method is used for model design, and the weighted K-means method is used to process the model data to obtain the parameter arrangement that gives the oyster reef ecological breakwater the best wave-dissipating performance. Step 2, Model Establishment: Based on the parameter arrangement obtained in Step 1, an optimization model for oyster reef ecological breakwaters is established. The optimization model includes oyster reefs on both sides and an impermeable structure in the middle. Step 3, The oyster reefs on both sides grow naturally and compress the impermeable structure in the middle, forming a structurally stable oyster reef ecological breakwater. This invention uses the above-mentioned optimization model establishment method for oyster reef ecological breakwaters to solve the problem of reduced wave-dissipating performance due to porosity in oyster reef breakwaters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological submerged dike technology, and in particular to a method for establishing an optimization model based on oyster reef ecological submerged dikes. Background Technology

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change and human activities, problems such as coastal erosion and sea-level rise are becoming increasingly serious, placing higher demands on coastal protection engineering. While traditional rigid protective structures (such as concrete dikes) can effectively resist wave erosion, they have negative impacts on the ecological environment. In recent years, protective structures based on natural ecosystems (such as oyster reefs and coral reefs) have gradually gained attention because they can not only reduce wave energy but also promote biodiversity, improve water quality, and restore ecosystems.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional underwater breakwaters are mainly constructed from materials such as metal, reinforced concrete, and wood. Their basic principle is achieved through the following mechanisms: 1. Friction and Turbulence: When waves pass over an underwater breakwater, friction between the water and the breakwater surface generates resistance. Simultaneously, the breakwater structure (such as porous materials, rough surfaces, or riprap) induces turbulence, consuming the wave's kinetic energy. 2. Wave Breaking: If the water depth at the top of the breakwater is shallow, the waves will deform and break due to friction at the bottom, converting energy into foam and turbulence, significantly reducing wave height. 3. Reflection: Underwater breakwaters reflect some of the incident waves, changing the wave propagation direction and reducing the energy directly impacting the coast. Through these three points, underwater breakwaters can consume some of the wave's energy, achieving the purpose of wave energy reduction. Using oyster reefs as the main body of the breakwater has at least two advantages: 1. As part of an ecosystem, the reasonable distribution of oyster reefs will not have too many negative impacts on the local ecological environment. On the contrary, the ecological characteristics of oyster reefs play an important role in maintaining ecological stability and increasing nearshore biodiversity. 2. The porous nature of oyster reef surfaces increases the friction between waves and breakwaters. At the same time, water flowing into the pores is repeatedly reflected and refracted between the pores, thus consuming more wave energy and enhancing the wave-damping performance of oyster reef breakwaters.

[0004] Most existing oyster reef breakwaters are designed for oyster reefs of different shapes. However, because oyster reefs themselves have many pores, incoming waves can flow through these pores and pass over the oyster reef breakwater, making it impossible for the oyster reef breakwater to effectively dissipate wave energy and reducing its wave-damping performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optimization model establishment method based on oyster reef ecological breakwaters, which solves the problem in the background art where the porous structure of oyster reef breakwaters reduces wave-damping performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for establishing an optimization model based on oyster reef ecological breakwaters, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, Model Design: The D-optimal method is used for model design, and the weighted K-means method is used to process the model data to obtain the parameter arrangement for the oyster reef ecological breakwater to have the best wave-dissipating performance.

[0008] Step 2, Model Establishment: Based on the parameter arrangement obtained in Step 1, establish an optimization model based on the oyster reef ecological submerged breakwater. The optimization model based on the oyster reef ecological submerged breakwater includes the oyster reefs on both sides and the impermeable structure in the middle.

[0009] Step 3: The oyster reefs on both sides grow naturally and compress the impermeable structure in the middle to form a stable oyster reef ecological dike.

[0010] Preferably, in step one, the transmittance coefficient of the oyster reef ecological breakwater... The calculation formula is:

[0011] ;

[0012] in, The amplitude of the transmitted wave. The amplitude of the incident wave;

[0013] The fitting model established based on the D-optimal method is as follows:

[0014] ;

[0015] in, To improve the wave-damping performance of oyster reefs, This is the offset. The linear offset coefficient, These are second-order offset coefficients. This is the interaction effect coefficient. , These are different influencing factors.

[0016] Preferably, the weighted K-means method adds weights to the K-means method. After considering the influence of each independent variable parameter, the selected weight allocation is as follows:

[0017] ω =[0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.72];

[0018] For each sample point Calculate the weighted distance from the sample point to the cluster center:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, ω For the corresponding weights, The number of cluster centers. The coordinates of the cluster center;

[0021] Based on the calculation results, the sample points are classified into the nearest cluster centers and the cluster centers are recalculated. The new cluster centers are the weighted average of all data points in that class. Finally, the change between the new cluster centers and the previous cluster centers is calculated. If the change is less than a preset threshold, the iteration stops; otherwise, the clustering operation is repeated based on the new cluster centers until convergence.

[0022] Preferably, the height of the oyster reef ecological breakwater and water depth The ratio between them ranges from 0.55 to 0.70.

[0023] Preferably, the length of the oyster reef ecological breakwater and wave wavelength The ratio ranges from 0.22 to 0.30.

[0024] Preferably, the number of oyster reefs is 3 or 4.

[0025] Preferably, the material for the oyster reef ecological submerged dike is oyster shell.

[0026] Preferably, the impermeable structure is made of rigid, non-porous material.

[0027] Therefore, the above-mentioned optimization model establishment method based on oyster reef ecological breakwaters in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. This invention uses oyster reefs as the main body of the breakwater, avoiding the damage to the nearshore ecological environment caused by traditional rigid structures. At the same time, due to the ecological characteristics of oyster reefs, it maintains the stability of the nearshore ecosystem and increases biodiversity while ensuring good wave dissipation performance.

[0029] 2. The optimization model establishment method based on oyster reef ecological submerged breakwater adopted in this invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional oyster reef submerged breakwaters. It can effectively reduce the wave height of passing waves in the marine environment. At the same time, oyster reefs play an important role in water purification, fish resource enhancement, coastline erosion mitigation, carbon sequestration, biodiversity enhancement and overall ecosystem stability, and can be widely used in coastal protection projects.

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of an optimized model embodiment of the present invention based on oyster reef ecological breakwaters;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the initial model of the oyster reef ecological breakwater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a mid-term model of an oyster reef ecological breakwater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the final model of the oyster reef ecological breakwater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0038] Similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] Example

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for establishing an optimization model based on an oyster reef ecological breakwater according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1, Model Design: The D-optimal method is used for model design, and the weighted K-means method is used to process the model data to obtain the parameter arrangement for the oyster reef ecological breakwater to have the best wave-dissipating performance.

[0044] To improve the transmittance of underwater submersible breakwaters To minimize the impact of wave drop, the D-optimal method was used for experimental design, and the weighted K-means method was used to process the experimental data. Finally, the parameter arrangement for the oyster reef ecological breakwater with the best wave-dissipating performance was obtained.

[0045] Transmittance coefficient of oyster reef ecological breakwater The calculation formula is:

[0046] ;

[0047] in, The amplitude of the transmitted wave. The amplitude of the incident wave;

[0048] The fitting model established based on the D-optimal method is as follows:

[0049] ;

[0050] in, To improve the wave-damping performance of oyster reefs, This is the offset. The linear offset coefficient, These are second-order offset coefficients. This is the interaction effect coefficient. , These are different influencing factors.

[0051] The D-optimal method can significantly reduce the number of experimental groups required (to 0.05% of the original number in this invention) while ensuring sufficient information is obtained. Subsequently, the experimental data are analyzed using the weighted K-means method to determine the optimal parameter arrangement for the oyster reef ecological breakwater to achieve the best wave-damping performance.

[0052] The weighted K-means method adds a weight term to the K-means method. After considering the influence of each independent variable parameter, the weight allocation is as follows:

[0053] ω =[0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.72]

[0054] For each sample point Calculate the weighted distance from the sample point to the cluster center:

[0055] ;

[0056] in, ω For the corresponding weights, The number of cluster centers. The coordinates of the cluster center.

[0057] Based on the calculation results, the sample points are assigned to the nearest cluster centers, and the cluster centers are recalculated. The new cluster centers are the weighted average of all data points in that class. Finally, the change between the new cluster centers and the previous cluster centers is calculated. If the change is less than a preset threshold, the iteration stops; otherwise, the clustering operation is repeated based on the new cluster centers until convergence.

[0058] The experimental results show that the key parameters for achieving optimal wave-dissipating performance of oyster reef ecological breakwaters are within the following ranges:

[0059] Height of oyster reef ecological breakwater and water depth The ratio between ( / The value range is 0.55~0.70. The length of the oyster reef ecological breakwater... and wave wavelength Ratio The value ranges from 0.22 to 0.30. The number of oyster reefs is 3 or 4. The oyster reef ecological breakwater uses oyster shells as the main material, and the impermeable structure uses a rigid, non-porous material (concrete structure can be used).

[0060] Step 2, Model Establishment: Based on the parameter arrangement obtained in Step 1, establish an optimization model based on the oyster reef ecological breakwater.

[0061] Step 3: Based on the optimized model of the oyster reef ecological breakwater, it consists of two traditional oyster reef breakwaters, left and right. To prevent water from flowing through the oyster reefs, an impermeable structure (such as...) is placed between the two oyster reefs. Figure 5 As shown in the image, the oyster reef then grows naturally, forming a stable oyster reef ecological breakwater.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, this is the initial form of the invention, consisting of two natural oyster reefs on the left and right, and a central impermeable structure. However, at this stage, the central structure is not stable, and the wave-damping performance of the assembly is not as good as that of a single oyster reef breakwater. With the natural growth of the oyster reefs (such as...), Figure 3 As shown in the image, the impermeable structure in the middle becomes increasingly stable due to the pressure from the oyster reefs on both sides, and its overall wave-damping performance gradually improves until the left and right oyster reefs merge into a single unit (as shown in the image). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, compared to a single oyster reef breakwater, the present invention can better prevent water from flowing through the pores of the oyster reef breakwater due to the function of the impermeable structure in the middle, thereby greatly improving the wave-dissipating performance of the oyster reef breakwater.

[0063] Generally, the higher the oyster reef breakwater, the better its wave-damping effect. The height of the oyster reef ecological submerged breakwater proposed in this invention... The height of the oyster reef ecological breakwater needs to be determined based on the water depth. and water depth The ratio between ( / A wave-damping effect can be achieved within the range of 0.55 to 0.70.

[0064] The length of the optimized model for different oyster reef ecological breakwaters and wave wavelength Ratio Different wave-damping effects can be produced, and a ratio of 0.22 to 0.30 can produce a better wave-damping effect.

[0065] Generally speaking, the more oyster reefs there are, the better the wave-damping performance. However, considering cost and wave-damping effect, a number of 3 or 4 oyster reefs can achieve a good wave-damping effect.

[0066] The ecological breakwater provided by this invention has a good wave-dissipating effect for waves in general sea conditions. Test data shows that, under reasonable arrangement, the height of transmitted waves can be reduced to less than 50% of the height of incident waves, that is, the wave energy can be reduced to 1 / 4 of the original, thus having good wave-dissipating performance.

[0067] Because this invention uses ecological oyster reefs as the main material, it will not have a significant impact on the local ecological environment. On the contrary, oyster reefs can play an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability and increasing biodiversity. This invention not only has a significant reduction effect on waves of different wavelengths and periods (its transmission coefficient can be reduced to below 0.5), but also plays a positive role in the restoration of nearshore ecological environments, and can be widely applied in the field of coastal protection engineering.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for establishing an optimization model based on oyster reef ecological breakwaters, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, Model Design: The D-optimal method is used for model design, and the weighted K-means method is used to process the model data to obtain the parameter arrangement for the oyster reef ecological breakwater to have the best wave-dissipating performance. Step 2, Model Establishment: Based on the parameter arrangement obtained in Step 1, establish an optimization model based on the oyster reef ecological submerged breakwater. The optimization model based on the oyster reef ecological submerged breakwater includes the oyster reefs on both sides and the impermeable structure in the middle. Step 3: The oyster reefs on both sides grow naturally and compress the impermeable structure in the middle to form a stable oyster reef ecological dike. Height of oyster reef ecological breakwater and water depth The ratio between them ranges from 0.55 to 0.70; Length of oyster reef ecological breakwater and wave wavelength The ratio ranges from 0.22 to 0.30; The number of oyster reefs is 3 or 4; The material for oyster reef ecological breakwaters is oyster shells; In step one, the transmittance coefficient of the oyster reef ecological breakwater The calculation formula is: ； in, The amplitude of the transmitted wave. The amplitude of the incident wave; The fitting model established based on the D-optimal method is as follows: ； in, To improve the wave-damping performance of oyster reefs, This is the offset. The linear offset coefficient, These are second-order offset coefficients. This is the interaction effect coefficient. , Different influencing factors; The weighted K-means method adds weights to the K-means method, taking into account the influence of each independent variable parameter. The selected weight allocation vector is shown below: =[0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.0.4,0.04,0.72]； For each sample point Calculate the weighted distance from the sample point to the cluster center: ； in, For the corresponding weights, The number of cluster centers. The coordinates of the cluster center; Based on the calculation results, the sample points are classified into the nearest cluster centers and the cluster centers are recalculated. The new cluster centers are the weighted average of all data points in that class. Finally, the difference between the new cluster centers and the previous cluster centers is calculated. If the difference is less than a preset threshold, the iteration stops; otherwise, the clustering operation is repeated based on the new cluster centers until convergence. The impermeable structure is made of rigid, non-porous material.

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