A waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, specifically a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas. The device includes an engine, an intake pipe, a primary exhaust pipe, a secondary exhaust pipe, an exhaust port, a thermal power generation component, a dust removal component, and an adjustable angle guide. The engine is connected to the intake pipe, which is connected to both the primary and secondary exhaust pipes. The primary exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the exhaust port, and the secondary exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the thermal power generation component. This invention preheats the engine using the adjustable angle guide, improving the low-temperature range of the hydrogen fuel cell engine. It achieves optimal energy distribution through bypass emissions, generates electricity based on temperature differences using the thermal power generation component, and removes dust from the thermal power generation component, improving heat exchange efficiency and thus power generation efficiency. This invention can generate electricity using waste heat from exhaust gas while ensuring safety and efficiency, resulting in high power generation efficiency, convenient maintenance, and environmental friendliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen or hydrogen-containing substances to react with oxygen in the air in a fuel cell to generate electricity that drives an electric motor, which in turn propels the vehicle. They offer advantages such as high efficiency, cleanliness, comfort, and zero emissions.

[0003] Existing technologies have revealed systems for recovering waste heat using the Rankine Cycle. Typically, a Rankine Cycle mainly includes a pressurizing device (e.g., a pump), a heat exchange device (e.g., an evaporator), an energy conversion device (e.g., an expander), and a cooling device (e.g., a condenser). In use, the pump pressurizes a medium (e.g., water) and exchanges heat with the high-temperature engine exhaust gas on the evaporator. The medium is heated and vaporized until it becomes superheated steam, which then enters the expander to do work. The low-pressure steam after doing work enters the condenser to be cooled and condensed into a liquid state, and then returns to the pump to complete one cycle.

[0004] After this process, the waste heat of the engine exhaust is converted into usable mechanical energy, thus realizing energy recovery and utilization.

[0005] While hydrogen fuel cell vehicle engines are significantly more efficient than internal combustion engines, they still generate a large amount of waste heat during operation. Since most of this waste heat is directly evaporated, it is impossible to recover and utilize the waste heat generated by the engine. This results in the direct discharge of exhaust waste heat, causing energy loss and exacerbating the urban heat island effect.

[0006] Currently, Chinese invention patent application number 201610268447.6 discloses an integrated device for automobile exhaust purification and waste heat recovery. Although it can effectively recover the waste heat of automobile exhaust and convert it into electrical energy to drive the internal exhaust purification device, it still has the drawback of having only one exhaust pipe. It also needs to generate electricity and purify exhaust gas at the same time, which will increase the exhaust resistance of the engine. The disadvantages outweigh the advantages. In addition, it does not have a dust removal device. When used for a long time, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface will decrease, leading to malfunctions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing technology cannot achieve optimal energy distribution. Using exhaust waste heat to generate electricity can easily lead to excessively high pressure and temperature inside the pipe, which can easily cause power loss, increase engine exhaust resistance, increase maintenance costs, and lack a dust removal device. When the device is used for a long time, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface will decrease, resulting in failure.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a waste heat recovery device for exhaust gas from a hydrogen fuel cell engine, comprising an engine, an intake pipe, a primary exhaust pipe, a secondary exhaust pipe, an exhaust port, a thermal power generation component, a dust removal component, and an angle-adjusting guide component. The engine is connected to the intake pipe, the intake pipe is connected to the primary exhaust pipe and the secondary exhaust pipe respectively, the primary exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the exhaust port, the secondary exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the thermal power generation component, the secondary exhaust pipe is provided with an angle-adjusting guide component, and the thermal power generation component is fixedly connected to the dust removal component.

[0009] The thermal power generation component uses the waste heat from the exhaust gas for thermoelectric power generation.

[0010] The dust removal component is used to improve the energy exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface.

[0011] The adjustable angle guide is used to adjust the exhaust gas discharge rate.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, the thermal power generation component includes a thermally conductive pad, a semiconductor power generation chip and a water-cooling assembly. One end of the semiconductor power generation chip is fixedly connected to the thermally conductive pad, and the other end of the semiconductor power generation chip is closely attached to the water-cooling assembly. The thermally conductive pad is fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, the water cooling assembly includes a water pump, a circulation pipe, fins and a water tank, the water pump is connected to the circulation pipe, the circulation pipe is arranged close to the fins, and the water tank is connected to the water pump and the circulation pipe.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, the dust removal component includes a cam, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a pull rod, a fixed rod, a piston, a gas pipe, an inlet valve, an outlet pipe, an outlet valve, a compression chamber, a nozzle, and a dust collection assembly. The cam is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the fixed rod, the other end of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the pull rod, the pull rod is fixedly connected to the piston, the piston is slidably connected to the compression chamber, the bottom ends of the compression chamber are respectively connected to the gas pipe and the outlet pipe, the gas pipe is provided with an inlet valve, the outlet pipe is provided with an outlet valve, the outlet pipe is connected to the nozzle, and the nozzle is positioned directly opposite the dust collection assembly.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, the dust collection assembly includes a dust collection cloth, a first spring, a coil, a second spring, an armature, a dust collection box, a sliding bracket, a pressure sensor, and a housing. The dust collection cloth is fixedly connected to the first spring, the first spring is fixedly connected to the sliding bracket, the other end of the dust collection cloth is rotatably connected to the sliding bracket, the dust collection cloth is fixedly connected to the armature, the sliding bracket is fixedly connected to the coil, the coil is fixedly connected to the second spring, the second spring abuts against the armature, a dust collection box is provided at the lower end of the dust collection cloth, the dust collection box is slidably connected to the sliding bracket, the sliding bracket is fixedly connected to the housing, and a pressure sensor is provided on the dust collection cloth.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, the adjustable angle guide includes a turbine, a rotating shaft, a fixed plate, a nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle and a support frame. The turbine is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe through the support frame. Several sets of the fixed plate and the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle are provided.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas described in this invention, the cam is provided with a rotating column.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas described in this invention, the outer shell is provided with a collection port and an air vent.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to the present invention, the inlet valve and the outlet valve have the same structure, the inlet valve includes a valve and a third spring, the valve is fitted with the third spring, and the valve is slidably connected to the outlet pipe.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas described in this invention, the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle is made of nickel-titanium alloy with memory function, and will return to its original shape when heated.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By adjusting the angle guide component to preheat the engine, this invention can improve the low-temperature range of the hydrogen fuel cell engine; by bypassing emissions, it can achieve optimal energy distribution; by using a thermal power generation component to generate electricity based on temperature difference; and by using a dust removal component to remove dust from the thermal power generation component, it can improve heat exchange efficiency and thus affect power generation efficiency. This invention can generate electricity using exhaust waste heat while ensuring safety and efficiency, with high power generation efficiency, convenient maintenance, and environmental friendliness. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dust removal component structure of a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collection component structure of a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water-cooled component structure of a hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust waste heat recovery device according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the knot angle guide structure of a hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust waste heat recovery device according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 6 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the thermal power generation component of a hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust waste heat recovery device according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell structure of a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the compression chamber of a waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0030] Reference numerals: Engine 1; Intake pipe 2; First-stage exhaust pipe 3; Second-stage exhaust pipe 4; Exhaust port 31; Thermoelectric component 5; Thermal pad 51; Semiconductor power generation chip 52; Water cooling assembly 53; Water pump 531; Circulation pipe 532; Fin 533; Water tank 534; Dust removal component 6; Cam 61; Rotating column 611; First connecting rod 62; Second connecting rod 63; Tie rod 64; Fixed rod 65; Valve 6711; Third spring 6712; Piston 66; Gas... Pipe 67; Exhaust pipe 672; Inlet valve 671; Exhaust valve 673; Compression chamber 68; Nozzle 69; Dust collection assembly 8; Dust collection cloth 81; First spring 82; Coil 83; Second spring 84; Armature 85; Dust collection box 86; Slide bracket 861; Pressure sensor 87; Housing 88; Collection port 881; Air hole 882; Adjustable angle guide 7; Turbine 71; Rotating shaft 72; Fixing plate 73; Nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74; Support frame 75. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Example, refer to Figures 1-8 This embodiment provides a waste heat recovery device for exhaust gas from a hydrogen fuel cell engine, including an engine 1, an intake pipe 2, a primary exhaust pipe 3, a secondary exhaust pipe 4, an exhaust port 31, a thermal power generation component 5, a dust removal component 6, and an angle-adjusting guide component 7. The engine 1 is connected to the intake pipe 2, and the intake pipe 2 is connected to the primary exhaust pipe 3 and the secondary exhaust pipe 4 respectively. The primary exhaust pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the exhaust port 31, the secondary exhaust pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the thermal power generation component 5, the secondary exhaust pipe 4 is provided with an angle-adjusting guide component 7, and the thermal power generation component 5 is fixedly connected to the dust removal component 6.

[0033] Thermal power generation component 5 uses the waste heat from the exhaust gas for thermoelectric power generation;

[0034] Dust removal component 6 is used to improve the energy exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface;

[0035] The adjustable angle guide 7 is used to adjust the exhaust gas discharge rate.

[0036] In this preferred embodiment, when the engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is low. The fan blades of the angle guide 7 are in an extended state, which prolongs the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe 4, so that the temperature inside the pipe rises rapidly, completing the preheating of the engine 1 and improving the low-temperature range capability of the hydrogen fuel cell engine.

[0037] The exhaust gas from engine 1 is split from intake pipe 2. Part of it flows out through primary exhaust pipe 3 and exhaust port 31, while the other part enters secondary exhaust pipe 4 to provide a heat source for thermal power generation component 5. The purpose of the bypass exhaust design is to achieve optimal energy distribution while ensuring safety and efficiency. If the full flow passes through, the pressure and temperature will be too high, which can easily cause power loss, increase engine exhaust resistance, and increase maintenance costs.

[0038] The thermal power generation component 5 generates electricity based on the temperature difference. The dust removal component 6 removes dust from the thermal power generation component 5 to prevent the heat exchange surface from being covered by dust, which would affect the heat exchange efficiency and thus the power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the dust removal component 6 can increase the temperature difference of the thermal power generation component 5, thereby further improving the power generation efficiency.

[0039] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 The thermal power generation component 5 includes a thermally conductive pad 51, a semiconductor power generation chip 52, and a water-cooling component 53. One end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52 is fixedly connected to the thermally conductive pad 51, and the other end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52 is closely attached to the water-cooling component 53. The thermally conductive pad 51 is fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe 4.

[0040] In this preferred embodiment, the exhaust gas passes through the secondary exhaust pipe 4, and the heat is transferred to the heat-conducting pad 51. The heat-conducting pad 51 transfers the heat to the hot end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52. The water-cooling component 53 is connected to the cold end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52. According to the Seebeck effect, the semiconductor power generation chip 52 can generate a voltage difference by utilizing the temperature difference, thereby generating electricity and converting thermal energy into electrical energy for storage.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 The water-cooling assembly 53 includes a water pump 531, a circulation pipe 532, fins 533, and a water tank 534. The water pump 531 is connected to the circulation pipe 532, and the circulation pipe 532 is set close to the fins 533. The water tank 534 is connected to the water pump 531 and the circulation pipe 532.

[0042] In this preferred embodiment, the water pump 531 draws cold water from the water tank 534 and flows through the circulation pipe 532. The circulation pipe 532 cools the fins 533, thereby increasing the temperature of the cold end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52, increasing the temperature difference, and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 8 The dust removal component 6 includes a cam 61, a first connecting rod 62, a second connecting rod 63, a pull rod 64, a fixed rod 65, a piston 66, an air pipe 67, an inlet valve 671, an outlet pipe 672, an outlet valve 673, a compression chamber 68, a nozzle 69, and a dust collection assembly 8. The cam 61 is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod 62, the first connecting rod 62 is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod 63, the second connecting rod 63 is rotatably connected to the fixed rod 65, the other end of the second connecting rod 63 is rotatably connected to the pull rod 64, the pull rod 64 is fixedly connected to the piston 66, the piston 66 is slidably connected to the compression chamber 68, the bottom of the compression chamber 68 is connected to the air pipe 67 and the outlet pipe 672 respectively, the air pipe 67 is provided with an inlet valve 671, the outlet pipe 672 is provided with an outlet valve 673, the outlet pipe 672 is connected to the nozzle 69, and the nozzle 69 is positioned directly opposite the dust collection assembly 8.

[0044] In this preferred embodiment, the rotation of cam 61 drives the rotation of first connecting rod 62, the rotation of first connecting rod 62 drives the rotation of second connecting rod 63, the rotation of second connecting rod 63 drives pull rod 64 to move up and down repeatedly, and pull rod 64 drives piston 66 to move up and down.

[0045] When piston 66 rises, compression chamber 68 generates a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, intake valve 671 opens, external gas enters compression chamber 68, and intake valve 671 closes.

[0046] When piston 66 descends, the air volume begins to decrease and the air is compressed, which drives the exhaust valve 673 to open, thereby squeezing the air into the nozzle 69, which blows a high-pressure airflow onto the fin 533, thereby blowing away the dust on the fin 533. The dust is collected by the dust collection assembly 8 for periodic cleaning.

[0047] Reference Figure 3 The dust collection assembly 8 includes a dust collection cloth 81, a first spring 82, a coil 83, a second spring 84, an armature 85, a dust collection box 86, a sliding bracket 861, a pressure sensor 87, and a housing 88. The dust collection cloth 81 is fixedly connected to the first spring 82, the first spring 82 is fixedly connected to the sliding bracket 861, the other end of the dust collection cloth 81 is rotatably connected to the sliding bracket 861, the dust collection cloth 81 is fixedly connected to the armature 85, the sliding bracket 861 is fixedly connected to the coil 83, the coil 83 is fixedly connected to the second spring 84, the second spring 84 abuts against the armature 85, the lower end of the dust collection cloth 81 is provided with a dust collection box 86, the dust collection box 86 is slidably connected to the sliding bracket 861, the sliding bracket 861 is fixedly connected to the housing 88, and the dust collection cloth 81 is provided with a pressure sensor 87.

[0048] In this preferred embodiment, dust is blown onto the dust collection cloth 81, which collects a certain weight of dust. When the weight exceeds a certain threshold, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be energized. The coil 83 generates a magnetic force, which attracts the armature 85. The armature 85 causes the dust collection cloth 81 to shake, thereby shaking the dust into the dust collection box 86. When the dust is shaken off, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be de-energized, so the magnetic force disappears, the coil 83 and the armature 85 separate, and the dust collection cloth 81 shakes again and resets under the action of the first spring 82 and the second spring 84.

[0049] Reference Figure 5 The adjustable angle guide component 7 includes a turbine 71, a rotating shaft 72, a fixed plate 73, a nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74, and a support frame 75. The turbine 71 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 72, the fixed plate 73 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 72, and the fixed plate 73 is fixedly connected to the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74. The two ends of the rotating shaft 72 are fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe 4 through the support frame 75. Several sets of fixed plates 73 and nickel-titanium alloy curved baffles 74 are provided.

[0050] In this preferred embodiment, the exhaust gas impact drives the turbine 71 to rotate, the turbine 71 drives the rotating shaft 72 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 72 drives the dust removal component 6 to rotate. When the engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is low. At this time, the fan blades of the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 are in an extended state, which prolongs the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe 4, so that the temperature inside the pipe rises rapidly, completing the preheating of the engine 1 and improving the low-temperature range of the hydrogen fuel cell engine. When the temperature rises to the normal level, the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 retracts.

[0051] Reference Figure 2 The cam 61 is provided with a rotating column 611.

[0052] In this preferred embodiment, the cam 61 can drive the first connecting rod 62 to reciprocate.

[0053] Reference Figure 7 The outer shell 88 has a collection port 881 and an air hole 882.

[0054] In this preferred embodiment, dust can be quickly and periodically removed through the collection port 881, and the vent 882 can dissipate heat.

[0055] Reference Figure 8 The intake valve 671 and the exhaust valve 673 have the same structure. The intake valve 671 includes a valve 6711 and a third spring 6712. The valve 6711 is fitted with the third spring 6712. The valve 6711 is slidably connected to the exhaust pipe 672.

[0056] In this preferred embodiment, the valve 6711 moves downward to compress the third spring 6712 and is able to return to its original state.

[0057] Reference Figure 5 The nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 is made of nickel-titanium alloy, which has a memory function and will return to its original shape when heated.

[0058] In this preferred embodiment, the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 shrinks at high temperatures and expands at low temperatures, and can recover its shrinkage shape memory under the influence of temperature. The angle can be adjusted by the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 to facilitate thermal power generation under different temperature conditions.

[0059] Working principle: When engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is low. The fan blades of the adjusting angle guide 7 are in an extended state. The exhaust gas impact drives the turbine 71 to rotate. The turbine 71 drives the rotating shaft 72 to rotate. When engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is low. The fan blades of the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 are in an extended state, which prolongs the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe 4, so that the temperature inside the pipe rises rapidly, completing the preheating of engine 1 and improving the low-temperature range of the hydrogen fuel cell engine. When the temperature rises to the normal level, the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle 74 retracts.

[0060] The exhaust gas from engine 1 is split from intake pipe 2. Part of it flows out through primary exhaust pipe 3 and exhaust port 31, while the other part enters secondary exhaust pipe 4 to provide a heat source for thermal power generation component 5. The purpose of the bypass exhaust design is to achieve optimal energy distribution while ensuring safety and efficiency. If the full flow passes through, the pressure and temperature will be too high, which can easily cause power loss, increase engine exhaust resistance, and increase maintenance costs.

[0061] The exhaust gas passes through the secondary exhaust pipe 4, and the heat is transferred to the heat-conducting pad 51. The heat-conducting pad 51 transfers the heat to the hot end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52. The water pump 531 draws cold water from the water tank 534 and flows through the circulation pipe 532. The circulation pipe 532 cools the fins 533, thereby increasing the temperature of the cold end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52, increasing the temperature difference, and improving the power generation efficiency. According to the Seebeck effect, the semiconductor power generation chip 52 can use the temperature difference to generate a voltage difference, thereby generating electricity and converting heat energy into electrical energy for storage.

[0062] The rotating shaft 72 drives the cam 61 to rotate, which in turn drives the first connecting rod 62 to rotate. The first connecting rod 62 drives the second connecting rod 63 to rotate, which in turn drives the pull rod 64 to move up and down reciprocally. The pull rod 64 drives the piston 66 to move up and down. When the piston 66 rises, the compression chamber 68 generates a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, and the intake valve 671 opens, allowing external gas to enter the compression chamber 68. When the intake valve 671 closes, the piston 66 descends, and the air volume begins to decrease, causing the air to be compressed. This compresses the air, causing the exhaust valve 673 to open, thus forcing the air into the nozzle 69, which in turn blows a high-pressure airflow onto the fins 533, thereby pushing the fins 533... The dust on the surface is blown away and blown onto the dust collection cloth 81. The dust collection cloth 81 collects a certain weight of dust. When it exceeds a certain threshold, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be energized. The coil 83 generates a magnetic force, which attracts the armature 85. The armature 85 drives the dust collection cloth 81 to shake, thereby shaking the dust into the dust collection box 86. When the dust is shaken off, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be de-energized, so the magnetic force disappears, the coil 83 and the armature 85 separate, and under the action of the first spring 82 and the second spring 84, the dust collection cloth 81 shakes again and resets. The dust collection box 86 can be quickly taken out through the collection port 881 for periodic cleaning.

[0063] This device can achieve optimal energy allocation, and generates electricity using waste heat from exhaust gas while ensuring safety and efficiency. It has high power generation efficiency, is easy to maintain, and is environmentally friendly.

Claims

1. A waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas, characterized in that: The device includes an engine (1), an intake pipe (2), a primary exhaust pipe (3), a secondary exhaust pipe (4), an exhaust port (31), a thermal power generation component (5), a dust removal component (6), and an adjustable angle guide (7). The engine (1) is connected to the intake pipe (2). The intake pipe (2) is connected to the primary exhaust pipe (3) and the secondary exhaust pipe (4) respectively. The primary exhaust pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the exhaust port (31). The secondary exhaust pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the thermal power generation component (5). The secondary exhaust pipe (4) is provided with an adjustable angle guide (7). The thermal power generation component (5) is fixedly connected to the dust removal component (6). The thermal power generation component (5) uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas for thermoelectric power generation; The dust removal component (6) includes a cam (61), a first connecting rod (62), a second connecting rod (63), a pull rod (64), a fixed rod (65), a piston (66), an air pipe (67), an air inlet valve (671), an air outlet pipe (672), an air outlet valve (673), a compression chamber (68), a nozzle (69), and a dust collection assembly (8). The cam (61) is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod (62), the first connecting rod (62) is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod (63), and the second connecting rod (63) is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (65). The second connecting rod (63) is rotatably connected to the other end of the pull rod (64), the pull rod (64) is fixedly connected to the piston (66), the piston (66) is slidably connected to the compression chamber (68), the bottom of the compression chamber (68) is connected to the air pipe (67) and the air outlet pipe (672) respectively, the air pipe (67) is provided with an air inlet valve (671), the air outlet pipe (672) is provided with an air outlet valve (673), the air outlet pipe (672) is connected to the nozzle (69), and the nozzle (69) is positioned directly opposite the dust collection assembly (8); The adjustable angle guide (7) is used to adjust the exhaust gas discharge rate; The thermal power generation component (5) includes a thermal pad (51), a semiconductor power generation chip (52), and a water cooling component (53). One end of the semiconductor power generation chip (52) is fixedly connected to the thermal pad (51), and the other end of the semiconductor power generation chip (52) is closely attached to the water cooling component (53). The thermal pad (51) is fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe (4). The water-cooling assembly (53) includes a water pump (531), a circulation pipe (532), fins (533), and a water tank (534). The water pump (531) is connected to the circulation pipe (532), and the circulation pipe (532) is arranged close to the fins (533). The water tank (534) is connected to the water pump (531) and the circulation pipe (532). The dust collection assembly (8) includes a dust collection cloth (81), a first spring (82), a coil (83), a second spring (84), an armature (85), a dust collection box (86), a sliding bracket (861), a pressure sensor (87), and a housing (88). The dust collection cloth (81) is fixedly connected to the first spring (82), and the first spring (82) is fixedly connected to the sliding bracket (861). The other end of the dust collection cloth (81) is rotatably connected to the sliding bracket (861). The dust collection cloth (81) is fixedly connected to the armature (85). The sliding bracket (861) is fixedly connected to the coil (83). The coil (83) is fixedly connected to the second spring (84). The second spring (84) abuts against the armature (85). A dust collection box (86) is provided at the lower end of the dust collection cloth (81). The dust collection box (86) is slidably connected to the sliding bracket (861). The sliding bracket (861) is fixedly connected to the housing (88). A pressure sensor (87) is provided on the dust collection cloth (81). The adjustable angle guide (7) includes a turbine (71), a rotating shaft (72), a fixed plate (73), a nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74), and a support frame (75). The turbine (71) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (72), the fixed plate (73) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (72), and the fixed plate (73) is fixedly connected to the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74). The two ends of the rotating shaft (72) are fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe (4) through the support frame (75). Several sets of the fixed plate (73) and the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74) are provided. The nozzle (69) is positioned directly opposite the fin (533). The nozzle (69) generates a high-pressure airflow to blow dust off the fin (533) so that it can be collected by the dust collection cloth (81). When the engine (1) is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is low. The fan blades of the angle guide (7) are extended, and the exhaust gas impacts and drives the turbine (71) to rotate. The turbine (71) drives the rotating shaft (72) to rotate. When the engine (1) is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is low. The fan blades of the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74) are extended, which prolongs the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe (4), so that the temperature inside the pipe rises rapidly and completes the preheating of the engine (1). When the temperature rises to the normal level, the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74) contracts.

2. The waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cam (61) is provided with a rotating column (611).

3. The waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell (88) has a collection port (881) and an air hole (882).

4. The waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The intake valve (671) and the exhaust valve (673) have the same structure. The intake valve (671) includes a valve (6711) and a third spring (6712). The valve (6711) is fitted with the third spring (6712). The valve (6711) is slidably connected to the exhaust pipe (672).

5. The waste heat recovery device for hydrogen fuel cell engine exhaust gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74) is made of nickel-titanium alloy, which has a memory function and will return to its original shape when heated.

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